ITVI20090003A1 - METHOD OF PURIFICATION OF WASTEWATER AND INSTALLATION OF THIS METHOD - Google Patents
METHOD OF PURIFICATION OF WASTEWATER AND INSTALLATION OF THIS METHOD Download PDFInfo
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- ITVI20090003A1 ITVI20090003A1 IT000003A ITVI20090003A ITVI20090003A1 IT VI20090003 A1 ITVI20090003 A1 IT VI20090003A1 IT 000003 A IT000003 A IT 000003A IT VI20090003 A ITVI20090003 A IT VI20090003A IT VI20090003 A1 ITVI20090003 A1 IT VI20090003A1
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- Prior art keywords
- separation
- waste water
- solid parts
- plant
- residual
- Prior art date
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- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 title claims description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 30
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims description 27
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003311 flocculating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011044 quartzite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012245 magnesium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014593 oils and fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/38—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by centrifugal separation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/40—Devices for separating or removing fatty or oily substances or similar floating material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/463—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrocoagulation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/465—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electroflotation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/54—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
- C02F1/56—Macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/68—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water
- C02F1/685—Devices for dosing the additives
- C02F1/688—Devices in which the water progressively dissolves a solid compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
Description
METODO DI DEPURAZIONE DELLE ACQUE REFLUE ED IMPIANTO ATTO A REALIZZARE TALE METODO. WASTEWATER PURIFICATION METHOD AND PLANT TO REALIZE THIS METHOD.
DESCRIZIONE DESCRIPTION
La presente invenzione è relativa ad un metodo di depurazione delle acque reflue contenenti residui sia organici sia inorganici, particolarmente ma non esclusivamente indicato per le acque reflue provenienti dagli impianti industriali. The present invention relates to a method of purifying waste water containing both organic and inorganic residues, particularly but not exclusively indicated for waste water from industrial plants.
La presente invenzione è relativa altresì ad un impianto di depurazione delle acque reflue atto a realizzare tale metodo. The present invention also relates to a waste water purification plant suitable for carrying out this method.
È noto che le acque reflue provenienti dagli impianti industriali contengono una notevole quantità di sostanze inquinanti come coloranti, per quanto concerne le acque provenienti dalle industrie tessili, oppure solfati, cloruri, oli e grassi per quanto concerne le acque provenienti dall'industria zootecnica. It is known that wastewater from industrial plants contains a considerable amount of pollutants such as dyes, as regards water from the textile industries, or sulphates, chlorides, oils and fats as regards water from the livestock industry.
Tali acque devono essere depurate mediante impianti aventi caratteristiche specifiche, a seconda del tipo di inquinante che devono trattare. These waters must be purified by means of plants with specific characteristics, depending on the type of pollutant they must treat.
Gli impianti di depurazione di tipo noto presentano però alcuni inconvenienti. However, known type purification plants have some drawbacks.
Un primo inconveniente è relativo aH’utilizzo di enzimi e batteri negli impianti di depurazione biologica che implica un preciso controllo della temperatura del processo di depurazione stesso. Tale controllo, che viene effettuato tramite termostati o altri sistemi, è spesso di difficile attuazione e comporta la difficoltà di mantenere costante la temperatura di esercizio. A first drawback is related to the use of enzymes and bacteria in biological purification plants which implies a precise control of the temperature of the purification process itself. This control, which is carried out by means of thermostats or other systems, is often difficult to implement and involves the difficulty of keeping the operating temperature constant.
Un ulteriore inconveniente degli impianti di depurazione di tipo noto è dovuta al loro rendimento non sempre ottimale, per cui le sostanze inquinanti rimangono spesso ancora presenti nelle acque, talvolta in quantità elevata anche dopo la depurazione. A further drawback of known types of purification plants is due to their performance which is not always optimal, so that the polluting substances often still remain present in the water, sometimes in high quantities even after purification.
Scopo della presente invenzione è superare i suddetti inconvenienti. In particolare, scopo principale della presente invenzione è realizzare un metodo per la depurazione delle acque reflue ed un impianto atto a realizzare tale metodo che eviti la necessità di controllare la temperatura durante il processo di depurazione delle acque stesse. Ulteriore scopo della presente invenzione è realizzare un metodo per la depurazione delle acque reflue che ottimizzi il rendimento dell’impianto che utilizza tale metodo, The object of the present invention is to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks. In particular, the main object of the present invention is to provide a method for purifying the waste water and a plant suitable for carrying out this method which avoids the need to control the temperature during the water purification process. A further purpose of the present invention is to create a method for the purification of waste water that optimizes the performance of the plant using this method,
I suddetti scopi sono raggiunti dalla presente invenzione relativa ad un metodo per la depurazione delle acque reflue le cui caratteristiche principali sono in accordo con gli insegnamenti della prima rivendicazione. The above objects are achieved by the present invention relating to a method for purifying waste water whose main characteristics are in accordance with the teachings of the first claim.
