HU191247B - Stair structure - Google Patents

Abstract

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Treppenkonstruktion, deren die Belagelemente der Gehfläche fixierende Armaturen als von Stufe zu Stufe kettengliedartig miteinander verbindbare Metallarmaturen ausgebildet sind und deren Stufenanzahl als Quotient der zu überwindenden Höhendifferenz und der Stufenhöhe gegeben ist. Die Metallarmaturen der Treppenkonstruktion bestehen aus sich kettengliedartig wiederholenden Armaturen, wobei die Armatur der untersten Stufe und aller Zwischenstufen von einem durch ein Halsteil mit einem ersten Rohrring (1) verbundenen zweiten Rohrring (2) gebildet wird. Auf dessen oberem Rand liegt der untere Rand des ersten Rohrringes (1) des nächstfolgenden Treppenelementes auf. An beiden Seiten des ersten Rohrringes (1) sind Konsolen zum Fixieren der Belagelemente befestigt. An den Rändern der Konsolen (5) sind zur Befestigung der Treppengeländer dienende Elemente ausgebildet. Die Befestigungselemente der Stufenbeläge sind von an den Halsteilen (6) befestigten Distanzstücken (8) gebildet. Auf dem ersten Rohrring (1) liegt eine zur Aufnahme und Befestigung einer Verankerung bzw. Befestigungsklammer geeignete Deckplatte (12) auf. Die Armatur der sich an den oberen Endpunkt der Treppe anschließenden Stufe besteht aus den Rohrringen (1, 2), den Konsolen (5), dem Halsteil und einem mit diesem verbundenen Befestigungselement mit Einrichtung zur Aufnahme der Verankerung.

Description

Staircase structure, of which the fittings for securing the floor coverings of the walkway consist of stepwise repeating metal assemblies; the number of steps shall be the quotient of the level difference and the height of the steps, while any necessary correction shall be provided by the variable tilt of the entire stair structure. The chain repeating fittings of the stair structure assemblies are formed such that the lower edge of the stair structure is formed by a further rim portion (2) formed by a further rim portion (2) of the lower and intermediate stair element assemblies formed by a further tubular ring member (2) 3) a lower edge of the first annular member (1) of the next step member that is chain-linked to this step member; furthermore, that the steps are secured on each side of the first tubular ring member (1) with casing fastening brackets (4,5) which can be formed in such a way that the steps, preferably holes, are formed on the edges of the brackets (4,5); and that the retaining member of the staircase casings is formed by a spacer plate (8) fixed on the neck members (6) on which the holes (9) for receiving the fastener are formed; furthermore, on the first annular member (1) of the stair element there is provided a bore cover plate (12) for passing through and securing the lower anchors (15) anchored to the lower level; furthermore, the stair element assembly connected to the receiving level consists of a bracket (6) fixed to the first tubular ring element (1) and a fastening element (7) fixed to the latter, the latter being fastened through the holes (11) of the latter. . (Figures 1, 4, 6, 7, 10)

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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a staircase structure, wherein the fixtures for fastening the coverings of the walkway surface consist of metal fittings which can be joined in steps.

The stair structure according to the invention is particularly recommended for the construction using standardized and prefabricated elements for use as building elements, in particular:

- residential, - residential, - interior and exterior staircases of cottages;

- exhibit areas for mobile stairs;

- for industrial buildings:

(a) to replace each level in additional transport,

(b) escape and control steps;

- for emergency stairs.

Many types of staircases are known in the highly diverse fields of architecture that can be made and used from prefabricated and typifiable elements, as in the present invention. Stair structures, which have the common feature that one end of each step is secured by a wall, are far from the object of the invention. Also known from the subject matter of the invention are known stair structures which connect a lower and an upper level with a ladder-like structure such that the running surfaces of each of the steps are horizontally located. A group of these staircases also includes construction solutions in which the two levels are joined by a series of ladder-like stairs, possibly in different directions, and a so-called rest area is provided between the two stairs.

