IT202000030320A1 - ECO-AUTONOMOUS KINETIC-ELECTRIC PRODUCTION PLANT - Google Patents

Description

DESCRIPTION

Of the industrial invention entitled:

"ECO-AUTONOMOUS KINETIC-ELECTRIC PRODUCTION PLANT".

DESCRIPTION TEXT

The invention concerns the sector relating to electricity production plants. Its operation is characterized by the integration of two pre-existing electricity production concepts, one of which is hydromechanical (or hydroelectric) and the other wind.

Hydroelectric plants exploit the potential mechanical energy contained in a moving mass of water thanks to the positioning of turbines or wheels which transform the aforementioned potential mechanical energy into electrical energy.

The critical points of this technology are the total dependence on the natural resource and the large dimensions of the structures which limit the possibilities? of installation, increasing moreover, the negative conditions of prefeasibility? for production flows higher than 10MW/h.

Wind power plants, on the other hand, exploit the potential mechanical energy of a moving mass of air thanks to the positioning of wind turbines which transform the aforementioned potential mechanical energy into electrical energy. In a descriptive way, a plant of these characteristics is composed of an elevation tower, a rotation system of the producing body, a cabin or cage (containing the systems of multiplication, hydrobrake, transmission, generation, transformation and control), an axis rotor and finally, the propellers (wind blades). Furthermore, the dimensions of these plants vary from a few centimeters to hundreds of meters in elevation and wingspan.

The negative aspects that make this production system inefficient are the high dependence on the natural resource, the reduced possibilities? of positioning due to the natural limitations of the territory, which imply a windy sectorification that is not very advantageous at a national level and, their own technical characteristics, which lead these systems to cause excessive acoustic and electromagnetic pollution in efficient operating conditions, transgressing the environmental regulations according to the 'order n. 7636/2020 of the Court of Cassation (Cass. Un. Civ. Section 1? April 2020, n. 7636 ord) to the latest European agreements on the matter.

Generally, hydroelectric and wind power plants are used in a conceptually standardized way, adapting to the conditions of the medium in which they are built and the resource they have to exploit. There? implies, in the first case, that there is a reduced possibility? of development at the territorial level, since? the quantity? of hydroelectric plants to be installed in the area? limited to a small number of rivers meeting the necessary requirements; while, in the second case, that it is difficult to access geographically exposed sites and with optimal wind conditions.

? evident therefore, that, due to their operating system and the environmental constraints to which they are forced, these technologies are obliged to increase the single production power in the places already? used as a point of exploitation of the resource, instead of multiplying the points of production for the creation of energy and favoring a projection of growth on a large scale, so? to increase the electricity supply to the grid.

The purpose of the present invention ? solve the problem of dependence between the resource and the technology used to create energy, using the virtuous principles of the pre-existing technique in both cases and eliminating the elements that condition the technology to dependence on the resource.

Another purpose? the elimination of dependence on any resource directly linked to the environment, finally reaching the concept of "Ecoautonomy" of technology.

Finally, as a final goal, ? the creation of a small-sized plant, which makes it possible to generate a contained level of waste to be disposed of which is always and in any case within the limits established by law and international agreements on environmental matters, and a high productivity index, thus ensuring the positioning and deployment of an intelligent and pragmatic form, highlighting itself as an efficient and effective transfer mechanism to the electricity production fabric at a national level.

In accordance with the present invention, the aforementioned aims are achieved by creating an "Eco-autonomous Kinetic-electrical Plant" based on the kinetic energy theorem and the principles of dynamics, which is characterized by the fact that it comprises the fusion between two systems kinetic generation of electricity, through a machine equipped with the faculty? to substitute the natural resource to be exploited by one for the technique of the technology of the other.

The "Eco-autonomous kinetic-electrical plant", or from now on "I.C.E.", ? an open circuit electricity production system and is preferably composed of three systems. The first, belonging to the state of the art of technology applied to hydroelectric plants, the second, belonging to the state of the art of technology applied to wind farms and, the third, having the function of connecting the first system with the second, supplying the latter the sum total of the accumulated kinetic energy, resulting from the input or mechanical force released by the first system.

Specifically, in order to be more? clear in the explanation of the composition of the plant, we will proceed? to describe the plant following the production order described by the following numerical diagram: first system, third system, second system (1;3;2).