I suddetti scopi sono altresì raggiunti dalla presente invenzione relativa ad un impianto per la depurazione delle acque reflue atto a realizzare tale metodo, le cui caratteristiche principali sono in accordo con gli insegnamenti della ottava rivendicazione. The aforesaid objects are also achieved by the present invention relating to a plant for the purification of waste water suitable for carrying out this method, the main characteristics of which are in accordance with the teachings of the eighth claim.
Vantaggiosamente il metodo di depurazione secondo la presente invenzione è più facile da gestire ed inoltre consente una migliore qualità della depurazione. Advantageously, the purification method according to the present invention is easier to manage and furthermore allows a better purification quality.
Ancora vantaggiosamente, in base a quanto verrà descritto più avanti, l’impianto di depurazione secondo la presente invenzione presenta caratteristiche tali da poter essere ridotto a dimensioni sufficientemente piccole da poter essere trasportabile. Still advantageously, based on what will be described later, the purification plant according to the present invention has characteristics such that it can be reduced to sufficiently small dimensions to be transportable.
Ancora vantaggiosamente l'impianto secondo la presente invenzione può essere dimensionato a seconda delle esigenze del cliente. Still advantageously, the plant according to the present invention can be sized according to the customer's needs.
I suddetti scopi e vantaggi saranno meglio evidenziati durante la descrizione di una preferita forma esecutiva, che viene data a titolo indicativo ma non limitativo, con riferimento alle tavole di disegno allegate in cui: The aforementioned purposes and advantages will be better highlighted during the description of a preferred embodiment, which is given by way of indication but not of limitation, with reference to the attached drawing tables in which:
- la fig. 1 mostra il diagramma a blocchi del metodo di depurazione secondo la presente invenzione; - fig. 1 shows the block diagram of the purification method according to the present invention;
- la fig. 2 mostra una vista d’insieme dell’impianto di depurazione secondo la presente invenzione; - fig. 2 shows an overall view of the purification plant according to the present invention;
- la fig. 3 mostra una vista schematica che illustra un particolare dell’impianto di fig. 2; - fig. 3 shows a schematic view that illustrates a detail of the plant in fig. 2;
- la fig. 4 mostra una vista schematica che illustra un ulteriore particolare dell’impianto di fig. 2; - fig. 4 shows a schematic view that illustrates a further detail of the system of fig. 2;
- la fig. 5 mostra una vista schematica che illustra un ulteriore particolare dell’impianto di fig. 2; - fig. 5 shows a schematic view that illustrates a further detail of the system of fig. 2;
- la fig. 6 mostra una vista in pianta del particolare di fig. 5; - fig. 6 shows a plan view of the detail of fig. 5;
- la fig. 7 mostra un vista schematica che illustra un ulteriore particolare dell’impianto di fig. 2. - fig. 7 shows a schematic view that illustrates a further detail of the system of fig. 2.
Il metodo di depurazione secondo la presente invenzione viene qui descritto facendo riferimento alla fig. 1 che ne rappresenta un diagramma a blocchi della sequenza delle fasi. The purification method according to the present invention is described here with reference to fig. 1 which represents a block diagram of the sequence of the phases.
Schematicamente le operazioni del metodo illustrato in fig. 1 sono le seguenti: Schematically, the operations of the method illustrated in fig. 1 are the following:
- raccogliere le acque reflue in un corpo collettore; - collect the waste water in a collector body;
- effettuare una prima separazione delle parti solide presenti nelle acque reflue; - carry out a first separation of the solid parts present in the waste water;
- effettuare una seconda separazione mediante flocculazione delle parti solide residuali presenti nelle acque reflue dopo la prima separazione; - carry out a second separation by flocculating the residual solid parts present in the waste water after the first separation;
- effettuare una terza separazione mediante trattamento elettromagnetochimico delle parti solide residuali presenti nelle acque reflue dopo la seconda separazione; - carry out a third separation by means of electretochemical treatment of the residual solid parts present in the waste water after the second separation;
- effettuare una quarta separazione mediante filtropressatura meccanica delle parti solide residuali presenti nelle acque reflue dopo la terza separazione; - carry out a fourth separation by mechanical filter pressing of the residual solid parts present in the waste water after the third separation;
raccogliere le parti provenienti dalle separazioni precedenti; collect the parts from previous separations;
- inertizzare le parti solide raccolte. - inerting the solid parts collected.
