JP2001272702A - Method for manufacturing display device and display device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for manufacturing a display device which can deal with a display face of a complicated shape such as a three-dimensional structure without causing any display irregularity and which can be driven with low electric power, and to provide the display device. SOLUTION: In the method of forming the display device, a first electrode 5 is formed on a substrate 1 having a three-dimensional form, then a display layer having a display function by electrophoresis is formed on the first electrode 1 and a second electrode 6 is formed on the display layer. The display layer has a plurality of microregions 8 encapsulating at least a solvent 4 and drifting particles 2. The display device is obtained by the above method.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a display device using charged particles which move between electrodes when an electric field is applied in a dispersion medium.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, an electrophoretic display device as shown in FIG. 4 has been known. In this electrophoretic display device, at least one of the pair is translucent, for example, a pair of glass substrates 11.
a and 11b are opposed to each other at a predetermined interval via the sealing members 13a and 13b.
1b and the sealing members 13a and 13b form a closed space. These pair of glass substrates 11
a and 11b are provided with flat ITO on the inner surfaces facing each other.
And the like transparent electrodes 12a and 12b are fixed.

[0003] In the closed space, an electrophoretic display medium 4a is accommodated. This electrophoretic display medium 4
“a” is, for example, a dye in which black or the like is dissolved in a dispersion medium, and includes white charged particles (electrophoretic particles, for example, white pigment) 2a dispersed in the medium 4a.

In such an electrophoretic display element, a positive voltage is applied to the pair of electrodes 12a and 12b, for example, as shown in FIG. 5, and a negative voltage is applied to the lower electrode 12b. When a voltage is applied, the negatively charged white pigment 2a is electrophoresed toward the anode by Coulomb force, and the white pigment 2 is placed on the upper anode electrode 12a.
Adheres to When the electrophoretic display device in such a state is observed from an upper position, a portion where the white pigment 2a adheres to form a layer appears white via the transparent electrode 12a and the glass substrate 11a. On the other hand, if the polarity of the applied voltage is reversed, the white pigment 1 adheres to the facing electrode 12b to form a layer, and the white pigment 2a becomes a black medium 4a.
, The electrophoretic display panel will appear black. When the application of the voltage is stopped, once the white pigment 2a has adhered to the electrode, it is not necessary to apply the voltage except for maintaining the adhered state.

However, with such a display device structure, a display device having a planar shape cannot be obtained, and it has been difficult to display a complicated shape such as a three-dimensional structure.

Further, since the difference in specific gravity between the electrophoretic particles 2a and the solvent used for the medium is largely different, and the polarities of the surfaces thereof are also different, sedimentation and aggregation of the electrophoretic particles 2a occur, thereby deteriorating display quality. Is inevitable.

The sedimentation and aggregation of the migrating particles have been improved by using a dispersant, a surface modifier and the like. But,
In some cases, these additives themselves may change due to aging or application of an electric field, and it is difficult to maintain a stable state.

In order to maintain the adhered state,
If a voltage is applied periodically, power consumption increases, and a problem that an electric circuit becomes complicated occurs.

[0009]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a display device which can cope with a display surface having a complicated shape such as a three-dimensional structure, has no display unevenness, and can be driven with low power.
And a display device.

[0010]

The above object is achieved by the following constitution. (1) A first electrode is formed on a substrate having a three-dimensional shape, a display layer having a display function by electrophoresis is formed on the first electrode, and a second electrode is formed on the display layer. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the display layer has a plurality of minute regions in which at least a solvent and electrophoretic particles are sealed. (2) The display device according to (1), wherein the minute area of the display layer is formed of a structure using microcapsules or cells. (3) The display device according to (1) or (2), wherein the display layer further includes a layered clay mineral. (4) The method according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the display layer is formed by a coating or spraying method. (5) A display device obtained by any one of the above (1) to (4).

[0011]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments embodying the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. The display device of the present invention includes, for example, as shown in FIG. 1, a first electrode 5 on a three-dimensional substrate 1, and a display layer having a display function by electrophoresis on the first electrode 2. This display layer has at least a solvent and electrophoretic particles sealed in a plurality of micro areas. More specifically, it has a microcapsule having a display function in the organic binder 7 or a display layer in which the cells 8 are dispersed. Further, a second electrode 6 is provided on this display layer, and at least the solvent 4 and the migrating particles 2 are sealed in the microcapsules or cells 8. Further, it is preferable that the display layer is formed by a coating method or a spraying method.