The so-called spiral staircase structures, which are characterized by the fact that one end of the metal fittings fixing the running surfaces of the stairs are located on a common supporting rod, are very widely used. The upper and lower ends of the support bar are secured. On the opposite side of the spiral staircase structure, a barrier structure is attached to the metal assembly of the staircase. A spiral stair, like the stair structure of the present invention, has the advantage of being prefabricated, easy to install at the point of application, optionally after completion of the construction, and of having the ability to be disassembled, transported and can also be installed on application sites.

Approaches of the present invention, i.e. chain stair structures are known, inter alia, from the following patents:

US 4,375,609

US 4,285,178

DE 2,623,523

DE 3 031 095

CH 600 092

AT 369,836

A common disadvantage of the various types of staircases without masonry is that:

- the staircase structures were not viewable in unlimited geometric forms, such as oval, elliptical, "S", "Z", etc., which are not straight lines; shapes could not be formed;

- for the reasons set out above, it has not been able to create a space in the staircase connecting the various levels, which would have served the purposes of the elevator shaft, for example;

- for known staircases made of prefabricated typed elements, the ratio between the height between the two levels to be connected to the staircase and the height of each staircase had to be an integer, so for the stair structure with different level differences, guaranteed. The disadvantage of these stair constructions was that the individual stairs were fully supported and therefore the loosening of the joint between the console pedestal was a source of accidents.

A further disadvantage was that the elements of the chain structure of the stair bracket elements were connected by screwing and welding in a small contact surface, which was partly disadvantageous because the bolting could be loosened due to mechanical stress, the bonding could be impaired and disassembling the prefabricated stair structure, reassembling it other than the previous layout. A further disadvantage was that the stair structures close to the subject matter of the invention, referred to briefly as chain stairs, were not provided with railings. the method of attaching the barrier to the stair structure in the case of arbitrary stair design was not known. They were not known for so-called chain-stair structures. "Resting". The installation of the paving slab was unstable under central arcing (not in compliance with Hungarian standards).

In the known solutions there is only one point of clamping, in the case of the invention there is a circular clamp (multipoint) so that under static load the static stability is multiplied.

In the prior art, the top connection is not described for a centrifugal load as described.

In the case of a point-to-point connection, a separate intermediate support is required for static operation.

It is an object of the present invention to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks of stair structures other than those known in the art, such as prefabricated and typeable structural elements and mounted on supports or supports. It is an object of the present invention to provide an unrestricted geometry of the stair structure according to the invention. Within this framework, any oval, ellipse, "S", "Z", "U, etc., can be rectilinear or non-linear. or any combination of these shapes can be customized to suit the particular requirements.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a single prefabricated, prefabricated structural member for the initial fastening first stage and each intermediate step of the metal fasteners of the staircase, and for the attachment to the receiving level, form the stair structure, optionally disassembling, transporting and reusing it for further purposes. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a barrier structure that can be attached to the metal brackets of the stair, along with any line design.

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Our aim is to take into account only one step height dimension instead of the height series of prefabricated staircases, and that the staircases built between the two sleds can be joined seamlessly to both the lower and upper levels. In this way, the height of the level differences is obtained by dividing the number of steps, possibly by adjusting the inclination of the entire stair structure. The matching elements of the brackets of each step are designed with maximum load-bearing surfaces and using screw-free fastenings.

It has been found that the above-described objects can be achieved by prefabricated and typeable metal fittings for unstripped staircases, on which any cover elements not subject to the invention can be secured with full bracket support. Between each step, prefabricated elements can be made into stairways.

The stair structure according to the invention must always be supported at least at two points. Intermediate support is not required in the case of a radially different axis guide v in the case where, in the top view of the staircase, the arc of the staircase guide or its arch falls within the contour of the static support structure. Additional support shall be provided at all locations or locations where the stairway arch is outside the contour of the static support structure. An example of this is the so-called fractured stair structure, where, in addition to the support at the two structural end points, support is also required at the break point.

