ITPD20120200A1 - STRUCTURAL PANEL IN REINFORCED WOOD - Google Patents

Description

STRUCTURAL PANEL IN REINFORCED WOOD

DESCRIPTION

Field of application of the invention

The present invention belongs to the category of prefabricated wooden construction systems for building and in particular concerns a method for the production of reinforced wooden structural panels and panels obtained by implementing this method.

Existing state of the art

The reference wood panels are identified with the international acronym CLT, acronym of the English â € œCross Laminated Timberâ €, that is â € œwood glued in crossed layersâ €. In Italy this type of panels is also identified with the term XLAM and other countries and / or producers sometimes adopt their own abbreviations; in any case, the term CLT used in this document extends its validity to all denominations wherever and by whoever assigns them. The wooden panels of the â € œCLT standardâ € type, definition used in this document to define the state of the art, are made using specific CAD / CAM systems and CNC machines, using wooden boards suitably cut to size, planed, smoothed and then glued together in layers, arranging each layer with boards crossed with respect to the boards of the opposite layer.

The number and thickness of the individual layers of boards used depend on the characteristics that a given panel must have, for an indicative total thickness from 8-9 cm up to over 40-50 cm. Normally the standard CLT wood panels are composed of a minimum of three layers of crossed boards up to five-seven (even 9-11 and more in specific cases). At the end of the various foreseen processes, panels are obtained whose use can be suitable, depending on size, thickness, mechanical characteristics and shape, to create load-bearing and non-load-bearing walls - ceilings - roofs, of buildings for residential, industrial, commercial use , facilities for public use in general (schools, gyms, hospitals, churches, etc.).

The standard CLT wood panels available on the market represent a good solution for creating buildings of various kinds, even in seismic areas; however, it should be noted that these panels and the structures made with them have limits due to the characteristics of the base material (wood) used, moreover if of low quality and / or having defects not detected during construction, and last but not least some mechanical limits, for example in the ratio of dimensions-thicknesses-bending capacity or dimensions-thicknesses-torsion.

Detail of the invention

1) The present invention relates to a method for the production of a reinforced CLT-type structural wood panel, and panels obtained by implementing this method.

2) The main objective of the present invention is to indicate a production method of a CLT-type reinforced structural wood panel, achievable on an industrial scale, using as reinforcement material rods with improved adhesion, or bars-profiles, in fiber basalt, without limitations for the use of any other suitable materials, including products of ferrous origin and / or alloys, in order to obtain a structural panel in wood with characteristics of rigidity and resistance higher than a standard CLT wood panel of equal size. The insertion of the reinforcing material into the reinforced CLT-type wooden structural panel thus created increases its mechanical performance, significantly accentuating, in proportion to the nature, quantity and arrangement of the reinforcement material used, especially and not only, its rigid plate and / or plate behavior.

3) Another objective of the present invention is to be able to use, for the realization of a structural panel in reinforced CLT type wood, also classifiable wood of low quality in order to obtain, in any case, a comparable or even superior panel, in terms of general mechanical performance, with a similar standard CLT wood panel, albeit produced with high quality wood.

4) A further objective of the present invention is to be able to use a reinforced CLT-type wooden structural panel in combination with standard CLT-type wooden panels and / or any type of material used and usable in construction, such as bricks, concrete , iron and more, in order to create buildings of any kind, given the perfect compatibility of dimensions and shapes valid for both CLT reinforced structural wood panels and standard CLT type panels.

5) These and other objects indicated also in the claims, are obtained according to the method reported below, without anyway limitations for further improvements and / or variants possibly not described and / or exemplified in the attached drawings.

For simplification, we will describe only the production method of a structural wood panel type CLT reinforced with five layers of boards, and the indication for the realization of one having a greater number of layers and a curved one.

This invention aims to obtain CLT-type wood panels with high mechanical performance, and therefore can be used mainly in complex structures or in any case where an engineered structural panel with particular characteristics is required.

The description of the production of a reinforced CLT-type structural wood panel also takes into consideration the sole use of basalt fiber rods with improved adhesion as reinforcement material, which nominally will always be abbreviated to rod (s), specifying in any case that the the use of rods of any other suitable material involves substantially identical procedures, while for bars or profiles, the procedures are slightly different but not detrimental to the indicated production process.

The production line of a reinforced CLT type structural wood panel is basically quite similar to a standard CLT type wood panel production line. More precisely, we use: machine tools that prepare the necessary tables, machines and assembly plan, pressing machine that solidly joins together the various layers of planks provided, machine / s for cutting, milling, final finishing.

