JP2000288346A - Method for removing harmful substance from combustion gas and apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To remove organic chloride compounds and nitrogen oxides from a combustion gas discharged out of a plant or the like, simplify the structure of an apparatus for removal, lower the cost, and make the installation of an apparatus easy. SOLUTION: In the flow route for discharging a combustion gas to the outside, a secondary combustion chamber 8 is formed to burn an incombustible gas and to carry out dechlorination of an organic chloride compound. A burnt gas is cooled to 200-300 deg.C in a cooling chamber 5 formed in succession is passed through a filter 6a of a ceramic activated carbon to which minus ion water is sprayed to form hydrochloric acid by bonding chloride ion in the resultant gas with hydrogen ion in the minus ion water and to prevent rebonding of chlorine and benzene and the hydrochloric acid and benzene are recovered and then photocatalytically and electrolytically decomposed into ashes, water, and carbon dioxide gas. Alternatively, a nitrogen oxide in a gas is passed through the filter 6a of a ceramic activated carbon to be decomposed into nitrogen and carbon dioxide and then the resultant gas is discharged.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to harmful substances such as organochlorine compounds and nitrogen oxides in combustion gas such as exhaust gas from incinerators and automobiles installed in cleaning factories, various factories and various schools. The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for removing harmful substances from combustion gas by removing components to make them harmless.

[0002]

[Prior Art] Incineration plants, various factories, various schools, etc.
To dispose of oversized garbage and other generated garbage,
Also, schools and the like are provided with incinerators for easy and economical treatment, and have been frequently used.

[0003]

However, in recent years, highly toxic organochlorine compounds have been discovered in the ash of these incinerators, and once contaminated land has been generated by the generation of organochlorine compounds, a treatment method for restoring the land has been found. Has not been discovered, and its effects on the human body are worried as a result. On the other hand, garbage and the like are produced every day and cannot be left without incineration. In the above factories and the like, nitrogen oxides and the like are emitted in addition to the organic chlorine compounds as in the case of automobiles. Furthermore, exhaust gas emitted from automobiles also contains many harmful substances such as nitrogen oxides. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the government, local governments, and private companies to respond appropriately to harmful substances including organic chlorine compounds. However, appropriate measures have not yet been taken in terms of cost and technical aspects.

The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and removes organic chlorine compounds and nitrogen oxides from combustion gas discharged from factories and the like, and has a simple structure.
An object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus which are low in cost and simple in installation and solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0005]

Accordingly, the invention of claim 1 is to provide a secondary incineration chamber in a path for discharging combustion gas to the outside air to burn non-combustible gas to separate chlorine in an organic chlorine compound. Then, the temperature of the gas combusted in the provided cooling chamber is lowered to 200 to 300 degrees, and the gas is passed through a filter made of ceramic activated carbon sprayed with negative ion water, and the chlorine in the gas is reduced. The hydrogen ions in the above-mentioned negative ion water are combined with the product ions to form hydrochloric acid, thereby preventing recombination of chlorine and benzene.These hydrochloric acids and benzene are collected and converted into ash, water, and carbon dioxide by photocatalysis and electrolysis, and Passing nitrogen oxides in the combustion gas through a filter made of the ceramic activated carbon to remove nitrogen and carbon dioxide and remove harmful substances from the combustion gas It was the way.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, a substantially cylindrical apparatus main body is provided in a vertical form, and a residue storage chamber is provided at a bottom portion of the apparatus main body.
A combustion gas intake port is provided on one side above the residue storage chamber, and a secondary incineration chamber is provided in front of the combustion gas intake port,
A cooling chamber is provided above the combustion gas intake, a filter made of ceramic activated carbon is provided above the cooling chamber, a sprayer of negative ion water is provided above the cooling chamber, and an exhaust fan is provided at the top of the cooling chamber. A discharge pipe for discharging the residue from one side of the chamber was provided, and a photocatalyst chamber and an electrolysis chamber were provided at the other end of the discharge pipe.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, a secondary incineration chamber is provided in a path for discharging combustion gas to the outside air to burn incombustible gas to separate chlorine in an organic chlorine compound, and to be provided subsequently. The gas burned in the cooling chamber was cooled to a temperature of 200 to 300 ° C., and the gas was passed through a filter made of ceramic activated carbon sprayed with negative ion water. To prevent recombination of chlorine and benzene.These hydrochloric acid and benzene are collected and converted to ash, water, and carbon dioxide by photocatalysis and electrolysis. By passing the nitrogen oxides in the combustion gas and converting them to nitrogen and carbon dioxide and discharging, and cooling the entire apparatus except for the secondary incineration chamber, the combustion gas And the method for removing harmful substances.

