IT201800009550A1 - CENTRALIZED EQUIPMENT FOR MANUAL OR AUTOMATIC DETECTION AND ADJUSTMENT AT PREVENTIVELY ESTABLISHED LEVELS BOTH OF ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS OF VARIOUS KINDS, AND OF PARAMETERS RELATED TO OTHER TYPES OF APPLICATIONS, AND METHOD OF DETECTION AND AUTOMATION OF MANUAL ADVERSION PARAMETERS OR OF VARIOUS KINDS, USING THIS CENTRALIZED APPLIANCE - Google Patents

Description

Description of the industrial invention entitled:

"CENTRALIZED EQUIPMENT FOR MANUAL OR AUTOMATIC DETECTION AND ADJUSTMENT AT PREVIOUSLY ESTABLISHED LEVELS, BOTH OF ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS OF VARIOUS KINDS, AND PARAMETERS RELATING TO OTHER TYPES OF APPLICATIONS, AND METHOD OF DETECTION AND MANUAL ADVERSION PARAMETERS VARIOUS APPLICATIONS USING THIS CENTRALIZED APPLIANCE "

The invention refers to a centralized device for the detection and manual or automatic adjustment at previously established levels of both environmental parameters of various kinds, and parameters relating to other types of applications, and also refers also to a method of detection and manual or automatic adjustment of the various parameters relating to applications of various kinds, using this centralized device.

There are known devices for detecting and regulating various types of environmental parameters at previously established levels, such as carbon dioxide, humidity, temperature and other parameters relating to the internal space of living environments, as well as outside these living environments, to instantly and continuously detect the levels of these different types of parameters and, if these levels are exceeded, to adjust these levels so as to keep them within predetermined maximum limits such that, in the cases of the parameters described above by way of example only, allow people to live in satisfactory environmental conditions. As a rule, these devices are designed to manually detect and adjust one or a few parameters at a time, so in the presence of several parameters to be detected and adjusted, it is necessary to have more devices, and these devices are sometimes also electrically connected with the devices that they determine the environmental conditions, such as for example the air conditioning and heating equipment, etc., so as to be able to detect and adjust the various parameters associated with these equipment, acting directly on them.

Consequently, the use of these apparatuses, in addition to requiring the need to have various apparatuses for the detection and regulation of a plurality of parameters associated with different applications, and therefore of the spaces necessary for the arrangement of all these apparatuses, also requires the installation of specific systems for transmitting the detection and regulation signals and therefore the purchase of the relative materials of these systems and the carrying out of the work necessary for the assembly in position of these systems and for their connections with the related equipment air conditioning, heating, etc ...

Finally, these devices often require the presence of people to check the data of the various parameters to be controlled and for the manual operation of the devices themselves to perform the adjustment of the parameters, in order to keep them within the predetermined levels.

The present invention aims to provide a centralized apparatus for the detection and regulation at previously established levels of both environmental parameters of various kinds, and parameters relating to other types of applications, in which the drawbacks and limitations are eliminated. of the devices described above, and which allows these operations to be carried out completely automatically, by wireless transmission of signals for the detection and adjustment of parameters of any type of application, associated with air conditioning, heating equipment, etc., with the possibility of operating with further parameters to be detected and adjusted, which are introduced into the apparatus from time to time, and without the need for specific transmission systems for these signals.

The invention also aims to describe a method of automatic detection and adjustment of all the different parameters relating to applications of various kinds, using this centralized device.

The invention will be better understood from the following description, by way of non-limiting example only, of the structural characteristics of the centralized device and its method in accordance with the present invention, with reference to the attached figures, in which:

- fig. 1 shows a front view of a centralized apparatus for the manual or automatic detection and adjustment of the various parameters of applications of various kinds, according to the present invention;

- fig. 2 shows a general diagram of the different electrical and electronic circuits and of the master microcontroller making up the centralized device according to the invention, and of the relative electrical connections of these electrical and electronic circuits and master microcontroller; - fig. 3 shows the electrical block diagram of the different electrical and electronic components of the electrical power supply of some components of the electrical and electronic circuits and of the master microcontroller of fig. 2 ;

- fig. 4 shows the electrical block diagram of the various electrical and electronic components associated with the master microcontroller of the present centralized apparatus, provided for introducing in the microcontroller data relating to additional parameters to be detected and adjusted;

- fig. 5 shows the electrical block diagram of a wireless connection between the master microcontroller and a sensor of a parameter to be detected, installed distant from the master microcontroller, to detect only this parameter directly in the centralized device, and without adjusting the level of the parameter itself. through the microcontroller;

- fig. 6 shows the electrical block diagram of a wireless connection between the master microcontroller and a sensor of a parameter to be detected as well as an actuator, which are installed separate from each other in a remote position from the microcontroller, to detect this parameter and to adjust the level of the parameter itself to a value established through the master microcontroller;

- fig. 7 shows the block wiring diagram of other types of wireless connection between the master microcontroller, remote sensors and actuators and remote display and control devices, by way of example smartphones, tablets, internet etc ..;

- fig. 8 shows the electrical block diagram of the electrical and electronic components for a sensor of environmental parameters, in the example of a CO sensor, and for the transmission of the parameters detected to the microcontroller of the centralized device conforming to the invention;

- fig. 9 shows the electrical block diagram of the electrical and electronic components for another sensor of environmental parameters, in the example of a sound sensor (sound level meter), and for the transmission of the levels of the parameters detected to the microcontroller of this centralized device, and for any adjustment by the microcontroller of the levels of the detected parameters;

- fig. 10 shows the electrical block diagram of the electrical and electronic components for another sensor of environmental parameters, in the example of an ambient light and ultraviolet ray sensor, and for the transmission of the detected parameters to the microcontroller of this centralized device, and for any adjustment of the levels of the detected parameters;

- fig. 11 shows the electrical block diagram of the electrical and electronic components for another environmental sensor for controlling air quality, temperature, humidity, or atmospheric pressure, and for transmitting the parameters detected to the present microcontroller. centralized appliance, and for the eventual adjustment of the levels of the detected parameters;

- fig. 12 shows the electrical block diagram of the electrical and electronic components for another sensor of environmental control parameters, for example of the carbon dioxide of volatile organic compounds, and for the transmission of the detected parameters to the microcontroller of this centralized device, and for the '' possible adjustment of the levels of the detected parameters.

The present invention refers to a centralized apparatus 5 for the manual or automatic detection and adjustment at previously established levels of both environmental parameters of various kinds, and of parameters relating to other types of applications, of which some examples will be described below. , and also refers to a method of manual or automatic detection and adjustment of the various parameters relating to applications of various kinds, using this centralized apparatus.

In fig. 1 shows the centralized apparatus 5 according to the invention, which consists of a thin box-like structure 6, in the example of parallelepiped shape, but which can also be made of different shapes, which can be of the portable type, as can be seen shown in the figure, but it can also be installed in fixed positions in environments where the various environmental parameters are to be detected and adjusted. The box-like structure 6 considered is shaped with a monitor 7 of smaller dimensions than the structure itself, in which all the parameters to be detected and to be adjusted can be displayed, and by at least one indicator light 8, underneath the monitor 7 and operationally connected with the different parameters in the mode and for the functions that will be described below. The box-like structure 6 contains all the electrical and electronic circuits that will be described in detail, which allow to detect and regulate individually the levels of the various environmental parameters to be controlled, in particular of the environmental parameters of the environments in which the present centralized appliance 5 is introduced, to always keep the environment itself in conditions of satisfactory liveability.

The various parameters displayed each time in the monitor 7, and detected by the environment as will be described, can be adjusted in their levels by acting directly on the monitor, in which these parameters that are formed by the aforementioned electrical and electronic circuits are presented in the form of traditional electronic touch sensors, or these parameters can be detected and adjusted by external devices such as smartphones, tablets, Internet networks, etc. which are wirelessly connected (via radio waves) with the electrical and electronic components described above and therefore also with the different parameters visible in the monitor 7, and these operations are carried out by acting on the controls incorporated in the aforementioned external devices.

External remote control devices, smartphones, tablets, Internet networks, etc. .. can simultaneously manage multiple systems, such as the one managed by the centralized device 5 conforming to the invention. Since the centralized device 5 is able to analyze various environmental parameters, internal and / or external to the environment in which the device is installed, or even personal parameters, this centralized device can also be used to replace single devices. suitable for measuring unique parameters, such as thermostats, hygrometers, etc ...