The only variants with respect to a production line as described, are the possible addition of at least one work table-top equipped with a CNC robotic arm in order to optimize production times, and a lifting and overturning system for the reasons mentioned below.

6) To create a reinforced CLT-type structural wood panel, proceed as follows, specifying that the reference numbers and letters of the components used and / or of the construction details are the same for each recall of the same from the attached drawings:

- preparation of the individual boards by cutting, prisming, planing, sanding;

- positioning of a first layer of boards 1, which is indicated to have longitudinal axis of the fibers X, on the working plane of the assembly system;

- spreading, on top of the first layer of boards 1, of specific glue of the same type, quantity and with the same method used to make standard CLT wood panels;

- superimposition of the second layer of boards 2, arranged orthogonally (Y axis) with respect to the underlying layer of boards 1 and at the end sending the whole to the pressing machine in order to achieve the stable union between these two layers of boards;

- after a certain time has elapsed from the moment in which the first set of boards 1 and 2 has been sent to the pressing machine, the production of a second set of boards begins. The assembly sequence is the same as that already described and precisely, by arranging the first layer of boards 5 on the work surface of the assembly system, this also having longitudinal axis X, spreading of the joining glue, positioning of the second layer of boards 4 orthogonal to the lower one, spreading of the joining glue and lastly the third layer of boards 3 is positioned orthogonal to the one below;

- at this point the second set made up of the layers of boards 5, 4, 3 just completed, is immediately inserted into the pressing machine, after leaving the same of the first set made up of the layers of boards 1 and 2 whose gluing process is finished ; in this way the glue interposed between the layers of boards 5, 4, 3 is not crystallized and therefore the union, by pressing, takes place in an optimal way as already happened for the whole consisting of the layers of boards 1 and 2;

- after the first assembly S1, consisting of the layers of boards 1 and 2, leaves the pressing machine, it is sent to the additional work surface where, with the aid of a CNC robotic arm equipped with a cylindrical milling tool, a first series of millings, in number and dimensions to be determined exactly in the design phase, longitudinal with respect to the direction of the fibers of the layer of boards 2, so on axis Y, obtaining the hollow grooves 8 of the semifinished product S1 as shown in Figure 1; in this particular case, therefore, said slots 8 are all parallel to each other;

- same type of processing that is carried out on the semi-finished product S1 just described, once the pressing phase is finished, also in the second set of layers of boards 5, 4, 3, and specifically, in the longitudinal direction with respect to the last layer of boards 3, whereby on axis X, obtaining the hollow grooves 8 of the semi-finished product S2 as shown in Figure 2; also in this case, said hollows 8 are all parallel to each other;

- of particular importance and specificity is the milling operation to obtain the various necessary slots 8, in order to obtain particular shapes in the slots 8 themselves, as shown in figures 3, 3a, 3b. The shaping of a slot 8 is obtained in the following way: milling is started, for example of width 20 mm and depth 17 mm, of a slot 8 and approximately every 50-60 cm the tool stroke is interrupted, it is raised, moves forward in the same direction of a given measure, goes back down and continues the milling operation, repeating the same actions for the entire planned length of a specific slot 8. In Figure 3, partial top view of a plane of boards, 2 or 3, on which the millings are carried out, on the left side the first processing sequence is represented where it is noted that, in correspondence with the central point, two sections of a slot 8 do not intersect, but leave a small piece of wood full height. Once all the planned millings have been completed, and the various slots 8 have been obtained with the interruptions at the established distances, the milling tool is replaced with another milling tool having, for example, a diameter of 16 mm, and the interruptions indicated above are opened, as shown in Figure 3, right side, obtaining the lateral guides 8a. Another fundamental detail of this machining is given by the fact that this second milling tool does not penetrate the layer of boards for 17 mm, but for about 2 mm less, allowing to obtain spacer bumps 8b in the groove bottom 8, as shown in Figure 3a , longitudinal section of a hollow 8, and Figure 3b, cross section of a hollow 8. After having completed all the millings foreseen in the semifinished S1, and later also in the semifinished S2, its surface is cleaned from sawdust and chips, by means of suction, in order to allow the insertion of the reinforcing material, ie the rod 9 as shown in Figure 7, and the glue 12 provided, in the perfectly clean slots 8; said rods 9 of each semifinished product S1 and S2 are therefore all parallel to each other, being inserted in said grooves 8 parallel to each other;