It is important to emphasize that the determination and dimensioning of the anchor points of the stair structure according to the invention can be determined and controlled at any time by means of classical static calculations, in the knowledge of the structure design, load and strain parameters. The stair structure according to the invention can be easily and simply fastened by means of elemental anchorage attached to the lower and upper levels, afterwards fastening with fasteners, but, for example, in the case of large surface supports, the lower fastening can be provided without anchoring or fastening.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a stair structure having fasteners for fastening the casing members consisting of a series of step repeating metal fittings (brackets); the number of steps is the quotient of the difference in level and the height of the steps, while the necessary adjustment is provided by the variable adjustment of the inclination of the entire stair structure such that the a further tubular ring member connected by a tubular ring member with neck portions having an upper rim having a lower rim of a first annular member of the next step member that is chain-linked to said step member; furthermore, that on each side of the first tubular ring member the casings of the steps are fixed by brackets securing them, such that holes, preferably holes, are formed at the edges of the brackets; and that the fastening means for the staircase casings is formed by a spacer plate fixed on the neck portions, on which the holes for receiving the fastener are formed; furthermore, on the first ring member of the stair member there is provided a bore cover plate through which lower anchors are anchored to the lower level and secures them; and that the assembly of the step member attached to the receiving level comprises a bracket fixed to the first tubular ring member and a fastening member secured to the latter, the latter being fastened through holes in the latter, preferably anchors in the receiving level.

The essence of the invention is that the length of the brackets of the stair structure is approximately equal to the desired length of the stairs.

In a further preferred embodiment, in the case of an arched step structure, if the arch of the arch is on the static contour line of the step structure, the step structure has at least two intermediate two supports in addition to the lower and receiving level anchors.

A further preferred embodiment of the stair structure according to the invention is that it has an additional intermediate support in its fracture marble for a top view of a broken stair shape.

In a further preferred embodiment, the neck portion connecting the first ring member and the further ring member of at least one of the staircase members is larger than the length of the other neck members, and that the staircase covering such neck member forms a rest, e.g.

Finally, according to an embodiment of the stair structure according to the invention, the lower part of the first tube ring member and the upper part of the upper tube ring member are provided with notches to facilitate the planned adjustment of the mounting angle position.

The most important advantages of the stair structure according to the invention are:

- compared with known spiral stair structures where no spindle space could be formed and the shape of the stair could only be formed in a spiral line, it was particularly disadvantageous that the spindle space could not be formed and because of the spiral guiding of the stairs narrow size; these drawbacks can be completely eliminated in the stair structure according to the invention, since the stair structure we propose can be straight-line in the top view, or it can be formed in any direction.

- The stair structure according to the invention can be assembled from prefabricated, prefabricated structural elements of a very simple design, thus eliminating the need to build the stairs together with the building.

- The stair structure according to the invention provides a very significant advantage in that the number of steps needed between two levels can be determined by the difference of the level and the number of steps with the height of the typed size, and if the level of the top by tilting or raising the entire stair structure to meet occupational safety and other standards.

- In the case of a staircase slightly different from the straight, the intermediate support is only necessary if the top view of the stair

-3191 247 shows an arc where the arc of the arc does not fall within the static contour of the stair structure, and the number and position of the supports required can be easily determined by known classical static calculations.

The stair structure according to the invention can be made of prefabricated and typable structural elements, the main advantage of which is that the metal assemblies used to secure the floor covering elements of any shape or material are step-wise chained to each other, so that except for a structural member.

