IE43807B1 - Herbicidal pyrazolinone derivatives - Google Patents

Abstract

1,4-Diphenyl-3-pyrazolin-5-ones of the formula I in which R represents C1-C3-alkyl and R<1> and R<2> independently of one another denote hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine, bromine, methyl or trifluoromethyl, with the proviso that the substituents R<1> and R<2> do not simultaneously represent hydrogen and that the substituent R<1> furthermore does not denote bromine or chlorine in the 4-position, are obtained by reacting a suitable 3-pyrazolin-5-one with an alkylating agent. These compounds which have been prepared according to the invention are used as herbicidal active substances.

Description

This invention belongs to the field of agricultural chemistry, and provides new herbicidal compounds to the art. The growth of weeds, which are often defined as plants growing where they are not wanted, has well-known deleterious effects on crops which are infested with such plants. Unwanted plants growing in cropland, as well as in fallow land, consume soil nutrients and water, and compete with crop plants for sunlight. Thus, weed plants constitute a drain on the soil and cause measurable losses in the yield of crops.

The compounds of formula 1 below are new to organic chemistry. Some compounds which have a relationship to the present invention, however, are known in the herbicidal art. Earlier workers have found herbicides among the pyridazinones, for example, U.S. Patent 3,644,355. Some pyrimidinone herbicides have also been disclosed in the agricultural chemical art, such as the 6-alkyl-2,5-dihalo-3-phenyl-4pyrimidinones of U.S. Patent 3,823,135.

Some diphenyl-5-pyrazolinones have been disclosed, for example, the 3-methyl-l,4-diphenyl compound of Beckh, Ber. 31, 3164 (1898) and the 2-methyl-l,3-diphenyl compound of Knorr et al., Ber. 20, 2549 (1887). A pharmaceutical pyrazolinone is 2,S-dimethyl-l-phenyl-S-pyrazolin-S-one, called antipyrine, which was formerly used as an analgesic. Merck Index, 93 (8th ed. 1968).

This invention provides to the agricultural chemical art new compounds of the general formula -24 3 S Ο 7 ο ΥΛΥ ·=ΖΞ· ·--Μ * R (I) wherein R is C^-C^ alkyl? R1 and R2 independently are hydrogen, chloro, fluoro, 2 bromo, methyl or trifluoromethyl, provided that R and R do not simultaneously represent hydrogen; and provided that R1 may not be bromo or chloro in the 4-position.

In the preferred compounds, R is chloro, fluoro, bromo, methyl or trifluoro methyl.

The compounds of formula (I) may be prepared by reacting a compound of the general formula (ID wherein R and R are defined as before, with an alkylating agent in the presence of a base, Suitable alkylating agents and bases are alkyl halides, such as an alkyl iodide in the presence of a strong inorganic base, or a dialkyl sulfate under strong basic conditions. The most convenient reaction temperature for the alkylation is the reflux temperature of the reaction mixture. Alkylations of this type are frequently preformed and are common in the chemical literature.

In formula (I), the term C^-C^ alkyl refers to methyl, ethyl, or propyl. -3?807 Formula (X) above is believed to describe the invention clearly. In order to assure that agricultural chemists understand the invention, however, the following exemplary compounds are presented. It will be understood that the compounds below do not limit the invention, but are merely typical of it. 4-(3-bromophenyl)-2-methyl-l-phenyl-3-pyrazolin5-one 1- (3-chlorophenyl)-2-ethyl-4-(3-fluorophenyl)3-pyrazolin-5-one 4-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-propyl3-pyrazolin-5-one 1,4-bis(3-bromophenyl)-2-methyl-3-pyrazolin'5-one 2- propyl-i,4-bis(m-tolyl)-3-pyrazolin-5-onc 4-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-l-(α,α,α-trifluorop—tolyl)-3-pyrazolin-5-one 2-ethyl-l-phenyl-4-(m-tolyl)-3-pyrazolin-5-one 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-4-(m-tolyl)-3-pyrazolin-5-one 1- (2-bromophenyl)-2-propyl-4-(α,α,α-trifluoro-mtolyl)-3-pyrazolin-5-one 4-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-l-(o-tolyl)-3pyrazolin-5-one 4-(3-bromophenyl)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-methyl3-pyrazolin-5-one 2- ethyl-l, 4-bis (a,a,a.-trif luoro-m-tolyl) -3pyrazolin-5-one 1-(3-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-4-(α,α,α-trifluorom-tolyl)-3-pyrazolin-5-one -44 3 8 0 7 2-ethyl-l-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-(3-fluorophenyl)3-pyrazolin-5-one 2-ethyl-l-(3-fluorophenyl)-4-(m-tolyl)-3-pyrazolin5-one 4-(3-bromophenyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-propyl-3pyrazolin-5-one 1-(2-bromophenyl)-4-(3-fluorophenyl)-2-propyl3-pyrazolin-5-one 1- (3-bromophenyl)-2-methyl-4-(m-tolyl)-3-pyrazolin5-one 2- methyl-4-(m-tolyl)-1-(α,α,α-trifluoro-o-tolyl)3-pyrazolin-5-one 4-(3-fluorophenyl)-2-methy1-1-. (a,a,a-trifluorom-tolyl)-3-pyrazolin-5-one The preferred compounds of formula (I) are those wherein R is C1~C2 alkyl; is hydrogen, chloro, or fluoro; and provided that R1 may not be chloro in the 4-position; R is trifluoromethyl.

The most preferred compounds are those which are identified as the following; 2-methyl-l-phenyl-4-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3-pyrazolin5-one, 2-ethyl-l-phenyl-4-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3pyrazolin-5-one, 2-ethyl-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(α,α,αtrifluoro-m-tolyl) -3-pyrazolin-5-one, 2-ethyl-l-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3-pyrazolin-5-one, 2- methyl-l-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)3- pyrazolin-5-one, 2-methyl-l-(2-chlorophenyl)-4-(α,α,αtrifluoro-m-tolyl) -3-pyrazolin-5-one, 1-(3-bromophenyl)-54 2 8 ethyl-4-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3-pyrazolin-5-one, 4-bis(3-chlorophenyl)-2-ethyl-3-pyrazolin-5-one, and 2:thyl-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3'razolin-5-one.