- Figures 4, 5, 6 summarize and highlight some particularities relating to the distance 11 of a slot 8 from the edges of the semi-workers S1 and S2, in addition to the distance 11a from any foreseen holes-niches 10 (also indicated in Figures 1 and 2 ). This expedient allows the insertion of the reinforcing material 9 in a certain way, moreover it allows the final processing of the P panel to take place in the same way as those carried out in a standard CLT type panel. However, it should be noted that not necessarily all the slots 8 end at equal distances 11 from the edges of the semifinished products S1 and S2, and this also applies to the distances 11a due to the possible presence of holes and / or niches 10, and everything is consequence of the fact that the reinforcement material 9 calculated to make a specific structural panel in wood type CLT reinforced P, can also be not uniformly distributed inside it.

- in Figures 8 (top view of a slot 8), 8a (longitudinal section of a slot 8) and 8b (cross section of a slot 8), it can be seen how the rods 9 are inserted in the various slots 8 and, precisely, they they are kept in the center of the slots 8 by the guides 8a and raised from its bottom by the spacer bumps 8b. It is very important that the contact points 8a and 8b with the rods 9 are extremely reduced, and this allows, when the glue 12 is introduced, that it almost completely incorporates the rods 9, guaranteeing perfect union between the rods 9 and the layers of boards 2 and 3 where the grooves 8 are made. The ratio between the dimensions of the various grooves 8 and the rods 9 that will be inserted is fundamental and this is determined by the numerical dimensioning, diameter, positioning, which can also be diagonal, total and / or partial, of the rods 9, the result of precise structural calculations according to the use of a specific structural panel in reinforced CLT type wood P. The slots 8 will have depth a measure slightly greater than the diameter of the rods 9 envisaged, and never in any case, for structural reasons, especially if performed not in line with the wood fibers, greater than half the thickness of the layers of boards 2 and 3 on which they are performed, as shown in Figures 8a and 8b. Also the width of the slots 8 must not be greater than a few decimals with respect to the diameter of the rods 9 provided, as shown in Figures 8 and 8b, to allow, at the same time, the glue to penetrate into the slots 8, totally incorporating the rods 9, Figure 10 , and ensure the right degree of union between the reinforcing material and the wood, as per the specifications relating to the glue used. To ensure the desired mechanical performance of the CLT-type wooden structural panel to be made, the reinforcement material, where provided, must be positioned on average with a distance between centers of about 20-25 centimeters but may vary in relation to the diameter of the suitable rods 9 and / or for other specific needs of a structural nature. The reinforcing rods 9 that can be used in the same panel P can also have diameters and / or lengths different from each other, and consequently also the relative slots 8 will be dimensioned in proportion. The reinforcement materials used could also have a different nature and in the same structural wood panel type CLT reinforced P there can be both rods 9 in basalt fiber, and other fibers, in iron-alloys and / or derivatives, as well as bars and / or profiles of any suitable material;

- in Figure 9, starting from left to right, the process of inserting rods 9 and glue 12 in the various slots 8 obtained in the semi-finished product S1 is summarized and highlighted. This operation takes place in two phases: Iª) insertion of the reinforcing rods 9 into the slots 8 - IIª) insertion of the specific adhesive 12 into the slots 8. After the insertion in the various slots 8 of the reinforcement rods 9 provided, which can be done mechanically or manually, we proceed, using the CNC robotic arm mentioned above, and replacing the milling tool with a special container-doser, to introduce in the various grooves 8 a specific adhesive type epoxy 12 or other suitable, in a predetermined quantity, given by the volume of the grooves 8 net of the volume of the rods 9, so that the glue 12 perfectly incorporates each rod 9 and reaches, without overflowing, the level of the surface formed by the layer of boards 2. The use of rods 9 in basalt fiber, thanks to their particular conformation and almost perfect linearity, as shown in Figure 7, is preferable to other possible reinforcing materials, in addition and above all due to the characteristics of the basalt fiber described below, as different products, having different shapes, would require more complex machining of the slots 8, o the preventive introduction of the adhesive 12, and / or the need for additional components. In particular, by making slots 8 without the specific shapes 8a and 8b, it would be absolutely necessary to equip any reinforcing material used with suitable spacers from the edges and bottom slots 8, with a consequent increase in costs, as well as processing times incompatible with a level production. industrial. Furthermore, by previously inserting the adhesive provided with respect to any reinforcing material, the laying times would necessarily be long and take place exclusively by hand in order to avoid, or limit, leakage of adhesive with subsequent need for topping up and cleaning operations, even complex ones, of the planks affected, given their soiling;

It is therefore possible to obtain a panel P formed by at least said semi-finished product S1, i.e. a plurality of layers 1, 2 where at least one layer 2 comprises at least a series of said hollows 8, parallel or not parallel to each other, with said rods 9 inserted, which can be in any suitable reinforcement material and / or in basalt fiber.