Examining now FIG. 2, the general diagram of the different electrical and electronic circuits and of the master microcontroller constituting the centralized device 5 according to the invention is shown, and of the relative electrical connections of these electrical and electronic circuits and master microcontroller. The latter consists of a traditional electronic master microcontroller 9, which is powered at low direct voltage with the circuits that will be described shortly, and is operationally connected wirelessly (by radio waves) with the external measuring and control devices, manages the exchange of signals, in order to keep the parameters of the environment within the maximum pre-established limits to ensure people a satisfactory and livable environment. In practice, this microcontroller is set up in the manner that will be described and measures and continuously signals all the various environmental parameters to be controlled and signals when the user who has the centralized appliance 5 must intervene or act automatically, to maintain these parameters within the pre-established maximum limits. Furthermore, the microcontroller 9 communicates to the user, through the monitor 7, the trend over time of the measured parameters, also in relation to critical situations and risk levels of these parameters, and it also operates as described , depending on the various types of parameters to be controlled, of the actuators (which will be described below) associated with air conditioning, heating equipment, etc. of the operation of these devices inside the environment, realized as will be described. Always referring to fig. 2, it is noted that the electronic master microcontroller 9 is operatively connected wirelessly (by transmitting radio wave signals), with a series of external sensors for detecting a plurality of environmental parameters to be controlled, grouped by way of non-limiting example within a overall block defined with the numerical reference 10 (bottom right in fig. 2), of which some types of sensors will be described in detail below. The centralized device can already contain the sensors of block 10 on board for parameter measurements without the need for external devices.

The master microcontroller 9 is wirelessly connected (by transmitting radio wave signals) both with the various sensors enclosed in block 10 and with external commands (not indicated) acting on the master microcontroller 9, through a series of external communication circuits, which are grouped within an overall block defined with the numerical reference 11 (top right in fig. 2), of which the different types of communication circuits will be described in detail below by way of non-limiting example.

Furthermore, the master microcontroller 9 is connected to a main low voltage direct power supply, consisting of at least one rechargeable buffer battery 12, which is contained together with a switching of power supply from external to internal 13, within an overall block defined with the numerical reference 14 (top left in fig. 2). Furthermore, this master microcontroller 9 is also connected to a low voltage direct power supply, consisting of the components that will be described in detail below, which are grouped within an overall block defined with the numerical reference 15 (top left, under the block 14 in fig. 2). The present master microcontroller 9 is further connected with electrical and electronic circuits for inserting further parameters to be controlled into the master microcontroller 9, grouped within an overall block defined with the numerical reference 16 (bottom left, under block 15 in fig. 2 ), which circuits will be described in detail below by way of non-limiting example. Finally, the master microcontroller 9 is also connected to the following additional separate and independent circuits:

- at least one traditional memory 17 of all the data managed by the master microcontroller 9; - an auxiliary stand-by command 18, the composition and functionality of which will be described below;

- a traditional on-off control 19, for switching on and off the operating circuits of the centralized appliance 5;

- an acoustic signaling device 20, provided for the functions to be described.

The master microcontroller 9 consists of electronic components capable of generating electrical signals to be transmitted and received with respect to the circuits described in fig. 2, and also adapted to directly command and manage the electrical signals of all the information that is exchanged with the circuits described in fig. 2, for carrying out all the functions provided in the centralized apparatus 5 in accordance with the present invention.

Moreover, this master microcontroller 9 is set in advance in such a way as to be able to receive and recognize all the electrical signals detected by the various electrical and electronic sensors grouped by way of non-limiting example in block 10 described in fig. 2, together with the relative electrical levels of these signals, and to continuously compare the levels of these signals (by means of relative electronic comparators included in the electronic components of the microcontroller itself) with corresponding electrical reference signals generated in the microcontroller 9 and previously regulated therein, displaying the data detected on the relative electronic touch circuits (not indicated) that are formed in the monitor 7 (of the touch-screen type) and also indicating the optimal levels of the electrical signals that must be maintained and not exceeded, which refer to the parameters environmental detected by the various sensors grouped in the aforementioned block 10, to thus maintain the environment in optimal and satisfactory conditions for the people who live in the same environment. In this condition, then, as long as the levels of the signals received by the relative electronic comparators of the microcontroller 9 are different from the corresponding predetermined reference levels set in the comparators themselves, the relative environmental parameters to be controlled have not reached the optimal levels, for which it is necessary modify these environmental parameters in order to bring them to the optimal pre-established levels, and this variation of the environmental parameters is obtained by acting directly manually or automatically on the equipment respectively provided to obtain the corresponding environmental parameters, which are installed in the environment to be controlled, or by acting manually not on the equipment, but on the devices foreseen in the environment that are able to influence the respective parameters to be controlled.

To obtain the manual or automatic remote adjustment of the parameters to be controlled, then, each appliance is incorporated, as will be shown in particular in figs. 8-12, at least one specific external electric actuator (not indicated), acting on the internal operating mechanism of the equipment able to determine the relative environmental parameter, which actuator communicates wirelessly with the master microcontroller 9 and is controlled by signals generated and transmitted from the microcontroller itself.

In the case of automatic adjustment of the parameters to be controlled, the master microcontroller 9 continuously and automatically monitors the result of the comparison between the levels of the input signals of the comparators, or those detected by the relative external or internal sensors, and the reference signals applied to other inputs of the comparators themselves and, depending on this comparison, the comparators automatically generate a corresponding electrical response signal, which is wirelessly transmitted to the relative external actuator until the levels of the input signals become identical to the reference signals of the comparators.

This electrical response signal is then received by the relative remote actuator, whose activation determines the activation of the operating mechanism of the corresponding equipment, with consequent progressive variation of the level of the environmental parameter determined by this operating mechanism. This continuous variation of the level of the parameter is displayed and controlled in monitor 7. When the environmental parameter thus adjusted has reached the predetermined optimal level, the input signals reach the same level as the predetermined reference signals, applied to the comparator, the response to the comparator output is canceled, and therefore the operatively connected remote actuator is deactivated, so that this actuator no longer activates the operating mechanism of the corresponding equipment, so that the latter stops working, and the optimal level of the parameter thus adjusted is displayed and checked in the monitor 7.

This situation is maintained and monitored continuously and automatically with the same criteria described above, thus ensuring the maintenance over time of optimal environmental parameters in the environment where people are.

The wireless communication between the master microcontroller 9 with all the external remote electrical sensors with respect to the present centralized apparatus 5, which are powered at low direct voltage as will be described, is carried out by means of radio frequency of the ISM band, in which the electrical signals generated in each relative remote sensor and corresponding to the instantaneous levels of the parameters respectively detected by the sensor itself are passed through an interface circuit 21 connected to the sensor itself and then these signals are transmitted through at least one internal antenna 22 connected to the interface circuit 21 ( see Fig. 5), towards an internal antenna 23 connected through an interface circuit 24 with the master microcontroller 9, to thus determine the recognition of the levels of these sensor signals as previously described. The master microcontroller 9 is also set up to communicate wirelessly with each relative external electric actuator 25 of a relative room control equipment (see fig. 8-12, depicting actuators associated with different types of remote sensors) and this connection occurs through at least one internal antenna 26 and a relative interface circuit 27, connected in succession with its own actuator, and in turn this internal antenna 26 receives and transmits radiofrequency signals with respect to the internal antenna 23 of the master microcontroller 9.

In these cases, then, depending on the voltage levels of each signal received by a certain sensor and compared in the master microcontroller 9, by means of the corresponding electronic comparator, with the relative predetermined reference levels, at the output of this comparator signals (when the received and reference levels are different from each other) that indicate this condition in which it is necessary to modify the actual level of the relevant parameter. In the event that the remote sensors are not equipped with actuators, then, the variation of the level of the relative environmental parameter is carried out by manually acting on the devices and devices already mounted in the room, for example by opening one or more windows and doors to let external air (in the case of parameters relating to the quantity of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, ambient air temperature, etc.), or by varying the lighting, for example by darkening the environment to different degrees with shutters, curtains, etc. case of a parameter such as ambient brightness. All these parameters to be controlled are visible in the monitor 7 of the present centralized apparatus 5, in the form of touch keys formed as will be described below. In the event that the system is equipped with actuators, the level variation of the relative parameter is carried out automatically, when the levels of the received signals and the reference ones are different from each other at the comparator output, and in this condition the master microcontroller 9 provides to transmit an electrical signal, through its internal antenna 23, to the internal antenna 26 and to the interface circuit 27 associated with the relative actuator 25 acting on the internal operating mechanism (not indicated) of the relative room control equipment, and Actuation of this operating mechanism then regulates the level of the parameter influenced by the operation of this equipment. When the level of the parameter has been adjusted to the predetermined value, the exchange of electrical signals between the master microcontroller 9 and the relative actuator 25 ceases, and in this condition the parameter has reached the desired level, in order to keep the environment in the state optimal of satisfactory liveability for people.