The starting materials for the compounds of jrmula (II) are made most advantageously by a 2-step process Lrst, a methyl or ethyl ester of phenylacetic acid, bearing ie R substituent on the phenyl ring, is reacted with ί(Aik)formamide di(Aik) acetal neat or in dimethylformamide 3 produce an intermediate substituted ester of atropic acid f the formula (III) below.

R\_. o / Χ-ο-ϋ,,,κ \ _ / II (III) * HC — N(Alk)„ he term Aik refers to methyl or ethyl. The reaction is arried out at temperatures from 80 to 140°C. in flask open to the atmosphere.

The intermediate III is then reacted with a phenylydrazine or a hydrohalide thereof, bearing the R^ subtituent, if any, on its phenyl ring, to form the desired tarting material of formula (II). When a phenylhydrazine n the free base form is used, the reaction is carried out n an aprotic solvent. The aromatic solvents such as enzene and toluene, the aliphatics such as hexane and ctane, and the halogenated solvents such as methylene hloride and chloroform are appropriate solvents. Xylenes re the preferred solvents. The most convenient reaction emperature is the reflux temperature of the reaction -643807 mixture, but other temperatures from room temperature to about 120°C. can be used if convenient in a given instance.

When a phenylhydrazine hydrohalide is used, the reaction can be carried out in an aprotic solvent as described above in the presence of a base. Tertiary organic amines such as triethylamine, pyridine, triethanolamine and inorganic bases such as potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, alkali metal hydroxides are satisfactory bases.

Alternatively, reactions using phenylhydrazine hydrohalides may be performed by first reacting the hydrazine with the intermediate (III) in an - alkanol at the reflux temperature of the mixture to exchange the di(Aik)amino group of (III) with the arylhydrazine moiety. The resulting intermediate may then be cyclized by heating in an aprotic solvent such as xylene at temperatures from 50° to 120°C. Alternatively, the resulting intermediate may be cyclized by heating in a lower alkanol at reflux temperature with inorganic bases such as potassium carbonate, alkali metal hydroxides, or alkali metal alkoxides.

All of the starting compounds used to prepare the compounds of formula (III) are commonly known in the chemical art and are readily obtainable.

A few typical preparative examples will be shown to assure that organic chemists can obtain any desired compound of formula (I). All of the products described below were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis and elemental microanalysis. -78 Ο 7 Example 1 A 10.9 g. portion of 3-trifluoromethylphenylacetic acid, methyl ester, was combined with 11.9 g. of dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal and the mixture was heated overnight on the steam bath. In the morning, the reaction mixture was taken up in methanol and poured over ice. The aqueous mixture was filtered, and the solids were recrystallized from aqueous ethanol to produce 4 g. of m-trifluoromethyl-β-(dimethylamino)atropic acid, methyl ester, m.p. 45-49°C.

The ester prepared above was combined with 1.6 g. of phenylhydrazine in 25 ml. of benzene and the mixture was refluxed overnight. About 25 ml. of p-xylene was added and the mixture was refluxed for 2 hours more. The reaction mixture was then cooled, and the resulting solids were separated by filtration and identified as 2.6 g. of 1-phenyl4-(a.,a,a-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3-pyrazolin-5-one.

A 1.5 g. portion of the pyrazolinone was dissolved in 50 ml. of methanol, and 0.7 g. of methyl iodide and 0.7 g. of potassium carbonate were added. The mixture was stirred at reflux temperature overnight. The mixture was then poured over ice, and the aqueous mixture was filtered Lo recover the product, which was reerystallized from ethyl acetate-hexane. The product was 0.85 g. of 2-methyl-l-phenyl 4-(a.,a,a-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3-pyrazolin-5-one, m.p. 153-155°C Theoretical Found C 64.15% 64.17% H 4.12 4.19 N 8.80 8.77 -8438 0? Example 2 A 9 g. portion of 3-fluorophenylacetic acid, methyl ester, was reacted with 6.5 g. of dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal in 15 ml. of dimethylformamide at 120°C. to produce 11.2 g. of the corresponding m-fluoroatropic acid, methyl ester. The ester was reacted with 5.4 g. of phenylhydrazine in 50 ml. of toluene at reflux temperature for 4 hours. An equal volume of m-xylene was then added, and the mixture was refluxed overnight. The mixture was then cooled and decanted, and the solids were triturated with benzene and filtered. The separated solids were slurried in hot benzene-ethyl acetate, and filtered again. The solids were then recrystallized from ethanol to produce 2.9 g. of 1phenyl-4-(3-fluorophenyl)-3-pyrazolin-5-one, m.p. 189°C.

A 2.4 g. portion of the above pyrazolinone was combined with 3.9 g. of methyl iodide and reacted as described in Example 1 above. The product, after recrystallization from benzene-hexane, was 1.5 g. of 2-methyl-l-phenyl-4-(3fluorophenyl)-3-pyrazolin-5-one, m.p. 134°C.

Theoretical Found C 71.63% 71.35% H 4.88 5.01 N 10.44 · 10.17 Example £ A 3 g. portion of the 2-unsubstituted pyrazolinone of Example 1 was reacted with 10 ml. of propyl iodide to produce 0.45 g. of l-phenyl-2-propyl-4-(α,α,α-trifluoro-mtolyl)-3-pyrazolin-5-one, an oily liquid. -9<·> Theoretical Found C 65.89% 65.64% H 4.95 5.09 N 8.09 7.97 Example 4 A 2.5 g. portion of the 2-unsubstituted pyrazolinone of Example 1 was reacted with 1.2 g. of ethyl iodide. The alkylated product was 1.2 g. of 2-ethyl-l-phenyl-4(a(a,a-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3-pyrazolin-5-one, m.p. 156-157°C.

