JP2001164539A - Member for river bed and revetment and execution method therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a river bed block capable of protecting resources for fishes and providing a habitat for amphibians and securing a safe transfer passage for fishes and amphibians and an execution method capable of reinforcing the river bed and protecting it so as to be environment-friendly and ecologically effective while using the river bed blocks, in river bed facilities such as falling works and an erosion control dam of a river. SOLUTION: The execution method of the members for a river bed and a revetment is provided with floor blocks 1, blocks 2 for rapids in a river on which projections 21 having a course surface are formed to lead air to the upper face for aeration in water, fish nest blocks 3 having an inhabitat space 31 for fishes, a transfer passage 32 for fishes, a slanting transfer passage 33 for amphibians, and projections 35 having a course surface, and a fish pass block 4 on the surface of which an overflow portion 44 is formed and in the lower part of the surface of which a transfer passage 42 for fishes is formed, and revetment blocks 5 having one or more projections 51 having a course surface, a vegetation groove 52 at the boundary of respective projections 51, and mutually connecting rings.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

[0001] The present invention relates to riverbeds and seawalls and methods for their implementation, and more particularly to the protection of fish resources and the provision of habitats for amphibians, as well as the provision of safe transportation routes for these resources and environmental protection. The present invention relates to riverbeds and seawalls capable of gently constructing ecologically effective seawall structures, and a method of constructing riverbeds and seawalls using these materials.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art An ordinary river head is a concrete beam having a gravity planting section. In such head works, underwater concrete is usually poured by the casting method on site, but in the process, water pollution has been increased and anti-environmental problems such as damaging the habitat of river fish have been raised. In addition, scouring phenomena often occur at the lower end of the head after completion.
In particular, in the event of a flood, it may not be able to withstand the impact and may be damaged, and the need to repair or reconstruct it has been cited as a major problem.

[0003] As a part of solving the problem of the seawall facilities by such a uniform concrete casting method, seawall construction methods using seawall blocks have been tried. However, this method does not consider much about the spawning and stable habitat of river fish, and the securing of habitat for waterside plants such as pussy willows, reeds and aquatic plants, and focuses only on natural purification such as water quality improvement. The river has fallen to something without vitality.

[0004] Therefore, in the future, self-cleaning capacity and the conservation of river ecosystems will be given top priority, and riverbed protection that is constructed in a manner that is environmentally friendly and effective for ecosystems will be more demanded.

[0005] On the other hand, in the case of revetment facilities, since the hydraulic characteristics of the river facility structure and the ground connection, such as head works and sabo dams, were not considered, floods began to flow from the connection at the time of flooding, and eventually the dike collapsed. It was not uncommon for floods to occur. This is because sand and gravel on the riverbed in contact with the fixed concrete structure are vulnerable to water currents, and are easily washed away and scoured.

[0006] Accordingly, it has been necessary to pay particular attention to such a surface, and to provide revetment work that sufficiently considers both the sway resistance to the boundary between the revetment and the riverbed and the strengthening of the connection part.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for constructing a riverbed facility such as a head of a river or a sabo dam, thereby improving fish resources. Protection of rivers and stable habitats for amphibians, as well as securing a safe movement path for fish and amphibians, allowing fish and amphibians in the lower reaches of rivers to flow freely, contributing to the restoration and maintenance of river ecosystems. It is to provide a riverbed block that can be used.

[0008] It is another object of the present invention to provide a natural and environmentally friendly riverbed and seawall block that protects river ecosystems, including seawall blocks that are effective for the growth of waterside plants.

[0009] Furthermore, a floor block to be constructed on a riverbed, a sewer block constructed on the upstream and slopes of a stepped riverbed to form a stream in the water flow, a fish nest block constructed in a place where the flow of water is slow, and a flow of water. An object of the present invention is to provide a seawall block having a surface structure effective for creating a growth environment for fishway blocks and waterside plants to be installed on a riverbed that cannot be cut, and a seawall construction method using these blocks.

[0010]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a floor block having a predetermined shape, a projecting block having a projecting portion formed on an upper surface, a projecting portion formed on a surface, and an internal portion. Is a fish nest block with a space where fish can live and move, a water overflow is formed on the upper surface, a fishway block with a passage for fish etc. at the end, and a plurality of protrusions with grooves at the boundary And a revetment block, wherein each of these blocks has interconnecting means.

The rough block formed on the upper surface of the erosion block guides aeration in water, promotes the growth of microorganisms in the water, and helps water purification. Further, it is preferable to perforate a passage on which the fish and the like can move on the protruding portion. Further, the fish nest block may be provided with a planting hole for waterside plants on the upper surface or a ramp on one side of the space where amphibians come and go.