The master microcontroller 9 is designed to set and manage a maximum number of environmental parameters to be controlled therein, each of which is associated with a relative electronic comparator performing the function described above. In the initial condition in which no parameter has yet been set in the centralized device 5 according to the invention, each parameter to be controlled is introduced individually in the internal circuits of the master microcontroller 9 by first acting on the electrical and electronic circuits grouped in block 16, see fig. 2, as will be described below, and then acting on specific commands in the form of touch keys visible in the monitor 7, which commands are arranged in the electrical and electronic circuits of the master microcontroller 9 to carry out operations and controls of various kinds, diagnostics (e.g. of faults, power supply status, level of radio frequency signals received). In this way, when the desired number of environmental parameters has been introduced into the master microcontroller 9, all these parameters are highlighted in the monitor 7 in the form of corresponding touch control keys, which make the instantaneous conditions and the variations over time of the relative environmental parameters, which can be varied at will by operating the controls described above. In the example visible in fig. 1, 10 touch keys have been created, marked with the numerical references 28-37, which correspond to ten different environmental parameters to be controlled. If the centralized device 5 has to detect and control also further environmental parameters, initially not foreseen, which added to the parameters already entered in the master microcontroller 9 do not exceed the maximum allowed number of parameters to be controlled that can be entered in the device in question, these additional additional parameters are individually introduced in the master microcontroller 9 with the same criteria described above. Consequently, there is the important advantage that with this centralized device it is possible not only to control a plurality of environmental parameters with the use of a single device instead of as many devices as there are environmental parameters to be controlled, but also to add at any time further parameters in the master microcontroller of the equipment itself, by carrying out the simple operations described above.

When a centralized device 5 has been set up to control a certain number of environmental parameters, and all the remote sensors of the parameters to be controlled have been installed in the environment and are powered by low direct voltage and, in the case of the presence of actuators, the latter they are also installed in the environment and powered by low direct voltage, the start commands are activated in the monitor 7, for wireless communication between the master microcontroller 9 and the remote sensors as well as between the master microcontroller 9 and the actuators, so determines the detection and adjustment of the levels of environmental parameters in the manner described above.

In all cases in which it is intended to eliminate one or more parameters from the master microcontroller 9, and / or replace these parameters with other environmental parameters, the user activates the corresponding commands which are highlighted and are visible on the monitor 7, and this operation is again carried out by acting on other commands visible on the monitor 7, if you want to highlight on the monitor, for example with colored signs and / or with more marked signs or in another way, one or more specific parameters to be controlled.

With reference to Figures 1, 2, 8-12, some sensors for detecting environmental parameters are now described by way of non-limiting example, which are represented in these figures, and which in this case consist of sensors for measuring the following environmental parameters :

- carbon monoxide (CO);

- sound intensity;

- ambient light;

- UV rays ;

- temperature ;

- humidity ;

- atmospheric pressure ;

- air quality;

- volatile organic compounds;

- carbon dioxide from the air (CO2).

Referring again to FIG. 2, it is noted that the master microcontroller 9 is also communicating with the rechargeable buffer battery 12, with the switching of the power supply from external to internal 13, both grouped in block 14, and also with the DC low voltage power supply, whose components are grouped in block 15, and with the electrical and electronic circuits for entering the parameters in the microcontroller 9, which are grouped in block 16. Furthermore, the master microcontroller 9 is also communicating both with the data memory 17, in which all the data managed by the microcontroller itself, both with the auxiliary stand-by command 18, and with the on-off command 19, and with the audible (or even optical) signal 20. In fig. 2 and in fig. 7 schematizes with the numerical reference 38 the wireless communications of the ISM type between the master microcontroller 9 and all the remote sensors and actuators present (these components are not indicated). Finally, the master microcontroller 9 is further connected, through other types of wireless communications (radio waves), which in the example consist of WI FI 39 communications or traditional bluetooth communications 40 (visible in fig. 2 enclosed in the block 11 and in Fig. 7, enclosed in block 41), with one or more control and data display devices represented for example by smartphones, tablets, internet etc., indicated with 42 in Fig. 7, which have been set with a specific operating program (APP), so that by means of these devices the commands can be activated to introduce the signals to the master microcontroller 9 to determine the detection and adjustment of the levels of the parameters to be controlled with the remote sensors, and to display, on the monitor of these devices, all the levels of the parameters to be controlled, and so that these devices are also able to control and verify the operation of all the remaining external components operationally connected wirelessly with the microcontroller master 9. In particular, the connection of the smartphones 42 with the Internet network occurs through the WIFI communication 39, passing through the master microcontroller 9, which is designed to exchange data between it, the Internet network, and the smartphones 42. Furthermore, by means of a specific operating program (APP) set in the smartphones 42, it is also possible display, measure and regulate the parameters detected by a separate electronic control unit (not indicated) in the smartphones themselves, connected to the Internet via WIFI communication 39.

In fig. 8 shows the block diagram of the electrical circuit of the sensor 43 for measuring the level of carbon monoxide (CO) in the environment, whose measured and regulated levels are visible in the touch button 28 of the monitor 7, shown in fig. 1.

Sensor 43 is a traditional electrochemical sensor, without water, has compact dimensions, low energy consumption and is suitable for battery-powered devices, as in the case of the centralized device 5 according to the invention. The electric power supply of the sensor 43 is determined by an electric battery 44, connected to it and to a high efficiency electric circuit 45, which generates the supply voltages of all the components that will be described and which are connected with the sensor 43 This sensor 43 comprises a probe (not indicated) in contact with the ambient air and sensitive to the carbon monoxide contained in the air itself, which probe generates an analog electric current proportional to the level of CO present in the environment. During operation, in which the probe constantly detects the CO level of the environment, electrostatic charges continuously and naturally accumulate on the probe, indicated by the numerical reference 46, which alter the correct reading of the probe and therefore also the level of CO actually present in the environment, and these electrostatic charges are eliminated as will be described shortly, to ensure a correct reading of the actual level of CO in the environment. The CO sensor 43 is operationally connected to a series of electronic components comprising a bias circuit 47, an antipolarization circuit 48, a current / voltage converter 49 also performing the function of filter and high impedance amplifier, and this the latter in turn is connected in succession with an electronic microcontroller 50, a transmitter-receiver circuit (transceiver) 51 of the bidirectional type, and an antenna 52, which communicates wirelessly through the ISM communication with the internal antenna 23 of the control unit electronics, and the configuration and function of these electronic components will be described below. The CO sensor 43 is connected via an electrical conductor 53 to an input 54 of the current / voltage converter 49. In turn, the bias circuit 47 is adapted to constantly generate a continuous reference voltage, with a high output impedance , which is applied both to the CO sensor 43 through an electrical conductor 55 and to another input 56 of the current / voltage converter 49, through a relative electrical conductor 57, to ensure correct operation of both the CO sensor 43 and both of the current / voltage converter 49. The anti-polarization circuit 48 is constituted in the present example by a traditional MOSFET electronic circuit, formed by an electrode 58 connected to the electrical conductor 55, by an intermediate electrode 59 acting as an electronic switch and by another electrode 60 connected with the electrical conductor 53. The connection of the MOSFET circuit 48 thus obtained is therefore capable of short-circuiting to cut or not the terminals of the CO sensor 43 depending on the operating state of the sensor itself. In particular, this MOSFET circuit 48 is provided in such a way as to have a low impedance when the CO sensor 43 is not active, in the condition in which the electronic switch 59 is closed, and therefore the terminals of the sensor 43 are short-circuited, and a very high impedance when the CO sensor 43 is active, in the condition in which the electronic switch 59 is open, and the terminals of the sensor 43 are no longer short-circuited.

When the CO sensor 43 is deactivated, the electronic switch 59 is closed short-circuiting the terminals of the sensor 43 and thus instantly and completely discharging and eliminating all the electrostatic charges 46 that had accumulated on the sensor probe itself.

As soon as the CO sensor 43 is activated to detect the level of CO in the environment, the electronic switch 59 opens, and in this condition the MOSFET circuit 48 has a very high impedance which determines the almost instantaneous opening of the electronic switch. 59, thus allowing the CO sensor 43 to detect the correct levels of CO present in the environment. According to the invention, it is also possible to use an electronic component other than the MOSFET 48 electronic circuit to create the anti-polarization circuit described above, provided that the same result is always obtained, without thereby departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. The direct electric current produced by the CO sensor 43 and corresponding to the instantaneous CO level of the environment detected by the sensor itself, and from which all the electrostatic charges as described above have been eliminated, is then transmitted through the electrical conductor 53 to the current / voltage 49, which is of the traditional type and serves to convert this direct current into a corresponding direct voltage, with variable values, which passing through the current / voltage converter 49 is then filtered by any electric voltage and / or magnetic field of low frequency disturbance produced externally and which could affect the real level of this direct voltage, and subsequently this filtered direct voltage is then amplified by a high impedance amplifier, also present in the aforementioned current / voltage converter, to be then applied to the next microcontroller electronic 50, very low cons where this direct voltage is managed and converted into a corresponding digital signal, and where the received data are constantly analyzed, and arranged to be transmitted to the master microcontroller 9 of the present centralized apparatus 5. Furthermore, the electronic microcontroller 50 generates signals response to any signals for verifying the functional state of the microcontroller itself, which are received by the latter and come from the master microcontroller 9, to check the correct operation of both the electronic components described up to now, and also of the electronic microcontroller 50.