Theoretical Found C 65.06% 65.25% H 4.55 4.65 N 8.43 8.40 Example 5_ A 17 g. portion of 3-chlorophenylacetic acid, methyl ester, was combined with 12 g. of dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal in 100 ml. of dimethylformamide and the mixture was heated in an open flask at the boiling temperature of the mixture for 6 hours. The hot reaction mixture was then poured over ice, and the aqueous mixture was Filtered. The solids were recrystallized From benzenehexane to produce 13 g. of the 3-chloroatropic acid, methyl ester, m.p. 84-86°C.

A 4.8 g. portion of the above intermediate was reacted with 2.2 g. of phenylhydrazine to produce 3.5 g. of 1- phenyl-4-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-pyrazolin-5-one, m.p. 197-199°C.

A 2 g. portion of the above intermediate was alkylated with 2.7 g. of methyl iodide to produce 1 g. of 2- methyl-l-phenyl-4-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-pyrazolin-5-one, m.p. 149-150°C. -1043807 Theoretical Pound c 67.49% 67.24% H 4.60 4.38 N 9.84 9.80 Example £ A 5.5 g. portion of the atropic ester of Example 1 was combined with 3.5 g. of 4-fluorophenylhydrazine hydrochloride and 2 g. of triethylamine in 50 ml. of benzene.

The mixture was stirred at reflux temperature for 5 hours, after which about half of the benzene was allowed to evaporate and an equivalent amount of m-xylene was added. The mixture was then stirred at reflux overnight, and the reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness under vacuum.

The residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water, and the organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated to dryness. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel with ethyl acetate as the eluant. The productcontaining fractions were combined and evaporated to dryness to produce about 3.5 g. of crude product, which was recrystal20 lized from methanol to produce 2.7 g. of purified l-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3-p'yrazolin-5-one, m.p. 171-173’C.

Two g. of the above intermediate was alkylated with 2.7 g. of methyl iodide to produce 1.6 g. of 2-methyl- 25 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4- (α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl) -3-pyrazolin- 5-one, m.p. 165°C. Theoretical Found C 60.72% 60.99% H 3.60 3.58 30 N 8.33 8.32 -11Example 7 A 3.5 g. portion of the atropic ester of Example 1 was reacted with 2.3 g. of 3-chlorophenylhydrazine hydrochloride in the presence of 1,3 g. of triethylamine in mxylene according to the scheme of Example 6. The product was 2 g. of 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)3-pyrazolin-5-one, m.p. 182-184°C.

A 1.65 g. portion of the above intermediate was alkylated with 2 g. of methyl iodide to produce 1 g. of 2- methyl-1-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)3- pyrazo.lin-5-one, m.p. 130-131°C.

Theoretical Found c 57.89% 58.13% H 3.43 3.59 N 7.94 8.04 Example £ A 2.2 g. portion of the atropic ester of Example 1 was reacted with 1,3 g, of m-tolylhydrazine hydrochloride in the presence of triethylamine to produce 1.7 g. of l-(mtolyl)-4-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3-pyrazolin-5-one, m.p. 158-159°C.

A 1.6 g. portion of the above intermediate was alkylated with 2 g. of methyl iodide to produce 1 g. of 2-methyl-l-(m-tolyl)-4-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3-pyrazolin1 5-one, m.p. 153-154°C.

Theoretical Found C 65.06% 65.19% H 4.55 4.32 N 8.43 8.33 -1243807 Example 9 A 3.5 g. portion of the atropic ester of Example 1 was reacted with 2.7 g. of α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolylhydrazine hydrochloride in the presence of triethylamine to produce 2.4 g. of 1,4-bis(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3-pyrazolin-5-one, m.p. 207-208°C., A 1.8 g. portion of the above pyrazolinone was reacted with 2 g. of methyl iodide to produce 1.25 g. of 2-methyl-l,4-bis(α,α,α-trifluoro-in-tolyl)-3-pyrazolin-5-one, f m p. 110-lll°C.

JO Theoretical Found C 56.26% 56.04% H 2.62 2.86 N 7.29 7.19 Example 10 A 2.7 g. portion of the atropic ester of Example 1 was reacted with 1.8 g. of 2-chlorophenylhydrazine hydrochloride in the presence of triethylamine to produce 1 g. of i (2-chlorophenyl)-4-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3-pyrazolin5-one, m.p. 236°C.

One g. of the above pyrazolinone was alkylated with 1 g. of methyl iodide to produce 0.45 g. of 2-methylf ;-chlorophenyl)-4-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3-pyrazolin- -one, m.p. 175°C. Theoretical Found C 57.87% 57.391 H 3.40 3.51 N 7.94 7.93 -1313 8 0 7 Example 11 A 2.6 g. portion of 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-(α,α,αtrifluoro-m-tolyl) -3-pyrazolin-5-one, prepared in Example 7, was alkylated with ethyl iodide to produce 0.25 g. of 2ethyl-1-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3pyrazolin-5-one, an oily liquid.

Theoretical Found C 58.95¾ 58.89¾ H 3.85 3.61 N 7.64 7.52 Example 12 A 15 g. portion of the atropic ester of Example 1 was allowed to react with 10 g. of 3-fluorophenylhydrazine hydrochloride in methanol at reflux temperature for about 2 lays. The solvent was evaporated and the residue partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer nas separated and concentrated in vacuo to leave a residue. Che residue was recrystallized from a mixture of ethyl acetate and hexane to yield product having a melting point nf about 172°C. and weighing 2.1 g. The product was identified as l-(3-fluorophonyl)-4-(a,a,a-trifluoro-m-tolyl)3-pyraz.o tin-5-one.

The 2.1 g. of pyrazolinone prepared above was alaced in 40 ml. of ethanol together with 15 ml. of ethyl iodide and 1 g. of potassium carbonate and the mixture -efluxed for about 8 hours. The reaction product mixture /as concentrated in vacuo and the residue partitioned aetween ethyl acetate and water. The ethyl acetate layer /as separated and dried, and concentrated in vacuo, and the residue chromatographed on a silica gel column using a -1443807 mixture of ethyl acetate and hexane in a ratio of 1:2. The product which was isolated had a melting point of about 140-141°C. and weighed 0.7 g. The product was identified as 2-ethyl-1-(3-fluorophenyl)-4-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3pyrazolin-5-one.