- Figure 11 summarizes and highlights the sequence of processes for the semi-finished product S2, identical to those carried out in the semi-finished product S1 and precisely; Iª) insertion of the planned rods 9 into the slots 8 - IIª) insertion of epoxy 12 or other suitable glue into the cavities 8 in the required quantity up to the total incorporation of the rods 9 in the glue 12 and consequent reaching of the level of the layer plane of 3 boards;

- after all the operations described have been carried out on the two semi-finished products S1 and S2, i.e. milling, aspiration of chips and sawdust, insertion of rods 9, introduction of glue 12, and having waited for the setting time of the glue to solidly join the rods 9 and the respective semi-finished products S1 and S2 where inserted, they are joined together. This takes place, after applying the bonding glue provided on the surface of the semi-finished product S2, as shown in Figures 12 and 13, by lifting and overturning the semi-finished product S1 by 180 ° so that it overlaps the semi-finished product S2; in this way the precise collimation of the areas provided for the holes-niches 10 is also obtained, also indicated in Figures 1 and 2. Once the overlapping has taken place, the last pressing is carried out, completely identical and with the same modalities as that necessary to make a standard CLT type wood panel, obtaining the P reinforced CLT type structural wood panel arranged in the right stratigraphy of planks, 1-2-3-4-5, as summarized and highlighted in Figure 14;

- sectioning longitudinally, Figure 15, the structural wood panel type CLT reinforced P just completed, the formation of a mesh net is evident, consisting of the series of rods 9 having X axis with the series of rods 9 preferably arranged orthogonally and therefore having Y axis. In this view, the presence of the reinforcement material can be seen on the whole body of the panel P, and this guarantees its structural homogeneity, and the absence of said reinforcements in correspondence with holes 10 and the termination at a given distance 11, near the edges of the finished panel P. In Figure 15a, one of the possible variants of the panel P of Figure 15, it can be seen that in the upper part of the panel, in correspondence with the foreseen hole 10, there is a additional reinforcement element 9a, or even more if necessary; this solution can be adopted, for example, when large openings are foreseen in the panel P, in order to create greater strength in certain areas and to guarantee the mechanical behavior as homogeneous as possible to the structural wood panel type CLT reinforced P;

- in Figure 16, partial cross section of the structural wood panel type CLT reinforced P, the stratigraphy of boards 1-2-3-4-5 positioned correctly is highlighted; furthermore we note the rods 9, those with Y axis, incorporated in the slots 8 placed flush with the layer of boards 2 and the rods 9, having axis X, therefore preferably orthogonal to the first, incorporated in the slots 8 placed flush with the layer of boards 3 . Figure 16a, extrapolation of Figure 16, summarizes and highlights an X-Y crossing point between rods 9 where you can see the epoxy glue 12 or another suitable one, introduced into the cavities 8, which totally incorporates the rods 9 and above all, the extreme proximity of the rods 9 to each other which, thanks to the glue that joins the layers of boards 2 and 3, structurally collaborate with each other and consequently with the whole panel P. Figure 16b, another extrapolation of Figure 16, summarizes and highlights the distance 11 from the finished panel edge P of a groove 8, the free space 11b between the end of the groove 8 and the rod 9, in addition to the epoxy glue 12 or other suitable glue, which makes each rod 9 integral with the layer of boards 3; the same applies exactly to the rods 9 inserted in the layer of boards 2. Keeping the rods 9 shorter than the respective slots 8 and at a distance 11 from the edges of the structural panel in reinforced CLT type wood P is motivated by the fact of facilitating their ™ insertion but also so that the P panel can be processed, in its final stages, such as cutting - trimming edges and more, in the same way as a standard CLT type wood panel, creating perfect compatibility between the two processes;

It is envisaged that said rods 9 of a semifinished product S1 and said rods 9 of the other semifinished product S2 are arranged in such a way as to be generally transverse, ie not necessarily orthogonal to each other. Alternatively, it is possible to provide that a panel P comprises several layers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, where said mesh, formed by two series of rods 9 generically transversal to each other, inserted in slots 8 made on a single same layer. Said slots therefore comprise two series of slots transversal to each other to identify a network of slots for housing said mesh of rods 9.

