IT8320459A1 - BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVATED MUD CONCENTRATION METHOD IN A SPECIAL WAY - Google Patents
BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVATED MUD CONCENTRATION METHOD IN A SPECIAL WAY Download PDFInfo
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- IT8320459A1 IT8320459A1 IT1983A20459A IT2045983A IT8320459A1 IT 8320459 A1 IT8320459 A1 IT 8320459A1 IT 1983A20459 A IT1983A20459 A IT 1983A20459A IT 2045983 A IT2045983 A IT 2045983A IT 8320459 A1 IT8320459 A1 IT 8320459A1
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- sludge
- mud
- concentration
- physical structure
- suspension
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 38
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002826 nitrites Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 15
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical class [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000867 polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 description 2
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011345 viscous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001430149 Clostridiaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 102000035195 Peptidases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000036782 biological activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010170 biological method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000014 iron salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 nitrate ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011197 physicochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229940024999 proteolytic enzymes for treatment of wounds and ulcers Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
- C02F3/342—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used characterised by the enzymes used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/24—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flotation
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Enzymes And Modification Thereof (AREA)
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
Description
Descrizione dell ' invenzione avente per titolo: METODO DI CONCENTRAZIONE DI FANGO BIOLOGICAMENTE ATTIVATO IN MODO SPECIALE? Description of the invention entitled: METHOD OF CONCENTRATION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVATED MUD IN A SPECIAL WAY?
RIASSUNTO SUMMARY
L'invenzione concerne un metodo di concentrazione di fanghi biologici, attivati in modo speciale, mediante modificazione della loro struttura fisica attraverso un metodo biologico. The invention relates to a method of concentrating biological sludge, activated in a special way, by modifying their physical structure through a biological method.
Il metodo di concentrazione consiste nel fatto che si aggiungono ai fanghi composti azotati contenenti ossigeno, nel modo pi? opportuno nitrati o nitriti, in una quantit? compresa fra 50 e 1000 g/m ad una temperatura compresa fra 5 e 45?C e ad un pH fra 5 e 8,5 in condizioni anaerobiche, e successivamente, vale a dire dopo 15 minuti - 3 ore, "fiocchi" di fango con struttura fisica modificata, formati in seguito ad attivit? enzimica, vengano direttamente concentrati. The method of concentration consists in the fact that nitrogen compounds containing oxygen are added to the sludge, in the most suitable way. appropriate nitrates or nitrites, in a quantity? between 50 and 1000 g / m at a temperature between 5 and 45 ° C and at a pH between 5 and 8.5 in anaerobic conditions, and subsequently, ie after 15 minutes - 3 hours, "flakes" of mud with modified physical structure, trained following activities? enzymic, are directly concentrated.
Il procedimento d? luogo ad un concentrato di fango e risulta, nei confronti dei procedimenti esistenti, semplice, rapido e soprattutto, economico. The procedure d? resulting in a concentration of mud and is, compared to existing procedures, simple, rapid and above all, economical.
DESCRIZIONE DELL'INVENZIONE DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
L'oggetto dell'invenzione ? un metodo di concentrazione di fango biologico, attivato in modo speciale, mediante modifica nella struttura fisica del fango effettuata attraverso il trattamento sotto descritto. The object of the invention? a method of concentrating biological sludge, activated in a special way, by modifying the physical structure of the sludge carried out through the treatment described below.
Questi fanghi si formano nel trattamento di acque di rifiuto mediante cosiddette filtrazione biologica e attivazione biologica. Durante questi processi di purificazione, vari microorganismi presenti nell'acqua di rifiuto proliferano e utilizzano impurezze solubili per la produzione di biomassa. L'acqua di rifiuto viene pertanto liberata dalle sostanze disciolte?, l'acqua purificata viene poi fatta ritornare agli acquedotti. I microorganismi separati per sedimentazione formano un fango biologico. These sludges are formed in the treatment of waste water by means of so-called biological filtration and biological activation. During these purification processes, various microorganisms present in the waste water proliferate and use soluble impurities for the production of biomass. The waste water is therefore freed from dissolved substances ?, the purified water is then returned to the aqueducts. The microorganisms separated by sedimentation form a biological sludge.
