ITMI20111316A1 - BUILDING WITH SUMMER / WINTER INTEGRATED AIR-CONDITIONING PLANT, REDUCED ENERGY CONSUMPTION. - Google Patents

Description

"BUILDING WITH INTEGRATED SUMMER / WINTER AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM, WITH REDUCED ENERGY CONSUMPTION"

DESCRIPTION

The present invention relates to a building with an integrated summer / winter air conditioning system, with reduced energy consumption.

As is known, the main systems currently used to perform environmental air conditioning are: radiator systems, floor radiant panel systems, fan coil systems.

Radiator systems are extremely quiet, but have the drawback of having an aesthetic impact that is not always appreciated in the environment in which they are installed.

Underfloor radiant panel systems offer the advantage of being invisible and equally silent, but have the drawback of not always being appreciated by the user as, during the winter season, they produce excessive and annoying heating for the lower limbs of users.

Fan coil systems have various advantages, such as the high heat output, the speed with which they bring the room to the desired temperature, as well as the fact that they can be used to cool and dehumidify the environment during the summer season, but denote the inconvenience of being noisy.

The systems described above, of known type, also have in common the drawback consisting of the lifting of dust and the circulation of bacteria due to the convective motions of the air deriving from their operation.

The movement of the air present in an environment, certainly very perceptible in fan coil systems that can even generate annoying air currents, is however perceptible in radiator systems and is not negligible even in floor radiant panel systems which operate the heat exchange, as well as with a radiant component of 85%, also with a convective component of 15% that lifts dust and bacteria from the floor.

A further drawback of the aforementioned known type systems is represented by the relatively high temperature difference between the heat transfer fluid introduced into the heat exchangers used and the temperature of the environment to be air-conditioned, necessary for proper operation of the system. This temperature difference precludes or makes it difficult to use renewable or recovery energies to operate these types of plants.

The aim of the present invention is to solve the above problems by proposing a building with an integrated summer / winter air conditioning system which is particularly comfortable and healthy for users.

Within this aim, an object of the invention is to propose a building with an integrated summer / winter air conditioning system, which effectively avoids raising dust and bacteria in the air conditioned environment.

Another object of the invention is to provide a building with an integrated summer / winter air conditioning system which is economically convenient.

A further object of the invention is to provide a building with an integrated summer / winter air conditioning system which can use components with high efficiency, as well as renewable or recovery energy sources.

Not least object of the invention is to provide a building with an integrated summer / winter air conditioning system which offers the maximum guarantees of safety and reliability in use.

This task, as well as these and other purposes which will appear better later, are achieved by a building with an integrated summer / winter air conditioning system, comprising a volume to be air conditioned delimited by a floor, side walls and a ceiling, characterized by the fact that , at least in said side walls, a cavity suitable for the circulation of air inside it is defined, with means for cooling / heating the air and means for circulating said air in said cavity.

Further characteristics and advantages of the invention will become clearer from the description of a preferred but not exclusive embodiment of the building with an integrated summer / winter air conditioning system according to the invention, illustrated, by way of non-limiting example, in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 illustrates a portion of the building according to the invention in a perspective and sectional view;

Figure 2 is a sectional view of the building according to the invention in a horizontal plane;

Figure 3 is a schematic section of Figure 2 taken along the line III-III;

Figure 4 illustrates the ambient air conditioning conditions obtainable in the building according to the invention shown on the Mollier diagram of the humid air.

With reference to the aforementioned figures, the building according to the invention, globally indicated by the reference number 1, comprises a volume to be conditioned 2 which is delimited by a floor 3, side walls 4 and a ceiling 5. In the embodiment illustrated, the volume to be conditioned 2 is divided into several compartments by internal dividing walls 6, but the number and shape of the compartments may be different from those illustrated, according to requirements.

According to the invention, at least in the side walls 4, an interspace 7 is defined which is suitable for allowing the circulation of air inside it and means are provided for cooling / heating air 8 and means 9 for circulating this air inside it. inside the interspace 7.

Preferably, the interspace 7 not only affects the side walls 4, but also extends into the floor 3 and the ceiling 5 so that the volume to be conditioned 2 is completely surrounded by this interspace 7.

