HU227468B1 - Flying wind power station - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a wind power plant, which is an un-tethered autonomous flying device. This device, according to need, temporarily stores the energy harnessed from the wind, and later on forwards it to a receiver ground-station for further arbitrary usage. Like sailing birds, the invention applies the wind-gradients and updrafts for energy-production by means of dynamic soaring, - instead of static wind. The energy is temporarily stored in the form of liquid air. The liquid-air containers are made of flexible, double-walled plastic foil, and can be forwarded to the ground station by means of remote controlled or GPS-Guided Parafoils. The containers are discharged and folded on the ground, preparing them for the next use. A large number of such devices can be stored on a flying unit. This way a lot of energy can be produced by every takeoff, since the flying unit does not need to take the energy-storing medium (air) with itself, and the payload is only slightly limited. The invention gets around the limitations of conventional windpower plants, as well as that of the high altitude types of devices, and allows as of yet unattainable possibilities in windpower utilisation.

Description

Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a land independent, autonomous flying wind turbine and associated land receiving station, and to a method for operating such wind turbine which, while floating or moving in the air, converts the mechanical energy of the wind around it to other mechanical, electrical, chemical, etc. energy is stored and temporarily stored and then transmitted to the earth's receiving station and, on the other hand, covered by the wind energy to cover the energy requirements of its own motion / floatation. The invention is applicable to the utilization of wind energy.

The state of the art

Renewable energy sources are gaining prominence as fossil fuel supplies decline and in the foreseeable future. Wind farms are being built around the world to harness wind power. Most of these are a rotating blade device on a high mast (wind tower): wind wheel (wind turbine, impeller, rotor, propeller. These words are used interchangeably in the absence of uniform terminology), which drives an electric generator. This ensemble is called a wind generator. The performance of the equipment is very different. From a few hundred watts of family power plants (eg DE 10 2004 012 803 A1 öffenlegungsschrift} from a number of units to a wind farm, each with a wide range of hundreds of kilowatts of industrial equipment (John Glile, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York (1995) However, each has at least one major drawback, which is that it only generates electricity when the wind blows - mentioning this triviality may seem frivolous, but not so much a joke that it limits the ability to install new wind farms in many countries (Demand Response Fór Power System Reliability; FAQ, Prepared for the Office of Ethical Delivery and Energy Reliability Transmission Reliability Program, Principal by Brendan Kirby, December 2006. Prepared by OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37S31- B070 for US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY onder contrací DEAC05OOOR22725) This is u it is suspected that demand for energy also occurs in quiet times. These needs can only be met by conventional reserve power plants that exist in parallel and have almost the same power output as the power plant. It's beyond that

I **** ««:

it requires additional investment and investment costs, and also has the problem that a reserve power plant, like a light bulb, cannot be turned on in a single motion when the wind stops. Heating a reserve power plant requires significant time and energy. The situation is no better even if the reserve power plant is run up and ready to jump. In both cases there is a significant additional energy demand, which increases the cost and pollution of so-called cheap and clean wind energy. Therefore, the allowable share of wind power in a country's electricity production is described in the so-called "electricity grid". limited by system inflexibility. A satisfying solution to this problem would be high-efficiency, large-scale, low-cost energy storage. In the state of the art, maintaining a pump-reservoir hydroelectric system in parallel can be a technically correct solution. However, if we add the cost of this to the investment cost of a wind turbine, "cheap" wind energy is all but inexpensive. Not to mention that this requires favorable geological-topographic conditions.

There are several ways to solve this problem. One of these promising traits is the idea of utilizing high atmospheric winds. As is known, the Sun is most warmed up by the sun at the equator, and least at the corners. The resulting temperature difference creates the Earth's main wind system. As the sun is constantly shining, these winds are constantly blowing. Of course, the speed, direction, and stability of the wind depend on the geographical location of the area in question. For details, refer to the literature (e.g., Andre Berger; Monsoon and Generic Arculation System. Chinesese Science Bulletin Science, China Press, co-pub. With Springer-Verlag GmbH 1ÖG16538 (Príni} 1861-9541 (Online) V'olume 54, Number 7 / AphI, 2059), but generally speaking, apart from some known, and more or less well-defined, windless zones, winds are steady at thousands of meters in most of the Earth and stronger than the surface,

It is not easy to get the energy of these winds due to the high altitude. It is not possible to build supporting structures similar to the trusses close to the surface but thousands of meters high. The current tallest building, Burj Dubai, is 828 meters high (HSA Today, danuary 2, 2010, Retrieved 4 Januan / 2010)

Therefore, many patents use ground structures that are anchored to the ground, which use the buoyancy of the wind to float in the air and transmit the generated electricity to the earth's receiving station via a photo-electric cable attached to your chest. Various versions of the idea are known, such as conventional kite-like structures (BP 489,139 US 4,572,962), anchored sailplanes (US 4,859,940, JP 11124095, JP 2024295, EP 391 801 A2), lighter-than-air structures (CN 1800838), glider NL1015Ö28C) and helicopters and wind turbines anchored to the ground. (US 7,109,598 82, US2003 / 008815 A1) There is also known a solution for transmitting wind energy to a power generator located at a terrestrial receiving station using a mechanical transmission cable. (A. Solonkin; Utilization of High Energy at Energy. Presented In International Energy Conversion Engineer Conference at Providence, RI, August 16-19, 2004, AIAA-20045705. USA.)

The prevailing winds in the higher ice sheets are much more stable and strong than the surface and, despite encouraging attempts, these structures have not spread. The reason for this is probably due to the anchor cable itself, because

1. Thousands of meters of cable are difficult to signal to airplanes and can get caught in disaster. Therefore, such wind farms can only be set up in areas that are excluded from air traffic. (B.W. Roberts, K. Cafdelra and Coworkers: Harnessing High Aititude Wind Power in: IEEE Transaotions on Energy Conversion Vol 22 No 1, Maroh 2007.)

2. Because they are mostly not unique equipment, but so-called. wind farms, it is common for several plants to operate near each other. Without proper control of the flying structures at the ends of the cables, the cables may become tangled. This makes it difficult to operate such wind farms. It is no coincidence that one of the main directions of the developments is the stabilization of the position of structures suspended in air. (US 7,183,863 82)

3. The tensile strength of the anchor cable is crucial to the performance that can be obtained. The weight of the main kilometer cable accounts for a significant part of the total weight of the equipment. A cable that is too strong increases the weight of the structure unnecessarily and the weak one can break. A cable break can result in loss of valuable equipment and can cause accidents. Therefore, it is important to reduce the fluid resistance of the device and thereby the frictional force exerted on the support cable, independent of power generation (WO 2007/085807 A1).