Il fango viene ulteriormente trattato, in vista di un completo smaltimento o di una ulteriore utilizzazione. The sludge is further treated, with a view to complete disposal or further use.
Smaltimento di fanghi si ottiene attraverso metodi classici basati sulla setticizzaziane o digestione dei fanghi stessi. Ci? viene attuato principalmente in cosiddetti campi di fanghi o lagune di fanghi in cui avviene filtrazione e rimozione di acqua mediante evaporazione e il fango viene digerito in condizioni aerobiche ed anaerobiche combinate. Il trattamento richiede grandi aree e presenta effetti negativi nei confronti dell'ambiente circostante. Un metodo con effettimbientali meno negativi ? rappresentato dalla digestione in condizioni anaerobiche. Tuttavia, esso richiede elevati investimenti per la costruzione di camere di digestione sotto pressione ermeticamente chiuse. In queste camere avviene una profonda trasformazione , durante la quale il fango viene pressocch? mineralizzato. Ci? ? accompagnato da forti perdite e degradazione della sostanza organica e dallo sviluppo di gas quali idrogeno, ammoniaca, metano, anidride carbonica, idrogeno solforato, azoto, eccos? via. La sospensione digerita proveniente da entrambi i trattamenti pu? essere impiegata soltanto come fertilizzante. Energia pu? essere prodotta sotto forma di gas infiammabili (metano, idrogeno solforato, idrogeno). Sludge disposal is achieved through classical methods based on septicization or digestion of the sludge itself. There? it is mainly carried out in so-called mud fields or mud lagoons where filtration and removal of water takes place by evaporation and the mud is digested under combined aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The treatment requires large areas and has negative effects on the surrounding environment. A method with less negative environmental effects? represented by digestion under anaerobic conditions. However, it requires high investment in the construction of hermetically sealed pressurized digestion chambers. In these chambers a profound transformation takes place, during which the mud comes almost? mineralized. There? ? accompanied by heavy losses and degradation of the organic substance and by the development of gases such as hydrogen, ammonia, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, nitrogen, etc. Street. The digested suspension from both treatments can? be used only as a fertilizer. Energy can? be produced in the form of flammable gases (methane, hydrogen sulphide, hydrogen).
Poich? la biomassa del fango contiene circa 40% di proteina per peso a secco, sono stati fatti tentativi per impiegare determinati tipi di fango come alimentazione per il bestiame. A tal fine, la biomassa del fango deve essere essiccata. Prima dell'essiccamento, il fango deve essere disidratato quanto pi? possibile. La disidratazione e la concentrazione di fanghi biologici ? nota, fra gli esperti, come un problema assai difficile. Ci? ? dovuto al fatto che il fango attivo presenta una struttura fisica inopportuna. A causa di questa struttura, esso lega forti quantit? di acqua che possano essere rimossi soltanto con difficolt?. Il fango ? perci? fortemente voluminoso. Since? sludge biomass contains about 40% protein by dry weight, attempts have been made to use certain types of sludge as feed for livestock. To this end, the sludge biomass must be dried. Before drying, the sludge must be dehydrated as much as possible. possible. Dewatering and the concentration of biological sludge? notes, among experts, as a very difficult problem. There? ? due to the fact that the activated sludge has an inappropriate physical structure. Due to this structure, it binds large amounts of water. of water that can only be removed with difficulty. The mud ? why? strongly bulky.