- the final result is a structural wood panel type CLT reinforced P, Figures 17 and 17a, where, in its front and side views, there are no aesthetic differences, in shape and / or size, compared to any wooden panel standard CLT type;

- a reinforced CLT-type structural wood panel can also be composed of several levels of mesh mesh given by the reinforcement material 9 used. This is possible, structural wood panel type CLT reinforced P1 as shown in Figure 18, when the required and foreseen layers of boards are, for example, seven or even more. To obtain a second reinforcing mesh made of rods 9, in addition to performing the above-mentioned workings at the level of the layers of boards 2 and 3, two further series of millings (X-Y) are carried out with the same methods already indicated. level of the layers of boards 5 and 6. In this case there are three semi-finished products on which to carry out the foreseen processes, but the joining procedure between them is substantially the same as that where the semi-finished products are two in number. The following operations are carried out in sequence: Iª) assembly, union by pressing, milling, cleaning by suction, insertion of reinforcements, introduction of glue, relative to the first semi-finished product - IIª) assembly, union by pressing, milling, cleaning by suction, insertion reinforcements, introduction of glue, relative to the second semi-finished product - IIIª) union by pressing between the first and second semi-finished product after 180º overturning of one on top of the other - IVª) milling, cleaning by suction, insertion of reinforcements, introduction of glue, at the level of the layer of boards 5 - Vª) assembly, union by pressing, milling, cleaning by suction, insertion of reinforcements, introduction of glue, relative to a third semi-finished product - VIª) union by pressing between the first set of semi-finished products ( first and second) and the third semi-finished product after the latter has been overturned by 180 °;

- given the possibility of bending the reinforcement rods 9, it is also possible to make structural panels in wood type CLT reinforced P2 curved as in Figure 19, fully compatible, except for the greater mechanical performance which in these cases are further useful, with panels in standard CLT wood of this shape. The processing procedures, in the case of curved panels, substantially follow the same processes that are performed for flat panels, except for the specific ones given by the fact that the assembly of such a type of standard curved panel does not always take place on horizontal planes, and therefore, like a standard curved panel, suitable assembly methods will be adopted.

Description of the drawings

- Figure 1 is the perspective view of the semifinished product S1, composed of two layers of boards arranged orthogonally to each other and joined with glue, with a series of millings performed, in order to obtain grooves-hollow, suitable to accommodate the reinforcement material provided ;

- Figure 2 is the perspective view of the semi-finished product S2, composed of three layers of boards arranged orthogonally to each other and joined with glue, with a series of millings performed, in order to obtain grooves-hollows, suitable for accommodating the reinforcement material provided ;

- Figure 3 is the top view of a part of the surface of a semi-finished product where the specific lateral shapes of a quarry are highlighted, obtained from a first and second processing sequence;

- Figure 3a is the longitudinal section view of a quarry, highlighting the particular shape of its bottom in which specific bumps-spacers have been obtained;

- Figure 3b is the cross-sectional view of a quarry, with indicated the lateral guides relating to Figure 3 and the bottom bump-spacers relating to Figure 3a;

- Figure 4 is the sintering and highlighting of a single groove that ends at a well-defined distance from the edge of the board surface where it is performed;

- Figure 5 is the sintering and highlighting of a single groove that ends at a specific distance from any holes-niches provided in the finished panel;

- Figure 6 is the sintering and highlighting of a single slot that ends at a well-defined distance from the edge of the board surface where it is performed;

- Figure 7 represents a specific type of usable reinforcement material;

- Figure 8 is the top view of a slot with the required reinforcement material inserted, kept in its central position by the particular lateral shapes of the slots;

- Figure 8a is the longitudinal section view of a quarry with the required reinforcement material inserted, kept raised from the quarry bottom by specific bumps;

- Figure 8b is the cross-sectional view of a slot with the foreseen reinforcement material inserted, kept in the correct position by the particular shapes indicated in Figures 8 and 8a;

- Figure 9 is the sintering and highlighting of the sequence of insertion of the reinforcing material in a groove and of the subsequent introduction of the adhesive provided in order to solidly join together the reinforcing material and a specific layer of boards;

- Figure 10 is a longitudinal section of Figure 9 (also valid for Figure 11) and in particular of a groove where the reinforcing material is inserted after the glue has been introduced;