As described above, by dividing the portion of the display layer having a display function into minute regions, a gas having a three-dimensional shape can be provided with a display function. Expand dramatically.

The substrate 1 having a three-dimensional shape is not particularly limited. If the substrate has a three-dimensional shape, its material may be metal, glass, ceramic, resin, wood, or the like.
Any one may be used. Here, the three-dimensional shape does not include a planar shape, and preferably refers to a shape having a plurality of different curvatures. In this case, a shape obtained by simply bending a plane is not included in the three-dimensional shape.

The first electrode is not particularly limited as long as it is formed on a substrate and has a predetermined conductivity, and various types of materials such as metals, semiconductors, conductive resins, and conductive paints are used. be able to. Further, the first electrode may also be used as a conductive base. When a metal material is used for the first electrode, Al, Ag, In, Ti, Cu, A
u, Mo, W, Pt, Pd and Ni, especially Al, Ag
One or two or more metal elements selected from

The thickness of the first electrode is not particularly limited, and depends on the material to be formed and the forming method, but is preferably at least 50 nm, more preferably at least 100 nm. There is no particular upper limit, but 1
It may be about 00 μm.

The second electrode is preferably an electrode having light transmittance so that the display layer can be visually recognized. In particular,
Preference is given to tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) and zinc-doped indium oxide (IZO). These oxides may deviate somewhat from their stoichiometric composition. In ₂ O ₃
The mixing ratio of SnO ₂ with respect to is preferably 1 to 20% by mass, more preferably 5 to 12% by mass. In addition, In ₂ in IZO
The mixing ratio of ZnO to O ₃ is usually about 12 to 32% by mass. Further, a resin material having conductivity may be used.

When the transparent electrode is formed by a vapor deposition method, the thickness is preferably in the range of 50 to 500 nm, particularly preferably 50 to 300 nm. The upper limit is not particularly limited. However, if the thickness is too large, there is a fear that the transmittance is reduced or the layer is peeled off. If the thickness is too small, a sufficient effect cannot be obtained, and there is a problem in film strength at the time of production and the like.

The light transmittance of the transparent electrode is preferably 60% or more, more preferably 7%, in the visible light region.
It is preferable to have a transmittance of 0% or more, particularly 80% or more.

A protective layer may be further formed on the second electrode. As the protective layer, an inorganic layer such as SiO ₂ or an organic layer using a resin material can be used.

A microcapsule or cell 8 for forming a microscopic region has a structure including at least a dispersion system in which electrophoretic particles (charged particles) 2 are dispersed in a liquid solvent 4.

Here, the outline of the method for producing the microcapsules 8 used in the present invention will be described.

As a method of microencapsulation, it can be prepared by a method known in the art. For example, US Patent No. 28004
No. 57, No. 2800458, etc., a phase separation method from an aqueous solution as described in JP-B-38-19574,
Interfacial polymerization methods as shown in JP-A-42-446 and JP-A-42-771, and in-situ polymerization by monomers described in JP-B-36-9168 and JP-A-51-9079. (In-situ) method, melting and dispersion cooling method disclosed in British Patent Nos. 952807 and 965074, and the like, but are not limited thereto.

The material for forming the outer wall of the microcapsule 8 may be an inorganic substance or an organic substance, as long as the outer wall can be formed by the above-described capsule manufacturing method, but is preferably a material that sufficiently transmits light. . Specific examples include gelatin, gum arabic, starch, sodium alginate,
Examples include polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene, polyamide, polyester, polyurethane, polyurea, polyurethane, polystyrene, nitrocellulose, ethylcellulose, methylcellulose, melamine-formaldehyde resin, urea-formaldehyde resin, and copolymers thereof.

Although it can be said that the particle diameter of the microcapsule 8 is theoretically preferably smaller in order to realize a high-resolution display device, it has a structure in which the charged particles 2 are included. It is desirable that the thickness be 5 μm or more and about 200 μm or less.