The digital signals processed in the electronic microcontroller 50 are transmitted by the latter to the transmitter-receiver circuit (transceiver) 51, which is a traditional circuit with very low energy consumption, which manages the bidirectional radio frequency communication of the signals through the antenna 52, connected with the transmitter-receiver circuit 51, towards the internal antenna 23 of the electronic control unit, and from the latter in the reverse direction towards the electronic microcontroller 50. If the level of CO actually present in the living environment is higher than the predetermined one, (these levels are both visible on the monitor 7), it is necessary to open the windows and / or doors of the room by hand, so that the outside air progressively penetrates into the room, mixing with that already present in the room itself, thus decreasing progressively the concentration of CO in the latter, or manually or automatically activate the remote actuators inter use devices suitable for the ventilation of the room.

When the CO sensor 43 detects that the CO level of the living environment has decreased in such a way as to reach the predetermined level, which levels always appear visible in the monitor 7, the optimal livability condition is reached for the people who are in the environment.

At this point, the windows and / or doors are closed again by hand, or manually or automatically deactivated the remote actuators interfaced with devices suitable for the ventilation of the room, since it is no longer necessary to let the outside air into the room. , and the level of CO in the environment is always monitored by the CO sensor 43 and regulated with the criteria described above. In the conditions described above, the external air can also be allowed to penetrate or not into the environment, by applying in the windows and / or doors the appropriate automatic opening and closing devices of these fixtures, which devices are automatically controlled by a corresponding actuator external (not indicated) associated with the CO sensor 43 and acting as previously described.

Referring now to FIG. 9, the block diagram of the electrical circuit of the sensor 61 for measuring the sound level (sound level meter) in the environment is shown, whose measured and adjusted levels are visible in the touch button 29 of the monitor 7, shown in fig. 1.

The sensor 61 is normally constituted by a wideband precision microphone, low noise, compact size and low energy consumption (the microphone is not shown), suitable for battery powered devices, as in the case considered. This sound sensor (sound level meter) 61 generates an analog electrical signal proportional to the detected sound, whose frequency is included in the audio band, and it is connected with an electrical circuit 62 with high input impedance and low output impedance, in order not to distort the electrical signal received by the microphone, and this circuit 62 amplifies this signal to allow subsequent easy processing, and furthermore it filters the signal itself from out-of-band audio disturbances, and isolates the microphone from the remaining electrical circuits. The signal thus obtained in the electric circuit 62 is transmitted, at its output, to a subsequent electric circuit 63, which generates a low frequency analog electric voltage, indicating the average level of the audio signal present in the environment, and this circuit 63 it also isolates the subsequent electronic microcontroller 50 in order not to distort the measurement. In turn, the output of the electrical circuit 63 is connected to the next electronic microcontroller 50, so that the analog electrical voltage produced in the circuit 63 is applied in this electronic microcontroller 50, which is identical and performs the same function as the same component. 50 of fig. 8, and therefore also in this case it converts the analog signal into a digital signal, analyzes the data and prepares them for sending to the master microcontroller 9, and also responds to the requests for verifying its functional status coming from said master microcontroller 9 of the centralized appliance 5. Finally, also in this case, the exchange of electrical signals between the electronic microcontroller 50 and the aforementioned master microcontroller 9 takes place in the same way and with the same components described in fig. 8, or through the transmitter-receiver circuit (transceiver) 51, the antenna 52, the ISM communication 38 and the internal antenna 23. In this case, moreover, the regulation of the ambient sound level can advantageously be carried out automatically by means of an actuator 25, combined with an interface circuit 27 and an antenna 26 identical to those described above and connected with said master microcontroller 9 through the ISM communication 38 and the internal antenna 23. In this case, then, the automatic level adjustment effective sound of the environment up to the pre-established sound level, is controlled by the master microcontroller 9 acting on the actuator 25 with the same criteria described, which actuator is applied on sound shielding devices of various kinds, arranged in the environment and marked with reference number 64.

Naturally, this adjustment of the ambient sound level can also be carried out manually, by acting on the sound shielding devices provided, or by adjusting the level of the sound sources.

In fig. 10 shows the block diagram of the electrical circuit of the sensor 65 for measuring the level of ambient light and UV ultraviolet rays (luxmeter) in the environment, the measured and adjusted levels of which are visible in the touch button 30 of the monitor 7, visible in fig.

1. The sensor 65 is of the traditional type, has compact dimensions and low consumption, and generates in output a digital electrical signal proportional to the level of visible light and, separately, to the level of ultraviolet rays present in the environment, and it is suitable for battery powered appliances, as in the case considered. This sensor 65 is powered by an electric battery 44 connected to it and to a high efficiency electric circuit 45, which are identical and perform the same functions as those described with reference to figs. 8 and 9. Furthermore, the sensor 65 is connected in succession with an electronic microcontroller 50, a transmitter-receiver circuit (transceiver) 51 of the bidirectional type, an antenna 52, which are identical to those described in Figs. 8 and 9 and they are also operationally connected through the ISM communication 38 and the internal antenna 23 and operate in the same way described above.

Also in this case, moreover, the regulation of the level of light and of environmental ultraviolet rays can be advantageously carried out automatically by means of an actuator 25, combined as that of fig. 9 and operatively connected identically to the master microcontroller 9.

In this case, then, the automatic regulation of the level of light and of environmental ultraviolet rays is carried out by the actuator 25 which acts on shutters, curtains and light regulation devices of various kinds which are arranged in the environment and marked with the numerical reference. 66. Naturally, here too the adjustment of these levels can also be carried out manually, by acting directly on the light adjustment devices arranged in the environment.

In fig. 11 the block diagram of the electrical circuit of the sensor 67 for measuring the level of temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure and ambient air quality is now represented, the levels of which measured and adjusted are visible in the respective touch keys. 31, 32, 33 and 34 of the monitor 7, visible in fig. 1. The sensor 67 is of the traditional type, has compact dimensions and low consumption, and generates at output separate digital electrical signals for each measured parameter, which are proportional to the respective parameters, and it is suitable for battery powered devices, as in the case considered. This sensor 67 is powered by an electric battery 44 connected to it through a high efficiency electric circuit 45, which are identical and perform the same functions as those described with reference to figs. 8, 9 and 10.

Furthermore, the sensor 67 is connected in succession with an electronic microcontroller 50, a transmitter-receiver circuit (transceiver) 51 of the traditional type, an antenna 52, which are identical to those described in figs. 8, 9 and 10, and are also operationally connected through the ISM connection 38 and the internal antenna 23 and work in the same way described above.

Also in this case, moreover, the adjustment of the levels of the parameters described above can be advantageously carried out automatically by means of an actuator 25, combined as those of figs. 9 and 10 and operatively connected identically to the master microcontroller 9.

In this case, then, the automatic adjustment of the levels of the aforementioned relative environmental parameters is carried out by the actuator 25 which acts on a specific appliance 68 which influences these environmental parameters, which can consist of one or more electric heating elements, in the case of temperature, from an air conditioner in the case of humidity, or from other suitable apparatus known per se in the cases of atmospheric pressure and air quality.

Naturally, here too the adjustment of the relative levels of the various parameters can also be carried out manually, by acting directly on each respective apparatus 68 provided.

In fig. 12 shows the block diagram of the electrical circuit of the sensor 69 for measuring the level of volatile organic compounds, and of the carbon dioxide of the environment, whose measured and regulated levels are visible in the touch keys 35, 36 and 37 of the monitor 7, visible in fig. 1. The sensor 69 is of the traditional type, has compact dimensions and low consumption, and generates at output separate digital electrical signals for each measured parameter, which are proportional to the respective parameters, and it is suitable for battery-powered devices, as in the case considered. This sensor 69 is powered by an electric battery 44 connected to it through a high efficiency electric circuit 45, which are identical and perform the same functions as those described with reference to figs. 8, 9, 10 and 11.

Furthermore, the sensor 69 is connected in succession with an electronic microcontroller 50, a transmitter-receiver circuit (transceiver) 51 of the traditional type, an antenna 52, which are identical to those described in fig. 8, 9, 10 and 11, and are also operationally connected through the ISM connection 38 and the internal antenna 23 and work in the same way described above.