[0008]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. The apparatus main body 1 of the present invention comprises a cylindrical apparatus main body 1 provided in a stainless steel vertical type,
A combustion gas intake port 2 is provided on one side of a lower portion of the apparatus main body 1, and an exhaust port 3 is provided on an uppermost part of the apparatus main body 1. When the inside of the apparatus main body 1 is largely divided, a residue storage chamber 4,
A cooling room 5, a clean room 6, and an exhaust room 7 are provided. In a stage before the inlet 2, the surroundings are surrounded by the heat rays 8a,
As shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of pipes 8b made of ceramic activated carbon are bundled side by side, and a secondary incineration chamber 8 for passing the combustion gas discharged therein is provided therein. .

The cooling chamber 5 provided above the intake port 2 of the apparatus main body 1 has three layers of radiator-like tubes 5a in which cooling water is circulated in a horizontal direction, and a cleaning chamber further provided thereabove. 6 is provided with a ceramic activated carbon filter 6a formed by bundling a plurality of tubes made of the ceramic activated carbon shown in FIG. 3 in the vertical direction in three stages, and on the upper surface of the ceramic activated carbon filter 6a on the top floor, A carbon linear activated carbon 6b is provided for deodorization. Further, a spray port 6c of negative ion water connected to the negative ion generator 6d is provided further above, and an exhaust fan 7a is provided in an exhaust chamber 7 provided at the uppermost portion. The bottom of the apparatus main body 1 is a residue storage chamber 4 for liquid or the like containing soot and the like that falls from above inside the apparatus main body 1.

A tube 4a extends from one side of the residue storage chamber 4 to the outside, and a photocatalyst chamber 9 is provided ahead of the tube 4a. An appropriate number of fluorescent lamps for generating light are provided, and a nonwoven fabric filter is provided at the outlet of the photocatalyst chamber 9. Further, the tube 4a extending from the photocatalyst chamber 9 continues on the way to the electrolysis chamber 10 via the pump 4b, and is further connected to the storage tank 11 from the electrolysis chamber 10. The storage tank 11 is connected to a closed pipe line 11a that circulates cooling water by a pump 11b around the entire periphery of the cylindrical device main body 1, and constantly cools the entire device main body 1. Further, both ends of the pipe 5a circulated inside the cooling chamber 5 inside the apparatus main body 1 are extended to a heat exchange system 12 provided outside the apparatus main body 1, and constantly circulate cooling water (in the figure). The dashed line → or ← indicates the flow of cooling water.)

Here, the above-mentioned ceramic activated carbon will be described in detail. In short, this ceramic activated carbon is obtained by burning ceramic, activated carbon, and metal in an oxygen-free state as described above. This ceramic activated carbon always generates a negative voltage of 0.2 to 0.3 V when it comes into contact with water.
A current of 0 microA is generated. As the above-mentioned ceramic activated carbon, for example, tourmaline, Niijima feldspar, and metal
２０20%, further carbon material 10１０〜40%, ceramic material 50５０70% are added and mixed, and the resulting ceramic activated carbon mixture is formed into a tube and fired in an oxygen-free state. is there. As another example, 5 to 20% of water is added to 0.1 to 3% of tourmaline, Niijima feldspar and metal, 10 to 40% of carbon material is added, and 50 to 70% of ceramic material is added and mixed. Then, the resulting ceramic activated carbon mixture is formed into a tubular shape and fired at 1,150 to 1,280 degrees in an oxygen-free state. Examples of the metal to be mixed include silver, titanium, iron, iron oxide, and radium ore. Examples of the ceramic material include frog eye clay, kibushi clay, bentonite, and the like.

Next, a method for removing organic chlorine compounds (such as dioxins) and nitrogen oxides (nitrogen monoxide NO, nitrogen dioxide NO ₂ ) and the like from the combustion gas using the apparatus main body 1 will be described. By suction of the exhaust fan 7a provided at the uppermost part of the apparatus main body 1, an organic chlorine compound, a hydrocarbon,
Send black combustion gas containing harmful substances such as nitrogen oxides (indicated by ↑ in the figure). Here, approximately 1,200
When the combustion gas is passed through the heated ceramic activated carbon pipe 8b, benzene (fly ash, soot) forming dioxin, which is a noncombustible gas in the combustion gas, is burned. Even if not completely burned, dioxin is decomposed into benzene and chloride ions. At this stage, 80% to 90% of the dioxin in the nonflammable gas is removed.
Thereafter, the decomposed benzene and chloride ions in the combustion gas are sent from the secondary incineration chamber 8 into the inside of the apparatus main body 1. At this stage, the color is almost colorless and the temperature is about 500.
Degrees to 600 degrees. Then, while passing through the upper cooling chamber 5 consisting of three layers of tubes, the combustion gas
The temperature is cooled down to 300 degrees.

