ITPN20120072A1

ITPN20120072A1 - STRUCTURES WITH A CONTROLLED POSITION COMBINED WITH SOLAR COMPARTMENT PANELS

Info

Publication number: ITPN20120072A1
Application number: IT000072A
Authority: IT
Inventors: Angelo Ornella; Claudio Ornella
Original assignee: Angelo Ornella; Claudio Ornella
Priority date: 2012-11-30
Filing date: 2012-11-30
Publication date: 2014-05-31

Description

DESCRIZIONE DESCRIPTION

Dell'invenzione industriale avente per titolo: Of the industrial invention entitled:

"Strutture a posizione controllata combinate con pannelli a captazione solare " "Position-controlled structures combined with solar capture panels"

Campo di applicazione Field of application

Il presente trovato si riferisce ad un complesso di apparati a geometria variabile combinati con pannelli a captazione solare e alla loro movimentazione nell'inseguimento solare durante l'arco temporale annuale. La struttura di supporto dei pannelli funge da copertura e può essere usata come tetto di edifici o di serre. The present invention refers to a complex of variable geometry apparatuses combined with solar capture panels and their movement in the solar tracking during the annual time span. The support structure of the panels acts as a cover and can be used as a roof for buildings or greenhouses.

STATO DELLA TECNICA STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE

Attualmente gli inseguitori solari sono costituiti da un pilone centrale sul quale è agganciata una vela costituita da pannelli modulari giacenti sullo stesso piano. Il pilone centrale è connesso ad una ralla che provvede al movimento azimutale da Est a Ovest di tutto il sistema mentre una cerniera sull'asse orizzontale della vela insegue la movimentazione zenitale da 0 a 90 gradi. Il sistema così formato risulta molto grande all'aumentare dei pannelli installati e produce notevoli ombreggiamenti nel caso di più file di inseguitori. Inoltre l'inseguitore sopra descritto non può essere usato come copertura di edifici. II sistema sopra descritto se da un lato presenta delle caratteristiche di scalabilità per la produzione industriale dall'altro lato ha bisogno di molto spazio per non ombreggiare gli inseguitori adiacenti. Inoltre il rapporto potenza istallata rispetto alla superficie occupata è alto e al contrario ha un rapporto basso tra la potenza installata e le risorse utilizzate sia in termini di energia necessaria per la costruzione sia per tutti i materiali costituenti il complesso (acciaio necessario per costruire un inseguitore, cemento per la fondazione fili per le connessioni, manodopera impiegata ecc ecc.). Inoltre lo spazio occupato da detto sistema è funzionale all'inseguitore e non può essere usato da nessuna altra attività antropica. Più la dimensione dell'inseguitore aumenta tanto più diventano grandi le strutture a discapito delle precisioni angolari di inseguimento. Currently the solar trackers consist of a central pylon on which a sail consisting of modular panels lying on the same plane is attached. The central pylon is connected to a fifth wheel that provides the azimuth movement from East to West of the whole system while a hinge on the horizontal axis of the sail follows the zenith movement from 0 to 90 degrees. The system thus formed is very large as the number of panels installed increases and produces considerable shading in the case of several rows of trackers. Furthermore, the tracker described above cannot be used as a building cover. If on the one hand the system described above has scalability characteristics for industrial production, on the other hand it needs a lot of space in order not to shade the adjacent trackers. Furthermore, the installed power ratio with respect to the occupied surface is high and on the contrary it has a low ratio between the installed power and the resources used both in terms of energy required for the construction and for all the materials making up the complex (steel necessary to build a tracker , concrete for the foundation, wires for the connections, labor employed, etc. etc.). Furthermore, the space occupied by this system is functional to the tracker and cannot be used by any other anthropogenic activity. The more the size of the tracker increases, the larger the structures become, to the detriment of the tracking angular accuracies.