In the floor 3, the interspace 7 can be obtained using bricks 10 called "igloo", concave at the bottom, laid on the crawl space 11, in a per se known manner. On these bricks 10 the cauldron 12 is cast on which the covering 13 made of ceramic, wood or other known type of covering material is laid.

On the side walls 4 and on the ceiling 5, the cavity 7 can be made by means of plasterboard panels 14, adequately spaced from the internal side of the masonry part of the side wall 4 or of the ceiling 5. The masonry part of the side walls 4 can be made of reinforced concrete, or brick, depending on the needs. The ceiling 5 can be made, in a per se known manner, of brick.

Preferably, the side of the masonry parts facing the plasterboard panels 14 is covered with a layer 15 of thermally insulating material, such as for example expanded polyurethane.

Preferably, the thickness of the interspace 7 is substantially comprised between 5 cm and 10 cm.

The cooling / heating means 8 of the air and the means for circulating this air inside the interspace 7 can be comprised in a main air treatment unit 16 of a known type, for example of the type used for the direct introduction of air into rooms to be air-conditioned currently used in civil, commercial or industrial buildings. This main treatment unit 16 is served by a boiler in the winter season and by a refrigeration cycle system in the summer season which can possibly be used as a heat pump for the winter season. This main treatment unit 16 is able to control and modify, if required, in a per se known manner, as well as the temperature, also the humidity of the treated air which constitutes the heat-carrying fluid which is introduced and circulated in the cavity 7.

In the illustrated embodiment, the main treatment unit 16 comprises a main chamber 19 which is connected to a suction duct 20 connected to the part of the interspace 7 defined in the floor 3 and to a delivery duct 21 connected to the part of the interspace 7 defined in the ceiling 5. The means for circulation 9 comprise at least one fan 22 which is arranged in the main chamber 19 and which can be operated to cause a flow of air from the intake duct 20 towards the delivery duct 21. Along the chamber main 19 a first heat exchanger 23 fed by a boiler 17 is arranged which, during the winter season, supplies said heat exchanger 23 with a heated fluid to cause the heating of the air flowing along the main chamber 19. Possibly the boiler 17 can be assisted in heating the fluid to be sent to the heat exchanger 23 by solar panels 24 of the thermal type located s on roof 25 of building 1.

In the main chamber 19 there is a second heat exchanger 26 connected to a refrigerating unit 27 which, during the summer season, supplies the second heat exchanger 26 with a cooled fluid to cause the cooling of the air flowing along the main chamber 19 .

The main treatment unit 16 also comprises a filter 28 which is arranged in the main chamber 19.

Upstream of the filter 28, the main chamber 19 has a branch 29 in communication with the outside to integrate and exchange the air that is introduced into the interspace 7.

The main air handling unit 16 is preferably adjusted in such a way as to ensure, for the air that is introduced into the interspace 7, a temperature substantially comprised between 25 ° C and 30 ° C in winter and substantially between 20 ° C and 25 ° C in summer, with an air humidity between 30% and 70%, preferably substantially equal to 60% in winter and 50% in summer.

Conveniently, the plant also includes air exchange means in such a way as to satisfy the hygiene standards which provide for a renewal of the air in the rooms equal to half a volume / hour. These air exchange means can consist of an auxiliary air treatment unit of a known type which draws air directly from the outside and which, after filtration and possible dehumidification, introduces it into the volume to be conditioned 2.

Eventually, the interspace 7 can communicate both with the volume to be conditioned 2 and with the outside in such a way as to perform the required air exchange using a single treatment unit, which can be constituted by the main treatment unit 16, to treat both the air to be circulated in the interspace 7 and the air to be introduced into the volume to be conditioned 2 to obtain the required air exchange.

The operation of the environmental air conditioning system integrated in the building 1 according to the invention is as follows.

The main air handling unit 16 introduces the air and causes its circulation, at a predetermined temperature and humidity, inside the interspace 7. In this way, the side walls 4, the floor 3 and the ceiling 5 the heat exchanges operate with the volume to be air-conditioned 2 obtaining, inside, the desired thermohygrometric conditions.