Also in this case, moreover, the adjustment of the levels of the parameters described above can be advantageously carried out automatically by means of an actuator 25, combined as those of figs. 9, 10 and 11 and operationally connected identically to the master microcontroller 9.

In this case, then, the automatic adjustment of the levels of the aforementioned environmental parameters is carried out by the actuator 25 which acts on at least one specific device 70 which influences these environmental parameters, which can be constituted by a ventilation system installed in the environment, or from other suitable apparatuses known per se that allow a change of air in the room itself. Naturally, here too the adjustment of the relative levels of the various parameters can also be carried out manually, by acting directly on each respective appliance 70 provided, or by opening and closing the windows and / or doors of the room, to allow the air to be exchanged in the room. environment itself.

It is also necessary to specify that this centralized appliance 5, in addition to detecting and regulating the environmental parameters specified only by way of non-limiting example, is also suitable for being used to perform these functions with the criteria described also for other types of parameters, such as for example parameters relating to soils (chemical and biological compositions of soils, presence of gas in soils, etc.) or parameters concerning the physical conditions of people, or for a plurality of parameters of various kinds, which it is necessary to know and monitor and keep within pre-established limits.

Referring now to FIG. 2, the block diagram of the electric and electronic circuits for the low voltage direct power supply of all the electric and electronic components of the centralized apparatus 5 according to the invention is described, in which a buffer battery 12 of the rechargeable type is used. , which in the illustrated example is grouped in block 14. This buffer battery 12 is powered and recharged by means of the components described in fig. 3, from an external DC low voltage network power supply 71, in the way and for the function that will be described in fig. 3. As can be seen again in fig. 2, the electric and electronic circuits also comprise a switching of the external / internal power supply, marked with 13 and grouped in the example described in block 14, together with the buffer battery 12. The purpose of switching the external / internal power supply 13, which consists of a traditional power switch, is to allow the power supply of all the components of the centralized appliance 5 directly from the external power supply 71, if this is present, or to insert the buffer battery 12 to power through this last all components, in case of external power failure 71.

Furthermore, the components of the centralized apparatus 5 also comprise a first direct current-direct current converter (abbreviated DC-DC) of the traditional type, marked with 72, and a second direct current-direct current converter (abbreviated DC-DC) of the type traditional, marked with 73, which in the illustrated example are grouped in block 15, of which the first converter 72 is controlled by the master microcontroller 9 and generates the voltage and direct current necessary to power all the circuits of the control unit (i.e., of the circuits included in the centralized device 5), excluding the power supply of the master microcontroller 9. In turn, the second converter 73 generates the voltage and direct current necessary for the power supply of the master microcontroller 9. These first and second converters 72 and 73 are powered by the external power supply 71 through an instantaneous detection circuit of the external power supply 74 and the switching circuit of the external / internal power supply 13, and these circuits 74 and 13 are made in such a way that, in the event that the circuit 74 detects the absence of an external power supply 71, they are switched to the buffer battery 12, which therefore supplies them in place of the external power supply 71. The composition and operation of these circuits are described in fig. 3.

In fig. 2 it is also visible how the master microcontroller 9 is connected by means of respective electrical conductors (not indicated) with the data memory 17, in which all the data processed and managed by the master microcontroller 9 are stored, with the ON-OFF manual control 19 which is activated to power or not all the components of the centralized appliance 5, with the stand-by command 18, called help (help), controlled by the master microcontroller 9, which manually switches the power supply of all the components of the control unit to operate with a low consumption, thus saving the power consumption of the plant.

Furthermore, the central stand-by control 18, in the event that the master microcontroller 9 detects abnormal measurements, calls the user to attention, through a built-in light (or sound) source 20.

In these conditions, if it is pressed, it activates monitor 7, which highlights the abnormal measurements in order to inform the user on site. The user can therefore act accordingly both manually and automatically on remote actuators or suitable devices (not shown), so that the measurements return to normal conditions.

In fig. 3 the block diagrams of the electrical and electronic circuits are now described and in detail all the electrical and electronic circuits made and their relative connections, to obtain the power supply referred to in fig. 2 of the operations center of the centralized device 5 conforming to the invention. The electrical and electronic circuits of the power supply of the control unit, or of the centralized appliance 5, substantially comprise the detection circuit of the external power supply 74, connected to the output of the external power supply 71 and to the input of the master microcontroller 9, the whose output is connected both to a first electronic switch 75, preferably formed by a traditional photo relay, and to a second electronic switch 76, separated from the first electronic switch 75 and also preferably formed by a traditional photo relay. The functions of these circuits will be described shortly.

The power supply circuits of the power station also include a traditional type 77 MOSFET electronic circuit, connected with its input with another output of the external power supply 71 and with its output with the power supply 78 of the converters 72 and 73 described above. In turn, the first photo relay 75 is connected with its output to the rechargeable buffer battery 12, which is also connected with the aforementioned power supply 78, while the second photo relay 76 is connected with its output to another input. of the electronic circuit MOSFET 77.

The detection circuit of the external power supply 74 is formed by an electronic voltage comparator 79, which instantly detects the presence or absence of the external power supply 71. The operation of the aforementioned circuits is as follows:

When the external power supply 71 is present, the electronic comparator 79 detects its voltage, and transmits it to the master microcontroller 9 which verifies whether this voltage is sufficient to power all the circuits of the control unit and to recharge the buffer battery 12. In the case in where this voltage exists and is of a sufficient level, the master microcontroller 9 controls the operation of all the circuits of the control unit and enables, through the second photo relay 76, the operation of the MOSFET circuit 77, and therefore the opening and closing of the electronic switch 80 of this electronic circuit. When this condition occurs, then, by means of the first photo relay 75, the buffer battery 12 is set up for recharging and the power supply circuits 78 are connected to the external power supply 71. If the external power supply 71 fails, the microcontroller master 9, by means of the two photo relays 75 and 76 opens the electronic switch 80 of the MOSFET circuit 77, and thus prepares the buffer battery 12 to supply electrical power to all the circuits of the control unit. All this happens instantly without lack of communication on the internal data bus (not indicated) of the USB circuit.

Referring now to FIG. 4, the electrical block diagram of the various electrical and electronic components incorporated in block 16 of fig. 2 and communicating wirelessly with the master microcontroller 9 which, as previously described, is incorporated in the control unit or in the present centralized apparatus 5, and this communication in the example described takes place by means of infrared radiations transmitted bidirectionally between the components of the control unit 5 and the electrical and electronic components incorporated in an external device, marked with 81, which is included in each external sensor, or in each external electric actuator 25 that is provided, and this in order to insert in the master microcontroller 9 a predetermined maximum number of related environmental parameters that are detected and adjusted by each sensor, with the possibility of exchanging at any time the types of parameters already entered in the master microcontroller 9 with other types of parameters to be entered in the latter, and also to delete any type of parameter already introduced in the microcontroller itself.

As can be seen from this figure, the control unit 5 includes in addition to the master microcontroller 9, the components consisting of at least one communication circuit of infrared radiations 82 of the traditional type, communicating with the master microcontroller 9 and able to transmit the infrared radiations generated by it towards the components included in the external device 81, and to receive from the latter the infrared radiation generated by the components included in the external device itself. The control unit 5 also comprises at least one permanent magnet 83, separate and not communicating with respect to the aforementioned communication circuit 82, whose permanent magnetic field can be influenced by the components incorporated in the external device 81, if the latter is approached from the outside to the magnet permanent 83, thereby producing the effect that will be described. In turn, each external device 81 further comprises at least one infrared radiation communication circuit 84 of the traditional type, communicating with an electronic microcontroller 85 and capable of generating infrared radiation to be transmitted to the communication circuit 82 of the control unit 5, whose path is indicated with line A, and also adapted to receive the infrared radiations generated by the latter, whose path is indicated with line B, all in the conditions that will be described below. Finally, each external device 81 also comprises an electronic switch device 86, preferably constituted by a magnetic Reed switch, operatively connected to the electronic microcontroller 85 and influenced by the permanent magnetic field produced by the aforementioned permanent magnet 83, if the external device 81 is brought close to the control unit. 5, to thus produce the effect which will be described.

To insert in the master microcontroller 9 the different environmental parameters to be detected and adjusted in each environment, the external device 81 of each external sensor or of each actuator 25 is brought close to the control unit 5, so that the magnetic Reed switch 86 of said device interferes (see signs marked C) with the lines of force of the permanent magnetic field produced by the permanent magnet 83 of said control unit 5, and in this condition the magnetic field intercepted by the Reed switch 86 determines the closure of its electrical contact 87, thus inserting the electronic microcontroller 85, which therefore activates the infrared radiation communication circuit 84 communicating with said microcontroller 85.