Fango biologico ottenuto attraverso semplice sedimentazione presenta un peso a secco di circa 1%. Esso viene concentrato attraverso la cosiddetta flottazione mediante pressione, che si basa sul fatto di far passare forzatamente aria compressa finemente dispersa attraverso la sospensione di fango. Le bolle d'aria trasportano i fiocchi di fango verso la superficie. Il fango sottoposto a flottazione contiene un massimo del 5% in peso a secco. La concentrazione viene provocata puramente da una pi? netta separazione della fase liquida dalla sospensione fangosa, mentre la struttura fisica rimane invariata. Il metodo di flottazione richiede considerevoli investimenti e comporta costi energetici associati alla produzione di aria compressa. La biomassa separata viene ulteriormente concentrata in centrifughe di decantazione. La concentrazione finale raggiunge un massimo del 10% in peso a secco dovuto alla invariata struttura fisica. Allo scopo di aumentare l'effetto di centrifugazione , 3a struttura fisica del fango trat tato viene migliorata attraverso metodi chimico-fisici come ad esempio l'applicazione di sali di alluminio o ferro, polielettroliti, e cos? via, in grado di provocare una variazione nella carica elettrica delle micelle di fango e del relativo strato di idratazione. Di conseguenza, l'acqua legata mediante forze adesive alla grande superficie delle particelle sferiche viene liberata. La variazione di struttura fisica provocata dal procedimento assicura una buona concentrazione nella centrifuga di decantazione, che si avvicina alla concentrazione raggiunta dalla centrifugazione di microorganismi unicellulari come ad esempio lieviti. Questo procedimento richiede pure forti spese, dovute specialmente al costo dei prodotti chimici-polielettroliti - che sale costantemente. Questi svantaggi vengono evitati attraverso il metodo descritto nella presente invenzione, in cui una variazione nella struttura fisica del fango viene ottenuta attraverso un processo a basso costo utilizzante l'attivit? enzimica dei microorganismi presenti nel fango biologico, attivato in modo speciale. Biological sludge obtained through simple sedimentation has a dry weight of about 1%. It is concentrated through so-called pressure flotation, which is based on forcing finely dispersed compressed air to pass through the sludge slurry. Air bubbles carry mud flakes to the surface. The flotation sludge contains a maximum of 5% dry weight. The concentration is purely caused by a pi? clear separation of the liquid phase from the muddy suspension, while the physical structure remains unchanged. The flotation method requires considerable investments and involves energy costs associated with the production of compressed air. The separated biomass is further concentrated in decanting centrifuges. The final concentration reaches a maximum of 10% by dry weight due to the unchanged physical structure. In order to increase the centrifugation effect, the physical structure of the treated sludge is improved through physico-chemical methods such as the application of aluminum or iron salts, polyelectrolytes, and so on. via, capable of causing a change in the electrical charge of the mud micelles and of the relative hydration layer. As a result, the water bound by adhesive forces to the large surface of the spherical particles is released. The physical structure variation caused by the process ensures a good concentration in the decanting centrifuge, which is close to the concentration reached by the centrifugation of unicellular microorganisms such as yeasts. This process also requires high costs, especially due to the cost of chemical products - polyelectrolytes - which is constantly rising. These disadvantages are avoided through the method described in the present invention, in which a change in the physical structure of the sludge is achieved through a low cost process utilizing the activity. enzymes of the microorganisms present in the biological sludge, activated in a special way.
La inopportuna struttura fisica del fango ? dovuta, oltre che al sopra citato strato di idratazione di microorganismi e di acqua extra cellulare all'interno della micella di fango, anche al fatto che un certo manero di microorganismi presenti nel fango forma involucri viscosi extra cellulari fatti di polisaccaridi che sono presenti nella cellula. Le sostanze costituenti l'involucro viscoso presentano una elevata attitudine a legare acqua e sono la causa principale della scarsa disidratabilit? dei fanghi. Gli ordinari tentativi per migliore le strutture fisiche di fanghi non prendono in considerazione questo fatto e i procedimenti tradizionali hanno pertanto una scarsa efficacia. The inappropriate physical structure of the mud? due, in addition to the aforementioned hydration layer of microorganisms and extra cellular water inside the mud micelle, also to the fact that a certain number of microorganisms present in the mud form extra cellular viscous envelopes made of polysaccharides that are present in the cell . The substances constituting the viscous envelope have a high aptitude to bind water and are the main cause of the poor dehydratability. sludge. Ordinary attempts to improve physical sludge structures do not take this fact into consideration and traditional processes are therefore of little effectiveness.