The solvent 4 may be water, alcohols, hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, etc., or various kinds of natural or synthetic oils.

First, the migrating particles 2 are uniformly dispersed in the solvent 4. Further, this dispersion and distilled water to which a surfactant has been added are stirred and mixed to prepare an emulsion of the dispersion.
The size of the dispersion emulsion is adjusted to a desired size by the stirring speed or the types and amounts of the emulsifier and the surfactant. If necessary, one or more kinds of emulsifiers, surfactants, electrolytes, lubricants, stabilizers and the like can be appropriately added.

Further, two kinds of charged particles having different color tone and charged polarity (for example, white charged particles and black charged particles) may be encapsulated in the microcapsules 8 together with the liquid solvent 4 by the above interfacial polymerization method. .

At this time, it is preferable that the dispersity of the particle size distribution of the electrophoretic particles 2 represented by volume average particle diameter / number average particle diameter is about 2 or less.

Here, the volume average particle diameter is defined as a particle diameter such that, when the volume for each particle diameter is accumulated in ascending order from the smallest particle diameter to the largest one, the accumulated value becomes 50% of the total volume. On the other hand, the number-average particle diameter refers to a value obtained by dividing the sum of the products of each particle diameter and the number by the total number.

The electrophoretic particles having a degree of dispersion exceeding about 2 are not uniform in particle diameter.
This causes a problem that only one large electrophoretic particle is present in the capsule 8. In order to avoid this problem, it is necessary to increase the particle size of the capsule 8, which causes a reduction in image resolution.

Since the electrophoretic particles 2 having a degree of dispersion of about 2 or less have a uniform particle diameter, they are uniformly dispersed when dispersed in the solvent 4 so that the encapsulation amount of the electrophoretic particles 2 in the microcapsules 8 is uniform. It becomes possible to control. A dispersity of 1 means that the volume average particle diameter is equal to the number average particle diameter, and represents a state where the particles are completely and uniformly dispersed.

The average particle diameter of the migrating particles 2 is about 1/1000 or more,
/ 5 or less. In the microcapsule 8 enclosing the migrating particles 2 having a particle diameter of about 1/5 or more of the microcapsules 10, when forming an image by applying an electric field, the migrating particles (particularly, migrating particles having different polarities) are formed. As a result, the response speed is extremely reduced. In addition, the migrating particles 2 having a particle diameter of about 1/1000 or less of the microcapsules 8 aggregate in the microcapsules 8 and cause a decrease in responsiveness to an electric field and display unevenness.

The amount of the migrating particles 2 is such that the volume of the migrating particles 2 in the microcapsule 8 is about 1.5% or more and about 25% or less with respect to the volume of the microcapsule 8, respectively. It is preferable that the total volume of all the migrating particles 2 contained in the microcapsule 8 is adjusted to be about 1.5% or more and about 50% or less with respect to the volume of the microcapsule 8.

When the volume of the migrating particles 2 contained in the microcapsules 8 is not more than about 1.5% of the volume of the microcapsules 8, the migrating particles 2 move to the end of the microcapsule wall by the control electric field. However, it cannot occupy half of the hemisphere of the capsule, and the contrast is low, or the color of the mixed pigment or other color particles is exposed to the eyes of the observer.

The volume of the migrating particles having different charging polarities is about 25% or more of the volume of the microcapsule 8, and the total volume of the migrating particles contained in the microcapsule 8 is the sum of the microcapsules 10. If the volume is about 50% or more with respect to the volume, when the migrating particles respond to the control electric field, the particles hinder each other due to collision. Therefore, the response speed from the application of the control electric field to the completion of image formation is significantly reduced.

As the migrating particles 2, polymerized particles can be suitably used. In addition to the polymerized particles, well-known colloid particles, various organic and inorganic pigments, dyes, metal powders, glass, or pulverized fine powders such as resins,
It is difficult for these to easily satisfy all of a uniform particle diameter, coloring property, and charging property.

Examples of the method for producing polymer particles include a suspension polymerization method, an emulsion polymerization method, a solution polymerization method, and a dispersion polymerization method. Among these, from the viewpoint of controlling the particle diameter uniformly, it is preferable to produce the particles by a dispersion polymerization method, an emulsion polymerization method, or a solution polymerization method.