In this way, an exchange of data by means of infrared radiation begins between the circuit 84 and the circuit 82, with consequent insertion of these data, which distinguish each sensor or actuator, in the master microcontroller 9 of the control unit 5, which is not only designed for entering the data of each sensor or actuator, but also to reprogram or delete the data themselves, to perform the functions described above. When all the data relating to the various parameters to be detected and adjusted have been entered in the master microcontroller 9 of the control unit 5, this centralized appliance is ready to perform all the functions described above.

Referring now to FIG. 5, the electrical block diagram of the ISM connection between the master microcontroller 9 of the control unit and any of the remote sensors of a parameter to be detected is shown briefly, which in this case is marked with the numerical reference 88, which sensor is operationally connected with the same components described above, i.e. with an electronic microcontroller 50, an interface circuit 21 and an internal transmitter-receiving antenna 22, while the same figure shows the master microcontroller 9 of the control unit operatively connected with the same components described above , i.e. both with the internal transmitting-receiving antenna 23 through the interface circuit 24, and with a monitor 7 for the local display of the instantaneous data of the detected parameter and its trend over time, and with one of the circuits included in the block 41 of fig. 7, for bidirectional communication via the Internet with remote display and control devices, for example smartphones and tablets.

Finally, in fig. 6 briefly shows the electrical block diagram of the ISM connection between the master microcontroller 9 of the control unit and any remote control for its management. The command in the example described is conditioned by another room control device (not shown), which is associated with the actuator 25. In this wiring diagram, the master microcontroller 9 of the control unit is operationally connected with the same components described previously, i.e. both with the internal transmitting-receiving antenna 23 through the interface circuit 24, and with a monitor 7 for reading the parameter detected by a sensor on the control unit or by a remote sensor, while in the same figure it is shown that the remote control associated with the actuator 25 is operationally connected with the same components described above, that is, with the internal transmitting-receiving antenna 26 through the interface circuit 27.

The method of manual or automatic detection and adjustment of the various parameters relating to applications of various kinds is now described, using the centralized apparatus 5 according to the invention with all the electrical and electronic component parts both incorporated in the apparatus and external to the itself, which are made and operationally connected to each other as described in detail above, to obtain the functions specified above.

With this method, the environmental parameters are detected by means of relative remote sensors external or internal to the present centralized apparatus 5, of which the external ones communicate wirelessly with the master microcontroller 9, with which these parameters are set, received and transmitted with respect to the remote sensors, through a series of commands associated with the same master microcontroller, and the parameters detected and adjusted each time are displayed on the monitor 7 of the centralized device 5. Preferably, the environmental parameters to be detected and adjusted consist of:

- carbon monoxide (CO);

- sound intensity;

- ambient light;

- ultraviolet (UV) rays;

- temperature ;

- humidity ;

- atmospheric pressure ;

- air quality;

- volatile organic components;

- carbon dioxide from the air (CO2).

In addition to these parameters, with this centralized device it is also possible to detect and regulate other types of parameters, such as parameters relating to soils (chemical and biological compositions of soils, presence of gas in soils, etc.), or parameters concerning the physical conditions of people, or for a plurality of parameters of various kinds, which it is necessary to know and monitor and maintain within pre-established limits.

According to the essential characteristics of this method, the detection of the environmental parameters with the relative remote sensors is carried out by setting the master microcontroller 9 in advance so as to generate electrical signals to be transmitted and received only by radio waves, i.e. ISM communication (868 Mhz), with respect to several remote sensors for detecting the relative environmental parameters. Furthermore, the master microcontroller 9 is set in such a way as to continuously compare the levels of the electrical signals detected by each remote sensor, by means of electronic comparators included in the microcontroller itself, with corresponding electrical reference signals generated in the master microcontroller 9 and regulated in advance in the same, displaying the data detected on monitor 7, so that as long as the levels of the signals received are different from the corresponding predetermined reference levels, the relative environmental parameters to be controlled have not reached the optimal levels to keep the environment in satisfactory conditions for people that live in the environment itself, for which the adjustment of the levels of these detected signals is required to make these levels identical to the reference ones.

According to this method, the modification of the levels of the signals detected by each remote sensor is obtained by acting directly manually or automatically on the corresponding equipment that affects the relative environmental parameter (e.g. air conditioner, heater, etc.) and that is installed in the environment to be check, or by manually acting not on the influencing equipment but on the devices provided in the environment (doors, windows, curtains, shutters, etc ...) that are able to influence the respective parameters to be controlled.

To obtain the manual or automatic remote adjustment of the parameters to be controlled, then, each influencing equipment incorporates a specific external actuator 25, acting on the operating mechanism of the influencing equipment adapted to determine the relative environmental parameter, which actuator is controlled by ISM communication by the electrical signals generated and transmitted to it by the master microcontroller 9, and this command is supplied to the relative actuator until each detected signal becomes identical to the predetermined reference signal, in the condition in which the response signal to the The output of the comparator is canceled and therefore the remote actuator is deactivated, so that the latter no longer activates the operating mechanism of the relative equipment, which therefore stops working.

Furthermore, according to the present method, the master microcontroller 9 is designed to set and manage a maximum number of environmental parameters to be controlled therein, each of which is associated with a relative electronic comparator performing the function described above, and each parameter is introduced separately. in the master microcontroller 9 by means of a built-in magnetic circuit 16 for detecting the characteristics of each remote sensor, and interacting by means of infrared radiation with the master microcontroller 9. According to a fundamental characteristic of the present method, further parameters can be added to each of the parameters introduced as desired, or any parameter introduced can be replaced with one or more different parameters, as well as can be deleted.

Finally, the master microcontroller 9 is also set up to transmit and receive electrical signals by means of WI-FI 39 or bluetooth 40 communication with one or more external control and data display devices, such as smartphones, tablets, Internet etc. ., which have been set with a specific operating program (APP), so that through these devices the commands can be activated to input the signals into the master microcontroller 9 to determine the detection and adjustment of the levels of the parameters to be controlled with the remote sensors, and to display on the monitor of these devices all the levels of the parameters to be controlled, and so that these devices are also able to control and verify the operation of all the remaining external components operatively connected wirelessly to the master microcontroller 9.

Claims (16)