The stair structure according to the invention is exemplary! Embodiment of the invention will be described in more detail on the basis of the drawing, where

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a typified assembly of a starting staircase and an intermediate staircase;

Fig. 2 is a perspective view schematically illustrating an embodiment of a stair element in accordance with the invention connected to the upper level;

Figure 3 is a schematic perspective view of another embodiment of the closing stair member of Figure 2,

Figure 4 is a partial view, partly in section, of the lowest and subsequent fittings of the stair structure of the present invention;

Fig. 5 shows an intermediate retaining clamp for securing two joined assemblies of a stair structure according to the invention,

Figure 6 illustrates an assembly of staircase assemblies of the present invention mounted between two levels, schematically, in section,

7-15. Figures 6 to 8 show a plan view of the stair structure according to the invention, shown in various plan views, showing the supports of the stair structure.

As shown in Fig. 1, the fittings of the starting and intermediate stair elements of the stair structure according to the invention are formed by an additional tubular ring member 2 connected to a first tube ring member on both sides by a neck member 6 such that a spacer plate 8 is mounted horizontally on the neck member. Stair cover elements (not shown) can be attached to the holes of the spacer plate 8. A bracket 4 is secured on both sides of the first tubular ring member 1, the ends of which are provided with holes 9 for securing a cover member not shown in the figure. On the upper part of the further tube ring member 2 there is formed a tube sleeve 3 having a diameter smaller than the diameter of the additional tube member 2.

The stair elements shown in Fig. 1 can be linked in a chain-like manner by joining two identical stair elements by placing the lower portion of the first pipe annulus 1 of the next stair element on a further tubular member 2 of the first step member. In order to pre-fabricate the stair structure of the present invention, groove-like markings 14 are formed on the underside of the first tubular member 1 and on the outer jacket surface 3 of the further tubular member 2, which can help.

Figure 2 is a perspective view of a closing stair element connected to the upper level. The neck portion 6 of the first rain ring member 1 of the closing stair member is secured to a fastener 7 whose bores 11 formed on its surfaces can be fastened to the upper anchored fasteners.

Figure 3 illustrates an embodiment of the closing stair elements of Figure 2, wherein the brackets 5 are substantially longer than the length of the brackets 4 shown in Figure 2, in other words, that this closing stair element serves to secure the railing and treads. The end plate 10 at the end of the bracket 5 is provided with a hole for attaching a barrier structure (not shown). Fig. 4 is a partially sectional view, partly in section, of an assembly drawing of the lower starting step member and the subsequent second step member of the stair structure according to the invention.

The lower ring member 1 of the lowest step member is held in place by a lower galvanized lower clamp 15 so that a threaded portion of the lower clamp 15 is secured to the nuts on the cover plate 12 on the top of the first tube ring member. The first step ring member 1 of the next step member mounted on the upper flange of the additional tubular ring member 2 is secured to the cover member 12 by a nut 13 on the threaded portion of the intermediate retaining clamp 16. The staircase 17 is secured to the spacer plate 8. The bracket 5 serves to secure a barrier structure not shown in the drawing.

Fig. 5 illustrates the intermediate retaining clamp 16 mentioned in connection with Fig. 4, without the nut 13.

Fig. 6 shows a chain-shaped shape of the stair structure according to the invention disposed between or secured to the starting level 18 and the receiving levels 19. The figure shows that each step 21 has the same height dimension and that the steps 22 have the same width.

Referring to Figure 6, the number of steps between the start level 18 and the receiving level 19 is given by the ratio of the height between the start level 18 and the receiving level 19 and the size of the step height 21. In the event that this quotient gives a fractional number, the angle of the stair structure need only be slightly changed so that the fastening element 7 of the closing stair element is exactly aligned with the receiving level 19 and can thus be fixed by the holes 11.

7-15. Figures 6 to 9 show non-exhaustive lines of the stair structure of the present invention illustrated in various plan views.

Fig. 7 illustrates a stair structure according to the invention formed by a rectangular, i.e., straight stairway 24 with two supports 23, and Fig. 8 illustrates a stair structure 23 according to the invention with a bracket stair 24 with two supports. Fig. 9 illustrates a stair structure with a staggered arm with two stops 23 with a stepped base 24. 7-9. As shown above, two supports 23 are provided. If the stair structure according to the invention is axially different from the straight one, then in the top view of the stair structure the arch of the arch still falls within the static contour line of the stair structure, only two supports are required; rain part to-4191 247 additional 23 supports. 10-15. Figures 1 to 9 show more than two supports 23 in the above aspects.

