[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/

IE57205B1 - Process for preparing composite materials and products obtained with said process - Google Patents

Process for preparing composite materials and products obtained with said process

Info

Publication number
IE57205B1
IE57205B1 IE2335/85A IE233585A IE57205B1 IE 57205 B1 IE57205 B1 IE 57205B1 IE 2335/85 A IE2335/85 A IE 2335/85A IE 233585 A IE233585 A IE 233585A IE 57205 B1 IE57205 B1 IE 57205B1
Authority
IE
Ireland
Prior art keywords
fibers
electrostatic field
electrodes
matrix
field
Prior art date
Application number
IE2335/85A
Other versions
IE852335L (en
Original Assignee
Pradom Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pradom Ltd filed Critical Pradom Ltd
Publication of IE852335L publication Critical patent/IE852335L/en
Publication of IE57205B1 publication Critical patent/IE57205B1/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
    • B29C70/12—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of short length, e.g. in the form of a mat
    • B29C70/14—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of short length, e.g. in the form of a mat oriented
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B15/00—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00
    • B29B15/08—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00 of reinforcements or fillers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
    • B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
    • B29C70/20—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • B29C70/38—Automated lay-up, e.g. using robots, laying filaments according to predetermined patterns
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D30/00—Producing pneumatic or solid tyres or parts thereof
    • B29D30/06—Pneumatic tyres or parts thereof (e.g. produced by casting, moulding, compression moulding, injection moulding, centrifugal casting)
    • B29D30/38—Textile inserts, e.g. cord or canvas layers, for tyres; Treatment of inserts prior to building the tyre
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
    • C04B20/0048—Fibrous materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
    • C04B20/02—Treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/16—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/71—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
    • C04B35/78—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing non-metallic materials
    • C04B35/80—Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/71—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
    • C04B35/78—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing non-metallic materials
    • C04B35/80—Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
    • C04B35/82—Asbestos; Glass; Fused silica
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
    • C08J5/06—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material using pretreated fibrous materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
    • C08J5/248—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using pre-treated fibres
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/24—Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
    • H01M4/26—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/28—Precipitating active material on the carrier
    • H01M4/29—Precipitating active material on the carrier by electrochemical methods
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • H01M4/80—Porous plates, e.g. sintered carriers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/96—Carbon-based electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B15/00—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00
    • B29B15/08—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00 of reinforcements or fillers
    • B29B15/10—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/04—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould using liquids, gas or steam
    • B29C35/045—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould using liquids, gas or steam using gas or flames
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
    • C04B2235/5208—Fibers
    • C04B2235/5216—Inorganic
    • C04B2235/522—Oxidic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
    • C04B2235/5208—Fibers
    • C04B2235/5216—Inorganic
    • C04B2235/524—Non-oxidic, e.g. borides, carbides, silicides or nitrides
    • C04B2235/5248—Carbon, e.g. graphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
    • C04B2235/605—Making or treating the green body or pre-form in a magnetic field
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
    • C04B2235/616—Liquid infiltration of green bodies or pre-forms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2915—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including textile, cloth or fabric
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2916—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including boron or compound thereof [not as steel]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2918—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including free carbon or carbide or therewith [not as steel]
    • Y10T428/292—In coating or impregnation

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Robotics (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
  • Tires In General (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Inorganic Fibers (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)

Abstract

1. Process for preparing composite material by impregnation, with a matrix or a matrix precursor and reinforcing elements constituted of fibers in a dielectric material, said fibers being subjected to an intense electrostatic field, process characterized in that : - said fibers are subjected to at least one intense electrostatic field, by being passed between two electrodes, - then the fibers, after having been withdrawn from said electrostatic field, are impregnated with said matrix or with said matrix precursor material.