It is desirable that the fishway block has a predetermined slope at the bottom in accordance with the site of the operation, and the seawall block may have an anchor at the bottom.

In the present invention, a spun sheet is laid on the riverbed, a nonwoven fabric is laid from the boundary of the riverbed to the upper level of the embankment, a floor block is laid on a flat surface of the riverbed, and a set block is provided on the boundary between the upstream and downstream slopes. In addition, the sewer blocks will be constructed on the upper and lower slopes, and the floor block and sewer blocks will be constructed on the upstream riverbed, and at the same time the fishway blocks will be constructed on the upstream and downstream sides. Is a riverbed and seawall construction method characterized by seawall construction.

[0014] A stream block can be laminated on a floor block on the upstream riverbed side. Waterside plants can also be planted in the burrow of the fish nest block and the trench of the seawall.

[0015]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.

[0016] Floor block 1 installed on the riverbed shown in FIG.
Is made of concrete and also functions to prevent scouring of the riverbed. At the end of the front and back surfaces and at the center of both sides, there is provided a connecting ring 11 for interconnecting the set block 2, the fish nest block 3 and the fish way block 4, and is a substantially square and regular hexagonal shaped object.

The sewer block 2 shown in FIG. 2 is a concrete block which is formed on a river block mainly on an upper flat floor and on a slope so that foam is generated in a water flow. It is. It has the same shape and size as the floor block 1 and the plane, and conforms to the standard regardless of whether it is installed on the floor block 1 or on a slope. Also serves as a friendly facility.

On the upper surface of the boulder block 2, there is formed a projection 21 having a rough surface such as a natural stone and easy to promote the flow in the water. Are perforated. A connecting ring 23 for interconnecting the floor block 1, the fish nest block 3 and the fishway block 4 is provided at the end of the front and back surfaces and the center of both side surfaces.

The fish nest block 3 shown in FIG. 3 is a concrete hexahedron having a fish habitat 31 and a fish movement passage 32. On one side of the habitat space 31, a ramp 33 through which amphibians come and go is formed, and a planting hole 34 used for planting underwater plants is formed in the center of the upper surface.
A protrusion 35 similar to the protrusion 21 of the slab block 2 is formed on the surface of the portion where the moving passage 32 and the planting hole 34 are not provided on the upper surface and both side surfaces, so as to serve as a natural stone of a riverbed. Further, a connecting ring 36 connected to the floor block 1, the sewer block 2, the fishway block 4 or the lowermost revetment block 5 is provided at the lower end sides of both side surfaces.

The fishway block 4 shown in FIG. 4 has a box shape that is completely open only on the upper surface and the rear surface among the six surfaces, and the floor bottom 41 is flat and made of concrete suitable for construction of riverbeds and slopes. It is. A protruding portion 47 similar to the protruding portion 21 of the set block 2 is formed in the upper surface where the fishway is formed. On the entire upper surface, a water level of a level adapted to the movement of fish is maintained in the formed fishway, and extra water is maintained. Water overflow 44 is formed to guide the fresh water to flow to the downstream river. A moving passage 42 for fish is perforated in the lower part of the front surface, and is connected to the floor block 1, the sewer block 2 or the fish nest block 3 and the lowermost revetment block 5 on the front and rear ends and both side surfaces. It has a connecting ring 43.

A fishway block 4a according to another embodiment shown in FIG. 5 has a shape similar to that of the fishway block 4.
The floor 45 and the wall 46 are installed so that they can be installed stably at the boundary between the flat bottom of the downstream river and the lower end of the square, which is a square facing upstream.
Is formed obliquely toward the upstream side so that the floor bottom surface 41a is horizontal.

The revetment block 5 shown in FIG. 6 is made of concrete and has a radial shape. The projections 51 resembling natural stone are formed by arbitrarily dividing the surface area.
It is possible to plant a waterside plant by leaving a planting groove 52 at the boundary of, or to use it as a growth space for native waterside plants. On the left and right of the revetment block 5, there is a connecting ring 53 for interconnecting the revetment block 5 adjacent to the revetment block 5 and the floor block 1, the sewer block 2, the fish nest block 3, the fishway block 4 disposed on the waterside. I have.

The planting groove 52 has a width of 7 to 10 cm, and a gap is formed when the revetment block is connected, and the width is 10 to 15 cm.
Leads to. It can be filled with soil and planted with riparian plants to help the growth of aquatic plants, insects and microorganisms and promote river greening. The riparian aquatic belt thus created provides a habitat where amphibians and the like inhabit after inviting through the ramp 33 of the fish nest block 3.