Theoretical Found C 61.71% 61.72% H 4.00 4.06 N 8.00 8.00 Example 13 A 4 g. portion of 1,4-bis(α,α,α-trifluoro-mtolyl) -3-pyrazolin-5-one (from Example 9) was heated with 20 ml. of ethyl iodide, 3 g. of potassium carbonate, and 40 ml. of ethanol at reflux temperature for about 4 hours. The reaction product mixture was concentrated in vacuo and extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, the drying agent filtered off and the filtrate concentrated in vacuo. On standing overnight the residue solidified and was reerystallized from a mixture of hexane and benzene. The solid was chromatographed on a silica gel column using a mixture of ethyl acetate and hexane in the ratio of 1:2. The product from the column was then reerystallized from a mixture of hexane and benzene to yield product having a melting point of about 110-lll°C., and identified as 2-ethyl-l,4-bis(a,a,a-trifluorom-tolyl)-3-pyrazolin-5-one.

Theoretical Found C 57.00% 56.63% H 3.50 3.49 N 7.00 6.85 -15438051 Example 14 A 13.7 g. portion of the atropic ester of Example 1 was allowed to react with 11.2 g. of 3-bromophenylhydrazine hydrochloride in 100 ml. of methanol at reflux temperature overnight. The solvent was evaporated, and the residue was refluxed In 100 ml. of m-xylene and 5 g. of triethylamine for about 16 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue chromatographed on a silica gel column using 1:1 ethyl acetate-hexane. There was obtained 7.5 g. of product, which was identified as 1-(3-bromophenyl)4-(a,a,a-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3-pyrazolin-5-one.

A 7.5 g. portion of the above pyrazolinone was combined with 4 g. of potassium carbonate and 15 ml. of ethyl iodide in 100 ml. of ethanol and heated in the same manner as previously described for other similar compounds. There was obtained 2.0 g. of product having a melting point of about 106°C., and identified as 1-(3-bromophenyl)-2ethyl-4-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3-pyrazolin-5-one.

Theoretical Found C 52.57% 52.80% H 3.43 3.49 N 6.81 6.98 Example 15 A 6 g. portion of 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(α,α,αtrifluoro-m-tolyl)-3-pyrazolin-5-one (prepared in Example 6) was mixed with 4 g. of potassium carbonate and 15 ml. Of ethyl iodide in 100 ml. of ethanol and refluxed overnight. There was isolated in the usual manner 1.8 g. of product having a melting point of about 92°C., and identified as -164380? 2-ethyl-l-{4—fluorophenyl)-4-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3pyrazolin-5-one.

Theoretical Found c 61.72% 61.87% H 4.03 4.20 N 8.00 8.06 Example 16 A 12 g. portion of the 3-chloroatropic acid, methyl ester (prepared in Example 5 above) was allowed to react with 10 g. of 3-chlorophenylhydrazine hydrochloride in 100 ml. of methanol at reflux temperature overnight. There was obtained 10 g. of product having a melting poiht of about 173-174°C., and identified as 1,4-bis(3-chlorophenyl)-3pyrazolin-5-one.

A mixture of 7 g. of the pyrazolinone prepared above, 4 g. of potassium carbonate, and 15 ml. of ethyl iodide in ethanol was refluxed overnight. There was isolated, after recrystallization from ether, 3.0 g. of product having a melting point of about 101°C., and identified as 1,4-bis(3-chlorophenyl)-2-ethyl~3-pyrazolin-5-one.

Theoretical Found C 61.28% 61.04% H 4.24 4.21 N 8.41 8.55 Example 17 A mixture of 12 g. of the 3-chloroatropic acid, methyl ester (prepared in Example 5 above), 13 g. of mtrifluoromethylphenylhydrazine hydrochloride and 100 ml. of methanol was refluxed overnight to yield 4.6 g. of product having a melting point of about 190-192°C., and identified -1743807 as 4-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-(α,a,a-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3pyrazolin-5-one.

A mixture of 4.6 g. of the pyrazolinone prepared above, 4 g. of potassium carbonate, 15 ml. of ethyl iodide and 50 ml. of ethanol was refluxed overnight. The reaction product mixture was worked up in the customary way to yield 1.8 g. of product having a melting point of about 113-114°C. and identified as 4-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-ethyl-l-(α,α,αtrif luoro-m-tolyl) -3-pyrazolin-5-one.

Theoretical Found C 58.95% 58.84% H 3.85 3.89 N 7.64 7.63 Example 18 A 120 g. portion of phenylacetic acid, methyl ester, was combined with 95 g. of dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal in 200 ml. of dimethylformamide, and heated to gentle reflux for about four days, while adding, at intervals, 5 g. portions of dimethylformamide until a total of 140 g. addi) tional had been added. At the end of the heating period, the reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature and was poured over crushed ice. The oily product which separated eventually crystallized. The crystalline product was washed with water, cooled in the refrigerator, filtered off and air dried. The crude product was recrystallized from cyclohexane to yield product having a melting point of about 58-60°C., which was identified as β-(dimethylamino)atropic acid, methyl ester. -184 3 8 0 7 Theoretical Found C 70.22% 70.47% H 7.37 7.36 N 6.82 6.85 A mixture of 10.5 g. of the atropic acid, methyl ester, 9.1 g. of 3-chlorophenylhydrazine hydrochloride, and 200 ml. of methanol was refluxed overnight. The reaction product mixture was worked up in the usual manner to yield 11 g. of crude 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-phenyl-3-pyrazolin10 5-one. A sample reerystallized from methanol had a melting point of about 211-212°C.

A mixture of 4 g. of the above prepared pyrazolinone, 20 ml. of ethyl iodide, 20 ml. of ethyl bromide, g. of potassium carbonate, and 40 ml. of ethanol was refluxed for about 4 hours. The reaction product mixture was worked up to yield 0.9 g. of an oil, which was identified as 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-ethyl-4-phenyl~3-pyrazolin5-one.

