ITMI20121172A1 - POLYMERIC ADDITIVES FOR DRILLING FLUIDS - Google Patents
POLYMERIC ADDITIVES FOR DRILLING FLUIDS Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ITMI20121172A1 ITMI20121172A1 IT001172A ITMI20121172A ITMI20121172A1 IT MI20121172 A1 ITMI20121172 A1 IT MI20121172A1 IT 001172 A IT001172 A IT 001172A IT MI20121172 A ITMI20121172 A IT MI20121172A IT MI20121172 A1 ITMI20121172 A1 IT MI20121172A1
- Authority
- IT
- Italy
- Prior art keywords
- copolymers
- ethylene glycol
- acid
- homopolymers
- additives
- Prior art date
Links
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims description 30
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 61
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 44
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- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
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- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 11
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 ethyl ethyl ethyl ethylene glycol ethyl ethyl ethyl ethylene glycol ethyl ethyl ethylene Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N itaconic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- JTHZUSWLNCPZLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-fluoro-3-methyl-2h-indazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=C2C(C)=NNC2=C1 JTHZUSWLNCPZLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- TVFJAZCVMOXQRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl 7,7-dimethyloctanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCCCCC(=O)OC=C TVFJAZCVMOXQRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FYRWKWGEFZTOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-prop-2-enoxy-2,2-bis(prop-2-enoxymethyl)propan-1-ol Chemical compound C=CCOCC(CO)(COCC=C)COCC=C FYRWKWGEFZTOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ATVJXMYDOSMEPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-prop-2-enoxyprop-1-ene Chemical compound C=CCOCC=C ATVJXMYDOSMEPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 3
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonic acid Chemical compound C\C=C\C(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YRDNVESFWXDNSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)prop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C=C YRDNVESFWXDNSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005650 polypropylene glycol diacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005651 polypropylene glycol dimethacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- ZPOLOEWJWXZUSP-WAYWQWQTSA-N bis(prop-2-enyl) (z)-but-2-enedioate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)\C=C/C(=O)OCC=C ZPOLOEWJWXZUSP-WAYWQWQTSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- OWBTYPJTUOEWEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-2,3-diol Chemical compound CC(O)C(C)O OWBTYPJTUOEWEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
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- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
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- RTVBLKZTXPVNSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,9-dimethyldec-1-ene Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCCCCCC=C RTVBLKZTXPVNSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001732 Lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- CSKKAINPUYTTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecoxycarbonyloxy tetradecyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)OOC(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CSKKAINPUYTTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
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- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/03—Specific additives for general use in well-drilling compositions
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Description
Descrizione del brevetto per invenzione industriale avente per titolo: Description of the patent for industrial invention entitled:
“ADDITIVI POLIMERICI PER FLUIDI DI PERFORAZIONE” "POLYMER ADDITIVES FOR DRILLING FLUIDS"
La presente invenzione riguarda particolari additivi polimerici in grado di viscosizzare i fluidi di perforazione e sospendere efficacemente i solidi in essi contenuti permettendo così una maggiore velocità di perforazione. The present invention relates to particular polymeric additives capable of viscosizing the drilling fluids and effectively suspending the solids contained therein, thus allowing a higher drilling speed.
Gli additivi polimerici della presente invenzione sono particolari omopolimeri e copolimeri dell’acido acrilico leggermente reticolati e sono ottenuti con processi di polimerizzazione radicalica per precipitazione in sistemi solvente in grado di sciogliere i monomeri ma non il polimero che si genera. The polymeric additives of the present invention are particular homopolymers and copolymers of acrylic acid slightly cross-linked and are obtained with radical polymerization processes by precipitation in solvent systems capable of dissolving the monomers but not the polymer that is generated.
Gli additivi della presente invenzione possono essere usati sia nella forma acida che in quella salificata e possono essere utilizzati come polvere, granuli, dispersione acquosa acida concentrata oppure più facilmente come dispersione o emulsione fluida e stabile del polimero in fase olio. The additives of the present invention can be used both in the acid and in the salified form and can be used as powder, granules, concentrated acid aqueous dispersion or more easily as a fluid and stable dispersion or emulsion of the polymer in the oil phase.
Stato della tecnica State of the art
Il processo di perforazione del terreno per l’estrazione di fluidi naturali di importanza economica comporta essenzialmente la rottura con frammentazione dei vari strati di roccia o sedimento, l’asportazione continua dei frammenti, la stabilizzazione delle pareti del foro e la sigillatura del pozzo creato per evitare l’entrata di fluidi esterni non desiderati. The process of drilling the ground for the extraction of natural fluids of economic importance essentially involves the breaking with fragmentation of the various layers of rock or sediment, the continuous removal of the fragments, the stabilization of the walls of the hole and the sealing of the well created for avoid the entry of unwanted external fluids.
Mentre la prima fase di rottura viene svolta da un opportuno organo meccanico composto dal tubo e dalla testa di perforazione, le altre importantissime funzioni vengono svolte da un fluido o fango di perforazione che, iniettato attraverso il tubo, fuoriesce dalla testa e ritorna verso la superficie attraverso lo spazio creatosi fra le pareti del tubo e quelle del foro. While the first rupture phase is carried out by an appropriate mechanical organ composed of the pipe and the drilling head, the other very important functions are performed by a drilling fluid or mud which, injected through the pipe, comes out of the head and returns to the surface. through the space created between the walls of the tube and those of the hole.
Il fluido di perforazione è principalmente composto da una miscela di acqua oppure da altre basi liquide e contiene argille ed eventualmente altri minerali oltre a vari additivi chimici fra cui quelli polimerici. The drilling fluid is mainly composed of a mixture of water or other liquid bases and contains clays and possibly other minerals as well as various chemical additives including polymeric ones.
In particolare, le funzioni del fluido di perforazione comprendono: il trasporto in superficie dei frammenti di roccia o minerale, il mantenimento della pressione nel foro di perforazione per evitarne il collassamento, il mantenimento della pressione idrostatica per bloccare la fuoriuscita di gas, petrolio o acqua, la lubrificazione e il raffreddamento degli organi meccanici. In particular, the functions of the drilling fluid include: transporting rock or mineral fragments to the surface, maintaining the pressure in the drilling hole to prevent its collapse, maintaining hydrostatic pressure to block the escape of gas, oil or water , lubrication and cooling of mechanical parts.