La variazione nella struttura fisica del fango attraverso processi enzimici ? stata trattata per The variation in the physical structure of the mud through enzymic processes? been treated for
la prima volta brevetto cecoslovacco no. 153046 "A method of concentrazion of organic sludges" (metodo di concentrazione di fanghi organici) (Barta, Fechtner, Hanzlic?k, Verner, Vesely) e nel brevetto cecoslovacco No. 147846 "A method of reducing th? liquid phase content in organic sludges" (metodo per ridurre il contenuto di fase liquida in fanghi organici) (Barta, Dyr, Hanzlic?k, Verner, Vesely). In conformit? a questi procedimenti, puntamio principalmente sulla cosiddetta flottazione biologica, una concentrazione sostanzialmente pi? elevata della fase solida sottoposta a flottazione, della sospensione di fango, nonch? un considerevole risparmio di energia nei confronti della cosiddetta flottazione mediante pressione, s? ottiene attraverso una fermentazione controllata utili* colture the first time Czechoslovakian patent no. 153046 "A method of concentration of organic sludges" (Barta, Fechtner, Hanzlic? K, Verner, Vesely) and in the Czechoslovakian patent No. 147846 "A method of reducing th? Liquid phase content in organic sludges "(method for reducing the liquid phase content in organic sludge) (Barta, Dyr, Hanzlic? k, Verner, Vesely). In accordance with to these procedures, aiming mainly on the so-called biological flotation, a substantially more concentration? high of the solid phase subjected to flotation, of the sludge suspension, as well as? a considerable saving of energy against the so-called flotation by pressure, s? obtains useful * crops through a controlled fermentation
zante/selezionate , pure o in sospensione fangosa, previamente moltiplicate, di batteri di denitrificazione, con, oppure senza,aggiunta di ioni nitrato. Questi procedimenti risultano assai pi? economici rispetto ai metodi sopra citati, ma richiedono un notevole dispendio di tempo e una manipolazione a due stadi, nonch? contenitori di grande volume per la preparazione di inoculo e per la flottazione biologica stessa. zante / selected, pure or in muddy suspension, previously multiplied, of denitrification bacteria, with or without the addition of nitrate ions. These procedures are much more? inexpensive compared to the methods mentioned above, but require a considerable expenditure of time and a two-stage manipulation, as well as? large volume containers for inoculum preparation and for biological flotation itself.
Il metodo per la concentrazione di fanghi biologici, attivati in modo speciale, secondo la presente invenzione, elimina alcuni di questi svantaggi. The method for concentrating specially activated biological sludge according to the present invention eliminates some of these disadvantages.
Esso si basa sulla aggiunta ai fanghi di composti azotati contenenti ossigeno, nel modo pi? opportuno nitrati e/o nitriti, in una quantit? compresa fra It is based on the addition of nitrogen compounds containing oxygen to the sludge, in the most effective way. appropriate nitrates and / or nitrites, in a quantity? between
50 e 2000 g/m3 ad una temperatura di 5 - 45?C e ad pH compreso fra 5 e 8,5. Dopo 15 minuti - 2 ore i fiocchi di fango formatisi in seguito all?attivit? enzimica e presentanti una struttura fisica modificata vengono direttamente concentrati mediante centrifugazione. 50 and 2000 g / m3 at a temperature of 5 - 45 ° C and a pH between 5 and 8.5. After 15 minutes - 2 hours the mud flakes formed following the activity? enzymic and having a modified physical structure are directly concentrated by centrifugation.
Contrariamente ai sopra citati brevetti cecoslovacchi, il processo avviene senza aggiunta di microorganismi ed elimina una prolungata fermentazione che richiede varie decine di ore, cane pure la flottazione biologica. Esso comporta semplicemente una breve intensa attivit? delle cellule microbiche presenti nel fango, che viene ottenuta mediante aggiunta di una quantit? relativamente elevata di composti azotati contenenti ossigeno. Questo procedimento, che produce "fiocchi" di fango con alterata struttura fisica, consente una diretta concentrazione di fango naturale da 1.- 2 % in peso a secco a 14 - 16% in peso a secco in una centrifuga di decantazione, vale a dire, in assenza di flottazione. Contrary to the aforementioned Czechoslovakian patents, the process takes place without the addition of microorganisms and eliminates a prolonged fermentation that requires several tens of hours, including biological flotation. It simply involves a short, intense activity. of the microbial cells present in the mud, which is obtained by adding a quantity? relatively high level of oxygen-containing nitrogen compounds. This process, which produces "flakes" of mud with an altered physical structure, allows a direct concentration of natural mud from 1 - 2% by dry weight to 14 - 16% by dry weight in a decanting centrifuge, that is to say , in the absence of flotation.