> ΦΦ χ «χ Φ ♦ * ♦ *« * ΦΦ

The question arises as to the complexity of the anchorage and its function, which justifies its use. Well, there are three main reasons for anchoring a flying wind turbine;

1. The anchor rope shall ensure that the equipment is in position and, if necessary, retracted.

2. Wind resistance allows energy production. This is ensured by the rope of wind, preventing the flying structure from being caught by the wind. Wind-driven equipment ul. it takes the wind speed, and if there is no speed difference between the wind wheel (wind turbine) and the surrounding air, even though there is air moving in the coordinate system fixed to the Earth, there is wind for the power plant moving with the wind. ambient air velocity is zero. Say; there is nothing to move the wind turbine.

3. Power generated. and transferring the recovered mechanical energy to the earth station.

The reasons listed are all realistic and appear professionally sound. It is no coincidence that none of the known solutions are able to get rid of them. Let us therefore examine these reasons in turn.

t. The first important purpose of anchoring a flying wind turbine is to keep the equipment in position. However, this can be ensured without a stone. A helicopter can float on the spot. Although an aircraft cannot float, it can fly at constant altitude or circulate around a designated point. This of course consumes energy, but it is not the case for anchored flying wind generators, whose positioning is not solely based on the anchor rope, but is controlled, for example, by the GFS system for positioning and positioning in the air, e.g. US 7,183,863 82

The essence of the question is therefore not whether it is possible to hold the equipment in the air at one place or at the desired height without anchoring, because the answer is definite yes. The question is, if the anchor rope is omitted, will the energy required to keep the equipment in the correct position consume or exceed the amount of energy that can be obtained from the wind? None of the previous flying wind turbines provide an energy-efficient solution to the problem, so they remain anchored to the equipment, despite the inherent difficulties and difficulties involved. It is already pointed out here that, fundamentally, and erroneously, plow is that, at energetically exploitable, "wind speed is by definition always understood to be the velocity component parallel to the surface of the windwheel" (see: KH Müller / J. Gifoer reale Zukunft dér Energieversorgung. Shaker Media Aachen, 2007,

Page 37), and the considerations apply. These considerations are professionally consistent and, of course, correct - yet, as we shall show later, they are led astray because of the wrong starting point. There is another way.

2. As we have already discussed briefly above, it is undoubtedly true that resistance to traction makes it possible to produce energy. The wind wheel spins and draws energy from the wind because it partially absorbs the motion energy of the air passing through it, i.e., the motion energy of the air passing through the wind wheel, thereby reducing its speed. The difference in wind speed between the two sides of the wind wheel and this manifests itself in the wind wheel axial, that is identical to the edge movement effect line power applications (see GP Corten Heat generalia by the Windterbine 14 ^iH IEA symposion December 4 ~ 5, 2000, NREL, CO, USA). to in order to prevent the axial displacement of the windwheel and thereby allow energy to be generated, a force of the same magnitude but in the opposite direction as the axial thrust must be applied to the windwheel. In the case of an anchor mounted on the ground, the scaffolding and, in the case of a flying wind turbine, the anchor rope resist the force of the wind, which allows energy to be drawn from the wind. Essentially, any other known construction of a wind turbine will have similar theoretical / physical bases.

Well, this is obvious to one skilled in the art, and will be understood by most lay people, yet patents exist which contradict this physical triviality and, as such, contravene the principle of inertia of the first kind of perpetuum mobile (e.g.

It is emphasized that this is not the case with the present invention. Here we just indicate, and we will show below, that the wind power required to produce power is not the only and only way to anchor the equipment to the ground by means of a rack or anchor cable,

3. There is no doubt that the transfer of the produced energy to a terrestrial receiving station is a key issue. In the case of a flying wind turbine, the obvious way to do this is to use an electric or mechanical mechanical transmission cable that connects the power plant to the ground receiving station. In addition, the power storage devices (batteries, electrolysers, flywheels, supercapacitors, etc.) that can replace the cable are of considerable weight, which is undesirable for a flying wind turbine.

We will see that, on the one hand, this perception, though very obvious, is misleading, and on the other hand, beyond the use of a mechanical or electrical cable, it is possible to transfer the generated energy to a terrestrial receiving station.

So far, known solutions for wind turbines and their physical foundations, including flying wind turbines, have been discussed - from the perspective of wind turbine experts

However, there is another aspect of the topic that starts from the flight side and deals with the energy efficient airborne operation of autonomous flying structures. This slightly shades and reveals the problems exposed. Therefore, before we get into that, it is important to define what is meant by a wind turbine. It has at least two and at most three criteria:

«Energy extraction from the wind ® transferring the energy extracted to a receiving station or to the terrestrial energy system for other purposes« if the previous two processes are not exactly synchronized then the temporary storage of energy

It has long been known that gliders can stay in the air for a very long time under favorable wind conditions, and take off currents: hurricanes. orographic surges and standing waves, so-called. Rossby-Black waves, (see, for example, R.E. Dickinson:

She "*"*

Planetary Rossby Waves Propagating Vertioaily Through Weekly Westeriy Wiind Wave Guides J. of the Atmospheric Sciences, November 1968, Vol. 25, pp. 9S4-1006.) To reach high heights. These techniques are widely known among gliders, parachutists, in particular glider and motor glider, and hang gliders. £ Sports and military and technical application practitioners will be thoroughly trained in this theory and practice anywhere in the world. All of this belongs to the knowledge of a specialist. However, this knowledge has so far not been used to power a flying wind turbine

More recently, NASA researchers have developed sensing systems and software and deployed them on a glider model that can remotely detect take-off air currents, automatically approach one after another, and use their energy to increase flight altitude. (MJ Allen. Updraft Model for Development of Autonomous soar Uninhabited Air Vehicles in 44 ^iH AIAA Áerispace Sci Meeting and Exhibit 9-12 danuary 2008, Reno, Nevada AIAA 2608-1510} Such an aircraft structure may be covered many times their own energy of flight duration can be achieved by the passive utilization of wind energy, which is understood to mean that the sailplane only uses wind energy to increase its kinetic and positional energy, but does not store it in a battery other than chemical energy (MJ, Allen: Aotonomous Soaring). for Improvement Endurance of a Small Uninhabited Air Vehicle in ^Río , Nevada A logical continuation of AIAA 2005E experiments is the next step when a feasibility study investigated that wind energy stored in a battery or other means during the flight; e Are fly-by-sea conditions temporarily unfavorable for sailing? With this the so-called. “With regenerative sailing *, the aim is to take the aircraft with a charged battery and land in the same way, ie, to fly without fuel at all. However, the energy produced and stored in the aircraft is not transferred from the aircraft to a terrestrial reception station for other purposes, but only to cover the energy requirements of its own flight. (JP Barnes: Flight Without Fuel ~ Regenerative Soaring Feasibile Study SAE 2006-01-2422} Such a device is therefore not a wind power.