Theoretical Found C 68.34% 68.15% H 5.06 4.89 N 9.38 9.29 Example 19 A mixture of 8.2 g. of the atropic acid, methyl 25 ester, (prepared in Example 18), 8.5 g. of m-trifluoromethylphenylhydrazine hydrochloride, 100 ml. of benzene and 4 g. of triethylamine, was refluxed overnight and worked up to yield 6.5 g. of 4-phenyl-l-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)3-pyrazolin-5-one having a melting point of about 210-213°C. -194 3 8 Ο 7 A mixture of 2.2 g. of the pyrazolinone prepared above, 2 g. of potassium carbonate, 25 ml. of ethyl iodide and 25 ml. of ethanol was refluxed for about 3 hours. The reaction mixture was worked up in the usual manner to yield 5 an oil which was identified by NMR spectrum as 2-ethyl-4phenyl-1-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3-pyrazolin-5-one.

The compounds of formula (I) have been tested in a number of herbicidal test systems to determine the range of their herbicidal efficacy. The results produced by the J compounds in the representative tests reported below are exemplary of the activity of the compounds.

Compound application rates are expressed in kilograms of the compound per hectare of land (kg./ha.) throughout this document.

Blank spaces in the tables below indicate that the compound was not tested against the named species. In the tests below, plants were rated on a 1-5 scale, on which 1 indicates normal plants and 5 indicates dead plants or no emergence. The compounds are identified by their Example ι numbers.

Test 1. broad spectrum greenhouse test Square plastic pots were filled with a sandy sterilized greenhouse soil and were planted to seeds of > tomato, large crabgrass and pigweed. Each pot was individually fertilized.

Test compounds were applied postemergence to some pots and preemergence to others. Postemergence applications of the compounds were sprayed over the emerged plants about 12 days after the seeds were planted. Preemergence appli-204380? cations were sprayed on the soil the day after the seeds were planted.

Each test compound was dissolved in 1:1 acetone: ethanol at the rate of 2 g. per 100 ml. The solution also contained about 2 g. per 100 ml. of an anionic-nonionic surfactant blend. One ml. of the solution was diluted to 4 ml. with deionized water, and 1-1/2 ml. of the resulting solution was applied to each pot, resulting in an application rate of 16.8 kg./ha. of test compound.

After the compounds were applied, the pots were moved to the greenhouse, watered as necessary, and observed and rated about 10-13 days after application of the compounds. Untreated control plants were used as standards in every test.

The table below reports results of testing typical compounds of formula (I). -213 3 17 Table ϋ ω c oi (fl CP k k Q) tP ω CP 43 e k (fl φ (fl k +j h! G in 0 cu (fl (Λ (d Μ Q) CP CP43 k (fl (fl k h! G C 0) «—I · Ok 0,0 ao ez ε «j o « 224 3807 Test 2 multi-species greenhouse test The test was conducted in general like the test above. The seeds were planted in flat metal trays, rather 5 than in pots. The compounds were formulated according to the procedure above, except that about 6 g./ΙΟΟ ml. of the compound was dissolved in the surfactant-containing solvent, and the organic solution was diluted with appropriate amounts of water before application to the trays. The compounds JO were applied at various rates which are indicated in the table below and the results of testing against the species named below are as follows. Where more than one replicate was run, the results were averaged. -239 7 ptuuTZl rd c\i Λαοχβ, -fiuxujow h psaMuosuiyrj H jBSXgsAiSAl w cm cn in cn -«a4 cn in rd rd r-l CN rd CN CN CN cn -a* (Ό cn tf cn rd cn H r—I tf CN CN r-| cn m CN CN m 4B0 PTTMl CN cn in in tf CO *4* in CN m cn cn rd tf in tf cn cn tf tf in tf tf in CN tf tf tf cn tn in in XTB4XOj| ρθθΜ5τΗ| paBQsnw| CN CN CN CN sspjcSqBJD, θβαΡΊι tf in tf in cn in in in in in in sg.apnbsquiE'ij tf in CN tf -tf in in SSBJ3| pjeXujBa CN in m in tf cn in oq.Biuoi| r—1 rd rd cn m CN cn jsquinon3| r—1 rd CN CN cn CN CN θοχκ| r—I rd CN CN CN rd rd 4ΘΒ9Ι xeBng r-l CN CN tf tf CN tf B3xejTY| rd rd rd CN CN CN m }23ΙΤΜ| CN CO CN tf m CN tf uv3qAog| rd rd rd rd CN rd CN uoqqo3| rd rd . rd rd rd rd rd ujooI rd CN CN CN rd CN cn tf CN CN m tf in in m • ctf q x: M-ι Ch 0 ao es ε nJ 0 X u w · a) 24-.

BTUUTZ rd CM CM AjOtb! m cm -bUTUJOWi paaMUosiaxfj N M 5βθΤ4θΛχθΛ| M geo PTTmI r> oi f»J CM ι-d rd CM rf cm co r-4 *e mrncMrncnojr-icM’ti’in r-l *3* JTCqXOJ ro^rrcMm'M'ri’mmtnin pS9M5xd| '^^’^'^minrffninmin pjeqsnwi m M* CM rf <*> rf in SSBXbqBXO abxeq jaqjenbsquieq| * * ssbjoI m «· paeAuxeg Preemergence oqeuKul N m jsquinonol -t <» aajaj --1 N gasal m jB6ns| hjtpjtvI N geagwl cm 04 H m «-d rf rd rd N m rd CM P-1 CM «—1 pH uv©qAog| uoggoo| -ι -ι UJOol 04 Ol 04 r4 04 i—l 04 rf rr in CM rf rf CM n rf m rf n CM CM ro rd CM in CM CM tn rd r-l m Ρ-d CM rd r-d rd rd rr rf • tf G X3 Φ rd \ ΐ 0 S tP η M* O'- Γ-4 ° ™ & < 24 rdinOrdtnoocMincMO Ό C 0) rd .