Description

The present invention relates to a process for preparing composite materials. A process of this type is known from document US-A- 3 919 437. * L Composite materials are materials constituted of 5 reinforcing elements (mostly fibers - or filaments - such as glass fibers, carbon fibers, boron or polyamide fibers, etc...) and of a matrix (constituted either by a resin or a resistant material such as metal or ceramics).
The properties of composite materials are parti10 cularly dependent, as we know, of : - the orientation of the reinforcing elements ; - tie good distribution of the matrix throughout the volume between the reinforcing elements ; - and of any bonds which may be induced between said reinforcing elements and said matrix.
It is therefore an advantage to use a technique wherein the above parameters can be worked in such a way as to optimize the properties of the product as a function of the aim in view, and this is precisely the object of the present invention.
In an attempt to reach this object, it has already been proposed in U.S. Patent 3 919 437 to impregnate reinforcing fibers with the matrix material while said fibers and said matrix material are subjected to an electrostatic field ; the described process consists in creating said electrostatic field between the whole of the fibers rendered conducting by impregnation with water and an electrode and in impregnating said fibers with a matrix material in powder form during the passage in said field so that the particles of said matrix 30 material are also electrically charged.
This process has proved on the one hand very limited in its application since the matrix material has to be solid and on the other hand very difficult to carry into effect due to the fact that the two operations of charging and impregnation must be conducted simultaneously.
It is the o bject of the invention to overcome these difficulties by using high voltage electrostatic fields, and using the reinforcing fiber as electrode and the operation of impregnation of the fibers by the matrix material or matrix precursor only when said fibers are out of the electrostatic field.
The present invention therefore provides a process for preparing composite material by impregnation, with a matrix or a matrix precursor and reinforcing elements θ constituted of fibers in a dielectric material, said fibers being subjected to an intense electrostatic field, wherein: - said fibers are subjected to at least' one intense electrostatic field, by being passed between two electrodes, •5 - then the fibers, after having been withdrawn from said electrostatic field, are impregnated with said matrix or with said matrix precursor material.
By high voltage current-induced electrostatic field is meant a field at least equal to the field obtained by θ applying between two electrodes 20 mm apart, a voltage equal to at least 20,000 volts in alternating current and to at least 40,000 volts in direct current. The reinforcing elements, and in particular the fibers, fibrils or roves used, are then positioned between the electrodes subjected to the very high voltage current. -5 According to the invention, any type of fibers can be used as reinforcing elements, but they must be in a dielectric material, namely a material which, when under the effect of the field, becomes electrically charged and remains charged for a certain time. This is the case for example with polyamide fibers (of NYLON*or KEVLAR*type), glassfibers, fibers in certain metallic oxides, fibers in complex materials (metaloxide) and with carbon fibers. On the contrary, conducting fibers, such as for example metallic fibers or surface-metallized fibers are more difficult to use in the process according to the invention.
The reinforcing fibers are placed between the electrodes, and the very high voltage current is applied between said electrodes for a period long enough to charge said fibers, * Nylon and Kevlar are Trade Marks then,the charged fibers, taken out of the field, are impregnated with the matrix material or with a precursor of the matrix material, which is in liquid form.
The charged fibers having a tendency to push one 5 another back, a bed of fibers is obtained at the output of the field, of which the thickness is between two and four times the thickness of the bed of fibers initially introduced between the electrodes, and it is when the fibers are in that swollen state that they should be impregnated.