I fluidi per perforazione sono generalmente classificati in base ai fluidi base usati per prepararli e quindi: aria, acqua o olio. La maggior parte delle operazioni di perforazione viene però in pratica eseguita con fluidi a base acquosa e le altre soluzioni vengono adottate solo in casi speciali. Drilling fluids are generally classified according to the base fluids used to prepare them and therefore: air, water or oil. However, most drilling operations are practically carried out with water-based fluids and the other solutions are adopted only in special cases.
È noto l’uso di molti polimeri come per esempio la poliacrilammide parzialmente idrolizzata, i copolimeri vinilacetato-anidride maleica, la gomma xanthana e la carbossimetilcellulosa come additivi per fluidi da perforazione. La loro applicazione nella preparazione dei fluidi per perforazione comporta numerosi vantaggi come: la viscosizzazione o addensamento o controllo di reologia del fluido circolante, la riduzione della perdita di fluido per inibizione del trasudamento attraverso le pareti del foro, l’inibizione del rigonfiamento dei frammenti di argilla da asportare, il miglioramento del flusso o la riduzione delle turbolenze e dei trascinamenti, la lubrificazione, la capacità di disperdere il particolato. L’impiego di additivi polimerici per l’impiego in applicazioni nel campo delle perforazioni è trattato diffusamente in Polymer Science applied to petroleum production” - Elizabete F. Lucas et al. - Pure Appi. Chem., Voi. 81, No. 3, pp. 473-494, 2009). The use of many polymers is known, such as partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, vinyl acetate-maleic anhydride copolymers, xanthan gum and carboxymethylcellulose as additives for drilling fluids. Their application in the preparation of fluids for perforation entails numerous advantages such as: the viscosity or thickening or rheology control of the circulating fluid, the reduction of fluid loss due to the inhibition of transudation through the walls of the hole, the inhibition of the swelling of the fragments of clay to be removed, the improvement of the flow or the reduction of turbulence and entrainment, the lubrication, the ability to disperse the particulates. The use of polymeric additives for use in applications in the field of drilling is discussed extensively in Polymer Science applied to petroleum production "- Elizabete F. Lucas et al. - Pure Appi. Chem., Vol. 81, No. 3, pp. 473-494, 2009).
Le funzioni svolte da questi additivi polimerici devono permanere a lungo ed in condizioni operative generalmente molto severe di temperatura, sforzo di taglio e salinità. Di conseguenza gli stessi additivi polimerici devono resistere a queste condizioni per il tempo più lungo possibile. The functions performed by these polymeric additives must remain for a long time and in generally very severe operating conditions of temperature, shear stress and salinity. Consequently, the polymer additives themselves must resist these conditions for as long as possible.
In particolare i polimeri usati per viscosizzare dei fluidi per perforazione rivestono grandissima importanza. Essi permettono di modulare la reologia ovvero le proprietà viscoelastiche del fluido stesso in modo che questo pur rimanendo poco viscoso e scorrevole sia in grado di portare in superficie tutto il particolato prodotto dall’azione della testa di perforazione senza disgregarlo. In particular, the polymers used to viscosize drilling fluids are of great importance. They allow to modulate the rheology or the viscoelastic properties of the fluid itself so that, while remaining not very viscous and flowing, it is able to bring to the surface all the particulate produced by the action of the drilling head without breaking it up.
Le caratteristiche intrinseche principali di un additivo polimerico viscosizzante o modificatore di reologia devono quindi essere: la capacità viscosizzante, il potere sospendente, la resistenza alla salinità e la resistenza nel tempo allo sforzo di taglio e alle alte temperature tipiche delle operazioni di perforazione. The main intrinsic characteristics of a viscosifying polymeric additive or rheology modifier must therefore be: viscosity capacity, suspending power, resistance to salinity and resistance over time to shear stress and high temperatures typical of drilling operations.
Un altro aspetto importante di un additivo di questo tipo è quello della facilità di dosaggio e manipolazione. La forma liquida dell’additivo è generalmente preferita a quella di polvere sia perché più facilmente utilizzabile sia perché permette di dosare il prodotto direttamente nel fluido senza particolari difficoltà anche mentre le operazioni di perforazione sono in corso. Another important aspect of an additive of this type is that of ease of dosing and handling. The liquid form of the additive is generally preferred to that of powder both because it is easier to use and because it allows the product to be dosed directly into the fluid without particular difficulties even while the drilling operations are in progress.
La forma polvere al contrario si disperde facilmente nell’aria e rende le aggiunte durante le operazioni molto difficoltose a causa della formazione di agglomerati. The powder form, on the other hand, is easily dispersed in the air and makes additions during operations very difficult due to the formation of agglomerates.
Sono noti molti additivi polimerici in grado di svolgere la funzione di viscosizzare o modificare la reologia dei fluidi di perforazione. Si tratta di polimeri idrosolubili di varia natura come per es. la gomma xanthana, le cellulose polianioniche, la carbossimetilcellulosa, l’idrossietilcellulosa, i polisaccaridi, le poliacrilammidi ioniche e non ioniche e il polistirene solfonato. Per un elenco completo si può fare riferimento al libro “Drilling completion and workover fluids” - June 2008 dove compaiono moltissimi additivi viscosizzanti. Many polymeric additives are known which are capable of performing the function of viscosizing or modifying the rheology of drilling fluids. These are water-soluble polymers of various kinds such as eg. xanthan gum, polyanionic cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, polysaccharides, ionic and non-ionic polyacrylamides and sulfonated polystyrene. For a complete list you can refer to the book “Drilling completion and workover fluids” - June 2008 where there are many viscosifying additives.
È importante sia dal punto di vista economico che da quello ecologico poter utilizzare questi additivi nella minore quantità possibile visto soprattutto il contesto e gli elevati volumi di fluido utilizzati per le perforazioni. Esiste quindi l’esigenza di utilizzare additivi viscosizzanti e sospendenti sempre più efficaci e resistenti alle condizioni di perforazione e in particolare alla salinità. It is important both from an economic and an ecological point of view to be able to use these additives in the smallest amount possible, especially given the context and the high volumes of fluid used for drilling. There is therefore a need to use viscosifying and suspending additives that are increasingly effective and resistant to drilling conditions and in particular to salinity.