- Figure 11 is the sintering and highlighting of the sequence of insertion of the reinforcing material in a groove and of the subsequent introduction of the adhesive required in order to solidly join together the reinforcing material and a specific layer of boards;

- Figure 12 summarizes and highlights the first semi-finished product overturned by 180 ° with respect to its machining position ready to be joined to the second semi-finished product;

- Figure 13 summarizes and highlights the second semi-finished product before joining the first semi-finished product;

- Figure 14 summarizes and highlights a portion of an assembled reinforced CLT-type structural wood panel;

- Figure 15 is a longitudinal section of the structural panel in reinforced CLT type wood, where we note the formation of a mesh made up of the inserted reinforcement material, and the absence of the same in the presence of holes-niches and at the perimeter edges;

- Figure 15a is a variant of Figure 15 in which there is an additional reinforcement element (there can be more than one and in more areas) in correspondence with the upper part of a panel where there is a hole;

- Figure 16 is a partial cross section of the reinforced CLT-type structural wood panel, with two series of reinforcing material inserted, arranged orthogonally to each other, to form a mesh network;

- Figure 16a, extrapolation of Figure 16, shows a crossing point between two reinforcing elements arranged orthogonally to each other;

- Figure 16b, extrapolation of Figure 16, highlights a groove and the reinforcement material inserted in it and their distance from the finished panel edge; - Figure 17 is the front view of a finished reinforced CLT-type wooden structural panel;

- Figure 17a is the view of the narrow edge of a finished reinforced CLT wood structural panel;

- Figure 18 is a partial cross-section of a reinforced CLT-type structural wood panel, with four series of reinforcing material inserted, arranged in pairs orthogonal to each other, to form two mesh nets;

- Figure 19 is the partial cross-section of a curved reinforced CLT-type wooden structural panel, with two series of reinforcing material inserted, arranged orthogonally to each other, to form a mesh network.

Implementation of the invention

A structural CLT wood panel reinforced as designed, being perfectly compatible in shape and size with any standard CLT wood panel, can be used indifferently in combination with panels of its same type, in combination with those defined as standard and also with other materials usable in construction. Given the specific mechanical characteristics of a reinforced CLT-type wooden panel, it is particularly suitable when, for example, floors, flat or curved roofs, where at the same thickness, greater capacities and / or spans are required and / or where, whatever its use, a better behavior with rigid plate and / or plate is structurally advantageous. The use of this type of panel is also indicated, for example, in the construction of buildings where cantilevered structures are foreseen and this allows, given the better mechanical characteristics of a reinforced CLT-type structural wood panel compared to a panel in wood type CLT equivalent standard, to obtain volumes and / or larger and / or improving shapes. Another advantage of the use of the present invention is that of being able to use low quality timber, which, given its great availability all over the world, allows to obtain structural panels in reinforced CLT type wood which are also convenient from an economic point of view. , as well as helping to safeguard precious and rarer tree species. An important element of this invention, in addition to what has already been explained, is the type of reinforcement material indicated to make it, and specifically the use of rods with improved adhesion, and / or bars and / or profiles, in basalt fiber. This absolutely does not affect the use of other reinforcing materials, such as carbon fiber or other suitable fibers, iron, steels and / or alloys of any type, but the use of basalt fiber as a reinforcing material ̈ the one that best responds to the mechanical performance ratio - thermal performance - environmental impact - chemical / physical performance - price. The preference for the use of rods with improved adhesion, and / or bars and / or profiles, in basalt fiber, is given by a series of precise reasons which can be summarily and synthetically summarized as follows:

- basalt fiber is a product obtained from basalt rock, a raw material present in large quantities in nature being a stone of volcanic origin and therefore available, with enormous deposits that are difficult to estimate as volumes, in many areas of our planet;

- basalt fiber can take on shapes and sizes of any type so much that it has been used for a long time, especially in eastern countries (China - Russia - Japan - Korea - others) in various sectors such as automotive, mechanical, aerospace, naval , textiles, construction, infrastructures, in addition to others where it is already used, and the countless ones where its advantages are being tested;

- the basalt fiber has very low thermal transmittance characteristics, so as not to compromise in any way the performance of this type, of a structural panel in reinforced CLT type wood where it is used; - the basalt fiber rods with improved adhesion considered, being achievable at the desired lengths, do not need joints if used in structural CLT wood panels reinforced even long, and this to the advantage of the mechanical performance of the panel, which are homogeneous ;