It should be noted that, thanks to the fact that the heat exchange surface is very high, it is possible to operate effectively with temperature differences between the temperature of the air introduced into the cavity 7 and the desired temperature inside the volume to be air conditioning 2, extremely small. This makes it possible to operate with temperatures of the air introduced into the interspace 7, during the winter season, which are considerably lower than the temperatures required for the heat-carrying fluids of traditional heating systems. For this reason, in the system integrated with the building 1 according to the invention, it is possible to use condensing boilers, having a high thermal efficiency, as well as to exploit alternative energies such as solar, geothermal or recovery from industrial processes.

The same air circulation inside the interspace 7 creates a sort of extremely effective barrier which thermally isolates the volume to be conditioned 2 from the external environment, allowing to obtain a high efficiency in the conditioning.

In this way, the climatic conditions inside the air conditioned volume by means of the air conditioning system integrated with the building 1 according to the invention always coincide with the well-being areas indicated in the Mollier diagram illustrated in Figure 4 in which the two points Pi and P2 corresponding to the preferred operating conditions of 20 ° C with 60% humidity in winter and 25 ° C with 50% humidity in summer.

It should also be noted that the temperature of the internal side of the walls, ceiling and floor is always higher than the dew point indicated in the Mollier diagram and therefore the formation of mold or damp spots is absolutely excluded, ensuring conditions of healthy life for the inhabitants of the building.

In practice it has been found that the building with integrated summer / winter air conditioning system according to the invention fully achieves the intended aim as it allows to obtain air conditioning with extremely comfortable and healthy conditions for the users.

Another advantage of the invention is constituted by the fact that it requires significantly lower installation and operating costs than those required by air conditioning systems of the traditional type.

It should also be noted that the reduced difference between the temperature of the air introduced into the cavity and the temperature to be reached in the volume to be air-conditioned makes it possible to use alternative energies with lower costs than those required by known-type air-conditioning systems.

Finally, thanks to the limited power required, the air conditioning system integrated with the building can use Stirling cycle engines for domestic use.

Furthermore, the building according to the invention does not present particular construction problems as it can be made with traditional construction materials, already widely used in construction, and does not present particular problems of compensation of the thermal expansion deriving from the heating of the air inside. of the cavity as the maximum expected temperature is 30 ° C and therefore lower than the temperature that is normally reached and exceeded in the summer season.

The building according to the invention, in addition to being able to be made as a fixed construction, can also be made as a light prefabricated building with a modular composition, air-transportable, to be used in areas damaged by natural events. This prefabricated building, equipped with a cogenerator of electrical and thermal energy, preferably with an external combustion engine with Stirling cycle running on LPG gas, would be able to ensure a valid shelter for people who could not otherwise be rescued.

The building with integrated summer / winter air conditioning system thus conceived is susceptible of numerous modifications and variations, all of which are within the scope of the inventive concept; moreover, all the details can be replaced by other technically equivalent elements.

In practice, the materials used, as well as the dimensions, may be any according to the requirements and the state of the art.

Claims (8)

R I V E N D I C A Z I O N I 1. Building (1) with integrated summer / winter air conditioning system, comprising a volume to be air conditioned (2) bounded by a floor (3), side walls (4) and a ceiling (5), characterized by the fact that, at least in said side walls (4), an interspace (7) is defined which is suitable for the circulation of air inside it, with means for cooling / heating (8) of air and means for circulation (9) of said air in said interspace (7). 2. Building (1), according to claim 1, characterized in that said interspace (7) is also defined in said floor (3). Building (1), according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that said interspace (7) is also defined in said ceiling (5). Building (1), according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said air has a predetermined humidity and temperature. 5. Building (1), according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises means for exchanging the air in said volume to be conditioned (2). Building (1), according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said interspace (7) has a thickness substantially comprised between 5 cm and 10 cm. Building (1), according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said predetermined temperature is substantially comprised between 25 ° C and 30 ° C for winter air conditioning and between 20 ° C and 25 ° C for summer air conditioning . Building (1), according to one or more of the preceding claims, that said interspace {7} is delimited towards the external side of said side walls (4) by a layer (15) of thermally insulating material.