The first system is sequentially composed of a containing pool (T-shaped and with a pool bottom which hydrodynamically favors the movement of the fluid lodged inside it by decreasing the friction coefficient, nodular pockets at low pressure and fluid dynamic turbulence) and located above the height Om of the ground (between 0 and 1.5 m); from an inorganic fluid in motion, having a specific weight between 1000 / 1125 kg/m3 ; by a driven apparatus intended for pouring said inorganic fluid onto an improved hydraulic turbine; by an electric pump capable of generating adequate power to push a constant flow to a certain caudal at a specific height (water column), with an electric consumption range between 400-900 KW/h.

The third system is composed sequentially of said improved hydraulic turbine of ideal shape and composition for the exploitation of said tail (in the shape of a ring and containing cage equipped with an acceleration chamber, tail section switch, throttling chamber and discharge chamber, with L-shaped dual-chamber blades and spokes with metal axes that support a rotor body in such a way as to maintain the equidistance of the containment ring of the hydrodynamic blades); by a transmission axis (motor shaft) in steel and positioned horizontally, intended for the accommodation of a plurality? flywheel with peripheral mass and variable diameter; from said flywheel of variable diameter (due to the peripheral components that move around the perimeter by increasing the radius of said flywheel of a consequent shape with the increase of the RPM), each having a plurality? of guide axes and of the relative peripheral masses, intended for the radial detachment from the main mass and for the increase of the torsion arm; by lubricated self-locking bearings located bilaterally in the housing stations of the improved hydraulic turbine and of each flywheel.

The second system is composed sequentially of two improved pulleys connected to the ends of said driving axle; by a mechanical transmission system capable of connecting the third system to the second, composed of a pattern of chains and pulleys, having the function of connecting in parallel a plurality? of generator systems and, including a range of energy loss, not exceeding 0.5%; by several small peripheral compensation flywheels, intended for kinetic compensation of the transmission system, positioned at the perimetric extremes of said transmission mechanism; by multipliers positioned in correspondence with the relative electric generator; from these generators, designed for aerogenerators and conceived to exploit small driving forces deriving from a low level of potential energy contained in weak wind flows, thus adopting their high production efficiency.

Overall, during an initial window of time will? use of an auxiliary engine starter for the setting in motion and the development of the RPM necessary for the connection of the main propulsion system and permanent, there? allow? to the propulsion system to avoid losses of energy delivered to the environment in the form of heat as a result of the resistance of the opposing forces coming from the flying masses (flywheel) moving at speed? nothing, what? to bring the I.C.E. to optimal performance status prior to connecting the other two remaining systems. This allows said first system to deliver the energy necessary for the conservation of the conservative force. Subsequently, after disconnection of the auxiliary propulsion engine, the first system, powered by electricity from the public network, will operate the improved hydraulic turbine, by transforming the kinetic energy of the jet stream added to the potential energy of the mass of said fluid housed inside the rotating blades of said turbine, into rotational kinetic energy, which will be? accumulated by the flywheel of variable diameter, which in turn, will increase the twisting moment applied on the transmission axis (drive shaft). At this point, we will have as a product a twisting moment of a scalar magnitude sufficient to satisfy the work request of the multipliers which, by increasing the RPM of the generator shaft, bring the latter to an ideal productive operating regime, thus transforming the potential energy reproduced (hydro/mechanical system that reproduces the forces generated by the wind) in the third system, into energy electric.

The basis for understanding the activity? The inventiveness present in this invention is rooted in the complex reasoning carried out for the purpose of solving the main problem, due to the production limitations of said electricity generation systems (hydroelectric and wind power). Principle of the pre-existing problem? the direct dependence on the natural resource which constitutes the driving force of said generating systems, as an element highly variable over time and in the optimal characteristics of exploitation. Consequently, yes? seen necessary to create a mechanism capable of delivering the same amount? of potential energy contained within the aforementioned natural resources, this time, in a programmed and constant form, within a controlled environment. Therefore, we have created an electro-hydromechanical device capable of replacing the potential energy of the wind in a controlled way in such a way as to eco-autonomously develop optimal electricity generation thresholds with respect to the wind system, maintaining stability? supply of hydroelectric plants. The result of this search? was an invention which, using the theoretical principles of classical mechanics, develops a set of innovative systems capable of constituting a new form of replication of the potential energy contained in natural resources to make it available to an electricity generation plant in a controlled form and highly efficient, while eliminating the previously mentioned dependence on natural resources (eco-autonomy).