Descrizione dell’invenzione Description of the invention
Sorprendentemente abbiamo scoperto che una particolare classe di additivi a base di omopolimeri e copolimeri reticolati dell’acido acrilico è in grado di produrre nei fluidi di perforazione i valori di viscosità e potere sospendente più adatti allo scopo anche a dosaggi ridottissimi. Surprisingly, we discovered that a particular class of additives based on cross-linked homopolymers and copolymers of acrylic acid is able to produce the most suitable viscosity and suspending power values in drilling fluids even at very low dosages.
Detti omopolimeri o copolimeri sono caratterizzati dal fatto che possono essere prodotti solo con processi di polimerizzazione per precipitazione ovvero con processi di polimerizzazione radicalica dell’acido acrilico ed eventuali comonomeri in sistemi solvente in grado di sciogliere i monomeri ma non il polimero che si genera. Said homopolymers or copolymers are characterized by the fact that they can only be produced with precipitation polymerization processes or with radical polymerization processes of acrylic acid and any comonomers in solvent systems capable of dissolving the monomers but not the polymer that is generated.
In un suo primo aspetto, l’invenzione riguarda pertanto l’uso di omopolimeri o copolimeri dell’acido acrilico reticolati ottenuti per polimerizzazione radicalica per precipitazione in sistemi solvente dei monomeri ma non dei polimeri in forma di polveri, granuli o dispersioni, come agenti viscosizzanti di fluidi di perforazione. In a first aspect, the invention therefore relates to the use of cross-linked homopolymers or copolymers of acrylic acid obtained by radical polymerization by precipitation in solvent systems of the monomers but not of the polymers in the form of powders, granules or dispersions, as viscosizing agents of drilling fluids.
In un secondo aspetto, l’invenzione riguarda additivi per fluidi di perforazione comprendenti omopolimeri o copolimeri dell’acido acrilico reticolati ottenuti per polimerizzazione radicalica per precipitazione in sistemi solvente dei monomeri ma non dei polimeri in forma di polveri, granuli o dispersioni. In a second aspect, the invention relates to additives for drilling fluids comprising cross-linked homopolymers or copolymers of acrylic acid obtained by radical polymerization by precipitation in solvent systems of monomers but not polymers in the form of powders, granules or dispersions.
L’invenzione ha inoltre per oggetto un processo per regolare la viscosità e il potere disperdente dei fluidi di perforazione che comprende l’aggiunta a detti fluidi di detti additivi. The invention also relates to a process for regulating the viscosity and dispersing power of drilling fluids which includes the addition of said additives to said fluids.
I processi di preparazione degli omo- o co-polimeri dell’invenzione sono noti da molto tempo e sono illustrati nei brevetti US2340110, US2340111, US2533635, US2798053, US3915921, US3940351, US4062817, US4066583, US4267103, US4420610, US4668731, US4758641, US4748220, US4923940, US4929690, US4996274, US5004598, US5288814, US5342911, US5349030, US5373044, US5468797, US5475047, US5663253, US7428779 che incorporiamo nella presente invenzione. The processes for preparing the homo- or co-polymers of the invention have been known for a long time and are illustrated in patents US2340110, US2340111, US2533635, US2798053, US3915921, US3940351, US4062817, US4066583, US4267103, US4420610, US46687201, US47584720 US4923940, US4929690, US4996274, US5004598, US5288814, US5342911, US5349030, US5373044, US5468797, US5475047, US5663253, US7428779 which we incorporate in this invention.
I nomi commerciali di questi prodotti sono per esempio: Carbopol 674, Carbopol 676, Carbopol 690, Carbopol 934, Carbopol 940, Carbopol 941, Carbopol 980, Carbopol 981, Carbopol 1342, Carbopol 1382, Carbopol 2984, Carbopol 5984, Carbopol ETD 2020, Carbopol ETD 2050, Carbopol ETD 2623, Carbopol ETD 2691, Carbopol EZ-2, Carbopol EZ-3, Carbopol EZ-4, Carbopol Ultrez 10, Carbopol Ultrez 20, Carbopol Ultrez 21 (Lubrizol), Synthalen K, Synthalen M, Synthalen L, Synthalen HP, Polygel CA, Polygel CB, Polygel CS, Stabylen 30, Eupirol 100, PNC 400, PNC 430, PNC 410, Novaprint CL (3V Sigma), Acritamer 940, Acritamer 941 e Acritamer 934 (Rita). The trade names of these products are for example: Carbopol 674, Carbopol 676, Carbopol 690, Carbopol 934, Carbopol 940, Carbopol 941, Carbopol 980, Carbopol 981, Carbopol 1342, Carbopol 1382, Carbopol 2984, Carbopol 5984, Carbopol ETD 2020, Carbopol ETD 2050, Carbopol ETD 2623, Carbopol ETD 2691, Carbopol EZ-2, Carbopol EZ-3, Carbopol EZ-4, Carbopol Ultrez 10, Carbopol Ultrez 20, Carbopol Ultrez 21 (Lubrizol), Synthalen K, Synthalen M, Synthalen L , Synthalen HP, Polygel CA, Polygel CB, Polygel CS, Stabylen 30, Eupirol 100, PNC 400, PNC 430, PNC 410, Novaprint CL (3V Sigma), Acritamer 940, Acritamer 941 and Acritamer 934 (Rita).
Il monomero principale è l’acido acrilico che viene copolimerizzato con monomeri reticolanti costituiti da composti poiinsaturi come saccarosio polialliletere, pentaeritritolo trialliletere, pentaeritritolo polialliletere, trimetilolpropano polialliletere, polietileneglicole dialliletere, diallilmaleato, divinilbenzene, etileneglicole diacrilato o dimetacrilato, polietileneglicole diacrilato o dimetacrilato, polietileneglicole dimetalliletere, polipropileneglicole diacrilato o dimetacrilato, N,N’-metilene-bisacrilammide. The main monomer is acrylic acid which is copolymerized with cross-linking monomers made up of polyunsaturated compounds such as sucrose polylylether, pentaerythritol triallylether, pentaerythritol polylylether, trimethylolpropane polyallylether, polyethylene glycol diallylether, polyethylene glycol diethyl ethyl ether, polyethylene glycol ethyl ethyl ethyl ethyl ether, polyethylene glycol ethyl ethyl ethyl ethyl ethyl ethyl ethyl ethyl ethyl ethyl ethyl ethyl ethyl ethyl ethyl ethyl ethyl ethyl ethyl ethyl glycol , polypropylene glycol diacrylate or dimethacrylate, N, N'-methylene-bisacrylamide.