The composition material of the polymer particles is such that the starting monomers are methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, iso-butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n -Butyl methacrylate,
iso-butyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, n-propyl vinyl ether, iso-butyl vinyl ether, n-butyl vinyl ether, styrene, α-methylstyrene, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile,
Vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl fluoride, vinylidene fluoride, ethylene, propylene, isoprene, chloroprene, butadiene and the like can be used.

Further, a monomer having a functional group such as a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, a methylol group, an amino group, an acid amide group and a glycidyl group may be mixed with the monomer. Those having a carboxyl group include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and itaconic acid, and those having a hydroxyl group include β-hydroxyethyl acrylate, β-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, β-hydroxypropyl acrylate, β-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, and allyl alcohol. Those having a methylol group are N-methylol acrylamide, N-methylol methacrylamide, etc., those having an amino group are dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, etc., those having an acid amide group are acrylamide, methacrylamide, etc., glycidyl. Those having a group include glycidyl acrylate glycidyl methacrylate and glycidyl allyl ether. These monomers can be used alone or as a mixture of a plurality of monomers.

Various dyes can be used as the coloring material of the polymer particles. The charge control of the polymer particles may include a charge imparting agent such as a quaternary ammonium salt, a nigrosine compound, and an azo compound. In the polymer particles, these coloring, charge imparting, by swelling by immersing the polymer particles in a suitable solvent, the colorant, the charge imparting agent is incorporated into the particles, after the incorporation, by diluting the solvent, It is possible to securely fix the colorant and the charge imparting agent in the polymer particles. For this reason, in the polymer particles, in addition to making the particle diameter uniform, it is possible to secure desired coloring and chargeability that is not affected by the coloring agent.

In the present invention, the solvent 4 may contain a swellable layered clay mineral. As the swellable layered clay mineral, smectite is preferred. Smectites, the unit structure as shown in FIG. 3, a kind of layered silicate, two tetrahedral sheets of Si-O 4 ₄ tetrahedron has spread to share oxygen vertices hexagonal mesh-like basically A 2: 1 structure in which an octahedral sheet of oxygen is formed by sandwiching cations with the remaining top oxygens facing each other is used as a unit layer, and has a structure in which the two layers overlap. And swell in the solvent,
The layered structure collapses and shows colloidal properties. Therefore, the adsorbing ability of the guest substance is high, and further, for example, the anions of the display particles are easily adsorbed by the existing cations, so that the retention characteristics are markedly excellent.

Smectites include natural ones and industrially synthesized ones. In the present invention, either a natural product or a synthetic product may be used. However, industrially synthesized products are preferred in view of the characteristics in a solvent and the absence of impurities.

As an industrially synthesized product, synthetic smectite is commercially available. Commercially available synthetic smectites include a hydrophilic type that swells in water and collapses into a layered structure to become colloidal and viscous, and a lipophilic type that becomes colloidal and viscous in organic solvents. . As the hydrophilic type, there is a hydrophilic smectite commercially available as SWN (manufactured by Corp Chemical), but in the present invention, a lipophilic type is preferable.

The lipophilic smectite is obtained by replacing Na ions and the like in the layered structure of hydrophilic smectite with organic ions that can be solvated with a low-polarity solvent or a high-polarity solvent. Such organic ions are not particularly limited, and include, for example, quaternary ammonium having an alkyl group having about 1 to 10 carbon atoms, such as tetramethylammonium and tetraethylammonium.

By selecting the organic ion to be substituted, it can be dispersed well in various organic solvents, exhibit colloidal properties and viscosity, and have excellent properties of intercalating guest substances such as ink and its solvent. It has something. Such lipophilic smectites include SAN, STN,
Some are commercially available as SEN and SPN (both manufactured by Corp Chemical). Among these, SAN and STN, which have an affinity for many organic solvents, are preferable.

As described above, such smectites have the property of swelling in a solvent, both hydrophilic and lipophilic, exhibiting colloidal properties and increasing the viscosity of a solution. Upon standing, this colloid forms a bulky network structure by hydrogen bonding and exhibits elastic behavior. However, when an external force is applied thereto, the network structure is easily broken and the fluidity is exhibited because the bond is weak. For this reason, by including smectite, thixotropic properties can be imparted to the electrophoretic medium 1, the ability to retain display particles is improved, and display is stabilized.