In explaining the operating principles of the present invention, in order to avoid misunderstandings, it is of fundamental importance to dwell on the theoretical principle of operation that ? at the basis of the modular success of the invention. Within the I.CE., the third system incorporates the aforementioned flywheels of variable diameter, which, once rotating at ideal RPM, contain within themselves a kinetic energy based on the speed? rotational acquired thanks to the mass of said fluid in motion, which once the exchange of forces with the blades of said improved hydraulic turbine has been released, lodges in them by exerting an added work in the application of its potential energy due to the difference in height involved in this exercise . Said sum of kinetic energy and potential energy (e. kinetic and. potential = x), ? always greater than the total sum of the moments and friction forces that oppose it, flexibly leaving in the result of the equation the "time" variant as the determinant factor of the definitive stop of the rotating body (at a lower, greater will be the time required for the flywheel to stop). In the present invention the conservation of the rotational motion is ensured by the application of a constant force applied externally by said fluid circulating on the improved hydraulic turbine and transmitted to the flywheel of variable diameter by means of a driving shaft. This force? equal to the sum total of the opposing forces "+1", minus the difference between the accumulated kinetic energy of the flywheel and the sum of the opposing forces. As previously described, the I.CE. presents a series of considerable advantages compared to the previously mentioned traditional electricity production systems.

Indeed, it allows absolute independence from any natural resource as a direct source of exploitation for the creation of electricity (eco-autonomy).

It allows the creation of electricity in a highly efficient and constant form over time, thus reducing the the limitations of the variability? fluid dynamics of the natural resources exploited by said production systems (hydroelectric and wind power).

It allows positioning at any point of the national territory thanks to the minimum levels of pollution (equal to those of a mechanical workshop) and to its small size, thus allowing to break down the territorial limitations of expansion (reclamation of the production fabric), linked dependence on natural resources.

Thanks to its special conformation (considering that a standard plant produces 30 MW/h), ? is it possible to articulate a single plant with a plurality? of further ICEs, raising its production capacity and managing to reach electricity supply thresholds higher than any type of industrial electricity generation plant.

Further characteristics of the invention will be more evident from the detailed description given below, thanks to the support of the drawings which show a preferred embodiment, illustrated by way of non-limiting example. It being understood that the principle of the invention, the embodiment and the construction details of the same may be widely varied with respect to what has been described and illustrated, without thereby departing from the scope of the present invention.

Within figure 1 is described in illustrative form, the preferred way in which to proceed? to the positioning of the plant in a spatial relationship, schematically highlighting an efficient and effective organization that represents the set of pieces in a way? optimal production. It can be seen in the illustration, how the third system called "Found" is positioned in the middle of the second system, the latter, divided into two sections to configure a butterfly scheme, balancing the projection of the displacement of forces in an optimal way and distributing homogeneous form the work to the second system. Specifically and as an illustration, in figure 1 we have chosen to graphically position six generating groups without implying a mandatory? for the producing system, two lateral systems of mixed distribution (chain and belt) and four peripheral compensation flywheels at the ends of the drawing, which, as a supplement, compensate for the losses deriving from the geometric conformation of the complex, considering the latter to be points of critical loss, due to the perimeter distance of the mechanical articulated. The first system occupies a central and set back position, with a containing pool which houses an inorganic fluid and a dry chamber which houses the electric motor which activates the hydraulic circuit which keeps the third system in motion. In this way, maximum usufruct of the space is obtained in relation to the planting rate, granting the performances sought by the industrial study which stipulates the basic requisites for the achievement of the pre-established objectives for the purpose of the development which refers us to this patent.

In detail, figure 1 shows a general top view of the plant, having the following elements: an improved hydraulic turbine (A); two flywheels of variable diameter (B); a flow-dynamic duct for applying said inorganic fluid (C); an axial electric pump (D); two transmission for online operation (E); six peripheral drive pulleys (Ea); crankshaft support structures (F); self-braking bearings (Fa); six multipliers (G); six generators (H); four peripheral compensation auxiliary flywheels (I); six drive axles or auxiliary shafts (L); a holding pool (M); a dry chamber (N); a vertical support structure of the duct system (O).

Figure 2 shows a side and front view of the reinforced inconcrete support superstructure and of the technical construction plan, highlighting the conformation of the structural laying bed for the elements that make up the plant, together with the laying and support system of the motor shaft where the main rotating bodies of the third system will be fixed.

In detail, figure 2 shows respectively: the base support floor, forming the reinforced floor of the structure (A); the support and positioning structures of the main transmission axle or drive shaft (B); lubricated self-locking bearings (C); the main drive axle or drive shaft (D); the container pool for the inorganic fluid (E); the dry chamber (F).