The revetment block 5a according to another embodiment shown in FIG. 7 has an anchor 54 formed on the bottom surface and is constructed so as to be driven into the embankment, thereby improving the construction stability of the revetment block 5a with respect to the embankment. .

As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, in practice, the gradient, flow velocity, and flow rate of medium and small rivers are predicted, and the number of stacking stages and the local scouring depth according to the height of the head work are selectively calculated using a selective application formula. Based on the above, riverbed reinforcement and revetment blocks will be constructed according to the length of the upstream end and the length of the downstream tail.

First, after adjusting the boundary between the riverbed and the embankment at a site where riverbed reinforcement and revetment work is required, a spinning sheet 6 is laid on the riverbed and fish nests are formed along the boundary between the riverbed and the embankment. Block 3 is constructed.

At this time, the fish nest block 3 is
Are arranged along the riverbed to make the stream flow smoothly, so that fish in the downstream river can swim without difficulty, and the ramp 33 makes it easier for amphibians in the downstream river to climb. So that the high side goes upstream. After the fishway is constructed on the riverbed in this way, the nonwoven fabric 7 is laid from the riverbed to the upper level of the embankment to construct the seawall blocks 5 and 5a.

FIG. 10 shows an embodiment of a riverbed where the flow of water is steep. Floor block 1 is set up upstream, fish nest block 3 at the boundary between the riverbed and the slope, set block 2 at the slope, floor block 1 and set block 2 at the upstream side, and the slope and riverbed are connected to the downstream. The fishway block 4 or the fishway block 4a of another embodiment is continuously constructed at the place.

Also, seawall blocks 5,
5a is constructed. In this case, one to three fish nest blocks 3 are constructed according to the species of fish in the river and the type of amphibian.

As described above, while the floor block 1, the sewer block 2, the fish nest block 3, the fish way block 4, 4a and the seawall block 5 or 5a are constructed in this order, the connecting rings 11 opposed to each other in the front, rear, left and right directions. , 23,3
An iron "U" -shaped ring is inserted between 6, 43, and 53, and the ring is twisted or bound with a U-bolt.

FIG. 11 is a comprehensive view showing a scene in which the riverbed and the riverbank are protected and the environment is constructed in an environmentally friendly manner according to the construction sequence described with reference to FIGS.

When the construction for protecting the riverbed and riverbank is completed by such a method, the spawning of the river fish and the stable habitat are sufficiently provided by the many habitat spaces 31 formed by the fish nest blocks 3. . In addition, the ramp 33 in the habitat space 31 can contribute to the restoration of the ecosystem of the destroyed river and the activation and maintenance of the restored river ecosystem because the amphibians can easily climb and the water can freely move on the waterside of the riverbank. it can.

In addition, the fishway formed in the fishway block 4 provides a fish movement path within the water surface of a fish species that cannot jump over the water surface as well as a fry to a large fish, and lives in a stable state. It can contribute to the creation of an environment that can be used.

Further, of the rough block 2, the fish nest block 3, and the revetment block 5 having rough surfaces such as natural stones, all the projections 21, 35, 51 of the revetment block submerged in water are provided.
Plays the role of an aeration tank that disturbs the water flow in the water, promotes the supply of oxygen in the water, helps the aquatic organisms, and greatly contributes to the natural purification of water quality.

Further, the planting space 34 of the fish nest block 3 and the planting grooves 52 of the seawall blocks 5, 5a create a gentle environment for planting aquatic plants or waterside plants and making it easy to grow naturally. In particular, the soil filled in the planting trenches 52 and the assembly gaps of the seawall blocks 5, 5a can create an environment where aquatic plants and insects or microorganisms can live by being connected to the riverbank and the foundation ground of the embankment. This is an excellent condition for realizing ecosystem conservation and river greening.

In the event of a flood, the movement of debris due to debris flow from the upstream side may cause damage to the embankment and disasters due to the rise of the riverbed height of the middle and downstream rivers and the reduction of the water flow end face.
The riverbed reinforced by the floor block 1 has an excellent function of storing debris that is washed away during a flood by a sabo dam, and the water is guided to flow only in the gaps of the floor block 1, so that the middle stream of the debris flow It can also play a role in preventing flood damage in downstream rivers.

In addition, since all the constituent blocks have a swaying property and are pushed by their own weight even in the event of partial sinking downstream, further scouring can be prevented, and the tip and tail of the head work can be prevented. The scouring action caused by the water flow that occurs in the area will be provided with a structure that does not easily cause detachment or loss of the individual block.

