GB2532955A - A nematicidal composition and the use thereof - Google Patents
A nematicidal composition and the use thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2532955A GB2532955A GB1421381.3A GB201421381A GB2532955A GB 2532955 A GB2532955 A GB 2532955A GB 201421381 A GB201421381 A GB 201421381A GB 2532955 A GB2532955 A GB 2532955A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- thiodicarb
- plants
- nematodes
- meloidogyne
- nematicidal composition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004579 marble Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003750 molluscacide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002013 molluscicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000005673 monoalkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005615 natural polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005645 nematicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000018343 nutrient deficiency Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002888 oleic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000008262 pumice Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N taurine Chemical class NCCS(O)(=O)=O XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical class [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N47/24—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing the groups, or; Thio analogues thereof
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a nematicidal composition for controlling nematodes in plants, the composition comprising thiodicarb. Also claimed is a method of controlling nematodes by applying thiodicarb to the locus of a plant, and the use of thiodicarb in controlling nematodes and improving the growth of plants and/or plant parts. Preferably the nematode is one of Pratylenchus zeae, Meloidogyne javanica, Pratylenchus brachyurus, Meloidogyne exigua, Meloidogyne incognita, Heterodera glycines or Rotylenchulus reniformis and the plants are selected from sugarcane, soybean, coffee, cotton and corn.
Description
A NEMATICIDAL COMPOSITION AND THE USE THEREOF
The present invention relates to a nematicidal composition. The present invention also relate to the use of the aforementioned composition in controlling nematodes, including Pratylenchus zeae, Meloidogyne javanica, Pratylenchus brachyurus, Meloidogyne exigua, Meloidogyne incognita, Heterodera glycines, Rotylenchulus reniformis nematodes, and improving the growth of plants and/or plant parts.
Nematodes are small worms which are almost transparent and invisible to the naked eye. Nemotades are generally from 0.3 to 3.0 millimeters in length. Although nematodes are small in size, they cause about 12% of the annual losses to agricultural production, which corresponds to millions of dollars in lost crops (SASSER & FRECKMAN, 1987). Nematodes typically feed on the roots or shoots of plants. They reduce absorption and transportation of water and nutrients. A range of plants can be host to nematodes, including such crops as sugarcane, soybean, corn, coffee, and cotton.
Nematodes attack in the field in the form of spots/coppices and rarely spread throughout the field. The plants being attacked by nematodes may show symptoms of nutritional deficiency and reduced or slower development than healthy plants. Sampling and carrying out laboratorial analyses of soil and roots are required for confirmation of the existence of nematodes.
Current methods for controlling nematodes are very limited. One example of a commonly applied treatment is exposing infested soil to heat by the use of steam. However, steam treatment is technically difficult and costly for general application in the field.
Accordingly, there is a significant need for an improved technique for controlling nematodes in crops, in particular a nematicidal composition and a method of controlling nematodes, as well as other plant pests and pathogens. It would be an advantage if the nematicidal composition is easy to use and less costly to produce and employ than known treatment techniques.
It has now surprisingly been found that thiodicarb exhibits high activity in 30 controlling a range of nematodes in plants, including such nematodes as Pratylenchus zeae, Meloidogyne javanica, Pratylenchus brachyurus, Meloidogyne exigua, Meloidogyne incognita, Heterodera glycines, Rotylenchulus reniformis nematodes. It has been found that thiodicarb is particularly effective in controlling nematodes in non-transgenic plants, such as sugarcane, soybean, cotton, corn and coffee. Moreover, a nematicidal composition comprising thiodicarb has been found to improve the growth of plants and/or plant parts.
Accordingly, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a nematicidal composition for controlling nematodes in plants, the composition comprising thiodicarb.
In a further aspect, the present invention provides the use of thiodicarb in the control of nematodes in plants.
In a still further aspect, the present invention provides a method for controlling nematodes in plants at a locus comprising applying to the locus thiodicarb.
Further still, the present invention provides a method of improving the growth of plants or parts thereof comprising applying to the plants or parts thereof thiodicarb.
The present invention further provides the use of thiodicarb to improve the growth of plants or parts thereof.