Il metodo suddetto viene realizzato tramite l'impianto rappresentato in fig. 2 e nei particolari delle figg. da 3 a 7. The aforesaid method is carried out by means of the plant represented in fig. 2 and in the details of figs. 3 to 7.
Come si osserva nella vista d’insieme di fig. 2, l'impianto di depurazione secondo l’invenzione, indicato complessivamente con I, comprende: As can be seen in the overall view of fig. 2, the purification plant according to the invention, indicated as a whole with I, includes:
una vasca 1 di raccolta delle acque reflue; a tank 1 for collecting the waste water;
- un filtro centrifugo 2; - a centrifugal filter 2;
- un depuratore 3; - a purifier 3;
- un coagulatore 4; - a coagulator 4;
- una pluralità di filtropresse 5; - a plurality of filter presses 5;
- una centrifuga 6. - a centrifuge 6.
In particolare, la vasca 1 di raccolta è provvista di un miscelatore 1a immerso nelle acque reflue in essa raccolte. Esso provvede a miscelare tali acque e, tramite un sistema di pompaggio, a convogliarle al filtro centrifugo 2, schematizzato in fig. 3. In particular, the collection tank 1 is provided with a mixer 1a immersed in the waste water collected therein. It mixes these waters and, by means of a pumping system, conveys them to the centrifugal filter 2, shown schematically in fig. 3.
Come si vede dalla fig. 3, il filtro centrifugo 2 comprende una condotta 2a di adduzione delle acque reflue provenienti dalla vasca 1 ed effettua una prima separazione meccanica delle parti solide delle acque reflue ricevute. As can be seen from fig. 3, the centrifugal filter 2 comprises a duct 2a for feeding the waste water coming from the tank 1 and carries out a first mechanical separation of the solid parts of the received waste water.
Il filtro centrifugo 2 è a disco orizzontale e ruota su un asse verticale fino a raggiungere una velocità preferenziale di 6.000 giri/min e, tramite una pluralità di membrane 7 di tipo coniforme e a grandezza variabile, provvede a filtrare le parti solide presenti nelle acque. The centrifugal filter 2 has a horizontal disc and rotates on a vertical axis until it reaches a preferential speed of 6,000 rpm and, by means of a plurality of membranes 7 of coniform type and variable size, filters the solid parts present in the water.
Il filtro centrifugo 2, essendo a disco orizzontale, presenta il vantaggio di rimanere sempre in asse durante il funzionamento e di non necessitare di interruzioni periodiche di servizio, a differenza dei filtri centrifughi di tipo noto. The centrifugal filter 2, being a horizontal disc, has the advantage of always remaining in axis during operation and of not requiring periodic service interruptions, unlike known centrifugal filters.
Le membrane a grandezza variabile consentono vantaggiosamente il trattenimento di parti solide di dimensioni diverse tra di loro. Variable-sized membranes advantageously allow the retention of solid parts of different sizes.
Le parti solide ottenute con tale prima separazione meccanica vengono scaricate lungo le direzioni indicate con X e convogliate verso il depuratore 3; le parti solide invece vengono fatte fuoriuscire lungo le direzioni Y per essere convogliate direttamente verso la centrifuga 6 per l’inertizzazione. The solid parts obtained with this first mechanical separation are discharged along the directions indicated with X and conveyed towards the purifier 3; the solid parts, on the other hand, are made to come out along the Y directions to be conveyed directly to the centrifuge 6 for inertization.
Il depuratore 3, visibile schematicamente in fig. 4, è costituito da un recipiente 8 centrale e da due sostegni 9 laterali. The purifier 3, schematically visible in fig. 4, consists of a central container 8 and two lateral supports 9.
Le acque reflue provenienti dal filtro centrifugo 2 vengono convogliate tramite mezzi di pompaggio 10 e lungo una linea di carico 11 verso il depuratore 3. The waste water coming from the centrifugal filter 2 is conveyed by means of pumping means 10 and along a loading line 11 towards the purifier 3.
Nel depuratore 3 avviene una seconda separazione meccanica delle parti solide provenienti dal filtro centrifugo 2, le quali vengono poi scaricate in un serbatoio 12 esterno al depuratore 3. In the purifier 3 a second mechanical separation of the solid parts coming from the centrifugal filter 2 takes place, which are then discharged into a tank 12 external to the purifier 3.