Description of the industrial invention entitled: "CENTRALIZED EQUIPMENT FOR MANUAL OR AUTOMATIC DETECTION AND ADJUSTMENT AT PREVIOUSLY ESTABLISHED LEVELS, BOTH OF ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS OF VARIOUS KINDS, AND PARAMETERS RELATING TO OTHER TYPES OF APPLICATIONS, AND METHOD OF DETECTION AND MANUAL ADVERSION PARAMETERS VARIOUS APPLICATIONS USING THIS CENTRALIZED APPLIANCE " CLAIMS 1. Centralized device (5) for the detection and manual or automatic adjustment at previously established levels of both environmental parameters of various kinds, and parameters relating to other types of applications, consisting of a thin box-like structure (6) which it can be of the portable type, but it can also be installed in fixed positions in the environments in which it is desired to detect and adjust the various environmental parameters, said box-like structure (6) being shaped with a monitor (7) smaller than the structure itself, in the which can be displayed all the parameters to be detected and adjusted, and by at least one indicator light (8) included in the monitor (7) and operatively connected with the various parameters, the box-like structure (6) comprising at least one electronic master microcontroller (9 ) powered at direct low voltage, by means of at least one electrical supply (12), a plurality of remote sensor means (43, 65, 61, 67, 69) for the detection of the relative environmental parameters, operatively communicating with said master microcontroller (9), and controlled by the latter, which is also operatively connected also with data storage means (17), input control means (19) and disconnection of the power supply of all the electrical and electronic components of the present centralized device (5), switching means (18) of the various components to operate with low electrical consumption, and means for signaling (20) of anomalous functional conditions of the device, characterized in that said master microcontroller (9) is set to generate electrical signals to be transmitted and received with respect to said remote sensor means (43, 65, 61, 67, 69) via wireless communication, preferably an ISM circuit (38), or a WI-FI circuit (39) or a Bluetooth circuit (40), said master microcontroller (9) being also set to directly command and manage the electrical signals of all the information that are exchanged with said remote sensor means (43, 65, 61, 67, 69), and to recognize the electrical signals received by the sensor means themselves, as well as to regulate the electrical signals received at the levels of reference predetermined in advance in the same master microcontroller, by instantaneous and continuous comparison through electronic comparator means of the received signals with the corresponding reference signals, and, depending on this comparison, to transmit regulation signals to respective associated remote actuator means (25) with a specific influencing apparatus (64, 66, 68, 70) of a corresponding environmental parameter, until the received signals are identical to the relative reference signals, where such regulation signals are also transmitted through said ISM circuit (38 ) or said WI-FI circuit (39) or said Bluetooth circuit (40), said master microcontroller (9) being also designed to set and manage a maximum number of environmental parameters to be controlled therein, each of which is associated with a relative said electronic comparator, so that it is possible not only to control a plurality of environmental parameters, but also to add, remove and replacing the parameters to be controlled with further parameters, up to the predetermined maximum number, using only the centralized device (5), and characterized in that said master microcontroller (9) is also connected with at least one infrared radiation communication circuit (82 ), suitable for exchanging infrared radiations with a further infrared radiation communication circuit (84) incorporated in each remote sensor means, together with circuit means (85, 87) connected to it, suitable for generating the infrared radiations corresponding to the parameter to be to be detected and to be adjusted with the same remote sensor means, by means of their interference circuit means (85, 87) with the lines of force of magnetic means (83) included in the control unit in which said master microcontroller (9) is housed and separated from the latter. Centralized apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrical signals generated in each relative remote sensor means (43, 65, 61, 67, 69) are passed through an interface circuit (21) connected with said sensor means and then they are transmitted, through at least one internal antenna (22) connected with the interface circuit (21), towards an internal antenna (23) connected through an interface circuit (24) with said master microcontroller (9). 3. Centralized apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection of said master microcontroller (9) with each relative external electric actuator (25) occurs through at least one internal antenna (26) and a relative interface circuit (27) , and in turn said internal antenna (26) receives and transmits radiofrequency signals with respect to the internal antenna (23) of said master microcontroller (9). Centralized device according to claim 1, characterized in that the WI-FI (39) or Bluetooth (40) communication circuits are of the traditional type and connected with one or more control and data display devices, represented for example from smartphones, tablets, internet etc. determine the detection and adjustment of the levels of the parameters to be controlled with said remote sensor means, and to display, in the monitor of these devices, all the levels of the parameters to be controlled, and so that these devices are also able to control and verify the operation of all the remaining external components operatively connected wirelessly with the master microcontroller (9). 5. Centralized apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said remote sensor means preferably consist of: - a sensor (43) for measuring the level of carbon monoxide (CO), - a sound level measuring sensor (61) (sound level meter), - a sensor (65) for measuring the level of ambient light and UV ultraviolet rays (luxmeter), - a measurement sensor (67) of the level of temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure and ambient air quality, - a sensor for measuring (69) the level of organic compounds and carbon dioxide in the environment. 6. Centralized apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that said sensor (43) for measuring the level of carbon monoxide (CO) is a traditional electrochemical sensor, without water, has compact dimensions, low energy consumption and is powered by a electric coil (44), connected to it and to a high efficiency electric circuit (45), which generates the supply voltages of all the components that are connected to the sensor (43), said sensor (43) including a probe in contact with the ambient air and sensitive to the carbon monoxide contained in the air itself, which probe generates an analogue electric current proportional to the level of CO present in the environment, which during operation the probe constantly detects the level of CO of the environment, and the electrostatic charges, indicated (46), accumulate continuously and naturally on it, which alter the correct reading of the probe and therefore also the level of CO actually present in the environment, and must be eliminated to ensure a correct reading of the actual level of CO in the environment, said CO sensor (43) being operationally connected with a bias circuit (47), an antipolarization circuit (48), a current / voltage converter (49) also performing the function of filter and high impedance amplifier, and the latter in turn being connected in succession with an electronic microcontroller (50), a transmitter-receiver circuit (transceiver) 51 of the bidirectional type, and an antenna (52), which communicates through the ISM communication with the internal antenna (23) of the control unit of said centralized device (5), and said CO sensor (43) being further connected through an electrical conductor (53) with an input (54) of said current / voltage converter (49). 7. Centralized apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that said bias circuit (47) is adapted to constantly generate a continuous reference voltage, with a high output impedance, which is applied both to the CO sensor (43 ) through an electrical conductor (55) and both to another input (56) of said current / voltage converter (49), through a relative electrical conductor (57), to ensure correct operation of both the CO sensor (43) and both of the current / voltage converter (49). 8. Centralized apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that said anti-polarization circuit (48) is constituted by a traditional type MOSFET electronic circuit, formed by an electrode (58) connected to the electric conductor (55), by an intermediate electrode (59) acting as an electronic switch and another electrode (60) connected to the electrical conductor (53), the connection of said MOSFET circuit (48) being able to short-circuit or not the terminals of the CO sensor (43) depending on of the operating state of the sensor itself, said MOSFET circuit (48) being provided in such a way as to present a low impedance when the CO sensor (43) is not active, in the condition in which the electronic switch (59) is closed, and therefore the sensor terminals (43) are short-circuited, and a very high impedance when the CO sensor (43) is active, in the condition in which the electronic switch (59) is open, and the sensor terminals (43) are no longer short-circuited; and characterized in that when the CO sensor (43) is deactivated, the electronic switch 59 is closed short-circuiting the sensor terminals (43) and thus instantly and completely discharging and eliminating all the electrostatic charges (46) that had accumulated on the probe of the sensor itself, and in this condition as soon as the CO sensor (43) is activated to detect the level of CO in the environment, the electronic switch (59) opens, and in this condition the MOSFET circuit (48) has a very high impedance which determines the almost instantaneous opening of the electronic switch (59), thus allowing the CO sensor (43) to detect the correct levels of CO present in the environment, and the continuous electric current produced by the CO (43) and corresponding to the instantaneous CO level of the environment detected by the sensor itself is then transmitted through the electrical conductor (53) to said current / voltage converter (49), which is of traditional type and serves to convert this direct current into a corresponding direct voltage, with variable values, which passing through the current / voltage converter (49) is then filtered by any electrical voltage and / or magnetic field of low frequency disturbance produced externally and which could affect the real level of this direct voltage, and subsequently this filtered direct voltage is then amplified by a high impedance amplifier, also present in the aforementioned current / voltage converter, to be then applied to the next electronic microcontroller (50), with very low power consumption, where this direct voltage is managed and converted into a corresponding digital signal, and where the received data are constantly analyzed, and arranged to be transmitted to said master microcontroller (9) of this centralized device (5), called microcontroller electronic (50) generating seg response signals to any verification signals of the functional state of the microcontroller itself, which are received by the latter and come from the master microcontroller (9), to check the correct operation of both all the electronic components, and also of said electronic microcontroller (50), and characterized by the fact that the digital signals processed in the said electronic microcontroller (50) are transmitted by the latter to the transmitter-receiver (transceiver) circuit (51), which is a traditional circuit with very low energy consumption, which manages the communication bidirectional radiofrequency of the signals through the antenna (52), connected with the transmitter-receiver circuit (51), towards the internal antenna 23 of the electronic control unit of the centralized appliance (5), and from the latter in the reverse direction towards the electronic microcontroller (50). 9. Centralized apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that said sensor (61) for measuring the sound level (sound level meter) in the environment is normally constituted by a wide band, low noise, compact size and low precision microphone. energy consumption, designed to generate an analog electrical signal proportional to the detected sound, whose frequency is included in the audio band, and it is connected to an electrical circuit (62) with high input impedance and low output impedance, in order not to distort the electrical signal received by the microphone, which circuit amplifies this signal to allow subsequent easy processing, and furthermore it filters the signal itself from out-of-band audio disturbances, and isolates the microphone from the remaining electrical circuits, said signal being transmitted to a subsequent electrical circuit (63), which generates a low frequency analog voltage, indicating the level medium of the audio signal present in the environment, and this circuit (63) also isolates the subsequent said electronic microcontroller (50) in order not to distort the measurement, the output of said electrical circuit (63) being connected with the subsequent said electronic microcontroller ( 50), so that the analog electric voltage produced in the circuit (63) is applied in this electronic microcontroller (50), which also in this case converts the analog signal into a digital signal, analyzes the data and prepares them for sending to the microcontroller master (9), and also responds to the requests for verifying its functional status from said master microcontroller (9), and also in this case the exchange of electrical signals between said electronic microcontroller (50) and said master microcontroller (9) takes place through said transmitter-receiver (transceiver) circuit (51), antenna (52), ISM communication (38) and internal antenna (23), while the regulation ne of the ambient sound level can be carried out automatically by means of said actuator (25), coupled with said interface circuit (27) and said antenna (26), operatively connected with said master microcontroller (9) through the ISM communication (38) and said internal antenna (23). 