CU 0 ftO 6 2 e tf ο κ u ω Preemergence GTUUTZ j rH rH CM CM CM rH CM CM cn CM Λαοχβ in -fiuxurow r—{ «Η rH CM CM CM cn CM CM CM cn p99MUOSUITp I m in I ·“ rH rH CM CM «Η CM r4 CM cn jeeqqeAqeA I m in J • 4B0 PTTM J ΓΊ Ϊ Ή rH CM •tf· 4 cn CM cn CM cn cn rH CM •tf* rH cn cn cn m χ-ceqxoj 1 in 1 ™ cn •M* in in m CM cn ««a· -tf· ΤΓ PssmBtj I CM CM M* in in in m in in pj^^snw 1 in 1 r— CM cn in in CM CM cn m *tf· sserfiqexo 1 in efixeq 1 cn •tf* in in in rH in in rsqjBnbsqurei 1 in in 1 ·“ CO in CM cn M in in j in in SSPJC9 • • pjeAujpg rH cn cn in in cn cn cn *tf* I in in oq-puioj, I CM cn CM cn m rH CM CM cn CM ^equinono f in 1 rH cn rH CM cn CM rH rH rH soya in rH I—J rH CM cn «Η rH *H rH rH qssa refin g rH cn cn in in cn cn ’tf· ’tf’BJXB3TC rH cn CM in in CM m m cn ’tf· qEaqw in in —1 rH CM cn CM CM CM CM cn ueeqXos in r—i rH iH m cn rH pH rH rH rH uoggoo in rH rH rH rH rH «Η rH «Η iH rH UJ-OQ in in •H rH CM cn m rH CM CM cn cn • flj β x CO 10 00 10 QJ H\ +> 1« Q, . CM ΙΛ rH CM m O CM in rH CM in 0 O ftO' Pi . < 42 o O rH CM Cf> O o CM *tf* τί d ω 3 rH . ΟΉ OjO CM m a o e a rH rH β - <0 0 X o w 438 0? etuuxz rd Ol Ol ro XP co rd Λζοχ& -buxujow rd Ol co χρ XT co rd PBSmuosuitf 04 Ol Ol co (Q rd jesigsATPA rd ro Ol co xP d rd 9H0 PITM XT Ol co co CO rd XTBqxoj co in xr xr in d* Xp pssMbTa co χρ d* in in tn CO pjeqsnw in co xr xr d· Ol ssBJfiqexo a&aeq xr xr in in d* xp jaq.jen&squie'l co xr CQ in in co SSBJ9 pxeZujBS Ol co xr xr d Oi oqpuioi Ol Ol co Ol co rd jaquinono rd rH co co co rd aofH CN rd Ol Ol 03 rd qsss avbns CO co xr xp d* Ol BJXBJXV OJ d4 Ol ro co rd qesijM Ol Ol OJ co co rd ueaqAos rd rH 01 Ol Ol rd uoqgoo rd rd rd Ol Ol rd uxoo Ol Ol OJ CO co CO Ol rH H Ol Ol rH Ol Ol CO rd CO CO CO in 04 CO CN m in in in in in in oi co d* x? in in in in ry m in oj co xr in Η oi m m in rH rH Ή rd m rd rd Ol Ol in xf ro co in oi oi cq (Q tn οι οι d* co in jd rd rd Ol r—i rd W rd in in oi oi m m • tf β Λ 4-) Uh 0* tf 0 Ο·· Cf 05 < 44 O- OO k© © rd Ol ΙΠ rd OOrdOl’tfCFlQClOO··1 Ό C 3 UH 0* 0 CU 0 G 2 G tf 0 X u w 0) 4380* BTUUTZ in I co CN cn r—1 I—1 CN CN CO CO rr Αιοχβ I m -βιιτικορί co co co Γί r~( r—ί ( CN -3* rf co p33MUOSUITf 1 in in 1 m rf r—1 l“l r—1 i—1 CN CO CO ίΒ3Τ4ΘΛΤΘΛ I tn in 1 m rf CN <-( CN CN CN rf rr rr j in in geo ρττω • • 1 co in ι—1 CN Γ—t CN CN co co XT^^XOJ 1 tn 1 m m . in m rf rf in in in in in pasMfixa 1 in 1 m in in r-1 CN CN co rf in m in pjpq.snw 1 in 1 *n in CN CN CN CO CO rf rr ssexfiqejo ! in in θβΧΒΊ 1 m in in CN rf rf in rf m in in xagxen&squieq 1 m 1 in in CN co CO rf CO rf rr SSB^O I in pxeAuxeg in m CN CN co rf rf rf rf oq-puioj, I in J rf -3* t—( CN CN CN co CO rf j in jsquinona I • 1 co r4 r4 r—1 r4 CN CN rf 1 in in aoxa • • 1 co m H CN «—( r—j r-! CN CO gaaa 1 aefins in rf CN CN CN CO rf m in ear? J IV 1 rf r—I CN CN co CO co co qesqM I rf Tf r4 CN CN CN co rf rf uesqAos fN -3* i—} H t—1 i—( CN CN co uoqqoo CN CN (“H ι—1 H r4 rM H CN UJEO3 tn tn rf rf rr r—1 CN r-4 CN CN co rf rf • rt ββ Γ- rf CO 10 Φ H\ CN m O o i-l CN tn Γ—1 CN tn o 4J M-i Ch · • rt o a σ CN rf cn o © O © H CN rf σ> os < a Ό C Φ ι-Ι · Ο Qj Ο α Ο £ 2 ε 0 ο χ υ W -2843807 ETUUTZ 1 rd rd ci Cl rd rd Cl CO Tp Χ,ιογβ 1 in -Bu-curtow 1 *”* CJ Cl co rd CJ Cl CJ Tp I in psaMUosuiff • 1 *~“i CM CJ rd rd rd rd CJ jesidsAfSA | 1 Cl CM CO TP rd CJ Cl CO TP 4εο ρϊτμ l CJ CM ro rd rd Cl co co Xxeqxod I 1 n tP tp τρ TP CO in in in ρθθΛβΤό 1 in 1 CO Tp τρ in CM CM CO co in pjEqsnw 1 1 CM ro ro rd rd co tp in SSEjfiqEJO I m sbaEq 1 M* τρ in Tp Tp TP tp in in jsqiEnbsquiEq 1 1 co co Tp ro TP Tp m in sseao I pjEXuXBa I tp tp CJ CO TP TP in oqeuiox ) 1 rd rd CJ Cl CO CJ co in jsquinono l rd CM Cl rd rd Cl rd co in ao-pa [ i—1 rd rd rd rd rd rd co 4ΘΘΗ xsfins CJ Tp CJ ro TP TP in in BJteHV r—1 CJ CJ rd Cl co τρ m in 4ΒΘΜΜ • CJ CJ co CJ Cl ci CO tP UESqXos rd rd rd rd rd ci rd CO uoqq-oa in rd r~A rd rd rd l-d rd CM ujoo CM CJ CO CO Cl CJ co Tp Tp • rt C XJ CO kO Φ H\ i—1 CM m © Cl in rd CJ in +; ή & · « o O< tr Ή CM tP σ» © o rd CJ Tp a τ> ci rd . ο *w α ο α« ο S ζ Ε <υ Ο X υ w 2943807 exuurz I I Αχοχβ I -fiuxuaow (—<·—< n ·» peeMuosuiyp I —I CM CM jBStqaATSA geo ptiM ITBgxo^ pee«6xd pxBgsnw sse.xfiqe.io efixeg cm n cm cm co tn ro in co «tf Ό* in ro co cn tn tn tn in ro tn .μ4 Preemergence rrsqjBnbsqureq ssaag PjeAujbs O4HUIO1 ^equinono soth 4Θ39 zrebng *?τ*?τϊ 4ΗΘΙΪΜ ussqAog UOqqOQ UlOQ in in cn ro 'tf CN CN CO r-i r~l H H CN CN co cn in cn cn in cn CN ro CO CN co co • (0 CXI Φ r-t\ -U 44 ft (fl o Ch tP pi <44 CN CN in *tf o CP Ό C QJ 3 H · O 44 04 0 ft 0 g 23 ε fl σ κ υ w -3043807 rOCNr-lr-trOCNfNCNCNCNCNCNCNCN i CP c •H >1 β k k O 0 £ Cnl fO(Nr4»-JfOCNCNCNCNCN CNfOrkrHiOCNrHCNfNfNiN fOCNCN Postemergence CN Π CNr-JCOCNi-iCOCNOfOmCNiN CNfOCNCN’tfrOrOCNCNCNCNfOiNCN Vi (fl fl k Φ CP Cn43 k fl fl k hI G f*7*tf C k Gl CN CN CN CN fO CO CN CN CN * fl c x; Φ «-Ι \ +J 4-( ft · fl O ft cn tf <44 OOOOOOOOOOOOOO cncnchcp O 44 ft Q ft ο ε z S fl X ο ω OOfPr-ifO'tfintOr'CO r4 rk r-ί rk r4 r—I r~i -3143807 Test 2 resistant weed tests Typical compounds were evaluated in a test system which determined their ability to reduce the vigor of weeds which are resistant to many herbicides. The compounds were formulated and dispersed, and the dispersions were applied, as described in Test 1 above. The application rate was 9.0 kg./ha. in all of the tests reported here. -3243807 Preemergence Postemergence Compound of Yellow Yellow Example No. Nutsedge Nightshade Sicklepod Ragweed Nutsedge CM rf rr CM rd rr CM CM rd CM rr -333 8 07 The broad spectrum activity of the compounds of 'ormula (I) is illustrated by the above Examples. The test esults point up the efficacy of the compounds against innual grasses, the relatively easily-controlled broadleaves luch as pigweed, and the more resistant broadleaves such as lightshades. Plant scientists will recognize that the ixemplified activity of the compounds shows that they are iroadly effective against unwanted herbaceous plants, which rill be referred to as weeds, for the sake of brevity.