! »♦» «« XX

Another direction of research begins with analyzing the flight of gliding birds. Impressive as pi. albatrosses are able to fly in almost any wind, in any direction, without much movement of their wings, and for this they largely rely on the energy of the wind. Interestingly, they do not need ascending air currents, they just take the classic sense of a wind, or two masses of air at different speeds, which are powered cyclically across the border. Specifically, the wind speed decreases monotonically due to friction when approaching the surface of the earth, resulting in a fluctuation of the wind velocity approaching the surface of the earth. a steady wind speed gradient develops and is exploited by gliding birds. This so-called dynamic soarfng, a technique known as dynamic soarfng for birds, is now widely used by sailplanes, so we refer to the literature for details: Heuristic control of dynamic soarfng, JM Control Conference, 2004. 5th Asian Vcíume 2, Issue 2 , 20-23 July 2004 Page (s): 714 - 722 Vol.2

Dynamic sailing provides a permanent opportunity for the so-called. Running Flows or Jet Streams' which are high speed horizontal flow zones focused on a bottleneck. (Rais-Rohanl, Mascud: The Feasibility Study of Dynamic Soaring in the Det Stream. Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA 1985,) Length of thousands, several hundred kilometers in width, several hundred in thickness meters and are typically at an altitude of 10,000 meters. In these "rivers" the wind is constantly blowing. They have wind speeds of up to 50-80 m / s and energy densities of 20-100 .kW / m ² , while wind speeds in their immediate environment are significantly lower. This fact makes running flows explicitly suitable for energy applications. Depending on the location of the running streams, it is also possible to deploy a land receiving station at sea, one or more vessels, or alternating vessels. In this case, the land receiving station is essentially a liquid air tanker, which, when full, transports its cargo to a port. The tanks that produce the produced liquid air can, for example, simply land on a parachute and can easily be picked up by a motor boat. However, it is not yet known what flying wind power is taking advantage of running currents.

»'* *« * * · ♦' * · * · »* * * φ φ« ♦ χ X Λ »« «* χ ♦» * «* χ .Φ * Χ * Φ ΦΦ Φ» «Φφφ

Dynamic sailing provides a much more general way of recovering kinetic energy from moving air masses than discussed above and has ever arisen in the field of energy application. With very simple physical calculations, it can be shown that even the worst-case scenario, the descending air stream, can be exploited for ascent. As to the physical basis of this, we refer to the literature; http: //www.icarusengineehng,com/Calcs-omSoaring~Sink.htm

For a flying wind farm, the critical issue is the temporary storage of energy from the wind. Patent No. ÜS51Ö6Ö35A describes the liquid abdomen of inlet air and its storage in an airplane. However, it does not cover the energy demand of drip irrigation by utilizing the energy of motion of the ambient air but by oxidizing the fuel carried.

We have discussed above two basic powerhouse concepts. Interestingly, however, the aeronautical line and the power plant line do not meet very closely, meaning that they do not apply glider results to a flying aerial power plant, but are retained when the equipment is anchored to the Earth. At the same time, airmen also aim to cover the energy needs of aviation with wind power, not to use the wind energy they produce for other purposes, and not to transfer them to a terrestrial receiving station. The approach to the problem from these two directions and the synthesis of the solutions cannot be considered as a series of routine measures.

In summary, so far no power plant based on the use of take-off air currents and wind speed gradients for energy purposes has existed. There is no known air power plant which is an autonomous aeronautical aeronautical structure that temporarily stores the energy recovered from the wind and then transmits it to for any further use.

The task to be solved by the invention

It is an object of the present invention to provide a solution for obtaining wind energy that enables wind energy, particularly high-altitude wind energy, to be extracted, temporarily stored, and transmitted to a terrestrial receiving station by an autonomous (ie, not fixed to earth) autonomous flying structure, * - * · * 9

ΧΦΦ * · * · »« 9

The task is quite complex, and therefore it is possible to solve it by several independent but related and partly mutual recognition.

The first discovery underlying the invention is. that, when wind energy is recovered, the counter-energy required to produce the energy, which is to be exerted against the pressure of the wind, may be provided, depending on the main charge, by the weight or inert mass of an autonomous flying structure.

In the first case, the energy of ascending air currents can be obtained, and for this purpose the unit's own weight exerts the necessary counter-force against the wind. (Newton's Law IV)

In the second case, we apply the principle of dynamic sailing, in which the inert mass of the equipment expresses the counter-energy required to produce energy (Newton H.'s law)

These are the two cases when anchoring or anchoring the wind turbine to the ground becomes obsolete. These solutions do not require further explanation by a person skilled in the art. Their application to aviation professionals is not a novelty. The realization is that this technique is suitable for wind power and can be adapted in a well-designed technological environment.

From this basic realization, there is the further realization that the pursuit of flying as light as possible is a mistake. The higher the ui the power you want to obtain and the greater the force exerted by the wind on the wind turbine, the heavier or more bulky the flying wind turbine must be, in order to exert the necessary wind force and thus more accurately ; to intensify the recovery of wind energy. High performance therefore requires heavy equipment! It follows that, within certain reasonable design limits, there is no obstacle to the placement of retrieved wind energy devices, such as batteries, electrolyzers, flywheel® energy storage devices, supercapacitors, and the like on the flying wind turbine. With their up / down wind power as the autonomous flying main object, it tests the earth's receiving station, empties or replaces the energy storage, then takes off and continues to work. Like an ordinary aircraft, you can do this several times a day. In the absence of this recognition, previous flying devices were only aimed at improving the energy balance of their own flight by recovering the energy of the surrounding wind, but not of industrial power generation, that is to say, acting in the strict sense of the word wind power.

This brings us to another key realization of the present invention that the energy produced is not required in a continuous manner, e.g. it can be transmitted to you via an electric or mechanical transmission cable, but energy can be transmitted from the flying safes to the ground receiving station in stages, in units depending on the size of the equipment, hereinafter referred to as "quantum", without the need for a cable.