Any one of the currently known and used matrix materials is suitable for the process according to the invention, for example resins (epoxy or polyamide resins or hardened carbon mixtures) or silica-fiased mixtures capable of forming ceramics, and metals.
When the fibers have been impregnated by the liquid matrix material (or its liquid precursor), the resulting product can either be sold as is (normally after a first solidification) or it can be transformed by molding and solidification of the matrix. And as known, the matrix itself can be charged, It has been found that with the process according to the invention, the reinforcing elements (fibers) become thoroughly impregnated by the matrix.
But it is also possible to bring to the process according to the invention certain particularly advantageous alterations.
If the electrostatic field is produced with a direct current, it is noted that, besides the swelling action of the bundle of initial fibers, there occurs a complementary orientation of said fibers. This orientation will permit the prepara30 tion of a composite material having specific properties.
It is also possible, as we know, to obtain that some orientation for certain fibers, by the simultaneous or prior use of another field such as for example a magnetic field.
If the electrostatic field is produced with an 35 alternating current, it is noted that besides the swelling action of the bundle of fibers described hereinabove, localized discharges occur between the fibrils, causing, principally in the presence of oxygen, a modification of the surface of the fibers. This modification (which is probably an oxidation), stimulates the properties of the final material insofar as it makes it possible to obtain consolidated bonding between the fiber and the matrix.
It is conceivably possible, according to the invention, to use successively an A.C. electrostatic field (swelling and surface treatment) and a D.C. electrostatic field (swelling and orientation).
The following non-restrictive example, given with reference to Figures 1 to 9, describes an apparatus which can be used for carrying out the invention as well as the obtained reinforcing materials.
A casing in insulating material 1 (Figure 1) resting on insulating support members 2 contains on the inside, in position between wedge members 3 and resting on an insulating base 4 : a first plate-shaped lower electrode 5, a first dielectric 6, a gap 7, a second dielectric 8 and a second, equally plate-shaped electrode 9. The fibrous bundle 10 is placed between the two dielectrics. The two electrodes 5 and 9 are connected to a generator (herein Fig. 1) of direct current of voltage about 100,000 volts. The assembly is charged for about 10 mins, for fibrils of between 5 and 6 mm thickness. Figure 2 shows the bundle before being charged, and Figure 3 shows the bundle after a 10-minute charging treatment.
It is found after successive experiments that the volume has virtually doubled, hence, doubling the volume between the fibrils, the actual volume of the fibrils remaining unchanged.
Figure 4 shows a microscopic view of a fibril before the treatment, and Figure 5 shows the same fibril as ground after the treatment.
From a practical standpoint, it has been found that the fact of subjecting the whole bundle of fibrils to a first A.C. field in order to obtain a more efficient etching with alternating current, and then subjecting it to a D.C. field in order to create an expansion, greatly contributes to obtaining a ground, expanded and tidy bundle. Indeed, a third effect noted in that a rather disorderly bundle, such as illustrated in Figure 6, becomes perfectly orderly after a treatment in a high voltage D.C. electrostatic field, as illustrated in Figure b 7.
Another application, this time using A.C. vol- t tage, consists in injecting short fibers between the two electrodes, as illustrated in Figure 8 and subjecting them to a high voltage A.C. field, as illustrated in Figure 9. It is found then that a bundle of short fibers is obtained in which the fibers are arranged somewhat randomly but homogeneously, which is very advantageous in the case of short fiber composites, since sequencing always gives breaking points, hence weak points.