As the above test results demonstrate, the comiounds are used to reduce the vigor of weeds by contacting :hem with an herbicidally-effective amount of one of the compounds. The term reduce the vigor of is used to refer :o both killing and injuring the weed which is contacted rith a compound. In some instances, as is clear from the ;est results, the whole population of the contacted weed is ;illed. In other instances, part of the weeds are killed nd part of them are injured, and in still other instances, lone of the weeds are killed but are merely injured by ipplication of the compound. It will be understood that •educing the vigor of the weed population by injuring part if them is beneficial, even though part of.the population survives application of the compound. The weeds, the vigor if which has been reduced, are unusually susceptible to the itresses which normally afflict plants, such as disease, Irought, lack of nutrients and so forth.

Thus, the treated weeds are likely to expire due :o stress of the environment, even though they survive ipplication of the compound. Further, if the treated weeds ire growing in cropland, the crop, as it grows normally, -3443807 tends to shade out the treated weeds of reduced vigor. Therefore, the crop has a great advantage over the treated weeds in the competition for nutrients and sunlight. Still further, when the treated weeds are growing in fallow land, or industrial property which is desired to be bare, the reduction in their vigor necessarily tends to minimize the treated weeds’ consumption of water and nutrients, and also minimizes the fire hazard and nuisance which the weeds present.

The compounds are herbicidally effective when applied both preemergence and postemergence. Thus, they can be used both by direct contact of the compounds with emerged weeds, and by applying the compounds to the soil, where they come into contact with germinating and emerging weeds. Preemergence application of the compounds, wherein the germinating and emerging weeds are contacted with the compound through soil application, is preferred.

Accordingly, an important embodiment of this invention is a method of reducing the vigor of weeds which comprises contacting the weeds with an herbicidally-effective amount of a compound of formula (I). The term herbicidallyeffective amount refers to an amount which will reduce the vigor of the treated weed. In the context of this invention, weed seeds, which are contacted with the compounds by application of the compounds to the soil, are regarded as weeds.

Amounts of herbicides are measured in terms of the weight of herbicide applied per unit area, usually called the application rate. The best application rate of a given compound of formula (I) for the control of a given weed varies, of course, depending upon the climate, soil texture. -354 3 8 0 7 water and organic matter contents of the soil and other factors known to those skilled in plant science. It will be found, however, that the optimum application rate is usually in the range from 0.5 to 20 kg,/ha.