In the cleaning chamber 6, an upper spray port 6 is provided.
c, the negative ion water is sprayed toward the ceramic activated carbon filter 6a below, and the fine particles of the sprayed negative ion water or these fine particles are condensed to form water droplets and fall from above, and the ceramic activated carbon is dropped. By infiltrating the ceramic activated carbon of the filter 6a, a voltage of 0.2 to 0.3 V and a current of 20 μA are generated in the ceramic activated carbon, and further generate negative ions. Thus, the cleaning chamber 6 has a negative ion atmosphere.

In such a state, the combustion gas transferred from the cooling chamber 5 is cooled to 200 to 300 degrees as described above, and benzene and chloride ions in the combustion gas recombine. While passing through the inside of the activated carbon filter 6a of the clean room 6, the chloride ions in the combustion gas are more likely to form dioxin than the benzene constituting dioxin. Hydrochloric acid (HCL) is strongly associated with ions
And the benzene (nucleus) that could not recombine with the chloride ion becomes soot and falls and accumulates in the lower residue storage chamber 4 respectively (↓ in the figure indicates falling hydrochloric acid, soot, etc.) ). Further, other substances constituting the organic chlorine compound are harmless substances such as carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) and are discharged from the exhaust port 3.

The mixed liquid of hydrochloric acid and soot accumulated in the residue storage chamber 4 at the bottom of the apparatus main body 1 is sucked by the pump 4 b provided outside the apparatus main body 1 and sent to the photocatalyst chamber 9. Here, benzene is converted to water (H
₂ O) and carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ). Benzene (soot) remaining without being decomposed even by the photocatalyst is recovered by a nonwoven fabric filter provided. The remaining hydrochloric acid (HCL) is electrolyzed into hydrogen ions and chloride ions in the next electrolysis chamber 10, and chlorine is stored at the anode and hydrogen is stored at the cathode. After the electrolysis, the neutralized liquid is sent to the storage tank 11 and used as cooling water for the cooling pipe 11a circulating through the apparatus main body 1.

Nitrogen oxides (NOX) discharged from the combustion gas are discharged to the ceramic activated carbon filter 6 in the cleaning section.
a and nitrogen (N ₂ ) and carbon dioxide (CO ₂ )
And is discharged from the uppermost exhaust port 3.

If the apparatus of this embodiment is used, the organic chlorine compound generated from the incinerator is subjected to secondary incineration,
It is decomposed into chloride ions and benzene to prevent recombination into dioxin, and is ionically bonded to hydrogen ions in negative ion water to form harmless substances. That is, chloride ions and benzene are converted into soot or fly ash with hydrochloric acid to prevent the generation of organic chlorine compounds, and can be made reliably, simply and at low cost. Also, at the time of installation, it is only necessary to extend the chimney of an existing incinerator and connect this device to the end thereof, and the installation can be easily performed. In addition to organic chlorine compounds,
The generation of nitrogen oxides can be surely prevented.
Furthermore, hydrochloric acid and benzene accumulated in the residue storage quality can be safely and effectively disposed of, and the processing solution can be reused as cooling water. Finally, harmless nitrogen and carbon dioxide are discharged from the discharge port, so that harmful substances are not taken out of the apparatus and can be used safely in various schools. Since the carbon linear activated carbon is installed on the upper surface of the filter made of ceramic activated carbon, the discharged gas has no odor.

In the above embodiment, the secondary incinerator 8
Is a hot wire 8a and a tube 8b of ceramic activated carbon, but the configuration of the secondary incineration chamber 8 is not limited to this. Further, a cooling pipe line 11a for cooling the entire apparatus body 1
Is provided all around the apparatus main body 1, but it may not be provided. In addition, the ceramic activated carbon filter 6a is provided in three layers, but is not limited to three layers.
Although the way of providing the pipe 5a of the cooling chamber 5 inside the apparatus main body 1 is formed in a radiator shape, it is not limited to this. Although the apparatus main body 1 is made of stainless steel, the material is not limited to this.