Claims (8)

1. A process for preparing composite material by impregnation, with a matrix or a matrix precursor and reinforcing elements constituted of fibers in a dielectric material, said fibers being subjected to an intense electrostatic field, 5 wherein: - said fibers are subjected to at least one intense electrostatic field, by being passed between two electrodes, - then the fibers, after having been withdrawn from said electrostatic field, are impregnated with said matrix or with said 10 matrix precursor material.
2. A process according to claim 1, wherein said intense electrostatic field is generated, between two electrodes, by an alternating current, said field being at least equal to the electrostatic field produced by two electrodes 20 mm apart by an 15 alternating current of 20,000 V.
3. A process according to claim 1, wherein said fibers are successively subjected : - to an intense electrostatic field generated, between two electrodes, by an alternating current, said field being at 20 least equal to the electrostatic field produced between two electrodes 20 mm apart by an alternating current of 20,000 V, - then to an electrostatic field produced, between two electrodes, by a continuous current, said field being at least equal to the 25 electrostatic field produced between two electrodes 20 mm apart by a continuous current of 40,000 V.
4. A process according to claim 1, wherein said intense electrostatic field is generated, between two electrodes, by a continuous current, said field being at least equal to the 30 electrostatic field produced between two electrodes 20 mm apart by a continuous current of 40,000 V.
5. A process according to claim 1, wherein said fibers are successively subjected : - to an electrostatic field generated, between two electrodes, 35 by a continuous current, said field being at least equal to the electrostatic field produced between two electrodes 20 mm apart by a continuous current of 40,000 V, - then to an electrostatic field produced between two electrodes by an alternating current, said field being at least equal to the electrostatic field produced between two electrodes 5 20 nun apart by an alternating current of 20,000V.
6. Composite materials obtained by carrying out the process of claim 1.
7. A process for the preparation of a composite material, substantially as described with reference to the accompanying 10 drawings.
8. Apparatus for use in the preparation of a composite material by a process as claimed in claim 1, substantially as described with reference to and as shown in Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings.
IE2335/85A 1984-09-26 1985-09-23 Process for preparing composite materials and products obtained with said process IE57205B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8414800A FR2570646B1 (en) 1984-09-26 1984-09-26 PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS WITH ORIENTED REINFORCING ELEMENTS AND PRODUCTS OBTAINED

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
IE852335L IE852335L (en) 1986-03-26
IE57205B1 true IE57205B1 (en) 1992-06-03

Family

ID=9308107

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
IE2335/85A IE57205B1 (en) 1984-09-26 1985-09-23 Process for preparing composite materials and products obtained with said process

Country Status (13)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0179688B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS6184210A (en)
AT (1) ATE39079T1 (en)
AU (1) AU578740B2 (en)
BR (1) BR8504704A (en)
CA (1) CA1279033C (en)
DE (1) DE3566632D1 (en)
DK (1) DK162334C (en)
ES (1) ES8800635A1 (en)
FR (4) FR2570646B1 (en)
IE (1) IE57205B1 (en)
PT (1) PT81185B (en)
ZA (1) ZA857143B (en)

Families Citing this family (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1178518B (en) * 1984-09-28 1987-09-09 Alusuisse Italia Spa PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CARBON BODIES
BR8807320A (en) * 1987-01-23 1990-05-22 Pradom Ltd PROCESS FOR PREPARING A COMPOUND MATERIAL
US5218012A (en) * 1987-12-11 1993-06-08 Pradom Limited Process for coating fibers and applications thereof to the production of composite materials
FR2636683B2 (en) * 1988-02-26 1990-12-28 Berger Michel HANGING ASSEMBLY SYSTEM HAVING HANGING ELEMENTS FORMED BY CURVILINE RIBS PROVIDED WITH ELASTICALLY DEFORMABLE LIPS
FR2655036B1 (en) * 1989-11-27 1993-07-09 Pradom Ltd COMPLEX COMPOSITE MATERIALS WITH ORGANIC-METAL MATRIX, MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF AND USE THEREOF FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HIGH TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS INTENDED IN PARTICULAR FOR AEROSPATIAL OR HIGH-SPEED VEHICLES, SUCH AS TGV.
GB9124816D0 (en) * 1991-11-22 1992-01-15 Rolls Royce Plc Method of manufacturing a composite material
GB9124822D0 (en) * 1991-11-22 1992-01-15 Rolls Royce Plc Method of manufacturing a composite material
AT410073B (en) * 1997-12-17 2003-01-27 Klaus Dipl Ing Dr Hummel METHOD FOR IMPROVING THE ADHESION OF RUBBER VOLCANISANS TO COPPER ALLOYS
EP1526214A1 (en) 2003-10-21 2005-04-27 Materials Technics Holding Société Anonyme Process and device for impreganting a fibre network with powder material in an electrostatic field with alternating current
EP1525969A1 (en) * 2003-10-21 2005-04-27 Materials Technics Holding Process and device for mixing, dispersing and/or homogenizing powder material
JP5233600B2 (en) * 2008-11-06 2013-07-10 株式会社ニコン Method for producing particle-containing resin
BR112013025889B1 (en) 2011-04-11 2020-05-26 Inovyn Europe Limited MANUFACTURE AND USE OF A COMPOSITE MATERIAL UNDERSTANDING FIBERS AND AT LEAST ONE VINYL CHLORIDE POLYMER
JP6668250B2 (en) 2014-03-10 2020-03-18 マックスウェル テクノロジーズ インコーポレイテッド Method and apparatus for fibrillating polymer compound under electric field
US10151026B2 (en) * 2016-08-05 2018-12-11 Honeywell International Inc. Vibration assisted densification of a carbon fiber preform
EP3661712A1 (en) * 2017-08-01 2020-06-10 SABIC Global Technologies B.V. Method and system for producing unidirctional carbon fiber tape as well as method for surface treating carbon fibers
US11407172B2 (en) 2020-03-18 2022-08-09 Powder Motion Labs, LLC Recoater using alternating current to planarize top surface of powder bed
US11612940B2 (en) 2020-03-18 2023-03-28 Powder Motion Labs, LLC Powder bed recoater
US11273598B2 (en) 2020-03-18 2022-03-15 Powder Motion Labs, LLC Powder bed recoater
CN112793188A (en) * 2021-04-13 2021-05-14 若宇检具股份有限公司 Carbon fiber simulation block based on die extrusion molding and molding method