- the basalt fiber has a resistance to high temperatures and this guarantees good fire behavior in the event of a fire, maintaining the structural characteristics of the reinforced CLT type wood panel in which it is used for a long time;

- the improved adhesion basalt fiber rods have a high resistance to alkali and radiation and are not subject to rust, guaranteeing the same characteristics and initial performance for the life of the CLT reinforced structural wood panel;

- the improved adhesion basalt fiber rods considered have very similar mechanical characteristics, with some parameters even higher, both with respect to corresponding iron rods, and to those in carbon fiber and / or other fibers and / or alloys;

- the basalt fiber, made in the form of rods, to remain in the building construction sector, can be used in traditional construction to replace and / or add to the normal iron rod, as per experience now consolidated in highly seismic areas such as Japan, and this allows to have precise data on the mechanical performance of this material;

- the basalt fiber rods with improved adhesion, thanks to the specific weight of about 75% lower than those in iron and even higher general mechanical performance, allow the creation, for example, of equal thicknesses, in reinforced concrete with much higher structural characteristics and, in the case of use as invented, in making structural panels in reinforced CLT type wood they also give the advantage over iron of not negatively affecting the overall weight of the same, if not for a few units of kg per square meter of panel;

- the improved adhesion basalt fiber rods considered, given their low specific weight compared to iron, are extremely easy to handle; moreover, the particular shape and linearity allows their use in the present invention in a simple, precise and rapid way.

- the improved adhesion basalt fiber rods have very low magnetic susceptibility and therefore, unlike iron, do not form â € œmagnetic cagesâ € inside buildings made with structural panels in reinforced CLT type wood, to the benefit of healthiness the environments and quality of life of those who stay there;

- the cost of basalt fiber rods with improved adhesion is almost decimal compared to carbon fiber ones, making the use of basalt fiber cheaper than carbon fiber, and slightly higher than iron ones but, in compared to the latter, much less energy is used for their realization, so the entire production cycle presents conditions that are in any case advantageous for the environment.

In summary, the use of a reinforced CLT-type wooden structural panel has innumerable performance advantages, especially and not only where particular mechanical characteristics are required, but also to obtain shapes not yet realized and / or achievable with the technique practiced today. . These are the schematic modalities sufficient for the skilled person to realize the invention, consequently, in concrete application there may be variations without prejudice to the substance of the innovative concept.

Therefore, with reference to the above description and the attached tables, the following claims are expressed.

Claims (1)