Al sistema monomerico appena descritto possono eventualmente essere aggiunti altri comonomeri come stearilmetacrilato, stearilacrilato e gli alchil (met)acrilati in genere, gli itaconati e i (met)acrilati degli alcoli grassi etossilati e degli alchilfenoli etossilati, il vinilacetato e i vinilalcanoati come per esempio vinilneodecanoato, le acrilammidi come ter-ottilacrilammide, acido metacrilico, acido crotonico e i suoi esteri, l’acido itaconico e i suoi esteri. Other comonomers such as stearylmethacrylate, stearylacrylate and alkyl (meth) acrylates in general, itaconates and (meth) acrylates of fatty alcohols ethoxylates and alkylphenols ethoxylates, vinyl acetate and vinyl alkanoates such as vinylneodecane, for example, may be added to the monomer system just described. acrylamides such as tert-octylacrylamide, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid and its esters, itaconic acid and its esters.
Sono particolarmente preferiti i cosiddetti monomeri o comonomeri associativi che, a seguito delle loro caratteristiche lipofile, impartiscono alle molecole polimeriche la proprietà di associarsi tra loro per mezzo di interazioni non covalenti. Esempi di tali monomeri associativi sono stearilmetacrilato, stearilacrilato, vinilneodecanoato, gli itaconati e i (met)acrilati degli alcoli grassi etossilati e degli alchilfenoli etossilati e altri monomeri caratterizzati da catene lipofile, tipicamente aventi almeno 8 atomi di carbonio. Particularly preferred are the so-called associative monomers or comonomers which, due to their lipophilic characteristics, impart to the polymeric molecules the property of associating with each other by means of non-covalent interactions. Examples of such associative monomers are stearylmethacrylate, stearylacrylate, vinylneodecanoate, itaconates and (meth) acrylates of ethoxylated fatty alcohols and ethoxylated alkylphenols and other monomers characterized by lipophilic chains, typically having at least 8 carbon atoms.
Il sistema solvente per la polimerizzazione dei monomeri è caratterizzato dal fatto che deve essere in grado di sciogliere gli stessi ma non il polimero prodotto che deve quindi precipitare durante la polimerizzazione. Si possono usare idrocarburi fra i quali per esempio pentano, esano, cicloesano, eptano, benzene e toluene, i solventi alogenati come diclorometano, dicloroetano, tricloroetano, i clorofluorocarburi e gli idrofluorocarburi, i chetoni come acetone, gli esteri come metile formiato, etile formiato, metile acetato e etile acetato, i solventi supercritici come per esempio anidride carbonica. Si possono usare anche miscele di questi solventi. Per esempio sono molto usate le miscele fra idrocarburi saturi ed esteri come le miscele fra cicloesano ed etile acetato. The solvent system for the polymerization of the monomers is characterized by the fact that it must be able to dissolve the same but not the polymer produced which must therefore precipitate during the polymerization. Hydrocarbons can be used including, for example, pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, heptane, benzene and toluene, halogenated solvents such as dichloromethane, dichloroethane, trichloroethane, chlorofluorocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons, ketones such as acetone, esters such as methyl formate, ethyl formate , methyl acetate and ethyl acetate, supercritical solvents such as carbon dioxide. Mixtures of these solvents can also be used. For example, mixtures between saturated hydrocarbons and esters are widely used, such as mixtures between cyclohexane and ethyl acetate.
Gli iniziatori di polimerizzazione sono solitamente perossidi o percarbonati organici come per esempio dilauroil perossido, dibenzoil perossido, dimiristilperossidicarbonato, bis-2-etilesilperossidicarbonato, di-terbutil-cicloesil-perossidicarbonato e molti altri. The polymerization initiators are usually organic peroxides or percarbonates such as for example dilauroyl peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, dimyristyl peroxydicarbonate, bis-2-ethylhexylperoxydicarbonate, di-terbutyl-cyclohexyl-peroxidicarbonate and many others.
Come iniziatori di polimerizzazione si possono usare anche azocomposti come per esempio l’azo-bis-isobutirronitrile. Azo compounds such as azo-bis-isobutyronitrile can also be used as polymerization initiators.
Se necessario si possono usare regolatori di peso molecolare come i mercaptani per esempio ottilmercaptano, mercaptoetanolo e altri. Molecular weight regulators such as mercaptans such as octylmercaptan, mercaptoethanol and others can be used if necessary.
Si possono anche eventualmente aggiungere, sia nella fase di sintesi sia dopo la polimerizzazione, tensioattivi o stabilizzanti polimerici come per esempio sorbitano monooleato, alcoli grassi etossilati, siliconi etossilati, polietileneglicole poliidrossistearato. It is also possible to optionally add, both in the synthesis phase and after the polymerization, surfactants or polymeric stabilizers such as for example sorbitan monooleate, ethoxylated fatty alcohols, ethoxylated silicones, polyethylene glycol polyhydroxystearate.
Le polimerizzazioni sono generalmente condotte a temperature comprese fra 0°C e 120°C ma nel caso dei solventi supercritici si possono effettuare solo sotto 0°C. Le pressioni di polimerizzazione sono generalmente comprese fra 0,1 e 10 bar. La miscela dei monomeri può anche essere alimentata completamente o parzialmente nella miscela di reazione durante la polimerizzazione. The polymerizations are generally carried out at temperatures between 0 ° C and 120 ° C but in the case of supercritical solvents they can only be carried out below 0 ° C. The polymerization pressures are generally between 0.1 and 10 bar. The monomer mixture can also be fed completely or partially into the reaction mixture during polymerization.
Dopo completamento della polimerizzazione il polimero può essere recuperato solitamente in forma di polvere per essiccamento della miscela di reazione in cui è disperso. Se necessario si può ricorrere alla filtrazione e all’essiccamento per ottenere un prodotto più puro. After completion of the polymerization, the polymer can usually be recovered in the form of a powder by drying the reaction mixture in which it is dispersed. If necessary, filtration and drying can be used to obtain a purer product.
Sono noti anche i sali dei metalli, in genere alcalini, di questi acidi poliacrilici reticolati come descritto per esempio in US4929690. Also known are the metal salts, generally alkaline, of these cross-linked polyacrylic acids as described for example in US4929690.