[0019]

According to the first and second aspects of the present invention,
A secondary incineration chamber is provided to recombust non-combustible gas to decompose organic chlorine compounds into chloride ions and benzene, and then convert chloride ions into hydrochloric acid by ionic bonding with hydrogen ions in negative ion water. Therefore, recombination of chloride ions and benzene can be reliably prevented, and generation of an organic chlorine compound can be reliably prevented. Also, since no harmful substances are emitted to the outside of the device, it is extremely safe to use it in schools and the like. Further, the apparatus is not complicated, the cost is low, and the maintenance is easy. In addition to organic chlorine compounds, other harmful substances such as nitrogen oxides can be effectively prevented from being generated.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, in addition to the effects of the first and second aspects of the present invention, a cooling water channel circulating around the apparatus except for the secondary incineration chamber is provided. The device is always cold and can be used for a long time, and is economical.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of a plurality of tubes made of ceramic activated carbon bundled side by side in a secondary incinerator according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of a ceramic activated carbon filter in a clean room according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Device main body 2 Combustion gas intake 4 Residue storage room 5 Cooling room 6 Clean room 6a Ceramic activated carbon filter 7a Exhaust fan 8 Secondary incineration room 9 Photocatalyst room 10 Electrolysis room

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) F23G 7/06 ZAB F23G 7/06 104 104 B01D 53/34 ZAB F-term (Reference) 3K078 AA08 AA10 BA24 BA26 CA02 CA24 4D002 AA12 AA21 AC04 AC10 BA05 BA08 BA09 BA13 CA07 CA13 CA20 DA41 DA44 DA47 DA70 EA02 GA01 GA02 GB03 GB08 GB20 HA03 4G066 AA02A AA05B AA14D AA27A AA63A AA64A AA66A AA72B BA42 CA28 CA03 A08 A03 A08 A03 A08 A03 A08 A03 A08 A03 A08 A03 A08 A03 A08 A03 A08 A03 A08 BA16B BA16C BA48A BA48C BB04B BB04C BC14A BC14B BC14C BC32A BC32B BC32C BC50A BC50B BC50C BC66A BC66B BC66C CA02 CA07 CA08 CA10 CA13 CA14 CA15 CA17 CA19 DA05 EA02Y FB66 FB79 FC02

Claims (3)

[Claims] In a path for discharging combustion gas to the outside air, a secondary incineration chamber is provided to burn incombustible gas to separate chlorine in an organic chlorine compound, and then to burn in a cooling chamber provided. Filter made of ceramic activated carbon (hereinafter referred to as "ceramic activated carbon") formed by firing ceramics, activated carbon, and metal in an oxygen-free state by spraying a gas whose temperature has been lowered to 200 to 300 degrees with negative ion water. Through which hydrogen ions in the above-mentioned negative ion water are combined with chloride ions in the above-mentioned gas to form hydrochloric acid, thereby preventing recombination of chlorine and benzene, and recovering these hydrochloric acid and benzene to produce a photocatalyst and electrolysis. Ash, water and carbon dioxide gas, and pass the oxides of nitrogen from the combustion gas through a filter made of the above-mentioned ceramic activated carbon. A method for removing harmful substances from combustion gas, characterized in that the harmful substances are discharged. 2. A substantially cylindrical apparatus main body is provided vertically, a residue storage chamber is provided at the bottom of the apparatus main body, and a combustion gas intake port is provided on one side above the residue storage chamber. A secondary incineration chamber is provided in front of the mouth, a cooling chamber is provided above the combustion gas intake, a filter made of ceramic activated carbon is provided above the cooling chamber, and a sprayer of negative ion water is provided above the cooling chamber. An exhaust fan is provided at the top, a discharge pipe for discharging the residue from one side of the residue storage chamber is provided, and a photocatalyst chamber and an electrolysis chamber are provided at the other end of the discharge pipe. Equipment to remove harmful substances. 3. In a path for discharging combustion gas to the outside air, a secondary incineration chamber is provided to burn incombustible gas to separate chlorine in the organic chlorine compound, and then to burn in a cooling room provided. The gas whose temperature has been lowered to 200 to 300 degrees is passed through a filter made of ceramic activated carbon sprayed with negative ion water, and hydrogen ions in the negative ion water are combined with chloride ions in the gas. Hydrochloric acid to prevent recombination of chlorine and benzene,
The hydrochloric acid and benzene are collected and converted to ash, water, and carbon dioxide by photocatalysis and electrolysis, and nitrogen oxides in the combustion gas are passed through a filter made of the above-mentioned ceramic activated carbon to be converted to nitrogen and carbon dioxide and discharged. And removing the harmful substances from the combustion gas by cooling the entire apparatus except for the secondary incineration chamber.