CLAIMS 1.Method of making a structural wood panel type CLT (P), i.e. comprising several superimposed layers (1, 2, 3, 4, 5), each made up of several boards contiguous to each other and arranged in the same direction (X, Y), where each layer (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) is positioned with transversal boards with respect to the boards of the opposite layer, characterized by the fact that it includes the phases of: - making at least a series of hollow grooves (8) on at least one of said layers (2, 3), arranged in the longitudinal direction of said boards of said layer (2, 3) on which they are made; - insertion in said grooves (8) resulting from milling, of reinforcing elements, such as rods (9) and / or bars and / or profiles, having measures proportionate to the various grooves (8). 2. Method, as per claim 1, characterized in that it also comprises the cleaning step of said layers (2, 3) where said slots (8) are made, carried out by means of a suction system. 3. Method as per the preceding claims, characterized in that it also includes the step of introducing specific glue (12) of the epoxy type or in any case suitable, in such a quantity as to completely incorporate said reinforcing elements (9) up to to reach the plane level of the relative layer (2, 3) making said reinforcing elements (9) integral with said layer (2, 3) itself. 4. Method as per claim 3, characterized by the fact that said introduction of the foreseen glue (12) into said grooves (8) takes place after the insertion of said reinforcing elements (9), allowing the correct dosage and avoiding soiling of the surfaces of said layers (2, 3) where there are the slots (8) in which said reinforcing elements (9) are inserted. 5. Method as per the previous claims, characterized by the fact of including the steps of: - realization of at least two semi-finished panels (S1, S2), each formed by two or more of said layers (1, 2, 3, 4, 5), with at least one series of said hollows (8) made on one of said layers (2, 3) outermost of each semi-finished product (S1, S2); - union of said at least two semi-finished products (S1, S2) so that the relative layers (2, 3) on which said grooves (8) are made are directly facing each other and with said grooves (8) arranged transversely to each other, creating a single structural panel (P) with said reinforcement elements (9) inserted inside to form a cross-meshed network. 6. Method, as per the previous claims, characterized by the fact that it comprises the steps of: - making a first semi-finished product (S1), with at least one series of said hollows (8) on an external layer (2) and relative reinforcement elements (9) inserted; - making a second semi-finished product (S2), with at least a series of said hollows (8) on an external layer (3) and relative reinforcement elements (9) inserted; - joining said first and second semi-finished products (S1, S2) so that said layers (2, 3) with said recesses (8) and reinforcement elements (9) inserted face each other; - making at least one further series of said slots (8) on the opposite outer layer (5) of one of said semi-finished products (S2) and insertion of relative reinforcing elements (9); - making at least a third semi-finished product, with at least a series of said hollows (8) on an external layer (6) and relative reinforcement elements (9) inserted; - joining said third semi-finished product to said pair of semi-finished products (S1, S2) already joined, so that said layers (5, 6) with said slots (8) are facing each other, all suitable for the realization of a structural panel (P1) comprising three of said semi-finished panels with said hollows (8) and relative reinforcing elements (9) inserted, to form two internal cross-mesh networks. 7. Method, as per the preceding claims, characterized by the fact of comprising the manufacturing steps on at least one of said layers, of two or more series of said hollows 8, transversal to each other, for the insertion of two or more series of rods 9 transversal to each other, to form at least one cross-net mesh. 8. Method, as per the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises further final processing of said structural panels (P, P1), with the same methods as any other CLT-type wooden panel. 9. Structural panel (P) in wood CLT type, i.e. comprising several overlapping layers (1, 2, 3, 4, 5), each made up of several boards contiguous to each other and arranged in the same direction (X, Y), where each layer (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) is positioned with transverse boards with respect to the boards of the opposite layer, characterized by the fact that it includes: - at least a series of hollow grooves (8) on at least one of said layers (2, 3), arranged in the longitudinal direction of said boards of said layer (2, 3) on which they are made, - reinforcing elements, such as rods (9) with improved adhesion, and / or bars and / or profiles, inserted in said slots (8) and where said rods (9) with improved adhesion, and / or bars and / or profiles, they are made of any suitable reinforcing material. 10. Panel, as per claim 9, characterized in that said reinforcing elements (9) are made of basalt fiber. 11. Panel, as per claim 9 or 10, characterized in that it comprises at least two series of said hollows (8), generally transversal to each other, made on the same layer or on different layers of said panel (P), and at least two series of said reinforcing elements (9) inserted in said hollows (8), to form at least one cross-net mesh. 12. Panel, as per claim 9 or 10, characterized in that it comprises at least two semi-finished panels (S1, S2) joined together, each formed by two or more of said layers (1, 2, 3, 4, 5), with at least one series of said slots (8) made on one of said outermost layers (2, 3) of each semi-finished product (S1, S2) and where said layers with inserted slots (8) and reinforcement elements (9) face so that said reinforcing elements (9) are transversal to each other to form a cross-meshed network. 13. Panel, as per claim 9 or 10, characterized in that it comprises at least three semi-finished panels joined together, each formed by two or more of said layers (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) with at least a series of said slots (8) made on at least one of said outer layers (2, 3, 5, 6) of each semi-finished product and where said layers with slots (8) and relative reinforcement elements (9) inserted face each other in so that said reinforcing elements (9) are transversal to each other to form at least two cross-meshed networks. 14.CLT (P2) type structural wood panel, as per each preceding claim, characterized by the fact that it is curved. 15. Panel, as per the previous claims, characterized by the fact that said hollows (8) made on all the layers of boards involved are the same or different in number, center distances, lengths, dimensions, shapes, as well as directions that are also non-linear with respect to the fiber of the related tables. 16. Panel, as per the previous claims, characterized by the fact that said hollows (8) are present on the whole area of the relative layers of boards involved, or only in part or more parts of the same, due to both structural reasons and / or for the need to make holes, niches, cuts and / or other woodworking. 17. Panel, as per the preceding claims, characterized in that each of said hollows (8) comprises in section one or more section narrowings (8a, 8b) with the function of guide-spacer bumps to maintain said reinforcing elements (9) inserted in a defined position. 18. Panel, as per the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that each of said hollows (8) has a depth not greater than half the thickness of the relative layer of boards on which it is made and a length and width slightly greater than the diameter of said elements reinforcement (9). 19. Panel, as per the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises one or more additional reinforcing elements (9a) inserted in corresponding hollows (8) made near holes (10) or niches where said reinforcing elements (9a) are structurally useful.