La richiedente trova che l?ampia gamma di microorganismi presente nel fango ? in grado di modificare, in un tempo assai breve, la struttura fisica del fango nella misura richiesta. Una determinazione dell'ossigeno disciolto mostr? che il livello di ossigeno disciolto nello strato di fango in sospensione e nella adiacente zona acquosa soprastante, decresce rapidamente. Does the applicant find that the wide range of microorganisms present in the sludge? able to modify, in a very short time, the physical structure of the mud to the extent required. A determination of dissolved oxygen showed? that the level of oxygen dissolved in the layer of sludge in suspension and in the adjacent aqueous zone above, decreases rapidly.
Il risultante ambiente anaerobico assicura una leggera attivit? dei batteri di denitrificazione che abbondano nel fango. La richiedente ha inoltre sco? perto che, durante la intensa attivit? di questi organismi in grado di ridurre nitrati, la relativa dotazione enzimica consente loro di utilizzare i riv stimenti cellulari di materiale viscoso come fanti di carbonio, che ? indispensabile per la loro attivit? quanto lo sono i composti azotati.I rivestimenti di materiale viscoso vengano pertanto idrolizzati. Inoltre, alcuni di questi organismi in grado di ridurre i nitrati, in particolare quelli noti come Clostridiaceae, producano enzimi proteolitici esogeni che attaccano le membrane cellulari di cellule presenti nel fango. Il risultato finale di questi processi enzimatici ? costituito da una degradazione inizialmente assai lieve, quale si incontra nel processo di digestione. Chiesto processo ? sufficiente ad attuare il richiesto cambiamento nella struttura fisica senza perdite o degradazione della sostanza organica nel fango. The resulting anaerobic environment ensures light activity. of the denitrification bacteria that abound in the mud. Has the applicant also sco? perto that, during the intense activity? of these organisms capable of reducing nitrates, the relative enzymic endowment allows them to use the cellular coatings of viscous material as carbon infants, which? indispensable for their activity? as are nitrogenous compounds. Coatings of viscous material are therefore hydrolyzed. Furthermore, some of these nitrate-reducing organisms, particularly those known as Clostridiaceae, produce exogenous proteolytic enzymes that attack the cell membranes of cells present in the sludge. The final result of these enzymatic processes? consisting of an initially very slight degradation, which is encountered in the digestion process. Asked for trial? sufficient to implement the required change in the physical structure without loss or degradation of the organic matter in the sludge.
La creazione di condizioni ottimali per l'induzione di ina spontanea intensiva attivit? di organismi in grado di ridurre i nitrati, che garantisce il raggiungimento dell'effetto richiesto, ? stata studiata a fondo e le condizioni vennero determinate in modo preciso. Esse comprendono semplicemente una adeguata aggiunta di nitrati e mantenimento di condizioni anaerobiche oppure, quanto meno,microaerofile, della temperatura e del valore del pH. The creation of optimal conditions for the induction of spontaneous intensive activity? of organisms capable of reducing nitrates, which guarantees the achievement of the required effect,? was studied thoroughly and the conditions were precisely determined. They simply include adequate addition of nitrates and maintenance of anaerobic or, at least, microaerophilic conditions, temperature and pH value.
Adatte fonti di nitrato o nitrito sono rappresentate da nitrati di sodio, potassio oppure, in particolare, ammonio o calcio, che vengono impiegati in agricoltura come fertilizzanti al salnitro. Essi sono poco costosi e facilmente solubili. In conformit? al tipo e alla composizione del fango, i composti vengono aggiunti in quantit? comprese fra 40 e 2000 g N03 per 1 m3 di sospensione di fango sottoforma di soluzione al 10 - 20%. Il valore ottimale del pH ? compreso nell'intervallo fra 7,0 e 8,5. Il processo procede bene a temperature comprese fra 15 e 37?C. Generalmente, la temperatura non deve scendere al di sotto di 5?C. Le condizioni anaerobiche sono definite dalla concentrazione di ossigeno disciolto, vale a dire un massimo di 0,1 mg di 0 per litro di sospensione di fango. Suitable sources of nitrate or nitrite are represented by sodium, potassium or, in particular, ammonium or calcium nitrates, which are used in agriculture as saltpetre fertilizers. They are inexpensive and easily soluble. In accordance with to the type and composition of the sludge, the compounds are added in quantity? between 40 and 2000 g N03 per 1 m3 of sludge suspension in the form of a 10 - 20% solution. The optimal pH value? in the range from 7.0 to 8.5. The process goes well at temperatures between 15 and 37 ° C. Generally, the temperature should not drop below 5 ° C. Anaerobic conditions are defined by the dissolved oxygen concentration, i.e. a maximum of 0.1 mg of 0 per liter of sludge suspension.