The content of smectite is preferably 0.01 to 20% by mass of the electrophoresis medium, more preferably 0.1 to 20% by mass.
It is 15% by mass, particularly preferably 1 to 10% by mass.

The specific surface area of the smectite used is preferably from 200 to 1000 m ² / g, more preferably from 500 to 1
000 m ² / g, particularly preferably 710 to 800 m ² / g.

When observed using an optical microscope, the average major axis of smectite observed in an irregular shape is preferably 0.1 to 100 μm, more preferably 0.5 to 50 μm.
μm, particularly preferably 1 to 45 μm.

The binder for dispersing and holding the microcapsules is not particularly limited as long as the material can disperse and hold the microcapsules 8 and form the display layer by a coating method or the like. Specific examples include cellulose derivatives, polyvinyl alcohol, acrylic derivatives, soluble starch, and gelatin.

The binder may contain additives. Examples of such additives include polyalkylene glycol, fatty acid ammonium salt, fatty acid, fatty acid ester, wax, polyhydric alcohol, silicone oil and the like. .

The binder and the microcapsule are preferably used by dissolving and dispersing in a coating solvent. The coating solvent is not particularly limited as long as it is a material that can dissolve the binder and hardly dissolve the microcapsules. Specific examples include water, alcohols, fatty acids, hydrocarbons, ketones, aldehydes, and the like.

The content of the binder in the coating solvent depends on the type of the binder, but is preferably 1 to 40% by mass.
In particular, it is about 10 to 30% by mass. The content of microcapsules in the coating solvent depends on the type of binder,
Preferably it is about 1 to 95% by volume, especially about 50 to 90% by volume.

The display layer is prepared by mixing the microcapsules having the above constitution, a resin binder and, if necessary, an additive, dissolving in a coating solvent, and applying or spraying the mixture onto the surface of a three-dimensional substrate having conductivity. Form.

As a method for imparting conductivity to a substrate,
A thin film layer of a metal or a conductive substance may be formed in a display region on the surface of the substrate by electroless plating, a plating method such as a sputtering method, a vapor deposition method, a CVD method, or a vapor phase deposition method. May be used.

As a coating method, for example, coating can be performed by a method such as a roll coater, brush coating, dipping (dipping), screen printing, or the like.

As a method of forming a transparent electrode serving as the second electrode, a transparent electrode material of indium oxide or tin oxide such as ITO or IZO may be formed by a sputtering method, a vapor deposition method, a CVD method, or the like. Then, a resin material containing a conductive substance may be applied or formed by a coating method such as lamination.

In the display device of the present embodiment having the above configuration, for example, as shown in FIG. 2, the switch SW is closed and connected to the power source E, a voltage is applied to the electrodes 5 and 6, and the electrophoresis electric field is applied. , The migrating particles 2 move upward in the microcapsule 8 in response to the electric field, and the migrating particles 2
Is recognized through the electrode 6, a desired image can be displayed.

[0059]

EXAMPLES The display device according to the present embodiment will be described below with reference to examples and comparative examples. <Example 1> A latex balloon having high airtightness was used as a substrate having a three-dimensional shape. Then, a conductive coating was formed as a first electrode to a thickness of 10 μm by a spray method.

Charged particles: Styrene particles prepared by a dispersion polymerization method (specific gravity: 1.1 g / cm ³ ). Polyvinylpyrrolidone (positive polarity) as a charge imparting agent, E-84 manufactured by Orient Chemical
(Negative polarity) was used, and the negative polarity particles were colored black with Nippon Kayaku disperse dye Kayalon polyester S-200.

Solvent: EXXON Isopar G (specific gravity 0.75
g / cm ³ ) Capsule wall material: gelatin Emulsifier aqueous solution:
Vinyl ethyl ether maleic anhydride copolymer 3% aqueous solution White charged particles having an average particle size of 3 μm and a particle size distribution of 1.3, and an average particle size of 3 μm and a particle size distribution of 1.
The black charged particles of No. 3 and a solvent were mixed in a ratio of white charged particles: black charged particles: liquid dispersion medium = 22: 22: 45, and sufficiently dispersed by a stirrer and ultrasonic waves. This dispersion solution and distilled water to which 3% of an emulsifier was added were mixed and stirred by a stirrer to form an emulsion. During the stirring and mixing, the capsule wall material was added to obtain 100 μm microcapsules containing two kinds of charged particles and a liquid dispersion medium.
The volume ratio of the charged particles in the microcapsules was white charged particles (20%) and black charged particles (20%).