In a further embodiment, the rotor of the flying wind turbine operates an air liquefaction device that uses the recovered energy to liquefy the air sucked from the environment and stores it in this form. The liquid air produced is transferred to the ground receiving station as described above,

This solution is fundamentally different from any previous one. In each case ui. the flying device either had to be mechanically connected to the earth receiving station via a cable and had to deal with any resulting problems discussed above, or had to carry the energy storage medium from the Earth, e.g. a battery, a supercapacitor, a flywheel, or other device that made up a significant portion of the system's strap weight. While this can be done as described above, there are significant benefits to using this new discovery. The new discovery allows the flying wind turbine to essentially take off the take-off weight itself and collect the energy storage medium, liquid air itself, from the environment during flight. Therefore, the weight of the liquid air produced is not reflected in the take-off weight, Thus, the take-off weight may be a fraction of the landing weight or the weight of the liquid air produced during each take-off. As a result, bringing the device according to the invention to the target height consumes significantly less energy than the known similar structures. At the same time, by operating the rotor of the wind turbine during landing, it is possible to retrieve the energy of the energy storage medium, that is, the high-altitude air collected and liquefied there, without having to invest it at take-off. So this is net energy gain, a kind of gift energy,

The energy that can be stored by the liquidity of the air is approx. 300 - 450 kd / kg. (C. Knowlen, A, T: Mattiok, AP Bruckner and A. Hertzberg: High Energy Conversion Systems Forums for Nitrogen Automobiles. Aerospace and Energy Research Program at the University of Washington, Seattle, WA) position energy of mass 98 kd / kg. Thus, the "gift energy" described above is by no means a negligible item.

With this, we came up with a solution that, like a land-based hydroelectric power plant, tens of thousands of meters of water was flowing down a stream of liquid air to the ground and utilizing its location energy (fis). While it is true that this high-altitude liquid air is intermittent, it can be said to land in quantum, but the analogy is nevertheless quite obvious.

In a further realization, the liquid wind storage of an aeronautical wind turbine should be designed as a "self-propelled" unit (hereafter called "ferry") that can be detached from the rest of the aircraft and transported to the earth station with the energy quantum stored therein. . At the terrestrial reception station, the ferry is emptied, that is, drained of the liquid air produced.

The ferry flight component may be a "passive device, eg,; parachute, paraglider, sailplane, glider, etc., or self-propelled "active" device such as a powered glider, airplane, powered paraglider, autograph, helicopter, or any other "active" airborne device.

If the ferry is an "active" ¹ device, an empty ferry from your Master will be sent to the flying headboard, timing it so that it can take the place of the previous ferry, which is now full and disconnected from the parent device. This will restart the cycle. This recognition allows the ferry to contain only the liquid air storage tank and its own equipment for the flight, while the high-mass air liquefaction unit is an integral part of the flying wind turbine, which is filled with and disconnected from the ferry. and remains in the air after.

If the ferry is a "passive device, e.g. a parachute or paraglider, preferably a remotely operated paraglider (GPS-Guided Parachufe MM1ST SlberRoad, Ottawa, Ontario K2SIE8. Canada), tens or more of these devices may be stored in a conventionally folded manner. If the liquid air produced in the wind turbine of the present invention is itself made of plastic foil, also folded but inflatable, double-triple or multiple walls, so that it is stored temporarily in a heat-insulated tank, the riser of the apparatus may be very small. it does not include the energy storage medium, while the total amount of useful weight that can be separated from the unit in a quantum manner and transmitted to your heads is hardly limited.

The ground receiving station (s) also form an integral part of the apparatus of the invention. In addition to serving as a complete ground handling unit for the flight units, the receiving station, acting as an energy storage distribution station, provides for the temporary storage, distribution and / or further processing of the energy produced and supplied to the air.

As the flying wind turbine according to the invention is not anchored to the ground or otherwise anchored to the ground, it is more suitable than any known wind power plant to track the movement of favorable atmospheric phenomena and to recover their energy. However, while flying units can track favorable winds up to hundreds of kilometers, this is not the case with the so-called liquid transporting liquid air to the ground. ferry for a reason. Therefore, the terrestrial receiving stations are preferably exposed to atmospheric phenomena, e.g. it must be installed near or even below the running currents from which the energy is extracted. However, it is not that easy to do, given that they are constantly changing their place. We have discovered that this problem can be solved by providing a central base station, possibly including some airports, capable of performing all of the functions described above, fulfilling many of the more modest requirements of the function, and possibly performing only one function, is a much cheaper slave station. Between these two extremes, it is possible to design the receiving station according to the circumstances and purpose.

* Φ Φ X Φ

In the simplest case, e.g. the earth slave station can only be a simple liquid air decontamination station. These colonies serve only the purpose, and are also equipped, to allow the ferries, which may be slatted tanks with liquid air tanks, to land and decontaminate their contents, the liquid air. Unloading can take place directly into a tanker truck waiting there, without the need for anything else. The ferry can land ad absurdly on a flat terrain, field, or water mirror. Such a solution is virtually stationary, can be located almost anywhere, and can be relocated to another, or better, location after shorter or longer operation. The receiving stations capable of performing these functions are hereinafter referred to as the energy receiving unit.

Optionally, of course, any supplement or additional device or additional equipment that may be used to perform additional tasks may be included in these power receiving units. Compared to the minimum version, the battery may include, for example, one or more optional liquid air storage tanks, which are used to extract liquid air from the ferries. Liquid air is transported from the tanks to the tankers that arrive regularly or need to be transported to another, more complete receiving and processing station. In addition, the battery may include one or more optional stores, such as those for ferries that have arrived and emptied.

The point of the discovery is that such a low-cost liquid air purge system, that is, the system of energy receiving units described above, can network the entire useful area underneath the photo streams, considering how they change their position, and how they do so. If the position and distance of the energy receiving units are correctly determined, wherever rs is exactly the running flow, we are in the right place, that is, within the range of our built-in system. The same applies to any atmospheric phenomenon that can be exploited in the present invention.

These findings render useless the use of both the rope anchoring the wind turbine and the cable leading to the ground receiving power. The power-generating flying unit of the present invention, as an autonomous and non-terrestrial flying device, does not require a proper anchorage to the Earth. Thus, in presenting the state of the art, these insights provide a complete solution to the problems and problems that have not been solved, and provide many additional benefits beyond that.

* * * φ ΦΦ

As we have seen, storing energy in the form of liquid air has many advantages. We have discovered that low-cost, high-volume liquid air thus produced, by the use of superconducting technology, opens up new possibilities for accomplishing the present invention that would otherwise have been out of the question due to the high cost, The use of an efficient superconductor generator can be stored on a flying aerial power station and the electricity generated with it can be stored in a superconducting magnetic energy storage. These devices can also be used for a similar purpose at a terrestrial receiving station.