Si possono anche produrre facilmente i relativi sali di ammonio e di ammine mettendo in contatto l’acido poliacrilico direttamente con ammoniaca o con le rispettive ammine in presenza o meno di solvente inerte. The relative ammonium and amine salts can also be easily produced by contacting the polyacrylic acid directly with ammonia or with the respective amines in the presence or absence of an inert solvent.
La neutralizzazione dell’acido poliacrilico può essere parziale o totale., ad esempio con un metallo alcalino o con lo ione ammonio. The neutralization of polyacrylic acid can be partial or total., For example with an alkali metal or with the ammonium ion.
L’invenzione riguarda anche l’uso dei sali degli acidi poliacrilici qui descritti. The invention also relates to the use of the salts of the polyacrylic acids described here.
Si può anche sostituire il solvente di polimerizzazione con un altro più altobollente come descritto per esempio in US4420610. In questo modo si ottiene direttamente una dispersione stabile e concentrata di polimero in solvente inerte, per esempio ragia minerale, un olio minerale, un estere di un acido grasso come per esempio il butil oleato e quindi in forma liquida più facilmente maneggiabile e utilizzabile. It is also possible to replace the polymerization solvent with another higher boiling agent as described for example in US4420610. In this way, a stable and concentrated dispersion of polymer in an inert solvent is obtained directly, for example mineral spirits, a mineral oil, an ester of a fatty acid such as for example butyl oleate and therefore in a liquid form which is easier to handle and use.
In alternativa si possono disperdere le polveri in opportuni solventi come descritto per esempio in US4668731 ottenendo di nuovo, con o senza l’ausilio di additivi, dispersioni stabili e concentrate di polimero in solvente inerte, per esempio una ragia o un olio minerale, un estere di un acido grasso come per esempio il butil oleato e quindi in forma liquida più facilmente maneggiabile e utilizzabile. Alternatively, the powders can be dispersed in suitable solvents as described for example in US4668731 obtaining again, with or without the aid of additives, stable and concentrated dispersions of polymer in an inert solvent, for example a white spirit or a mineral oil, an ester of a fatty acid such as butyl oleate and therefore in liquid form more easily manageable and usable.
Si possono ottenere simili dispersioni in solventi inerti anche coi sali degli acidi policarbossilici descritti. Similar dispersions in inert solvents can also be obtained with the salts of the polycarboxylic acids described.
La particolare efficacia di questi prodotti deriva dalla caratteristica micro struttura delle loro particelle ottenibile solo nei processi per precipitazione. Si tratta infatti di particelle primarie di acido poliacrilico reticolato di dimensioni dell’ ordine delle frazioni di micron a loro volta legate in modo da produrre aggregati secondari di dimensioni comprese fra 1 e 20 micron. L’azione addensante di questi aggregati, una volta dispersi nel mezzo acquoso, avviene per semplice dissoluzione e neutralizzazione parziale o totale dell’acido policarbossilico attraverso un potente meccanismo di repulsione di carica. Le particelle si rigonfiano assorbendo il solvente e possono accrescere il loro diametro medio anche fino a 10 o 100 volte il valore iniziale. The particular effectiveness of these products derives from the characteristic micro structure of their particles which can only be obtained in processes by precipitation. In fact, these are primary particles of cross-linked polyacrylic acid with dimensions of the order of fractions of microns which are in turn bound in order to produce secondary aggregates of dimensions between 1 and 20 microns. The thickening action of these aggregates, once dispersed in the aqueous medium, occurs by simple dissolution and partial or total neutralization of the polycarboxylic acid through a powerful charge repulsion mechanism. The particles swell by absorbing the solvent and can increase their average diameter even up to 10 or 100 times the initial value.
I fluidi per perforazione a base acquosa sono i più comuni. Essi contengono generalmente acqua come componente principale, un agente di controllo del pH (per es. un idrossido alcalino), una carica ad alta densità (per es. barite, ematite, carbonato di calcio), un agente viscosizzante (per es. Water-based drilling fluids are the most common. They generally contain water as the main component, a pH control agent (e.g. an alkaline hydroxide), a high density filler (e.g. barite, hematite, calcium carbonate), a viscosifying agent (e.g.
bentonite, montmorillonite, attapulgite o poliacrilato/poliacrilammide ad alto peso molecolare e loro combinazioni) e un disperdente (lignite, lignosolfonati o poliacrilato a basso peso molecolare). bentonite, montmorillonite, attapulgite or high molecular weight polyacrylate / polyacrylamide and combinations thereof) and a dispersant (lignite, lignosulfonates or low molecular weight polyacrylate).
Si possono poi aggiungere altri additivi con lo scopo di modulare opportunamente le prestazioni del fluido in modo che questo risponda con efficacia alla variabilità delle formazioni geologiche da perforare. Other additives can then be added with the aim of suitably modulating the performance of the fluid so that it responds effectively to the variability of the geological formations to be drilled.
Per esempio, si usa cloruro di potassio per inibire il rigonfiamento e la disgregazione del particolato a base di argille. Se questo fenomeno diventa prevalente il fango si carica eccessivamente di inerti e si addensa a tal punto da bloccare le operazioni. For example, potassium chloride is used to inhibit the swelling and breakdown of clay-based particles. If this phenomenon becomes prevalent, the mud becomes excessively loaded with aggregates and thickens to the point of blocking operations.
Gli acidi poliacrilici dell’ invenzione hanno la funzione principale di viscosizzare il fluido di perforazione e sospendere il particolato in modo che possa essere trasportato col flusso all’esterno della zona di perforazione. The polyacrylic acids of the invention have the main function of viscosizing the drilling fluid and suspending the particulate so that it can be transported with the flow outside the drilling area.
Possono essere aggiunti al fluido di perforazione in forma acida o salificata e sia in polvere, granuli o preferibilmente liquida come dispersione stabile e fluida in un solvente inerte come per es. un olio minerale, una ragia minerale o un estere di un acido grasso come per esempio il butil oleato, l’isopropil miristato o un trigliceride. They can be added to the drilling fluid in acid or salified form and either in powder, granule or preferably liquid form as a stable and fluid dispersion in an inert solvent such as e.g. a mineral oil, a white spirit or an ester of a fatty acid such as butyl oleate, isopropyl myristate or a triglyceride.