The microcapsules and a water-soluble acrylic resin as a binder were dissolved and dispersed in distilled water at a mass ratio of 2: 1.

The obtained material for the display layer was formed by a spray method so as to have a dry film thickness of 200 μm.

Next, ITO as the second electrode and RF
The film was formed to a thickness of 1 μm by sputtering. Further, an acrylic resin layer was formed by a dipping method as a protective layer.

A voltage was applied between the first electrode and the second electrode of the obtained display device, and the response of image formation to the electric field was observed. As a result, it was confirmed that the electrophoretic particles moved in accordance with the applied voltage and an image was formed.

Example 2 In Example 1, 10 g of trimethylbenzene (TMB) was used as a solvent (solvent), and a phthalocyanine dye (S
solvent Blue 70): 0.5 g, smectite (manufactured by Corp Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name: SAN) 2.5 g, dispersant (manufactured by NOF CORPORATION, trade name: Marialim) 0.5
g was dispersed and dissolved, and 1 g of titania (average particle size: 0.5 μm) was dispersed as electrophoretic particles to obtain microcapsules. Otherwise, a display element was formed and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, substantially the same results as in Example 1 were obtained.

[0067]

As described above, according to the present invention, a method of manufacturing a display device which can be applied to a display surface having a complicated shape such as a three-dimensional structure, has no display unevenness, and can be driven with low power, and a display device. An apparatus can be provided.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a state in which charged particles are dispersed in a liquid dispersion medium.

FIG. 3 is a view showing a crystal structure of smectite.

FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view showing a basic configuration of a conventional electrophoretic display device.

FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view showing a basic configuration of a conventional electrophoretic display device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Substrate 2 Electrophoretic particle 4 Liquid solvent 5 Electrode 6 Electrode 8 Microcapsule

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[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] June 1, 2001 (2001.6.1)

[Procedure amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] Claims

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

[Claims]

[Procedure amendment 2]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0010

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

[0010]

The above object is achieved by the following constitution. (1) having a first electrode on a substrate having a three-dimensional shape,
On the first electrode, a display layer containing at least a solvent and electrophoretic particles and having a display function by electrophoresis,
A display device further including a second electrode on the display layer. (2) The electrophoretic device according to the above (1), wherein the display layer has a plurality of micro regions in which at least the solvent and the electrophoretic particles are sealed. (3) The display device according to (1) or (2), wherein the minute region of the display layer is formed of a structure using microcapsules or cells. (4) The display device according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein a material that imparts thixotropic property to a dispersion containing at least a solvent and electrophoretic particles is sealed in the display layer. (5) The display device according to (4), wherein the material that imparts thixotropic properties to the dispersion is a swellable layered clay mineral. (6) The display device according to (5), wherein the swellable layered viscosity mineral is smectite. (7) The content of the swellable layered clay mineral is 0.01
The display device according to the above (5) or (6), wherein the content is up to 20% by weight. (8) The display device according to any one of (1) to (7), wherein the base has conductivity and also serves as the first electrode. (9) A method for producing the display device according to any one of the above (1) to (8), wherein the display layer is formed by a coating or spraying method.

[Procedure amendment 3]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0012

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

As described above, by dividing a portion of the display layer having a display function into minute regions, a substrate having a three-dimensional shape can be provided with a display function. Expand dramatically.

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Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A first electrode is formed on a substrate having a three-dimensional shape, a display layer having a display function by electrophoresis is formed on the first electrode, and a second electrode is formed on the display layer. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the display layer has a plurality of small regions in which at least a solvent and electrophoretic particles are sealed. 2. The micro area of the display layer is formed of a structure using microcapsules or cells.
Display device. 3. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the display layer further contains a layered clay mineral. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the display layer is formed by a coating or spraying method. 5. A display device obtained by the method according to claim 1.