Le acque reflue residuali da tale seconda separazione meccanica vengono invece scaricate in un serbatoio 13 anch’esso esterno al depuratore 3. The residual waste water from this second mechanical separation is instead discharged into a tank 13 which is also external to the purifier 3.
Osservando il particolare di fig. 5, notiamo che il depuratore 3 è provvisto di una tubazione 14 di adduzione delle acque, le quali vengono convogliate all’interno di canali 15 tramite ugelli 16. Observing the detail of fig. 5, we note that the purifier 3 is equipped with a pipeline 14 for the supply of water, which is conveyed inside channels 15 through nozzles 16.
Successivamente a tale seconda separazione meccanica, le parti solide raccolte vengono scaricate tramite le condotte 21 verso la centrifuga 6 per l’inertizzazione. Le acque residuali vengono invece scaricate tramite le tubazioni 22 per essere convogliate verso un coagulatore 4. After this second mechanical separation, the solid parts collected are discharged through the pipes 21 towards the centrifuge 6 for inertization. The residual waters are instead discharged through the pipes 22 to be conveyed towards a coagulator 4.
Notiamo sempre in fig. 5 che all’interno del recipiente 8 è presente anche un sistema di ricircolo delle acque, indicato con 23, e che il recipiente 8 presenta un fondo tronco-conico 24. We always note in fig. 5 that inside the container 8 there is also a water recirculation system, indicated with 23, and that the container 8 has a truncated conical bottom 24.
Come accennato in precedenza, le acque reflue residuali da tale seconda separazione meccanica vengono convogliate verso un coagulatone 4, che effettua una terza separazione delle parti solide delle acque reflue provenienti dal depuratore 3. As previously mentioned, the residual waste water from this second mechanical separation is conveyed towards a coagulatone 4, which carries out a third separation of the solid parts of the waste water coming from the purifier 3.
Tale terza separazione viene effettuata mediante un trattamento elettromagnetochimico secondo la tecnica nota, il quale consiste nella creazione di un nuovo campo elettrico tale da aggregare gli ioni delle parti solide inquinanti ancora presenti in soluzione e residuali dalla seconda separazione. This third separation is carried out by means of an electretochemical treatment according to the known technique, which consists in the creation of a new electric field such as to aggregate the ions of the polluting solid parts still present in solution and residual from the second separation.
A tale proposito, è da sottolineare che il trattamento elettromagnetochimico sopra citato si rivela necessario particolarmente nel caso dei reflui provenienti dall'industria galvanica. Le parti solide vengono poi espulse tramite il canale 28 e convogliate verso la centrifuga 6, mentre le acque depurate vengono convogliate tramite il canale 29 verso una pluralità di filtropresse 5, che realizzano una quarta separazione di tipo meccanico. In this regard, it should be emphasized that the above-mentioned electreto-chemical treatment is particularly necessary in the case of wastewater from the galvanic industry. The solid parts are then expelled through the channel 28 and conveyed towards the centrifuge 6, while the purified waters are conveyed through the channel 29 towards a plurality of filter presses 5, which carry out a fourth mechanical separation.
Le filtropresse 5 sono costituite da filtri di tipo noto presentanti setti in quarzite e carbone attivo, le quali trattengono le poche parti solide ormai rimaste presenti nelle acque depurate provenienti dal coagulatore 4. In particolare, i carboni attivi presenti nei suddetti setti hanno la funzione di adsorbire i tensioattivi. The filter presses 5 consist of filters of the known type having quartzite and activated carbon septae, which retain the few solid parts now remaining in the purified water coming from the coagulator 4. In particular, the active carbons present in the aforementioned septa have the function of adsorb surfactants.
Infine, una centrifuga 6 automatica a ciclo continuo raccoglie le parti solide provenienti dalle separazioni precedenti vengono rese inerti utilizzando prodotti chimici inertizzanti di tipo noto. Finally, an automatic continuous cycle centrifuge 6 collects the solid parts coming from the previous separations and rendered inert using known inerting chemical products.
Con riferimento alla fig. 5 e in accordo con la presente invenzione, all’interno del depuratore 3 viene generato un campo elettrico tramite una coppia di elettrodi 17 in posizione ravvicinata tra di loro, dove la base 18 del corpo centrale 8 del depuratore 3 è collegata al polo negativo. With reference to fig. 5 and in accordance with the present invention, an electric field is generated inside the purifier 3 by means of a pair of electrodes 17 in a close position to each other, where the base 18 of the central body 8 of the purifier 3 is connected to the negative pole.