The preferred embodiments of the riverbed and seawall according to the present invention and the method for implementing the same have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to such examples. It is obvious that those skilled in the art can conceive various changes or modifications within the scope of the technical idea described in the claims, and these naturally belong to the technical scope of the present invention. It is understood.

For example, in the above-described embodiment, an example in which a method of attaching a steel "U" -shaped ring to a connecting ring formed in advance on a block as a mutual connecting means and applying a twisting connection or a U-bolt binding method is applied. Although described above, the present invention is not limited to such an example.

[0040]

As described above in detail, according to the present invention, in the construction of riverbed facilities such as river head works and sabo dams, protection of fish resources and provision of a stable habitat for amphibians are provided. It is possible to provide a safe bed for fish and amphibians so that fish and amphibians in the lower river can flow freely, and to provide a riverbed block that can contribute to the restoration and maintenance of river ecosystems.

In addition, it is possible to provide a natural and environmentally friendly riverbed and seawalls that protect river ecosystems, including seawalls that are effective for the growth of waterside plants, and provide natural or artificial revegetation of rivers. Very useful to embody.

Further, a floor block to be constructed on a riverbed, a sewer block constructed on the upstream and slope of a stepped riverbed to form a stream in a water flow, a fish nest block constructed at a place where water flows slowly, and a flow of water are cut off. It is possible to provide a seawall block having a surface structure effective for creating a growth environment of a fishway block and a waterside plant to be installed on a riverbed having no riverbed, and a seawall construction method using these blocks.

Also, the active pseudo-aeration phenomenon caused by the protrusions of the floor block, the breeze block, the fish nest block, and the revetment block submerged in the water promotes natural purification of water quality and can be expected to have an effect of improving water quality.

In other words, this riverbed reinforcement and seawall construction method is environmentally friendly and can be said to be a reinforcement method for head works and sabo dams that have a considerably large expected value for ecological system conservation.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a floor block according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a set block (stepping stone block).

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a fish nest block.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a fishway block.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a fishway block according to another embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a revetment block.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a revetment block according to another embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a construction example diagram of a revetment block connected to a fish nest block.

FIG. 9 is a sectional view of FIG.

[Fig. 10] Floor block, sewer block, fish nest block,
It is sectional drawing of the riverbed which shows the example of construction of a fishway block.

FIG. 11 is a comprehensive perspective view of a riverbed protection and revetment construction example according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Floor block 2 Set block (stepping stone block) 3 Fish, nest block 4,4a Fishway block 5,5a Seawall block 11,23,36,43,53 Connecting ring 21,35,47,51 Projecting part 22,32,42 Moving passages for fish 33 Amphibian ramps 34 Planting space for waterside plants 52 Planting ditches for waterside plants

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. A floor block having a predetermined shape, a set block having a projection formed on an upper surface, and a projection formed on a surface,
Inside is a fish nest block with a space where fish can inhabit and move, a water overflow block formed on the upper surface, a fishway block with a passage for fish etc. at the end, and a plurality of protrusions with grooves at the boundary. And a revetment block, wherein each block has interconnecting means. 2. A moving passage for fish or the like is formed on the projecting portion of the current block.
Riverbed and revetment material as described. 3. The riverbed and revetment member according to claim 1, wherein the fish nest block has a planting hole for waterside plants on an upper surface. 4. The riverbed and seawall according to claim 1, wherein a bottom surface of the fishway block has a predetermined inclination. 5. The riverbed and revetment member according to claim 1, wherein the fish nest block is formed with a slope on one side of the space where the amphibian moves. 6. The riverbed and seawall member according to claim 1, wherein an anchor is formed on a bottom surface of the seawall. 7. A spinning sheet is laid on the riverbed, a nonwoven fabric is laid from the boundary of the riverbed to the upper level of the embankment, a floor block is laid on a flat surface of the riverbed, and a set block is laid on the boundary between the upstream and downstream slopes, On the upstream and downstream slopes, sewer blocks will be constructed. On the upstream riverbed, floor blocks and sewer blocks will be constructed, and at the same time fishway blocks will be constructed on the upstream and downstream sides.
A riverbed and seawall construction method, comprising applying seawall blocks on a nonwoven fabric on the riverbank. 8. The riverbed and revetment construction method according to claim 7, wherein a set block is laminated on the floor block on the upstream riverbed side. 9. A waterside plant is planted in a planting hole of the fish nest block and a trench of the seawall block.
Riverbed and revetment construction method described.