Se non sono già neutralizzati gli acidi policarbossilici dell’invenzione possono esplicare la loro azione sia in forma acida che per parziale o totale neutralizzazione dovuta all’interazione con Γ alcalinità già presente nel fluido di perforazione e con l’agente di controllo del pH. If the polycarboxylic acids of the invention are not already neutralized, they can perform their action both in acid form and by partial or total neutralization due to the interaction with Γ alkalinity already present in the drilling fluid and with the pH control agent.
Di conseguenza mostrano ottime proprietà viscosizzanti, elevati poteri sospendenti sia in acqua, che in presenza di argille come la bentonite e soprattutto in presenza di sali come per esempio il cloruro di potassio e di sodio. Consequently they show excellent viscosifying properties, high suspending powers both in water, in the presence of clays such as bentonite and especially in the presence of salts such as potassium and sodium chloride.
Sebbene la funzione principale degli acidi policarbossilici e relativi sali dell’ invenzione sia quella di viscosizzare i fluidi di perforazione e sospendere il particolato, essi possono svolgere parallelamente anche funzioni secondarie quali quella di inibire la disgregazione del particolato di argilla (shale inhibitor) e quella di ridurre la perdita di fluido di perforazione attraverso, per esempio, le pareti del foro (fluid loss agent). Si tratta di funzioni che sono normalmente svolte dai polimeri idrosolubili o rigonfiabili in acqua che, adsorbendosi sulle superfici delle argille, producono dei film in grado di ritardare l’idratazione delle argille stesse e la penetrazione dell’acqua nei pori. Although the main function of the polycarboxylic acids and related salts of the invention is to viscosize the drilling fluids and suspend the particulate, they can also perform parallel secondary functions such as that of inhibiting the disintegration of clay particles (shale inhibitor) and that of reduce the loss of drilling fluid through, for example, the walls of the hole (fluid loss agent). These are functions that are normally performed by water-soluble or water-swellable polymers which, by adsorbing on the surfaces of the clays, produce films capable of delaying the hydration of the clays themselves and the penetration of water into the pores.
I polimeri carbossilici dell’invenzione possono essere usati nei fluidi di perforazione in dosaggi compresi fra 0.00 l%p e 2.000%, preferibilmente fra 0.0 l%p e 1.000%p. The carboxylic polymers of the invention can be used in drilling fluids in dosages ranging from 0.00 l% w to 2,000%, preferably between 0.0 l% w and 1,000% w.
Se formulati in dispersione in olio in cui l’attivo è generalmente compreso fra 20%p e 70%p i dosaggi sono compresi fra 0.001%p e 10%p, preferibilmente fra 0.0 l%p e 5.000%p. If formulated in dispersion in oil in which the active is generally between 20% w and 70% w, the dosages are between 0.001% w and 10% w, preferably between 0.0 l% w and 5,000% w.
Esempi Examples
È stato disperso con emulsionatore Silverson da laboratorio il polimero nella fase acquosa, alla concentrazione desiderata, fino a completa omogeneizzazione. The polymer was dispersed with a Silverson laboratory emulsifier in the aqueous phase, at the desired concentration, until complete homogenization.
Se necessario è stata aggiunta la bentonite (Bentosund 300 SS della Laviosa Chimica Mineraria) alla concentrazione desiderata e si è omogeneizzato. If necessary, bentonite (Bentosund 300 SS from Laviosa Chimica Mineraria) was added at the desired concentration and homogenized.
Agitando, è stato corretto il pH fra 7,0 e 8,0 con idrossido di sodio o acido cloridrico diluiti. While stirring, the pH was corrected between 7.0 and 8.0 with diluted sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid.
È stato misurato il tempo di caduta di ciascun fluido così ottenuto utilizzando l’imbuto di Marsh, strumento tipico, usato nel settore per stimare la viscosità dei fluidi di perforazione. The fall time of each fluid thus obtained was measured using the Marsh funnel, a typical instrument used in the industry to estimate the viscosity of drilling fluids.
Un tempo di caduta del fluido dall’imbuto di Marsh (Marsh funnel) compreso fra 40 e 150 secondi è stato considerato nella norma e rappresentativo della viscosità adatta a un fluido di perforazione. A fall time of the fluid from the Marsh funnel between 40 and 150 seconds was considered normal and representative of the viscosity suitable for a drilling fluid.
Una viscosità corrispondente a un tempo di caduta superiore a 150 secondi è stata considerata inadatta perché corrispondente a quella di un fluido non pompabile e fortemente dipendente dalla quantità di bentonite. A viscosity corresponding to a falling time greater than 150 seconds was considered unsuitable because it corresponds to that of a non-pumpable fluid and strongly dependent on the quantity of bentonite.
Le viscosità dei fluidi ottenuti sono state misurate anche con un viscosimetro Brookfield RVT-DV1 con lo scopo di ottenere il dato relativo al potere sospendente (BYV - Brookfield Yield Value). The viscosities of the fluids obtained were also measured with a Brookfield RVT-DV1 viscometer with the aim of obtaining the data relating to the suspending power (BYV - Brookfield Yield Value).
In tabella 1 e 2 il potere sospendente è espresso come Yield value (differenza tra il valore di viscosità Brookfield a 0,5 rispetto a 1,0 rpm/minuto, diviso per 100). Più alto è lo Yield value maggiore è il potere sospendente del fluido viscosizzato. In tables 1 and 2 the suspending power is expressed as Yield value (difference between the Brookfield viscosity value at 0.5 compared to 1.0 rpm / minute, divided by 100). The higher the yield value, the greater the suspending power of the viscous fluid.
La natura dei polimeri studiati è riportata di seguito. The nature of the studied polymers is shown below.