It is not implied, of course, that all compounds of formula (I) are effective against all weeds at all rates. Some compounds are more effective against some types of weeds, other compounds are more effective against other types. All of the compounds, however, are effective against at least some weeds. It is within the ordinary skill of a plant scientist to ascertain the weeds which are most advantageously controlled with the various compounds, and the best application rate for the particular use.

The compounds are applied to the soil or to emerged weeds in the manners usual in agriculture. It is best to apply the compounds in the form of the herbicidal compositions which are important embodiments of the present invention.

They may be applied to the soil in the form of either waterdispersed or granular compositions, the preparation of which will be discussed below. Usually, water-dispersed compositions will be used for the application of the compounds to emerged weeds. The compositions are applied with any of the many types of sprayers and granular applicators which are in wide use for the distribution of agricultural chemicals over soil or standing vegetation. In general, the compositions are formulated in the manners usual in agricultural chemistry.

Very often, the compounds are formulated as concentrated compositions which are applied either to the soil or the foliage in the form of water dispersions or emulsions -3643807 containing in the range of from 0.1 wt. percent to 5 percent of the compound. Water-dispersible or emulsifiable compositions are either solids usually known as wettable powders, or liquids usually known as emulsifiable concentrates. Wettable powders comprise an intimate, finelydivided mixture of the compound, an inert carrier, and surfactants. The concentration of the compound is usually from io wt. percent to 90 percent. The inert carrier is usually chosen from among the attapulgite clays, the montmorillonite clays, the kaolin clays, the diatomaceous earths and the purified silicates. Effective surfactants, comprising from 0.5 wt. percent to 10 percent of the wettable powder, arefound among the sulfonated lignins, the condensed naphthalenesulfonates, the naphthalenesulfonates, the alkylbenzenesulfonates, the alkyl sulfates and nonionic surfactants such as ethylene oxide adducts of phenol.

Typical emulsifiable concentrates of the new compounds comprise a convenient concentration of the compound, such as from 100 to 500 g. per liter of liquid, dissolved in an inert carrier which is a mixture of water-immiscible solvent and emulsifiers. Useful organic solvents include the aromatics, especially the xylenes, and the petroleum fractions, especially the high-boiling naphthalenic and olefinic portions of petroleum. Many other organic solvents may also be used such as the terpenic solvents, and the complex alcohols such as 2-ethoxyethanol.

Suitable emulsifiers for emulsifiable concentrates are chosen from the same types of surfactants used for wettable powders. 3743807 When a compound is to be applied to the soil, as for a preemergence application of the compound, it is convenient to use a granular formulation. Such a formulation typically comprises the compound dispersed on a granular inert carrier such as coarsely ground clay. The particle size of granules usually ranges from 0.1 to 3 nun. The usual formulation process for granules comprises dissolving the compound in an inexpensive solvent and applying the solution to the carrier in an appropriate solids mixer. Somewhat less economically, the compound may be dispersed in a dough composed of damp clay or other inert carrier, which is then dried and coarsely ground to produce the desired granular product.

It has become customary in agricultural chemistry to apply two or even more agricultural chemicals simultaneously in order to control weeds of many different types, or weeds and other pests, with a single application of chemicals.

The compounds of formula (I) lend themselves well to combination with other agricultural chemicals and may usefully be combined with insecticides, fungicides, nematicides and other herbicides as may be desirable.

Claims (21)

1. CLAIMS:1. A compound of the general formula wherein R is alkyl? 1 2 R and R independently are hydrogen, chloro, fluoro, bromo, methyl or trifluoromethyl, provided 1 2 that R and R do not simultaneously represent hydrogen: and provided that R^ may not be bromo or chloro in the 4-position.

2. A compound according to Claim 1 therein R^ is chloro, fluoro, brcmo methyl or trifluoranethyl.

3. A compound of Claim 1 or 2 wherein R^ is hydrogen, chloro, or fluoro; and provided that R 1 may not be chloro in the 4-position; and R is trifluoromethyl

4. 2-M=thyl-l-phenyl-4-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)3-pyrazolin-5-one

5. 2-Ethyl-l-phenyl-4-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)3-pyrazolin-5-one

6. 2-Methyl-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(α,α,α-trifluorom-tolyl) -3-pyrazolin-5-one

7. 2-Methyl-l-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-(α,α,α-trifluorom-tolyl) -3-pyrazolin-5-one -3943807

8. 2-Methyl-l-(Z-chlorophenyl)-4-(α,α,α-trifluorom-tolyl) -3-pyrazolin-5-one

9. , 2-Ethyl-l-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-(α,α,α-trifluorom-tolyl) -3-pyrazolin-5-one

10. 1-(3-Bromo£>henyl)-2-ethyl-4-(α,α,α-trifluorom-tolyl) -3-pyrazolin-5-one

11. 2-Ethyl-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(α,α,α-trifluorom-tolyl)-3-pyrazolin-5-one

12. 1,4- Bis(3-chlorophenyl)-2-ethyl-3-pyrazolin) 5-one.

13. a process for preparing a compound of the general formula /- fi A, \___/ (I) wherein R, R 1, and R are defined as in Claim 1 or 2, which comprises reacting a compound of the general formula /VZ (II) -NH 1 2 wherein R x and R are defined as in Claim I or 2, with an alkylating agent in the presence of a base.

14. A method of reducing the vigor of weeds which 0 comprises contacting the weeds with an herbicidallyeffective amount of a compound according to any one of Claims 1 to 12. -404 3 8 0 7

15. A method of Claim 14 wherein the amount of the compound is from 0.5 to 20 kg./ha.

16. A herbicidal composition which comprises an inert carrier and a compound of the general formula Γ\ A-‘ z \d Li v/ (I) 1 2 wherein R, R and R are defined as in Claim 1 or 2.

17. A compound as defined in Claim 1 substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any one of Examples 1 to 19. 10

18. A process as defined in Claim 13 substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any one of the Examples 1 to 19.

19. A compound of Formula (I) as defined in Claim 1 whenever prepared by a process according to Claim 13 or 15 18.

20. A method according to Claim 14 substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any one of Tests 1 to 3.

21. The composition as defined in Claim 16 sub20 stantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any one of Tests 1 to 3.