Inside figure 3, there is an illustrative drawing of the flywheel of variable diameter in side and front view, where the significant elements are indicated for the purpose of explaining this patent. It shows respectively: the containment springs of the peripheral masses (A); the peripheral masses of radial displacement (B); the guiding axes of the peripheral masses of radial displacement (C); the spokes of fixation of the main body of rotation to the connecting ring to the drive shaft (D); the peripheral main mass of the flywheel (E).

Figures 4,5, and 6; show a view drawing of the improved hydraulic turbine, where the details of the ingenuity are appreciated in order to highlight the path and the distribution form of the internal components of this element of transformation of the kinetic energy and of the potential energy of the fluid circulating inorganic. Furthermore, there are views illustrating the shape of the dual-chamber blades and finally a simplified 3D representation of the same, with a short section of the hydrodynamic box in order to illustrate the fit between the mobile and fixed structure.

In detail in figure 4, the following are indicated respectively: a hydrodynamic box (A); a room (B); a spoiler (C); hydrofoil blades (D); the main drive axle or drive shaft (E); the steel tie rods for fixing the main rotation body to the drive shaft connection ring (F); a hydraulic discharge chamber (G).

Figure 5 illustrates the hydrodynamic blades located inside the improved hydraulic turbine, which show: a profile view of a single dual-chamber hydrodynamic blade (A); a designed view of a single dual-chamber hydrofoil blade (B); a steel rod (C).

Within figure 6, ? illustrated, through a 3D projection, the container body of said hydrodynamic blades, inserted inside said hydrodynamic box of said improved hydraulic turbine, in which are identified: the bicameral hydrodynamic blades (A); the peripheral containment body of helical shape (B); a steel tie rod (C); the container body of the hydrodynamic blades (D); the hydrodynamic box (E). In figure 7 and 8 , a 3D and another 2D illustration of the peripheral transmission system in the second system appear, these are by way of example and do not necessarily constitute a single form of drawing for the mechanical interconnection of the plant.

In particular, within figure 7, ? An improved transmission pulley is illustrated, having an external retaining fixation cage which houses within it a polylayer system of planetary gears which rotate around the output axle gear. It allows the articulation between a belt transmission system and another chain (mixed system). The picture shows: the belt drive receptacle (A); the external cage of containing fixation (B); the gears (C); the output axle gear and chain drive housing (D).

Figure 8 shows the conformation of the belt drive system in purely illustrative form.

The principle of the invention, the embodiment and the construction details of the same can be widely varied with respect to what has been described and illustrated, without thereby departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