Fig. 10 shows a stair structure formed by three stepped rails 24 with a straight arm with a broken arm. All. FIGS. 6A to 5B show a substantially U-shaped stair structure with three U-shaped steps 24 with a bent arm 23. Fig. 12 shows a stepped structure 24 with three folded supports 23 with a double-bent arm, the two outriggers 23 of which are on the starting and incoming sides and the third support 23 is located in the middle of the step structure. Fig. 13 shows a stair structure of the invention with a fractured, double-curved, three-leg support 23 with a stair direction 24, where the two extreme supports 23 are located at the starting and arrival points and the middle support 23 is formed in the middle of the stair structure.

Figure 14 illustrates a semi-circular planar stair structure 24 in accordance with the present invention, with the two outermost supports 23 located in close proximity to the starting and receiving levels, while the middle support 23 is located in the center of the stair structure.

Fig. 15 illustrates a semi-elliptical planar stair structure 24 according to the invention, with the two outermost supports 23 in close proximity to the starting and receiving levels and the middle support 23 in the middle of the stair structure.

It will be appreciated that the stair structure of the present invention may be formed with any line, and the figures shown are intended to illustrate some embodiments within the scope of the invention. Of course, within the scope of the invention, many additional stairway guides can be provided.

As emphasized in the previous sections, the dimensioning and calculation of stair support, depending on the shape, weight, load, and load parameters of the stair structure, can be scaled and verified using commonly known classical static calculations.

Claims

Claims (6)

A staircase structure having fasteners for fixing tread casing elements consisting of stepwise repeating metal assemblies; the number of steps shall be the quotient of the level difference and the height of the steps, and any necessary adjustment shall be made to adjust the inclination of the entire stair structure so that the successive steps of The fittings 5 are formed by an additional tube ring element (2) connected to a first tubular ring element (1) by means of neck elements (6), the upper edge of which comprises a further step element connected in series with the pipe sleeve (3) formed on this edge. The lower rim of its first 10 ring members (1) rests; furthermore, brackets (4,5) for securing the stepped casings of stairs are mounted on both sides of the first tubular member (1), characterized in that the stairs are fixed at the edges of the brackets (4,5) by means of holes; and that the retaining member of the stair casings is formed by a spacer plate (8) fixed on the neck members (6), on which the holes (9) for receiving the connector members are formed; furthermore, on the first ring member (1) of the stair element to the lower level A bore cover plate (12) for passing through and securing the lower anchoring clamps (15); furthermore, the stair element assembly connected to the receiving level consists of a bracket (6) fixed to the first tubular ring element (1) and a bracket (7) fixed to the latter, the latter having fasteners passing through the holes (11) thereof. anchored. A stair structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the brackets (4,5) have a length approximately equal to the desired length of the stairs. A stair structure according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that, in the case of an arc shaped stair structure, if the arc of the arch is outside the static contour of the stair structure, the stair structure 35 and at least two intermediate two supports, which can be determined by static scaling in addition to the receiving level fixings. The stair structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, 40 have additional intermediate supports (23) in the vicinity of the fracture. 5. A stair structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that at least one of the stair element elements comprises a first ring element. The length of the neck portion (5) connecting 45 (1) and its further annular member (2) is larger than the length of the other neck members (6) and that the staircase (17) covering this neck member (6) forms a resting position. 6. A stair structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the lower part of the first tubular member (1) and the upper part of the upper tubular member (2) are provided with notches (14) facilitating the planned adjustment of the mounting angle. 9 drawings Published by the National Office of Inventions Responsible for publishing: Zoltán Himer, Head of Department Published by Technical Publisher UNIPROP Advertising Small Cooperative - 58/88