The most general formulation of the invention

The invention relates to a land independent autonomous flying wind turbine having one or more land independent autonomous power generating flight units (briefly referred to as a flight unit) and one or more ground receiving stations (hereinafter referred to as "receiving stations") logically related to each of the flying units. a wind turbine, one or more power converters, and one or more energy storage units, there is a "base" station between the ground stations that contains a complete airport with all the necessary and at least sufficient accessories known to the expert, and there is a ground station one or more energy processing units and is at least logistically connected to the terrestrial energy system "

Part of the invention is a method in which non-autonomous, autonomous power generating aeronautical units, with ground control and / or their own computer control and navigation system and / or pilot, take off from a base station and search for takeoffs and / or wind speed gradients and the energy of these air movements. using their own known means to cover the energy requirements of their own flight, and to replenish the energy stored in the wind with energy storage units and then transfer this energy to a terrestrial energy receiving or processing unit that receives, stores and / or transforms the energy transmitted to it by the terrestrial energy system. other energy and / or it is transmitted to the terrestrial power system and / or to the user on a demand-driven schedule.

♦ *

The present invention is an integral part of both the land independent autonomous power generating flying unit (in short; flying unit) and the ground receiving station (in short; receiving station). Scheduled collaboration between two physically separate components that are physically unrelated to power generation ensures the realization of the invention.

In presenting the state of the art, we have demonstrated that there are flying wind generators anchored to the ground, but they do not have a unit for storing the energy they produce, because the electricity they produce is continuously transmitted to your people by electrical or mechanical cable. Energy production and transmission are therefore synchronous. In addition, there is a glider (concept), which retrieves the energy needed for its flight from the surrounding wind, stores it on board, but uses it only to power its flight, ie. there is no terrestrial reception station that would take over and convert the energy produced for further use for any purpose.

The flying unit of the present invention first operates the energy source during its flight by its wind-driven wind turbine (propeller), which brings the energy of the wind into a storable state and then stores it in an energy storage unit (short for energy storage). Once you have filled up your energy storage during your flight, you ensure that the energy you produce is delivered to your destination, either by landing on your head and transferring the energy directly to you, or using a parachute or other means to transfer it to your destination. The energy processing unit at the receiving station takes over the energy produced and ensures its further fate. Thus, it is temporarily stored as needed and then transmitted to the user (s) unchanged or converted to other forms of energy.

This solution is specifically suited for solving terrestrial power system regulatory problems - in contrast to known wind turbines, which are confronted with system control constraints on the terrestrial network. The system of the present invention may also meet a wide variety of needs, depending on the type of energy storage units of the flight unit, the mode of transfer of energy storage units, and the size of the energy processing units that are part of the ground station.

Beneficial solutions

The invention is immanent and has the feature of storing energy other than the known versions of flying wind turbines. In this respect, the serious problem is that, by its very nature, the energy storage of a flying wind turbine can never be large enough. The solution to this is almost without compromise is that the energy storage units include one that can be detached from the flight unit, and that there is a terrestrial receiving station having one or more energy receiving units for detachable energy storage units.

Preferably, the detachable energy storage unit and the flying unit are in a removable-disassembly relationship.

In describing the state of the art, we have discussed the existence of flying devices, e.g. Paragliders capable of a specific target area automatically, external intervention, eg. without remote control, “to carry their load in autonomous and self-propelled mode. Preferably, the detachable energy storage unit is configured as such a self-propelled and self-propelled flying ferry device.

If the ferry has a parachute, paraglider, powered paraglider, or sailplane, airplane, hang glider, motor glider, autogyrer, helicopter, it allows you to replace the energy storage unit on the fly, which is many times over. In this case, once the ferry is full, you simply disconnect it from the flight unit, replace it with an empty one, and continue to collect energy.

In the meantime, the full ferry goes to the land reception station, where it is emptied. If the ferry is a passive device, ie without a propulsion system (eg parachute), it is prepared for reuse after pouring, eg. folded. If the ferry is an active, self-propelled device, it will fly empty to the flying unit. This matter needs to be scheduled so that it can arrive when it is time to disconnect the previous ferry and take over.

The unique advantage of the wind turbine of the present invention over all known wind turbines is that its flying unit is able to locate and follow the motion cough phenomena required for its operation. To take full advantage of this advantage, there is one or more "slave stations" spatially separate from the base station and logically related to it between the energy processing and / or energy receiving units of a terrestrial receiving station.

# 9 * «9 * ♦ * 9 Φ» Φ

Χ »Φ« Α * »♦« ♦ Φ. «·« ·. ♦♦. * * Φ *** ♦ ♦ «<♦♦ Φβφ

Ε Setting up slave stations can be very modest in terms of cost. The so-called "minimal version" is enough that the slave station has a flat area or water surface capable of receiving detachable energy storage units, so in the simplest case these slave stations fulfill the function of an energy receiving unit. Because of their simplicity and low cost, such energy receiving entities can cover large areas, and as they can be 10 to 50 km apart, they do not require much

The detachable energy storage unit is preferably provided with a signaling and / or positioning device. This allows the ferry to be picked up and picked up, and to reach the designated destination without self-control and self-control.

Optionally, the ferry is provided with a remote control device that allows remote control of the ferry's flight and / or docking and / or detachment to the flight unit. Remote control device is a combination of all devices that make or facilitate the delivery of a ferry. To this end, e.g. the ferry is equipped with a positioning device (GP8), but may include docking, near-ground navigation and landing camcorders, etc. too.

The same applies to the flight unit itself, which is suitably equipped with a positioning device and a remote control device, which allows the flight unit to move (eg take-off and take-off) and, where appropriate, to dock and detach the ferry and to remotely control these operations.

A central idea of the invention is that the energy produced is temporarily stored in the form of liquid air. Therefore, a preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the energy conversion unit is provided between the air liquefaction unit directly or indirectly connected to the wind turbine and the energy storage units. .

The material of the liquid air storage container serving as an energy storage unit is preferably a flexible plastic film. This allows the unit to be carried by the flight unit when folded from such a container, so that the amount of energy produced in one take-off can be many times the amount that would otherwise be stored on an aircraft.

ik * · χ * «» »κ *« X »* *« * «*« «x« xx * «χ * \ * χ * *

X Χχχ «* · ♦

Χ + · χχ

Good heat insulation is very important when storing liquid air. For this purpose, the liquid air storage plastic foil containers are preferably multiple-walled. In addition to better thermal insulation, this solution also has the advantage that the mechanical stability and shape stability of the plastic foil is ensured by the gas blown between the tank walls,

In the simplest case, gas air used to inflate tanks for storing liquid air is obvious.

However, the thermal insulation capacity of the tanks can be improved and thereby reduce the loss of liquid-air when the gas conductivity of the gas used to inflate the liquid-air storage tanks is less than air, e.g. gek-patch? e-ez- ~ ^ vegipatoan-alkyltomoz; —A

The liquefied air produced can be used for many purposes mentioned herein, however, but the present invention is based on energy applications, and therefore, there is a preference among the aerodrome receiving stations that operate on liquid air and / or liquid nitrogen and / or liquid oxygen fuel. contains a thermal power plant.