Legenda Legend
POLIMERO A (invenzione) - Polygel CB (3V Sigma) - acido poliacrilico reticolato ottenuto con polimerizzazione per precipitazione in diclorometano POLYMER A (invention) - Polygel CB (3V Sigma) - cross-linked polyacrylic acid obtained by precipitation polymerization in dichloromethane
POLIMERO B (invenzione) - Stabylen 30 (3V Sigma) - copolimero reticolato dell’acido acrilico con comonomero associativo ottenuto con polimerizzazione per precipitazione in diclorometano POLYMER B (invention) - Stabylen 30 (3V Sigma) - cross-linked copolymer of acrylic acid with associative comonomer obtained by polymerization by precipitation in dichloromethane
POLIMERO C (invenzione) - sale ammonico del POLIMERO B disperso a ca. 40%p in butil oleato POLYMER C (invention) - ammonium salt of POLYMER B dispersed at approx. 40% wt in butyl oleate
POLIMERO D (invenzione) - Carbopol 940 (Lubrizol) - acido poliacrilico reticolato ottenuto con polimerizzazione per precipitazione in benzene POLYMER D (invention) - Carbopol 940 (Lubrizol) - cross-linked polyacrylic acid obtained by polymerization by precipitation in benzene
POLIMERO E (confronto) - Duovis/Supervis (Miswaco) - gomma xanthana - viscosizzante e sospendente per fluidi di perforazione POLYMER E (comparison) - Duovis / Supervis (Miswaco) - xanthan gum - viscosizer and suspender for drilling fluids
POLIMERO F (confronto) - Ultrapac R (Marquis Alliance) - cellulosa anionica - viscosizzante e sospendente per fluidi di perforazione - fluid loss control agent. POLYMER F (comparison) - Ultrapac R (Marquis Alliance) - anionic cellulose - viscosizer and suspender for drilling fluids - fluid loss control agent.
Abbiamo anche rilevato che i tempi di idratazione necessari al raggiungimento di un fluido con viscosità costante sono stati decisamente più ridotti nel caso di utilizzo dei polimeri della presente invenzione rispetto a quelli necessari quando si sono utilizzati i due prodotti commerciali di confronto (POLIMERO E e POLIMERO F). We also found that the hydration times necessary to reach a fluid with constant viscosity were decidedly shorter in the case of using the polymers of the present invention than those necessary when using the two comparative commercial products (POLYMER E and POLYMER F).
Nella tabella 1 sono riportati i risultati comparativi ottenuti preparando i vari polimeri come riportato sopra, ad un concentrazione tale da raggiungere un valore di tempo di caduta compreso tra 80 e 110 secondi. Table 1 shows the comparative results obtained by preparing the various polymers as reported above, at a concentration such as to reach a falling time value of between 80 and 110 seconds.
Come si può osservare gli omopolimeri ed i copolimeri dell’acido acrilico (Polymer A, B, C e D), oggetto dell’invenzione, raggiungono tempi di caduta ideali nel Marsh funnel a concentrazioni 5-10 volte più basse rispetto ai prodotti commerciali di riferimento (Polymer E ed F). Questo permette quindi un risparmio economico e un minor inquinamento delle falde acquifere connesse alla perforazione. As can be seen, the homopolymers and copolymers of acrylic acid (Polymer A, B, C and D), object of the invention, reach ideal falling times in the Marsh funnel at concentrations 5-10 times lower than the commercial products of reference (Polymer E and F). This therefore allows for economic savings and less pollution of the aquifers connected to drilling.
Il potere sospendente, che è in relazione alla capacità di riportare in superficie i detriti di perforazione, è anch’esso nettamente migliorativo nei polimeri oggetto dell’invenzione rispetto ai riferimenti E ed F. The suspending power, which is related to the ability to bring the drilling debris back to the surface, is also clearly improved in the polymers object of the invention compared to references E and F.
Tabella 1 Table 1
ESEMPIO 1 2 3 4 5 6 EXAMPLE 1 2 3 4 5 6
POLIMER O POLIMERO POLIMERO POLIMERO POLIMERO POLIMERO POLYMER OR POLYMER POLYMER POLYMER POLYMER POLYMER
A B C D E F A B C D E F
(INVENZIONE) (INVENZIONE) (INVENZIONE) (INVENZIONE) (CONFRONTO) (CONFRONTO) (INVENTION) (INVENTION) (INVENTION) (INVENTION) (COMPARISON) (COMPARISON)
CONCENTRAZIONE 0,05% 0,05% 0,13% 0,09% 0,65% 0,43% CONCENTRATION 0.05% 0.05% 0.13% 0.09% 0.65% 0.43%
pH x NaOH 7,5 7,5 7,5 7,5 7,5 7,5 pH x NaOH 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5
VISCOSITÀ' * mPa.s 1250 1680 1360 1200 1400 200 VISCOSITY * mPa.s 1250 1680 1360 1200 1400 200
YIELD VALUE 76,8 117,6 103,2 68,4 35 4 YIELD VALUE 76.8 117.6 103.2 68.4 35 4
MARSH FUNNEL (sec.) 80 105 85 95 75 60 MARSH FUNNEL (sec.) 80 105 85 95 75 60
*) BROOKFIELD RVT DV-I *) BROOKFIELD RVT DV-I
20 rpm spindle 2 20 rpm spindle 2
Tabella 2 Table 2
ESEMPIO 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 POLIMERO POLIMERO POLIMERO POLIMERO POLIMERO POLIMERO BENTONITE EXAMPLE 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 POLYMER POLYMER POLYMER POLYMER POLYMER POLYMER POLYMER BENTONITE
A B C D E F A B C D E F
(INVENZIONE) (INVENZIONE) (INVENZIONE) (INVENZIONE) (CONFRONTO) (CONFRONTO) (INVENTION) (INVENTION) (INVENTION) (INVENTION) (COMPARISON) (COMPARISON)
CONCENTRAZIONE 0,05% 0,05% 0,13% 0,09% 0,65% 0,43% CONCENTRATION 0.05% 0.05% 0.13% 0.09% 0.65% 0.43%
BENTOSUND 300 SS 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% pH x NaOH 7,5 7,5 7,5 7,5 7,5 7,5 9,5 VISCOSITÀ' ** mPa.s 2840 2250 2150 2500 3200 3700 950 YIELD VALUE 208 166 136 124 110 120 42 MARSH FUNNEL (sec.) 140 120 100 135 300 >600 50 BENTOSUND 300 SS 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% pH x NaOH 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 9.5 VISCOSITY ** mPa.s 2840 2250 2150 2500 3200 3700 950 YIELD VALUE 208 166 136 124 110 120 42 MARSH FUNNEL (sec.) 140 120 100 135 300> 600 50
**) BROOKFIELD RVT DV-I 20 rpm spindle 4 **) BROOKFIELD RVT DV-I 20 rpm spindle 4
Nella tabella 2 sono riportati i dati di viscosità e potere sospendente espresso come BYV delle miscele viscosizzate con Bentonite. Table 2 shows the viscosity and suspending power data expressed as BYV of the mixtures viscous with Bentonite.