10. Centralized apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that said sensor (65) for measuring the level of ambient light and UV ultraviolet rays (luxmeter) in the environment is of the traditional type, has compact dimensions and low consumption, and generates at the output a digital electric signal proportional to the level of visible light and, separately, to the level of ultraviolet rays present in the environment, and it is powered by an electric battery (44) connected to it and to a high efficiency electric circuit (45 ), the sensor (65) being also connected in succession with said electronic microcontroller (50), said transceiver (transceiver) circuit (51) of the bidirectional type, said antenna (52) and with said ISM communication (38) and said internal antenna (23), while the regulation of the level of light and of environmental ultraviolet rays can be carried out automatically by means of said actuator (25), also connected or eratively to said master microcontroller (9). 11. Centralized apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that said sensor (67) for measuring the level of temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure and ambient air quality is of the traditional type, has compact dimensions and low consumption, and generates at output separate digital electrical signals for each measured parameter, which are proportional to the respective parameters, and it is powered by an electric battery (44) connected to it through a high efficiency electrical circuit (45), and it is connected in succession with said electronic microcontroller (50), said transmitter-receiver circuit (transceiver) (51), and said antenna (52), and they are also operationally connected through said ISM connection (38) and said internal antenna (23) , while the adjustment of the parameters can be carried out automatically by means of said actuator (25), operatively connected to said master microcontroller (9). 12. Centralized apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that said sensor (69) for measuring the level of volatile organic compounds and carbon dioxide of the environment is of the traditional type, has compact dimensions and low consumption, and generates in output of separate digital electrical signals for each measured parameter, which are proportional to the respective parameters, and it is powered by an electric battery (44) connected to it through a high efficiency electrical circuit (45), the sensor (69) being moreover connected in succession with said electronic microcontroller (50), said transmitter-receiver circuit (transceiver) (51), said antenna (52), and with said ISM connection (38) and said internal antenna (23), while the regulation of levels of the parameters described above can be carried out automatically by means of said actuator (25), also operatively connected to said master microcontroller (9). 13. Centralized apparatus according to the preceding claims, characterized in that said power supply (rechargeable buffer battery) (12) is powered and recharged by an external direct low voltage mains power supply (71), and comprising a switching of the power supply external / internal (13) consisting of a traditional power switch, in order to power all the components of the centralized appliance (5) directly from the external power supply (71), if this is present, or to insert the buffer battery (12 ) to power all the components through the latter, in case of absence of the external power supply (71), and also comprising a first direct current-direct current (DC-DC) converter of the traditional type (72), and a second converter direct current-direct current (DC-DC) of the traditional type (73), of which the first converter (72) is controlled by said master microcontroller (9) and generates the voltage and direct current necessary to power all the circuits of the control unit (i.e., the circuits included in the centralized appliance 5), excluding the power supply of the master microcontroller (9), while the second converter (73) generates the voltage and the direct current necessary for the power supply of said master microcontroller (9), said first and second converters (72 and 73) being powered by the external power supply (71) through an instantaneous detection circuit of the external power supply (74) and said circuit switching of the external / internal power supply (13) and said circuits (74 and 13) being made in such a way that, in the event that the circuit (74) detects the absence of an external power supply (71), they are switched on the buffer battery (12), which therefore supplies them with power instead of the external power supply (71). Centralized apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that said circuit for detecting the external power supply (74) is connected with the output of the external power supply (71) and with the input of said master microcontroller (9), the whose output is connected both to a first electronic switch (75), preferably formed by a traditional photo relay, and to a second electronic switch (76), separated from the first electronic switch (75) and also preferably formed by a photo relay of the traditional type, and also comprising a traditional type MOSFET electronic circuit (77), connected with its input to another output of the external power supply (71) and with its output to the electrical power supply (78) of said converters (72 and 73), said first photo relay (75) being connected to its output with the rechargeable buffer battery (12), which is also connected to the aforementioned electrical power supply (78), and said second photo relay (76) being connected with its output to another input of the MOSFET electronic circuit (77), said external power supply detection circuit (74) being formed by an electronic voltage comparator (79), which instantly detects the presence or absence of the external power supply (71), the circuit arrangement being such that when the external power supply (71) is present, the electronic comparator (79) detects its voltage, and transmits it to the master microcontroller (9) to verify if this voltage is sufficient to power all the circuits of the control unit and to recharge the buffer battery (12), while if this voltage exists and is of sufficient level, the master microcontroller (9) checks the operation of all the circuits of the control unit and to enable, through the second photo relay (76), the operation of the MOSFET circuit (77), and therefore the opening and closing of the circuit breaker and electronic circuit (80) of this electronic circuit, and that when this condition occurs, then, through the first photo relay (75), the buffer battery (12) is set up for recharging and the power supply circuits (78) are connected to the 'external power supply (71), while. if the external power supply (71) fails, the master microcontroller (9), by means of the two photo relays (75 and 76), opens the electronic switch (80) of the MOSFET circuit (77), and thus prepares the buffer battery ( 12) to supply power to all circuits. Centralized apparatus according to the preceding claims, characterized in that said circuit means comprise an electronic microcontroller (85) communicating with said communication circuit of infrared radiations (84) of the traditional type, and able to generate infrared radiations to be transmitted to the communication (82) of the control unit (5), and also adapted to receive the infrared radiations generated by the latter, said circuit means also comprising also an electrical contact (87) of an electronic switch device (86), preferably consisting of a switch Magnetic reed, operatively connected to the electronic microcontroller (85) and influenced by the permanent magnetic field produced by said magnetic means (83), if the external device (81) of each external sensor or of each actuator (25) is approached to the control unit (5 ), so that said magnetic Reed switch (86) of each external device (81) interferes with the lines of force of the permanent magnetic field produced by said magnetic means (83), and in this condition the magnetic field intercepted by the Reed switch (86) determines the closure of its electrical contact (87), thus inserting the electronic microcontroller (85), which therefore activates the infrared radiation communication circuit (84) communicating with said microcontroller (85), thus inserting in said master microcontroller (9) the different environmental parameters to be detected and adjusted, thus starting one exchange of data through infrared radiations between the circuit (84) and the circuit (82), with consequent insertion of these data, which distinguish each sensor or actuator, in the said master microcontroller (9), which is not only predisposed for entering the data of each sensor or actuator, but also to reprogram or delete the data themselves. 16. Method of detection and manual or automatic adjustment at previously established levels of both environmental parameters of different kinds, and parameters relating to other types of applications, using the centralized device according to claims 1-15, characterized in that the parameters are detected by means of said external remote sensor means (43, 61, 65, 67, 69) or internal to said centralized device (5), of which the external ones are wirelessly connected by means of radio wave communications (38, 39, 40) with said master microcontroller (9), with which said parameters are set, received and transmitted with respect to said remote sensor means (43, 61, 65, 67, 69), by means of a series of commands associated with the same master microcontroller, and parameters detected and adjusted each time are displayed in said monitor (7); said master microcontroller (9) being set so as to generate electrical signals to be transmitted and received by said radio wave communications (38, 39, 40) with respect to said remote sensor means (43, 61, 65, 67, 69), and being set in such a way as to continuously compare the levels of the electrical signals detected by each remote sensor means, by means of electronic comparator means, with corresponding electrical reference signals generated in said master microcontroller (9) and adjusted in advance therein, so that as long as the levels of the signals received are different from the corresponding predetermined reference signals, the relative parameters to be controlled have not reached the optimal levels, therefore the adjustment of the levels of these detected signals is required to make these levels identical to the reference ones, characterized by the fact that the manual or automatic remote adjustment of the parameters to be controlled is obtained on average n relative actuator means (25) acting on corresponding influence equipment (64, 66, 68, 70) suitable for determining the relative parameter, which actuator means (25) is controlled through said radio wave communications (38, 39, 40 ) by means of electrical signals generated and transmitted to it by said master microcontroller (9), so that in the condition in which the response signal at the output of said comparator means is canceled, the relative said remote actuator (25) is deactivated ; characterized by the fact that said master microcontroller (9) is also arranged to set and manage a maximum number of parameters to be controlled therein, and each parameter is introduced separately in said master microcontroller (9) by means of an incorporated magnetic circuit (16) of detection of the characteristics of each remote and interacting sensor means by means of infrared radiation with said master microcontroller (9), and to each of the int parameters the products can be added further parameters at will, or any parameter introduced can be replaced with one or more different parameters, as well as can be deleted, said master microcontroller (9) also being set to transmit and receive electrical signals by radio wave communication (39, 40) with one or more of said external command and data display devices (42), which have been set with a specific operating program (APP), so that through these devices the commands to enter the said master microcontroller (9) the signals for determining the detection and adjustment of the levels of the parameters to be controlled with said remote sensor means (43, 61, 65, 67, 69) and for displaying all the parameter levels in the monitor of these devices to be controlled and so that these devices are also able to control and verify the operation of all the remaining components external entities operatively connected wirelessly with said master microcontroller (9).