One of the basic realizations of the present invention is that the transmission of energy between a flight unit and a ground receiving station by disconnecting and transmitting energy storage units in discrete units; un. This eliminates the need to immediately transmit the generated energy to the terrestrial receiving station, while at the same time raising the need for temporary storage of the produced energy.

Since the wind turbine generates rotary motion, it is obvious that the energy storage units located on the flying units store the energy extracted from the wind in the form of mechanical energy. Flywheel energy storage systems are already advantageous for special applications, but with the advancement of composite materials chemistry and nanotechnology, they are expected to increase their storage capacity and to further expand their use.

As we have seen, the use of liquid air as an energy storage medium has many advantages. However, it is not advisable to forego an advantage that the invention * >>

The use of large amounts of inexpensive liquid air is a result of the application. It is based on the application of superconducting technology, which now provides industrial solutions even at liquid nitrogen temperatures. However, this object is inherently electrical in nature and therefore a preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the wind turbine is connected directly or indirectly to an electric rotary machine and preferably to a superconducting electric rotary machine. This also significantly reduces energy conversion losses and equipment size and weight.

The electrical energy storage units thus produced include a superconducting magnetic energy storage device and / or a supercapacitor. This opens up the potential for using energy storage devices that are likely to be on the rise, but already outperform other energy storage devices in many ways.

The use of this solution is particularly advantageous when a direct current (i) is required at the receiving station, since these devices store it in a highly efficient and readily accessible form.

Slower than ever, but now spectacularly developing, new types of batteries (such as lithium batteries) and flow cells have been developing spectacularly and with increasing capacity and weight. Using these, the energy storage units placed on the flight units are the energy extracted from the wind in the form of chemical energy

However, it is believed that the energy storage units on the flight units will store most of the energy recovered from the wind in the form of liquid air. The advantages of this will be described in detail herein.

Examples

A m ~ 300 kg, self-propelled, air-powered, propeller-driven, sailplane is powered by an air-to-air propulsion system and has a fuel tank (s) capable of storing liquid air. , To ascend to a running stream (Jet stream) at 10,000 m, E = m * g * H ~ 350 * 0.81 * 10,000 ~ 34.3 * 10 ³ kJ energy equivalent to approximately 100 kg of liquid air, A moving in the flow of wood with dynamic soaring, propelling its propeller with its leading edges produces power. Using the power from the wind, it operates the air liquefaction unit to produce liquid air and stores it in its virtually empty fuel tanks after takeoff, producing approximately 300 kg of liquid air, and then descends to land on a sailboat. During descent, the combined weight of the 300 kg of liquid air produced is approximately 600 kg

Using S8.9 * 10 ³ kd of local energy, it produces an additional 170 kg of liquid air. At the ground reception station, 370 kg of the total 470 kg of liquid air produced are decapitated and the machine is ready for takeoff.

The body of the power sailplane of Example 1 is constructed as a cylindrical warehouse with a hinged rear door. The bottom of the load compartment is equipped with a roll bar for easy operation. In the rack, in a folded state, a plurality of double-walled liquid air storage tanks made of plastic foil, blown in between the walls of the tank and fitted with a parachute, are arranged in series. When the machine reaches the target height, air liquefaction begins. The automation then inflates the first plastic container closest to the load compartment with compressed air, which, when inflated, takes the form of a cylinder and loosely fills the space between the load door and the other folded containers. The machine collects the liquid air produced in this tank. When this tank is filled with liquid air, the automation will inflate the second tank, which, while adopting its cylindrical shape, gradually pushes the full first tank toward the rear door of the load compartment, thereby opening the load door. By the time the second container takes its final shape, the first container will be pushed out of the machine, which will be facilitated by the safety box. First, the parachute on the back of the tank leaves the machine, which gets caught in the wind and opens it. An open parachute pulls the tank out of the machine and lands on the ground with its load. This will start the cycle again and repeat until the last tank filled with liquid air comes down to the ground. At this point, the machine still fills the fixed liquid air tank, which acts as a fuel tank, and lands in a full tank at the land receiving station. Here, your cargo is filled with liquid air storage foil tanks with a parachute, ready for your new mission.

Example 3

Same as Example 2 with the exception that the foil tanks for storing liquid air are equipped with a remotely operated paraglider and GFS equipment. Thus, the parachute tank leaving the airplane can be remotely controlled to accurately land the landing station, whereby it can be immediately employed: it can extract the liquid air, refold the tank and the parachute, and prepare it for landing at an aircraft landing station.

Example 4

The same as in Example 3, except that the fleet units are made up of a fleet of 4 glider aircraft which provide quasi-continuous power supply to a terrestrial receiving station. Thus, each machine lands every 24 hours, while the ground receiving station receives one additional machine every 6 hours, spending 2 hours on the ground. During this time, the machine is being prepared for another take-off: performing the necessary technical inspections and minor repairs, and filling the machine with empty, folded liquid air storage, parachute foil tanks. If you take 1 hour to take off and get to the target altitude, and also 1 hour to fly off, you will have 20 hours to generate energy. During this time, each 200 liter foil container is filled with about 170 kg of liquid air, so each machine produces about 3400 kg of liquid air, with 4 machines totaling 13,600 kg / day, which equals approximately 1560 kWb.

The power of a m ~ 306 kg remote controlled sailplane is an electric rotor that can operate in both engine and generator operations. Power is provided by a 300 kg battery. The battery is a high storage capacity type, preferably, for example, an iltium polymer electrolyte battery capable of storing about 80 kWh of electricity at a given weight. To climb up to a flow of 10,000m (yet stream), E ~ m * g * H ~ 860 * 9.81 * 10000 ~ 59 * 10 ³ kJ - 16.4 kWh of power, equivalent to 27% of the on-board battery capacity a. About 70% of the available battery capacity is charged by the glider by exploiting wind power. To do this, it generates power in the running stream by dynamic sailing ("dynamic soanng'h moving, propeller driven by the wind blade, and powered by a generator-driven electric rotor). When the battery is fully charged, or simply replace the battery to start the cycle again.

Identical to Example 5, except that the onboard energy storage is performed by a superconducting magnetic energy storage.

In the examples above, some aspects of the role of the terrestrial receiving station in receiving wind energy have been illustrated. So energy has arrived on the earth, mostly in the form of liquid air, which also solves the temporary storage of energy. (The examples of other forms of energy show that the invention is also capable of meeting specific energy needs.) Depending on the needs, the stored liquid air is either transferred to the end-use site or further processed locally, depending on the needs. One obvious way of doing this is by evaporating the liquid gas to produce high pressure compressed air, which drives a gas generator through a gas engine. The electricity thus received is fed into the terrestrial electricity grid according to demand. The terrestrial receiving station is thus able to fulfill the function of a peak power plant.