Thiodicarb, having a chemical name of 3,7,9,13-tetramethy1-5,11-dioxa-2,8,14-trithia-4,7,9, 12-tetra-azapentadeca-3,12-diene-6,10-dione, is one of the carbamates having the following chemical structure: H3C 0 \ i H3C S N C CH3 \ / \ / O=N-0 S 0-N=O / N / N H 3 C C N S CH3 F \ ID cH3 Thiodicarb as an insecticide was reported by A. A. Sousa et al. (J. Econ. Entomol., 1977, 70, 803) and reviewed by H. S. Yang & D. E. Thurman (Proc. Br. Crop Prot. Conf. -Pests Dis., 1981, 3, 687).
"Plant" as used herein, refers to all plant and plant populations such as desired and undesired wild plants, crop plants, non-transgenic plants, but does not include transgenic plants.
"Plant parts" as used herein, refers to all parts and organs of plants, such as shoots, leaves, needles, stalks, stems, fruit bodies, fruits, seeds, roots, tubers and rhizomes. Harvested material, and vegetative and generative propagation material, for example cuttings, tubers, meristem tissue, rhizomes, offsets, seeds, single and multiple plant cells and any other plant tissue, are also included.
"Surrounding" as used herein, refers to the place on which the plants are growing, the place on which the plant propagation materials of the plants are sown or the place on which the plant propagation materials of the plants will be sown.
"Nematodes" as used herein, refer to plant nematodes, that is plant parasitic nematodes that cause damage to plants. Plant nematodes encompass plant parasitic nematodes and nematodes living in the soil.
"Improving the growth" or "increase the growth" refers to a measurable amount of increased growth of the plant over the growth of the same plant under the same condition, but without the application of the nematicidal composition of the present invention.
The growth of the plant can be increased by at least about 1%, 2%, 4%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 50%, 75%, 100%, 150% or 200%, by applying the composition or method of the present invention.
Further, the present invention may be used to improve the yield of the plants being protected. The yield can be measured by means of, but not limited to, the yield of a product; plant weight; fresh weight of the plant or any parts of the plant; dry weight of the plant or any parts of the plant; specific ingredients of the plant including, without limitation, sugar content, starch content, oil content, protein content, vitamin content; leaf area; stem volume; plant height; shoot height; root length; fresh matter of shoots; fresh matter of roots; or any methods which are apparent to the person skilled in the art.
In one aspect, the present invention provides a nematicidal composition comprising an effective amount of thiodicarb for controlling and combating nematodes in plants. The composition is particularly effective in the control of Pratylenchus zeae, Meloidogyne javanica, Pratylenchus brachyurus, Meloidogyne exigua, Meloidogyne incognita, Heterodera glycines, Rotylenchulus reniformis nematodes in plants, plant parts and/or their surrounding.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of controlling and combating nematodes in plants by applying to the plants, plant parts, or their surrounding thiodicarb in a nematicidal amount. As noted above, the method is particularly effective in the control of Pratylenchus zeae, Meloidogyne javanica, Pratylenchus brachyurus, Meloidogyne exigua, Meloidogyne incognita, Heterodera glycines, Rotylenchulus reniformis.
Application of the composition or method of the present invention to plants, plant parts or their surroundings increases the growth and/or yield of the plant. Consequently, the composition and method of the present invention may also be considered as being for increasing the growth and/or yield of a plant.
In one embodiment, the plants or their surrounding being treated by the method or composition are infested with nematodes, in particular the aforementioned nematodes.
In the present invention, nematodes in plants are controlled by the application of thiodicarb. Thiodicarb is typically applied by way of a composition. Thiodicarb may be present in the composition in any suitable amount. In some embodiments of the invention, thiodicarb is present in an amount of from about 1 % to about 90 % by weight, preferably from about 10% to about 85%, more preferably from about 20% to about 80%.