In tali condizioni, l'intero processo viene semplificato in modo sostanziale ed enormemente abbreviato (gli intervalli richiesti sono dell'ordine di minuti) e sia i costi di inve__stimento che i costi operativi diminuiscono nettamente. Il fatto che lo stadio di flottazione risulta superfluo, rende possibile effettuare il processo in modo continuo in un reattore di volume relativamente piccolo. La quantit? di nitrato aggiunta, che si richiede per garantire una soddisfacente intensit? del processo, dipende dal tipo, dalla composizione e dalle caratteristiche del fango biologico trattato. Una aggiunta ottimale e vantaggiosa dal punto di vista economico ? tale che il contenuto di NO3 nel liquido facente parte del fango, separato, dopo il processo, non sia superiore al contenuto originale nella fase liquida della sospensione di fango trattata. Under such conditions, the whole process is substantially simplified and enormously shortened (the intervals required are in the order of minutes) and both the investment costs and the operating costs decrease sharply. The fact that the flotation step is superfluous makes it possible to carry out the process continuously in a relatively small volume reactor. The quantity of added nitrate, which is required to ensure a satisfactory intensity? of the process, depends on the type, composition and characteristics of the biological sludge treated. An optimal and cost-effective addition? such that the content of NO3 in the liquid forming part of the sludge, separated, after the process, is not higher than the original content in the liquid phase of the treated sludge suspension.
La richiedente presenta, qui di seguito, esempi del metodo di concentrazione del fanghi biologici in conformit? con l'invenzione. The applicant presents, below, examples of the biological sludge concentration method in accordance with with the invention.
Esempio 1 Example 1
3000 grammi di calcio nitrato tecnico sotto fama di soluzione al 20% vengano aggiunti a 10 m di sospensione di fango attivato contenente 80 chilogrammi di sostanze insolubili, in sospensione. La miscela viene omogeneizzata per 10 - 15 secondi e, dopo 15 minuti, viene centrifugata in una centrifuga a decantazione. Il processo produce 550 chilogrammi di concentrato di fango con un peso a secco pari a 14%, che rappresenta il 96 , 25% della quantit? originale di sostanze insolubili. 3000 grams of technical calcium nitrate known as 20% solution are added to 10 m of activated sludge suspension containing 80 kilograms of insoluble substances, in suspension. The mixture is homogenized for 10 - 15 seconds and, after 15 minutes, it is centrifuged in a decanting centrifuge. The process produces 550 kilograms of sludge concentrate with a dry weight of 14%, which represents 96.25% of the quantity. original of insoluble substances.
Esempio 2 Example 2
Il procedimento ? uguale a quello dell' esempio 1 , se si eccettua che 3000 litri di sospensione di fango, contenenti 0,8% di sostanze insolubili, in sospensione, vengono alimentati in continuo con 1000 litri di sospensione di fango trattato per 1 ora, unitamente a 1 ,5 litri di soluzione al 20% di calcio nitrato tecnico, sotto continua agitazione, all?ingresso di un reattore continuo. Il restante volume separato del reattore rimane senza agitazione. Il materiale che effluisce dallreattare, durante un'ara, ? costituito da 1001 , 5 litri di fango con struttura fisica modificata. L 'effluente viene centrifugato in continuo in una centrifuga di decantazione , a dare 56 kg/h di un concentrato di fango con un peso a secco corrispondente al 14%. The procedure? equal to that of example 1, except that 3000 liters of sludge suspension, containing 0.8% of insoluble substances, in suspension, are continuously fed with 1000 liters of treated sludge suspension for 1 hour, together with 1 , 5 liters of 20% technical calcium nitrate solution, under continuous stirring, at the inlet of a continuous reactor. The remaining separated volume of the reactor remains without stirring. The material that flows from the altar, during an altar,? consisting of 1001, 5 liters of mud with modified physical structure. The effluent is continuously centrifuged in a decanting centrifuge, to give 56 kg / h of a sludge concentrate with a dry weight corresponding to 14%.