In addition to the base receiving station (s), the slave stations play an important role, which in the simplest case receives and downloads the contents of the liquid air ferries to the ground. The maximum and expedient distance between these energy receiving units is determined by the number of skis on the ferry, the height of the running stream from the ground, and the prevailing winds and wind speeds. For example, if the running flow is at an altitude of H ~ 10,000 m and the skis number of the ferry is S 10, the ferry can reach H * S ~ t ~ 100 km with its cargo from the place of energy extraction. This means that from this location, the terrestrial receiving or unloading station must be within a radius of L ~ 100 km. The location of the center of the circle must be corrected for local seismic data because it only coincides with the location of energy extraction in windy conditions, in truth, the area of influence is not circular, but assuming sufficient safety margins and killing the location of

♦ », and that is what sgy wins.

then there will be no dead space in the network, wherever there is a favorable chilly weather area without leaving any obvious marks on the ground at first glance. 20-100 kilometers apart, each of the small energy receiving units described above represents all visible traces, and one zero-emission liquid air fuel (or its derivatives, such as liquid nitrogen, oxygen, etc.), which is in its catchment area. The processing plant utilizes and exploits the liquid air "yield" of the decommissioning plants, which could be built every 50-1,000 kilometers, preferably 50-200-300 kilometers, depending on wind conditions. By this we mean that the choice of site for the power plant must take into account the seasonal variations in energy production and its energy content.

This system is well suited for the soggy nitrogen economy {"/ tgofd nitrogen econorny! the concept of a future economy where energy is stored and transported in the form of liquid nitrogen. (Kleppe J.A .. Schneider R.N., "The Nitrogen Economy", Winter Meetin ASEE, Honolulu, Hl, December 1974}

This example illustrates the operation of a wind turbine according to the invention or some possible ways of operating it. Operating a wind turbine according to the invention is a more complex task than its predecessors, whether land-based or anchored to the ground, because autonomous flying units must find the dynamic wind conditions required for their operation; take-off air currents, wind speed gradients, and they have to be exploited repeatedly in a “dynamic way. It is the responsibility of the aviation professionals to know this. In the simplest case, therefore, the flying units are directly controlled by the pilots. They are also assisted by meteorological data, which are accessed via telecommunication channels. Some of this data is now public and can be accessed via the Internet, for example. The state-of-the-art technology allows the pilot not to sit in the physical unit of the wind turbine in his physical reality, but in a ground office, with flight and operating wind turbine operating data displayed in front of him on a screen. so a pilot

it can also control multiple flight units remotely, while not weighing the flight unit itself, so it is possible to place technical equipment or multiple energy storage units instead. The entire system can also be controlled by a computer using suitable software (as demonstrated in the prior art analysis), so that the "pilot" performs tasks similar to those of an airport ground controller. so ultimately he coordinates the whole system.

Summarizing the beneficial effects, it can thus be said that the energy of any air movement that can be utilized to produce the energy of the present invention and to keep the flying wind turbine in the air at a rate different from that of the surrounding air mass. Thus, the present invention uses wind speed gradient as well as rising or falling air currents to generate energy, rather than the wind speed itself, and is thus fundamentally different from any previous wind power.

The novelty of the inventive concept is well illustrated by the fact that the prior art wind turbines and the new wind turbine version of the present invention are mutually unsuitable for operation in each other's field of application. This fact clearly and clearly distinguishes between the two types of wind turbines. For example, a wind wheel mounted on a traditional ground wind tower cannot do anything about rising air currents in its vicinity, let alone locate them. Wind turbines anchored to the ground can be extremely dangerous if they are caught in the "shear" zone of two high-intensity air currents at significantly different speeds. However, it is precisely such wind conditions that are most advantageous for the operation of the wind turbine of the present invention.

Thus, the present invention builds on hitherto untapped potentials and, by exploiting them, bypasses the problems of both near-surface and high-atmospheric winds, and opens up almost unlimited possibilities for wind power by discovering a whole new beat.

In the discussion of the state of the art, the so-called. Running Flows In these "rivers", the wind is constantly blowing. They have wind speeds of between 5 and 8,000 m / s and energy redness of between 20 and 100 kW / m ² , while wind speeds are significantly lower in their immediate environment. This fact makes running currents particularly suitable for the energetic application of the present invention, due to the high power density resulting in small plant sizes. The equivalent of a 48m rotor wind turbine with 48 m rotor diameter (eg Mécsér, Hungary), equivalent to a running wind turbine using a running current, is only 1.5 mUSTERNowadays human intervention in nature processes. Global warming is now undisputed. This is what experts call the so-called. greenhouse gas emissions, which are clearly the result of human activity. However, it is hardly said that humanity's energy use is now beginning to become a negligible item in the Earth's energy balance, especially given the exponentially increasing trend in energy use. In 2005, the ratio of total solar energy absorbed by the earth to total human energy use was 11.290: 1, compared to 228: 1 for the total energy content of wind blowing on the earth, but only 11: 1 for total annual biomass (Source: Eurec In view of these proportions, it is certainly true, but perhaps no longer today, that the burning of fossil fuel supplies has long since led to the release of "off-market" energy by Fold. , we will bring it into the Earth's energy balance with a delay of several millions of years. But the situation is no better with nuclear energy, or with the hope of all of us, with future fusion energy, which, so to speak, gives us an unlimited and clean source of energy. Well, the problem with this is that "out of nowhere" and "out of control. If we are not careful, seeing the trend, we will soon be able to "bake" your main without greenhouse gases Seeing the exponential increase in demand, this is probably the moment when you need to be and still can be. If we have hot (and are getting better), well, we should not break our heads when purchasing another stove (eg: fusion power plant), but turn off the heating

One of the potential options for this is the use of wind energy. However, using today's technical solutions, this is a completely unrealistic goal, see: KM Müller / J, Giber: Erneubare (Alternative} Energien, Theoretische PotentlaSe, reale Zukunfl dér Energieversorgung. Shaker Media Aachen, 2007, Page 39} So we have to look for new ways.

φ «. * ♦ * * *

φ. φ φ * φφφ

Μ φ Φ Φ * «» '»«. ♦. * »** ***

All in all, I would like to point out that the energy balance of the present invention is zero. By using liquid air, not only the energy storage medium, that is, the air from where it was taken, is returned to the environment, but the energy itself is the same. To condense air, we use mechanical energy from the environment (wind) to reduce the internal energy of the air and to extract latent heat from it. However, this heat energy is simultaneously returned to the environment via a heat exchanger. The exact opposite is true when the liquid air is evaporated and mechanical energy is generated by a gas engine. The mechanical energy produced in this way was originally also mechanical energy: it was just a form of energy that we could use directly (Rotational motion, as opposed to translational motion of the wind.) The cycle is closed, the energy balance is zero. (Cesare Marchefii: Transport and Storage of Energy. Presented at the Third Conference of the European Physical Society, Sucharest, September 9-12, 1975.) So we do not heat the Earth, This solution meets the most stringent environmental demands as energy , including those needed for its own operation, is derived from the wind, and energy storage for all other chemicals, batteries, etc. without it, it can be in the form of liquid air, which after use is returned to where it was taken; into the environment. In this way, we fully meet the requirements of sustainable development.