The nematicidal composition and method according to the present invention are suitable for treating plants of a wide range of crops, including: cereals, for example wheat, barley, rye, oats, corn, rice, sorghum, triticale and related crops; fruit, such as pomes, stone fruit and soft fruit, for example apples, grapes, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, pistachio, and cherries, and berries, for example strawberries, raspberries and blackberries; leguminous plants, for example beans, lentils, peas, and soybeans; sugarcanes; oil plants, for example rape, mustard, and sunflowers; cucurbitaceae, for example marrows, cucumbers, and melons; fibre plants, for example cotton, flax, hemp, and jute; citrus, for example calamondin, citrus citron, citrus hybrids, including chironja, tangelo, and tangor, grapefruit, kumquat, lemon, lime, mandarin (tangerine), sour orange, sweet orange, pummelo, and satsuma mandarin; vegetables, for example spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbages, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, and paprika; coffee; as well as ornamentals, such as flowers, for example roses, shrubs, broad-leaved trees and evergreens, for example conifers.
In some embodiments, the nematicidal composition and method of the present invention are applied to non-transgenic plants. In certain embodiments, the nematicidal composition and method of the present invention are employed to treat leguminous plants, sugarcanes, fibre plants, cereals and coffee. In some embodiments, the nematicidal composition and method of the present invention are employed to treat soybean, sugarcane, cotton, corn and coffee.
In particular, the nematicidal composition and the methods of the present invention may be applied in controlling nematodes and other plant pests and pathogens, for example Pratylenchus zeae, Meloidogyne javanica, Pratylenchus brachyurus, Meloidogyne exigua, Meloidogyne incognita, Heterodera glycines, Rotylenchulus reniformis in soybean, sugarcane, cotton, corn and coffee.
The nematicidal composition comprising thiodicarb may optionally comprise one or more auxiliaries. The auxiliaries employed in the nematicidal composition will depend upon the type of formulation and/or the manner in which the formulation is to be applied by the end user. Formulations incorporating the nematicidal composition of the present invention are described hereinafter. Suitable auxiliaries which may be comprised in the composition according to the invention are all customary formulation adjuvants or components, such as extenders, carriers, solvents, surfactants, stabilizers, anti-foaming agents, anti-freezing agents, preservatives, antioxidants, colorants, thickeners, solid adherents and inert fillers. Such auxiliaries are known in the art and are commercially available Their use in the formulation of the compositions of the present invention will be apparent to the person skilled in the art.
The nematicidal composition may comprise one or more inert fillers. Such inert fillers are known in the art and available commercially. Suitable fillers in the form of a solid include, for example, natural ground minerals, such as kaolins, aluminas, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite, and diatomaceous earth, or synthetic ground minerals, such as highly dispersed silicic acid, aluminium oxide, silicates, and calcium phosphates and calcium hydrogen phosphates. Suitable inert fillers for granules include, for example, crushed and fractionated natural minerals, such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite, and dolomite, or synthetic granules of inorganic and organic ground materials, as well as granules of organic material, such as sawdust, coconut husks, corn cobs, and tobacco stalks.
The nematicidal composition may comprise one or more surfactants, which are preferably non-ionic, cationic and/or anionic in nature, and surfactant mixtures which have good emulsifying, dispersing and wetting properties, depending on the nature of the active compound to be formulated. Suitable surfactants are known in the art and are commercially available. Suitable anionic surfactants can be both so-called water-soluble soaps and water-soluble synthetic surface-active compounds. Soaps which may be used include the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or substituted or unsubstituted ammonium salts of higher fatty acid (Clo to C22), for example the sodium or potassium salt of oleic or stearic acid, or of natural fatty acid mixtures. The surfactant can be an emulsifier, dispersant or wetting agent of ionic or non-ionic type. Examples which may be used are salts of polyacrylic acids, salts of lignosulfonic acid, salts of phenylsulphonic or naphthalenesulphonic acids, polycondensates of ethylene oxide with fatty alcohols or with fatty acids or with fatty amines, substituted phenols, especially alkylphenols, sulphosuccinic ester salts, taurine derivatives, especially alkyltaurates, or phosphoric esters of polyethoxylated phenols or alcohols. The presence of at least one surfactant is generally required when the active compound and/or the inert carrier and/or an auxiliary/adjuvant are insoluble in water and the vehicle for the final application of the composition is water.
The nematicidal composition may comprise one or more polymeric stabilizers. The suitable polymeric stabilizers that may be used in the present invention include, but are not limited to, polypropylene, polyisobutylene, polyisoprene, copolymers of monoolefins and diolefins, polyacrylates, polystyrene, polyvinyl acetate, polyurethanes or polyamides. Suitable stabilizers are known in the art and are commercially available.