Family Cites Families (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3073732A (en) * 1959-03-23 1963-01-15 U S Plastic And Chemical Corp Plastic articles and method of producing same
NL6617660A (en) * 1966-01-11 1967-07-12
US3575789A (en) * 1966-12-27 1971-04-20 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Fiber ceramic composites and method of producing same
US3668014A (en) * 1968-06-10 1972-06-06 Leesona Corp Electrode and method of producing same
DE1966299A1 (en) * 1968-11-13 1972-03-30 Monsanto Co Method of making a composite
US3626041A (en) * 1968-11-13 1971-12-07 Monsanto Co Apparatus and process for making continuous filament
US3660888A (en) * 1969-07-24 1972-05-09 Brunswick Corp Process for making electrical energy sources
US3676253A (en) * 1969-11-20 1972-07-11 Cambridge Thermionic Corp Process of making flocked plate structure for electric batteries
DE2022164B1 (en) * 1970-05-06 1971-12-30 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm Process for increasing the strength of molded parts
FR2096585B1 (en) * 1970-06-30 1974-04-26 Ibm
US3767505A (en) * 1971-02-19 1973-10-23 Monsanto Co Producing ordered composites by application of magnetic forces
US3771202A (en) * 1971-03-31 1973-11-13 Us Agriculture Method for electrostatic yarn bulking and impregnating
US3919437A (en) * 1972-02-22 1975-11-11 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Method for electrostatically impregnating strand
SE415550B (en) * 1977-02-04 1980-10-13 Forbo Forshaga Ab PROCEDURE FOR COATING WITH PLASTIC MATERIAL OF A SUBSTANCE THAT WILL UNDERSTAND CONDITIONAL CHANGE
NL7806452A (en) * 1978-06-14 1979-12-18 Tno PROCESS FOR THE TREATMENT OF AROMATIC POLYAMIDE FIBERS SUITABLE FOR USE IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND RUBBERS, AS WELL AS FIBERS THEREFORE TREATED AND PREPARED PRODUCTS ARMED WITH THESE FIBERS.
US4256792A (en) * 1980-01-25 1981-03-17 Honeywell Inc. Composite electronic substrate of alumina uniformly needled through with aluminum nitride
DE3127017C2 (en) * 1981-07-09 1984-08-23 Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8000 München Process for the production of a component from short fiber prepregs
US4838843A (en) * 1982-04-16 1989-06-13 The Gates Rubber Company Toothed belt
FR2529215B1 (en) * 1982-06-28 1987-05-07 Electricite De France PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF POLYMER NETWORKS OF HOMOGENEOUS INTERPENETRATED STRUCTURE
SU1143716A1 (en) * 1982-10-20 1985-03-07 Московский Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Инженерно-Строительный Институт Им.В.В.Куйбышева Conveyer method for manufacturing fibrous heat-insulating materials
JPS60259410A (en) * 1984-06-06 1985-12-21 Toshiba Chem Corp Manufacture of conductive molding material
US4695695A (en) * 1985-04-03 1987-09-22 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Mixture for producing fracture-resistant, fiber-reinforced ceramic material by microwave heating