DESCRIZIONE DEL TROVATO DESCRIPTION OF THE FOUND

L'apparato è costituito da una semplice struttura denominata pista; essa costituisce il percorso attorno al quale tutte le strutture delle righe dei pannelli ruotano per l'inseguimento azimutale della radiazione solare. In questo esempio le strutture sono metalliche ma nulla vieta il passaggio a diversi materiali impiegati per le costruzioni ed è collocata ad una certa quota da terra in uno spazio privo di ombreggiamenti. I pannelli (fotovoltaici o termici) sono collocati in appositi telai definite righe costituiti da supporti metallici incernierati alla struttura portante. Con l'ausilio di appositi attuatori è possibile controllare l'inseguimento zenitale delle righe dei pannelli così da risolvere l'inseguimento della radiazione solare in modo che quest'ultima incida il panello sempre in maniera perpendicolare. Il telaio supporta i pannelli modulari (possono essere fotovoltaici, fotovoltaici a concentrazione , pannelli termici ). Gli attuatori consentono il controllo della movimentazione dell'inseguimento solare : il controllo alla rotazione azimutale zenitale. Le movimentazioni vengono controllate da una unità di controllo che in tempo reale elabora la posizione del pannello e la mantiene in modo che l'onda solare radiante che incide il panello sia sempre perpendicolare con la superficie del pannello stesso così da massimizzare la captazione dell'energia. La stessa unità di controllo elabora le condizioni meteo in maniera da posizionare le righe dei pannelli, in caso di eventi temporaleschi, sempre in condizioni di minima resistenza. Una vantaggiosa applicazione del sistema descritto sopra trova applicazione nel mantenere l'inseguimento di una serie di righe di pannelli a captazione solare. Il guadagno prestazionale rispetto ad un panello fisso può essere del 30%-35% Per questo una centralina elettronica provvede al controllo dei due movimenti degli assi : quello azimutale facente capo alla rotazione intorno alla pista e quello zenitale con rotazione lungo l'asse di cerniera dei telai dei pannelli. Il movimento opportunamente combinato e controllato dei due assi durante il giorno consente l'inseguimento delle posizioni del sole in modo che l'onda radiante incidente il pannello sia sempre in condizione di massima insolazione (massima efficienza). L'apparato può venire montato da solo , oppure può costituire la copertura di un edificio od anche in alternativa può essere montato su costruzioni già esistenti a falda piana. The apparatus consists of a simple structure called a track; it constitutes the path around which all the row structures of the panels rotate for the azimuth tracking of solar radiation. In this example the structures are metallic but nothing prevents the passage to different materials used for the constructions and it is located at a certain height from the ground in a space without shadows. The panels (photovoltaic or thermal) are placed in special frames called rows consisting of metal supports hinged to the supporting structure. With the aid of special actuators it is possible to control the zenith tracking of the rows of the panels so as to solve the tracking of solar radiation so that the latter always affects the panel in a perpendicular manner. The frame supports the modular panels (they can be photovoltaic, concentration photovoltaic, thermal panels). The actuators allow the control of the movement of the solar tracking: the control of the zenith azimuth rotation. The movements are controlled by a control unit that in real time processes the position of the panel and maintains it so that the radiant solar wave that affects the panel is always perpendicular to the surface of the panel itself in order to maximize energy capture. . The same control unit processes the weather conditions in order to position the rows of the panels, in the event of thunderstorms, always in conditions of minimum resistance. An advantageous application of the system described above finds application in maintaining the tracking of a series of rows of solar capturing panels. The performance gain compared to a fixed panel can be 30% -35% For this reason, an electronic control unit controls the two axis movements: the azimuth one, which refers to the rotation around the track and the zenith one with rotation along the hinge axis. of the panel frames. The suitably combined and controlled movement of the two axes during the day allows the tracking of the positions of the sun so that the radiant wave incident on the panel is always in conditions of maximum insolation (maximum efficiency). The apparatus can be mounted alone, or it can form the roof of a building or even alternatively it can be mounted on existing flat pitched buildings.

ILLUSTRAZIONE DEL DISEGNO ILLUSTRATION OF THE DRAWING

In fig.l è rappresentata una prospettiva isometrica dell'apparto a titolo di esempio costituito da due piste circolari e una fondazione su pali. Fig. 1 shows an isometric perspective of the apparatus as an example consisting of two circular tracks and a foundation on piles.

Claims

CLAIMS The present invention is described, expressed and characterized in the respective main claims and consequently in second place other innovations characterizing the invention are described in the secondary claims. 1 - Controlled position structures combined with solar capture panels are characterized by the fact that they comprise at least one circular track structure formed by circular elements or with multiple straight sides or the like (1) and wheels fixed to the structures (6); the track is the support for the part of the support structure of the panels (2) and the wheels provide the sliding support for the azimuth tracking movement from East to West, at least one structure (2) used to support the panels (3 ) which allows the movement of the panels themselves with respect to their zenith axis, a control unit (4) for the correct tracking of solar radiation, and actuators (7) for the control of the two azimuth and zenith axes around which the whole structure (2), fixed to a series of structures designed to support it (5) which constitute the raised foundations for the circular track structure (1) or alternatively a flat surface where the circular track (1) can be placed as a roof or generic similar surface. 2 - Controlled position structures combined with solar capture panels as in claim 1, are characterized by the fact that they have a high efficiency in terms of structures used compared to the mounted panels. 3 - Controlled position structures combined with solar capture panels as per claim 1, are characterized by the fact that they are very precise in solar tracking regardless of the size chosen by virtue of the construction characteristics: the angular movements are implemented on the periphery of the outermost track and do not concentrate on a pylon connected to a fifth wheel where the outermost panels are greatly affected by angular inaccuracies as they are amplified by the leverage ratios. 4 - Controlled position structures combined with solar capture panels as in claim 1, are characterized by the fact that they are modular and scalable in industrial production and the installed power can be chosen with a simple scale factor 5 - Controlled position structures combined with solar capturing panels as in claim 1 are characterized by the fact that they are located in spaces already used without using new ones such as for example on the roofs of flat-pitched industrial buildings or in greenhouses. 6 - Controlled position structures combined with solar capture panels as per claim 1 are characterized by the fact that they have a distribution of the panels (photovoltaic or thermal) parallel to the sawtooth azimuth rotation plane and are not coplanar to a single plane as for example the sailing distribution of traditional pursuers. 7 - Controlled position structures combined with solar capture panels as in claim 1 are characterized by the fact that they have a uniform distribution of loads (structure own weight plus the weight of the panels) on the surface it occupies and does not concentrate the loads as can happen for a central pylon configuration. 8 - Controlled position structures combined with solar capturing panels as claimed in claim 1 are characterized by the fact that they have a very low resistance to wind. 9 - Controlled position structures combined with solar capture panels as per claim 1 are characterized by the fact that at the aesthetic level they are confused with the traditional typology of roofs (for example pitched roofs), significantly reducing the environmental impact. 10 - Controlled position structures combined with solar capture panels as claimed in claim 1 are characterized by the fact that they can be used directly as a cover or mounted in the open field on a piling, allowing cultivation underneath. 11 - Controlled position structures combined with solar capture panels as in claim 1 are characterized by the fact that they allow the maintenance of the faulty panels without blocking the operation of the remaining ones; 12 - Controlled position structures combined with solar capture panels as per claim 1 are characterized by the fact that their support wheels (5) are not only the supports of the structure but also driving, allowing the azimuth rotation of the structure by means of suitable mechanical details. (2) in the two directions from East to West and vice versa, the inversion of the motion, and the variation of speed (solar tracking or inversion once sunset is reached).