Esempio 3 Example 3
Un volume pari a 20 m3 di sospensione di fango attivo superfluo con una concentrazione pari allo 0,5% d? composti insolubili in sospensione viene alimentato ad un recipiente di miscelazione con 60 liA volume equal to 20 m3 of superfluous activated sludge suspension with a concentration of 0.5% d? suspension insoluble compounds are fed to a mixing vessel with 60 li
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CS822450A CS228403B1 (en) | 1982-04-06 | 1982-04-06 | Method of concentration biologic,particularly activated sludge |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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IT8320459A0 IT8320459A0 (en) | 1983-04-05 |
IT8320459A1 true IT8320459A1 (en) | 1984-10-05 |
IT1163228B IT1163228B (en) | 1987-04-08 |
Family
ID=5361682
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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IT2045983A IT1163228B (en) | 1982-04-06 | 1983-04-05 | MUD CONCENTRATION METHOD BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVATED IN A SPECIAL WAY |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CS (1) | CS228403B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3312381A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK150083A (en) |
FR (1) | FR2524459B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2118537B (en) |
IT (1) | IT1163228B (en) |
SE (1) | SE450893B (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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GB9016505D0 (en) * | 1990-07-27 | 1990-09-12 | Applied Biotechnologies | Restoration and maintenance of the function of a trickling-percolating-filter |
DE4138667A1 (en) * | 1991-11-25 | 1993-05-27 | Sued Chemie Ag | METHOD FOR DISCHARGING DRAIN CLEANER |
FR2709304B1 (en) * | 1993-08-23 | 1995-11-24 | Omnium Traitement Valorisa | Process and installation for stabilizing and concentrating sludge with nitrogen oxides. |
FR2732335B1 (en) * | 1995-03-31 | 1997-06-27 | Omnium Traitement Valorisa | SLUDGE STABILIZATION PROCESS |
EP4416089A1 (en) | 2021-10-14 | 2024-08-21 | Ocado Innovation Limited | Systems and methods for order processing |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE601668C (en) * | 1931-07-25 | 1934-08-25 | Ferdinand Fraensemeier | Process for maintaining the optimal hydrogen ion concentration for the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge |
GB1170618A (en) * | 1967-03-04 | 1969-11-12 | Ceskoslovenska Akademie Ved | A Method of Concentration of Organic Sludges |
JPS5245582A (en) * | 1975-10-09 | 1977-04-11 | Tokai Denka Kogyo Kk | Solid-liquid separation method of organic waste fluid sludge |
SU1006394A1 (en) * | 1981-08-07 | 1983-03-23 | Ташкентский Филиал Всесоюзного Научно-Исследовательского Института Водоснабжения,Канализации,Гидротехнических Сооружений И Инженерной Гидрогеологии | Method for treating effluent precipitate |
-
1982
- 1982-04-06 SE SE8202201A patent/SE450893B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-04-06 CS CS822450A patent/CS228403B1/en unknown
-
1983
- 1983-04-05 FR FR8305514A patent/FR2524459B1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-04-05 DK DK150083A patent/DK150083A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1983-04-05 IT IT2045983A patent/IT1163228B/en active
- 1983-04-06 DE DE19833312381 patent/DE3312381A1/en active Granted
- 1983-04-06 GB GB8309307A patent/GB2118537B/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2118537A (en) | 1983-11-02 |
FR2524459B1 (en) | 1985-11-29 |
FR2524459A1 (en) | 1983-10-07 |
SE8202201L (en) | 1983-10-07 |
CS8202450A (en) | 1982-12-31 |
IT1163228B (en) | 1987-04-08 |
DK150083A (en) | 1983-10-07 |
GB2118537B (en) | 1986-01-08 |
CS228403B1 (en) | 1984-05-14 |
DE3312381A1 (en) | 1983-10-13 |
GB8309307D0 (en) | 1983-05-11 |
DE3312381C2 (en) | 1991-04-25 |
DK150083D0 (en) | 1983-04-05 |
SE450893B (en) | 1987-08-10 |
IT8320459A0 (en) | 1983-04-05 |
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