Durante le fasi di perforazione è spesso necessario interrompere le operazioni e sostituire il fluido di perforazione contenente argille (Bentonite) con un fluido pulito a base di polimero organico. During the drilling phases it is often necessary to stop operations and replace the drilling fluid containing clay (Bentonite) with a clean fluid based on organic polymer.
Si preferisce effettuare questa sostituzione perché Γ argilla (Bentonite) tende a stratificare e non perde viscosità nel tempo portando al blocco della perforatrice nelle fasi di fermo. Un fluido a base di polimero organico senza argille si degrada invece progressivamente, dando una soluzione con bassa viscosità. This substitution is preferred because Γ clay (Bentonite) tends to stratify and does not lose viscosity over time, leading to blockage of the drill during the stop phases. A fluid based on organic polymer without clay degrades progressively, giving a solution with low viscosity.
A tutti i polimeri è stato aggiunto il 3,0% di Bentonite per simulare il processo di inevitabile parziale mescolamento che avviene fra il fluido di perforazione contenente argille (Bentonite) e il fluido di sostituzione a base di polimero organico. Come si può osservare gli omopolimeri ed i copolimeri dell’acido acrilico (Polymer A, B, C e D), oggetto di codesta invenzione non sono influenzati dalla presenza della Bentonite, mentre coi polimeri di confronto si osserva un importante incremento della viscosità Brookfield e del tempo di svuotamento all’imbuto di Marsh. Viscosità troppo elevate sono quindi indice di incompatibilità e possono portare al blocco delle operazioni di sostituzione del fluido. 3.0% Bentonite was added to all polymers to simulate the inevitable partial mixing process that occurs between the drilling fluid containing clay (Bentonite) and the organic polymer-based substitution fluid. As can be observed, the homopolymers and copolymers of acrylic acid (Polymer A, B, C and D), object of this invention, are not influenced by the presence of Bentonite, while with the comparative polymers an important increase in Brookfield viscosity is observed and of emptying time at Marsh's funnel. Too high viscosities are therefore an indication of incompatibility and can lead to blocking of fluid replacement operations.
Dalle tabelle 1 e 2 emerge sorprendentemente il comportamento del POLIMERO C (invenzione), sale ammonico del POLIMERO B disperso a ca il 40%p in Butil Oleato. Tale formulato pur in presenza di un minor contenuto di attivo polimerico evidenzia buone capacità viscosizzanti a basse concentrazioni e buona compatibilità con la Bentonite. Il fatto che si presenti come dispersione liquida lo rende particolarmente vantaggioso negli usi diretti sul campo rispetto alle polveri. Può essere facilmente prelevato, dosato Tables 1 and 2 surprisingly show the behavior of POLYMER C (invention), ammonium salt of POLYMER B dispersed at about 40% wt in Butyl Oleate. Even in the presence of a lower content of polymeric active, this formulation shows good viscosifying properties at low concentrations and good compatibility with Bentonite. The fact that it occurs as a liquid dispersion makes it particularly advantageous in direct field uses compared to powders. It can be easily taken, dosed
e non ha problemi di polverosità in ambienti esposti alle intemperie. and has no problems with dust in environments exposed to bad weather.
Nella tabella 3 sono riportati i dati di resistenza ai sali (Potassio Cloruro) Table 3 shows the resistance data to salts (Potassium Chloride)
di alcuni dei polimeri dell’ invenzione. I valori di viscosità sono stati misurati con of some of the polymers of the invention. Viscosity values were measured with
viscosimetro Brookfield RVT-DV1. Come si può osservare i polimeri Brookfield RVT-DV1 viscometer. As can be seen the polymers
dell’ invenzione riescono a sopportare elevate valori di forza ionica del fango di of the invention are able to withstand high values of ionic strength of the mud of
perforazione senza perdere completamente le capacità viscosizzanti. perforation without completely losing the viscous properties.
Tabella 3 Table 3
% KC1 0,5% POLYMER A 1% POLYMER A 1,5% POLYMER A mPa.s * mPa.s * mPa.s * % KC1 0,5% POLYMER A 1% POLYMER A 1,5% POLYMER A mPa.s * mPa.s * mPa.s *
0 6800 10300 16000 0 6800 10300 16000
1 1050 5500 10500 1 1050 5500 10500
2 300 3350 8500 2 300 3350 8500
3 0 2200 7000 3 0 2200 7000
4 0 1500 6000 4 0 1500 6000
% KC1 0,5% POLYMER B 1% POLYMER B 1,5% POLYMER B mPa.s * mPa.s * mPa.s * % KC1 0,5% POLYMER B 1% POLYMER B 1,5% POLYMER B mPa.s * mPa.s * mPa.s *
0 9000 25000 51000 0 9000 25000 51000
1 1800 12500 30000 1 1800 12500 30000
2 800 7500 23000 2 800 7500 23000
3 450 5000 13500 3 450 5000 13500
4 150 2450 11500 4 150 2450 11500
% KC1 1,32% POLYMER C 2,63% POLYMER C 3,95% POLYMER C mPa.s * mPa.s * mPa.s * % KC1 1.32% POLYMER C 2.63% POLYMER C 3.95% POLYMER C mPa.s * mPa.s * mPa.s *
0 9200 32000 65000 0 9200 32000 65000
1 4500 28000 45000 1 4500 28000 45000
2 1800 13500 32000 2 1800 13500 32000
3 1000 8000 25000 3 1000 8000 25000
4 500 5000 17000 4 500 5000 17000
*) Brookfield Viscometer RTV-DV *) Brookfield Viscometer RTV-DV
Claims (15)
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Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4486316A (en) * | 1979-02-02 | 1984-12-04 | Nl Industries, Inc. | Borehole drilling fluid and method |
US5362415A (en) * | 1992-07-01 | 1994-11-08 | Coatex S.A. | Acrylic copolymer which is water-soluble or moderately water-soluble and may be crosslinked; and its use |
-
2012
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---|---|---|---|---|
US4486316A (en) * | 1979-02-02 | 1984-12-04 | Nl Industries, Inc. | Borehole drilling fluid and method |
US5362415A (en) * | 1992-07-01 | 1994-11-08 | Coatex S.A. | Acrylic copolymer which is water-soluble or moderately water-soluble and may be crosslinked; and its use |
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