CLAIMS: 1) Eco-autonomous kinetic-electrical plant characterized by: an improved hydraulic turbine (fig. 1,A; fig. 4; fig. 5 and fig. 6); a driving axle (fig. 1,L; fig.2,D and fig. 4,E); two flywheels of variable diameter (fig. 1,B; fig. 3); six RPM multipliers (fig. 1,G); a plurality? of articulated transmission unions with anti-shock system (fig. 1,E); six mechanical toothed belt transmission systems (fig. 1); a collector system from the inorganic fluid contained in the hydraulic supply pool made up of different assembled sections (fig. 1,C); four peripheral compensation flywheels (fig. 1,1); an electromechanical suction system inserted inside the main supply pipe (fig. 1,C); six high-capacity electric generators distributed in a specular shape in the general conformation of the placement of the plant in space (fig. 1,H); a load-bearing and containment structure in reinforced concrete, suitable for integral support of the system (fig. 2); an inorganic fluid with a specific weight, between 1000 and 1125 kg/m3, suitable for the needs of the system (fig.1 and fig. 2); two improved pulleys; six toothed pulleys on the specular sides of the invention. 2) Eco-autonomous kinetic-electrical plant, according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a structure (fig. 2) designed to support and fix all the conforming parts, with a total surface area of the structure equal to or greater than the exploitation coefficient of 0.7 (where 1 equals 100%). 3) Eco-autonomous kinetic-electrical plant, according to rev. 1 and 2, characterized by the fact that the structure responsible for supporting and fixing all the conforming parts (fig. 2), incorporates in its architecture a "T"-shaped fountain and a pool bottom which is buried in relation to the 'horizontal "Lo" of the drawing plane between 1.5m (fig. 2). 4) Eco-autonomous kinetic-electrical plant, according to rev. 2 and 3, characterized by the fact that the aforementioned support and frame structure (fig. 1 and fig. 2) has an even number of lateral supports in the shape of a pentahedral arch pyramid in correspondence with the quantity? of rotating elements which rest on the motor shaft (fig. 1,F and fig. 2,B). 5) Eco-autonomous kinetic-electrical plant, according to rev. 1, characterized in that it has an improved hydraulic turbine with a peripheral mass of accumulation (fig. 1, A; fig. 4; fig. 5 and fig. 6), composed of a peripheral containing body of helical shape (fig. 1, A; Fig. 4, A; Fig. 6, B and Fig. 6, E), having an internal section of larger dimensions? large (fig. 1,A; fig. 4,A and fig. 6,E), with a wing-shaped structure fixed to the body of the chamber inside (fig.4,C); said improved hydraulic turbine has a hydrodynamic box (fig. 1,A; fig. 4,A and fig. 6,E) which covers the rotary perimeter in the shape of a square ring (fig. 4,D and fig. 6,D) up to two thirds of the maximum circumference of the ring and, runs along its perimeter length embracing it; it also supports a plurality? of bicameral "L" shaped hydrofoil blades (fig. 4,D; fig. 6,A and fig. 6,D) and has steel tie rods (fig. 4,F; fig. 5,C and fig. 6,C), suitable for supporting the structure itself; lastly, at the end of the peripheral path of the hydrodynamic box, there is an enlarged section of the latter, made up of two evacuation holes of equivalent size and oriented downwards bilaterally, forming a hydraulic discharge chamber (fig. 4,G). 6) Eco-autonomous kinetic-electrical plant, according to rev. 1, characterized by the fact that it has two improved pulleys (fig. 1, Eb and fig. 7), composed of a static body of the pulley (fig. 7, B), intended for the vertical frame, an external flying body of the same (fig. 7,A), a set of satellite gears (fig. 7,C), which connect the flying body of the same to a second major gear with flying characteristics (free rotation); in turn, the latter contains a second battery of gears collaborating with the first battery (fig. 7, D); these improved pulleys can consist of two to five layers of gear banks; each of these is composed of a plurality? of gears arranged in a pentagonal shape and in parallel along the toothed direction of the next layer. 7) Eco-autonomous kinetic-electrical plant, according to rev. 1, characterized by the fact that it incorporates two flywheels of variable diameter and four compensation flywheels: the former are made of steel, with a compound, peripheral mass (fig.1, B; fig.3) and having radial guide axes (fig. .1,B and fig.3,C), equipped with damping springs (fig.1,B and fig.3,A) suitable for the counter-gravitational support of sixteen units? of mobile mass in structural steel (fig.1,B and fig. 3,B); a main accumulation mass (fig.1,B and fig. 3,E), which is made up of a mass of lead, uniformly distributed and housed in a peripheral container in industrial steel (fig. 3,E), having steel tie rods (fig. 3, D), which guarantee the equidistance and stability? of the accumulation flywheel with respect to the driving shaft (fig.2,D); the latter have a lower mass flow rate (fig. 1,1). 8) Eco-autonomous kinetic-electrical plant, according to rev. 1, characterized in that the electrical production system (fig. 1) is configured in a preferential but non-limiting way by three systems which are installed inside the invention according to the order: first system, third system, second system . The first system? composed of one or more containing pools (fig. 1,M; 2,E), a suction pipe (fig. 1,C), an axial electric pump (fig. 1,D) having an average electrical consumption between 400 and 900 KW/h, a dry protective pit (fig. 1.N; 2,F); the third system comprises a driving shaft (fig. 1, L; 2, D; 4, E), an improved hydraulic turbine (fig. 1, A; 4; 5; 6), two or more? flywheel of variable diameter (fig.1,B; 3), positioned bilaterally in relation to the central longitudinal axis of the system (fig. 1,L; 2,D; 4,E), two improved pulleys positioned bilaterally (fig. 1,Ea; 8), at the ends of the motor shaft (fig. 1,L; 2,D; 4,E); the second system composed of two toothed pulleys (fig. 1, Ea; 8) intended for coupling with the improved pulleys belonging to the third system, of the toothed pulleys which are part of the transmission system of the par-motor to the RPM multipliers (fig. 7), a corresponding number of double chains (fig. 1,E), V-belts, four peripheral compensation flywheels (fig. 1,1) and their respective anchoring axes (fig. 1,L), six connector shafts between the peripheral transmission and the power multipliers (each of these with their respective anchoring, fixation, self-braking and anti-shock systems), six RPM multipliers (fig. 1,G), each , combined with its output transmission axis that connects the said RPM multiplier with the respective electric generator (fig. H), a quantity? sufficient self-braking systems (fig. 1,Fa) installed at the transmission axles, between the RPM multiplier (fig. 1,G) and the electric generators (fig. 1,H).