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0179688B1 (en) 1988-12-07
DK162334C (en) 1992-03-09
DE3566632T (en) 1989-01-12
FR2570646B1 (en) 1987-10-30
FR2609934A2 (en) 1988-07-29
FR2609934B2 (en) 1992-09-04
FR2610922B2 (en) 1993-08-20
EP0179688A1 (en) 1986-04-30
PT81185B (en) 1987-08-19
JPS6184210A (en) 1986-04-28
IE852335L (en) 1986-03-26
FR2611086A2 (en) 1988-08-19
ZA857143B (en) 1986-05-28
ES8800635A1 (en) 1987-12-01
BR8504704A (en) 1986-07-22
AU4791985A (en) 1986-04-10
CA1279033C (en) 1991-01-15
FR2570646A1 (en) 1986-03-28
AU578740B2 (en) 1988-11-03
PT81185A (en) 1985-10-01
DK434585A (en) 1986-03-27
DK162334B (en) 1991-10-14
ES547269A0 (en) 1987-12-01
FR2611086B2 (en) 1994-09-09
DE3566632D1 (en) 1989-01-12
FR2610922A2 (en) 1988-08-19
ATE39079T1 (en) 1988-12-15
DK434585D0 (en) 1985-09-25

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
IE57205B1 (en) Process for preparing composite materials and products obtained with said process
US4707231A (en) Process for preparing composite materials and products obtained with said process
FR2646442B1 (en) TEXTILE REINFORCEMENT FOR USE IN THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS AND SHAPED ARTICLES HAVING SUCH AN REINFORCEMENT
US4894131A (en) Apparatus for the surface treatment of synthetic fibers or yarns
WO1998006551A3 (en) Chemical treatments for fibers and wire-coated composite strands for molding fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composite articles
FR2592404B1 (en) NOVEL COMPOSITE MATERIALS FIBER-MATRIX WITH STRICTLY POSITIONED AND ORIENTED FIBERS AND THEIR PREPARATION METHOD.
EP0219319B1 (en) Method of producing ceramic articles
US3567903A (en) Method of bonding particles into unitary bodies
EP0276041B1 (en) Process for preparing composite material including vulcanized products notably tires, ceramics and electrodes and products obtained with said process
DE1683784A1 (en) Method and device for the production of molded parts
DE19739331A1 (en) Size removal and individual separation treatment of fibers
Dovgyalo Processing Characteristics and Properties of Composite Materials Based on a Disperse Polymer Matrix and a Reinforcing Filler
Pop et al. The superficial microalloying of tool steel by an electrical discharge method
Drzal et al. Fiber-matrix adhesion between carbon fibers and epoxy matrices in E-beam processed composites
DD293543A5 (en) METHOD AND DEVICE FOR FORMING PLASTIC CERAMIC MASSES
Aref'ev Experimental Investigation of Compacting Process of Al--B Fibrous Composite Material
May The Chemical Characterization and Processing Science of Composites.(Retroactive Coverage)
MIZUKAWA et al. Properties of composite box beams under combined impact loading
Boccaccini et al. New technologies for the manufacture of fiber reinforced ceramic composites
JPS57205028A (en) Shrinkage fitting method

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
MM4A Patent lapsed