In addition, energy storage is an immanent part of the invention, unlike conventional ground-based or floating wind turbines, the power supply of our power plant's ground receiving station, even in quantum terms, is quasi-continuous, so it does not depend on wind or near ground. Such a power plant is specifically designed to be used to meet peak demand. Therefore, investment in this type of power plant is not constrained by the system inflexibility of the existing electricity system.

Continuing the idea, liquid air, so-called "zero emission" vehicles, can also be a source of energy. This is not a recent idea, but more and more research centers are currently working on this topic (eg: C. Knowlen et al. High Efficiency Energy Conversion Systems for Liguld Nitrogen Aufemobiles. In: Aerospace and Energy Research Program at University of Washington, Seattle, WA 981898 and there As liquid air can be stored at atmospheric pressure, it can be made almost compatible with current technology to fill liquid air or nitrogen in a car tank by modifying existing gas stations with relatively little modification. It is true that, due to the lower energy content of the liquid air, there is an approx. 300 liter tanks should be used, but this is not an insurmountable amount of technical and cheap u what maris just enough

It should be noted here that it is possible to design the electric generator drive with liquid air by fractionally distilling it to obtain oxygen, nitrogen, argon and other gases while heating and expanding the free energy of the energy, that is, heating and expanding the liquid air. out of processed air. Selling these products further reduces the androgen cost of the energy produced and of my liquid air.

Finally, our power plant does not harm the interests of the landowners either, since the construction of the ground base is not "bound to the wind". Ham also hurts the aesthetic sensibilities of the main ones, who say that land-based wind farms are cluttering the landscape. The problem of noise pollution is also easy to handle, because we have quite a lot of freedom in determining the location of the ground base.

Claims (23)

Patent Claims 1. A phoid-independent, autonomous flying wind turbine, characterized by having one or more ground independent autonomous power generating flight units and one or more terrestrial receiving stations logically related thereto, each of which contains one or more wind turbines, one or more energy converters as well as one or more energy storage units, the ground stations include a "base" station containing complete airports with all necessary and at least sufficient accessories known to the expert, and a ground reception station having one or more power stations. and is at least logistically connected to the terrestrial energy system. A wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the energy storage units include one that can be detached from the flight unit and a ground receiving station having one or more energy receiving units for detachable energy storage units. Wind power plant according to Claim 2, characterized in that the detachable energy storage unit and the flying unit are in a releasable and removable relationship. Wind power plant according to claim 2, characterized in that the detachable energy storage unit is designed as a self-propelled and self-propelled flying "ferry" device, which is capable of reaching the target area by self-control. 5. A wind turbine according to claim 4, characterized in that the ferry has a parachute, glider, motor glider, or sailplane, airplane, hang glider, powered hang glider, gyroplane, helicopter. Wind power plant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that one or more "slave" stations, spatially distinct from the base station and logically related thereto, are located between the energy processing and / or energy receiving units of a terrestrial receiving station. . The stereo plant according to claim 8, characterized in that the slave station has a flat area or water surface suitable for receiving detachable energy storage units. A wind turbine according to claim 2, characterized in that the detachable energy storage unit is provided with a signaling and / or positioning device, s. Stereo power plant according to claim 4, characterized in that the ferry is equipped with a remote control device which allows remote control of the ferry flight and / or docking and / or detachment to the flight unit. A wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that its flying unit is equipped with a positioning device, 11. A wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that its flying unit is provided with a remote control device which enables remote control of the movement of the flying unit. 1 £. Wind turbine according to claims 4 and 11, characterized in that the remote unit of the flight unit allows docking and / or detaching of the ferry Wind power plant according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the air turbine is connected directly or indirectly to the wind turbine and has a liquid air storage tank. A wind turbine according to claim 13, characterized in that the liquid air storage container acting as an energy storage unit is made of a flexible plastic film. too. Wind turbine according to claim 14, characterized in that the liquid air storage plastic foil containers are multiple-walled. »♦ *« XX ΦΦ Wind power according to Claim 15, characterized in that the mechanical stability of the plastic foil container (s) is ensured by the gas blown between the container walls. 17. A spreading plant according to claim 16, characterized in that the gas used to inflate the liquid air storage tanks is air, A wind turbine according to claim 16, characterized in that the gas used to inflate the liquid air storage tanks has a lower thermal conductivity than air. Wind power plant according to Claim 1, characterized in that there is an associated land receiving station comprising a liquid air and / or liquid nitrogen and / or liquid oxygen fueled thermal power plant. A wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that it has an electric rotary machine directly or indirectly connected to the wind turbine. A wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a superconducting electric rotor directly or indirectly connected to the wind turbine, A wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a magnetic energy storage device and / or a supercapacitor for superconducting. 23. Procedure independent of land. for the operation of an autonomous wind turbine, characterized in that land-based autonomous power-generating flight units with ground control and / or take-off from a base station controlled by their own computer control and navigation system and / or pilot, search for take-off air currents and / or wind speed gradients; using their energy in a manner known per se to cover the energy requirements of their own flight, and to replenish their energy storage units with excess energy from the wind. then this energy is transmitted to a terrestrial energy receiving or processing unit which receives, stores and / or converts the energy delivered to it to other energy required by the terrestrial energy system and / or transmits it to the terrestrial energy system on a demand-driven basis and / or to the user. 2 '** ♦ ♦ · »« κ * «* # * β * Φ «»: - «* *« X * Χ «Φ * Φ ♦. * · *« Φ * * »« « Φ ·> * A method according to claims 24 to 23, characterized in that the energy transfer between the flight unit and the ground receiving station is performed by disconnecting and transmitting energy storage devices. 25. A 23-24. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the energy storage units disposed on the flight units store the energy recovered from the wind in the form of liquid air. 26. A 23-24. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the energy storage units disposed on the flight units store the energy recovered from the wind in the form of mechanical energy. 27 A 23-24. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the energy storage units disposed on the flight units store the energy extracted from the wind in the form of magnetic energy. 28. A 23-24. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the energy storage units disposed on the flight units store the energy extracted from the wind in the form of electrostatic energy. The method of any one of claims 23 to 24, wherein the energy storage units disposed on the flight units store the energy recovered from the wind as chemical energy.