Questa seconda separazione meccanica avviene solamente tramite l’azione di un campo elettrico a corrente continua, generato mettendo catodo ed anodo in posizione ravvicinata al fine di risparmiare energia (mediamente si ipotizza un consumo di 350 W/m<3>). This second mechanical separation occurs only through the action of a direct current electric field, generated by placing the cathode and anode in close position in order to save energy (on average, a consumption of 350 W / m <3> is assumed).
Il campo elettrico generato per produrre idrogeno molecolare deve essere di intensità tale da annullare le forze di Van der Vaals, che tenderebbero a respingere le parti solide delle acque reflue e a mantenerle distanti tra di loro, per poter aggregare le parti solide. Dopo una prima fase di flocculazione, in cui le parti solide si aggregano in fiocchi, avviene una seconda fase di flottazione secondo la quale le parti solide aggregate in fiocchi risalgono verso la superficie lungo i canali 19 finché esse vengono raccolte in una camera di tracimazione 20 contigua al recipiente 8. The electric field generated to produce molecular hydrogen must be of such intensity as to cancel the Van der Vaals forces, which would tend to reject the solid parts of the wastewater and keep them distant from each other, in order to aggregate the solid parts. After a first flocculation phase, in which the solid parts aggregate into flakes, a second flotation phase takes place according to which the solid parts aggregated into flakes rise towards the surface along the channels 19 until they are collected in an overflow chamber 20 contiguous to vessel 8.
L’idrogeno molecolare prodotto ha una duplice funzione: dare luogo al processo di flottazione delle parti solide e sterilizzare le parti solide stesse. The molecular hydrogen produced has a dual function: to give rise to the flotation process of the solid parts and to sterilize the solid parts themselves.
Per potenziare l’aggregazione in fiocchi delle parti solide separate tramite l’azione dell’idrogeno molecolare, il campo elettrico appena generato viene fatto interagire con uno o più agenti catalizzatori. To enhance the aggregation in flakes of the separated solid parts through the action of molecular hydrogen, the newly generated electric field is made to interact with one or more catalytic agents.
Tali agenti catalizzatori sono composti chimici costituiti da una miscela di polimeri di acidi organici esterificati e da ossidi di metalli alcalino-terrosi, che comprendono ossidi di calcio e di magnesio. Such catalysts are chemical compounds consisting of a mixture of esterified organic acid polymers and alkaline earth metal oxides, which include calcium and magnesium oxides.
I polimeri di acidi organici esterificati sono polimeri che si dividono quando vengono sciolti in acqua e, grazie alle loro proprietà chimiche, potenziano l’azione di aggregazione delle parti solide effettuata con il campo elettrico e riescono perciò ad aggregare le particelle solide in maggiore quantità. The polymers of esterified organic acids are polymers that divide when dissolved in water and, thanks to their chemical properties, enhance the aggregation action of the solid parts carried out with the electric field and are therefore able to aggregate the solid particles in greater quantities.
Tali agenti catalizzatori si presentano sottoforma di pastiglie 25, le quali vengono inserite in astucci 26 interni al depuratore 3 e con sviluppo verticale lungo l’intero recipiente 8 del depuratore 3, che vengono rappresentati in fig. 6. These catalytic agents are in the form of tablets 25, which are inserted in cases 26 inside the purifier 3 and with vertical development along the entire vessel 8 of the purifier 3, which are represented in fig. 6.
In una forma esecutiva preferita, tali astucci 26 sono sedici e in ciascuno di essi viene inserita una pastiglia 25. In a preferred embodiment, these cases 26 are sixteen and a tablet 25 is inserted in each of them.
Il caricamento delle pastiglie 25 avviene in modo continuo, in modo tale che, quando una pastiglia finisce, viene automaticamente rimpiazzata da una pastiglia successiva. The loading of the tablets 25 takes place continuously, so that, when a tablet runs out, it is automatically replaced by a subsequent tablet.
Naturalmente il numero di astucci 26 potrà variare a seconda delle dimensioni dell’impianto, della portata del refluo e in base alle caratteristiche del refluo da trattare. Of course, the number of cartons 26 may vary depending on the size of the plant, the flow rate of the wastewater and the characteristics of the wastewater to be treated.
In questa seconda separazione è prevista anche una tubazione 27 di sicurezza connessa ai serbatoi 12 e 13 che raccoglie sia l’acqua sia le parti solide che eventualmente sversano dai serbatoi 12 e 13 e le riportano al punto di partenza del ciclo depurativo. In this second separation there is also a safety pipe 27 connected to the tanks 12 and 13 which collects both the water and the solid parts that eventually flow from the tanks 12 and 13 and bring them back to the starting point of the purification cycle.
Operativamente la realizzazione dell’impianto di depurazione secondo la presente invenzione evita l’utilizzo di un sistema di regolazione della temperatura, ad esempio un termostato. Operationally, the construction of the purification plant according to the present invention avoids the use of a temperature regulation system, such as a thermostat.
Oltre ad avvenire a temperatura costante, il metodo di depurazione appena descritto, applicato all’impianto secondo la presente invenzione, consente di depurare le acque reflue a temperatura ambiente grazie all’utilizzo degli agenti catalizzatori sopra descritti. Inoltre, l’intero impianto di depurazione secondo la presente invenzione ha un rendimento molto alto, pari al 99%, e presenta dimensioni ridotte tali da consentirne il trasporto agevole. In addition to taking place at a constant temperature, the purification method just described, applied to the plant according to the present invention, allows to purify the waste water at room temperature thanks to the use of the catalysing agents described above. Furthermore, the entire purification plant according to the present invention has a very high efficiency, equal to 99%, and has small dimensions such as to allow easy transport.
Inoltre, un impianto secondo l’invenzione di dimensioni medie ha una portata di 10 m<3>/giorno pari a 500 l/h. In addition, a medium-sized plant according to the invention has a flow rate of 10 m <3> / day equal to 500 l / h.
È da sottolineare anche che l’acqua trattata con l’impianto di depurazione secondo l’invenzione può essere successivamente riutilizzata, anche in settori come quello della tintoria. It should also be emphasized that the water treated with the purification plant according to the invention can be subsequently reused, even in sectors such as the dyeing.
Da quanto descritto, il metodo e l'impianto di depurazione secondo la presente invenzione raggiungono gli scopi prefissati. From what has been described, the purification method and plant according to the present invention achieve the intended purposes.
All’impianto e al metodo di depurazione secondo la presente invenzione potranno essere apportate varianti le quali, se dovessero rientrare nell’ambito delle rivendicazioni che seguono, si dovranno ritenere protette dal presente brevetto. Variations may be made to the plant and purification method according to the present invention which, if they fall within the scope of the following claims, must be considered protected by this patent.
Claims (14)
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IT000003A ITVI20090003A1 (en) | 2009-01-19 | 2009-01-19 | METHOD OF PURIFICATION OF WASTEWATER AND INSTALLATION OF THIS METHOD |
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US4189381A (en) * | 1978-09-07 | 1980-02-19 | Amax Inc. | Waste water treatment |
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US4961872A (en) * | 1987-10-26 | 1990-10-09 | The Drackett Company | Calcium hypochlorite tablets |
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US20030082084A1 (en) * | 2001-05-30 | 2003-05-01 | Cort Steven L. | Methods for removing heavy metals from water using chemical precipitation and field separation methods |
WO2007107434A1 (en) * | 2006-03-21 | 2007-09-27 | Unilever N.V. | Water purification tablet and process |
WO2008144099A1 (en) * | 2007-03-12 | 2008-11-27 | Its Engineered Systems, Inc. | Pretreatment of water by electrocoagulation |
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US4189381A (en) * | 1978-09-07 | 1980-02-19 | Amax Inc. | Waste water treatment |
US4728410A (en) * | 1984-08-11 | 1988-03-01 | Edgar Renzler | Process for the separation of emulsions containing water as a continuous phase and device for the application of the process |
US4961872A (en) * | 1987-10-26 | 1990-10-09 | The Drackett Company | Calcium hypochlorite tablets |
US6358398B1 (en) * | 1999-05-21 | 2002-03-19 | Applied Oxidation Technologies (2000) Inc. | Waste water treatment method and apparatus |
US20030082084A1 (en) * | 2001-05-30 | 2003-05-01 | Cort Steven L. | Methods for removing heavy metals from water using chemical precipitation and field separation methods |
WO2007107434A1 (en) * | 2006-03-21 | 2007-09-27 | Unilever N.V. | Water purification tablet and process |
WO2008144099A1 (en) * | 2007-03-12 | 2008-11-27 | Its Engineered Systems, Inc. | Pretreatment of water by electrocoagulation |
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