The surfactants and polymeric stabilizers mentioned above are generally believed to impart stability to the composition, in turn allowing the composition to be formulated, stored, transported and applied.
Suitable anti-foam agents for use in the composition include all substances which can normally be used for this purpose in agrochemical compositions. Suitable anti-foam agents are known in the art and are available commercially. Particularly preferred antifoam agents are mixtures of polydimethylsiloxanes and perfluroalkylphosphonic acids, such as the silicone anti-foam agents available from GE or Compton.
Suitable organic solvents may be selected from all customary organic solvents which thoroughly dissolve the active compounds employed. Again, suitable organic solvents for the active ingredient are known in the art. The following may be mentioned as being preferred: N-methyl pyrrolidone, N-octyl pyrrolidone, cyclohexy1-1-pyrrolidone; or a mixture of paraffinic, isoparaffinic, cycloparaffinic and aromatic hydrocarbons (commercially available as SOLVESSOTm200). Suitable solvents are commercially available.
Suitable preservatives for use in the composition include all substances which can normally be used for this purpose in agrochemical compositions of this type and again are well known in the art. Suitable examples that may be mentioned include PREVENTOL® (from Bayer AG) and PROXEL® (from Bayer AG).
Suitable antioxidants are all substances which can normally be used for this purpose in agrochemical compositions, as is known in the art. Preference is given to butylated hydroxytoluene.
Suitable thickeners include all substances which can normally be used for this purpose in agrochemical compositions, for example xanthan gum, PVOH, cellulose and its derivatives, clay hydrated silicates, magnesium aluminium silicates or a mixture thereof.
Again, such thickeners are known in the art and are available commercially.
The nematicidal composition may further comprise one or more solid adherents. Such adherents are known in the art and are available commercially. They include organic adhesives, including tackifiers, such as celluloses or substituted celluloses, natural and synthetic polymers in the form of powders, granules, or lattices, and inorganic adhesives such as gypsum, silica or cement.
In addition, depending upon the formulation, the composition according to the invention may also comprise water.
In some embodiments of the present invention, thiodicarb may be applied and used in pure form, or, more preferably, together with at least one of the auxiliaries, as described hereinabove.
The nematicidal composition of the present invention may be formulated in different ways, depending upon the circumstances of its use. Suitable formulation types are known in the art and include water-soluble concentrates (SL), emulstifiable concentrates (EC), emulsions (EW), micro-emulsions (ME), oil-based suspension concentrates (OD), flowable suspensions (FS), water-dispersible granules (WG), water- soluble granules (SG), water-dispersible powders (WP), water soluble powders (SP), granules (GR), encapsulated granules (CG), fine granules (FG), macrogranules (GG), aqueous suspo-emulsions (SE), microencapsulated suspensions (CS), microgranules (MG). Preferred formulation types include suspension concentrates (SC) and a water-dispersible granules (WG).
The nematicidal composition of the present invention may also comprise other active ingredients for achieving specific effects, for example, bactericides, fungicides, insecticides, nematicides, molluscicides or herbicides. Alternatively, thiodicarb may be employed in the method of the present invention in combination with one or more such active ingredients. Suitable compounds for providing the aforementioned activities are known in the art and are commercially available. The other active ingredients and thiodicarb may be applied together, for example in a single composition as mentioned above, or separately, for example simultaneously or consecutively, to the surrounding.
In the method of the present invention, thiodicarb, for example by way of the nematicidal composition of the present invention, may be applied to the target plant or plant of interest, to one or more plant parts, or to the surrounding thereof.
In a still further aspect, the present invention provides a method of controlling nematodes and other plant pests and pathogens at the surrounding of the plant, comprising applying to surrounding a nematicidal composition comprising thiodicarb.
As noted above, the use of thiodicarb, for example by way of the aforementioned nematicidal composition comprising an effective amount of thiodicarb, is effective in improving the growth of plants and/or plant parts, in turn increasing the yield of the plants. The method of improving the growth of plants and/or plant parts comprises applying a nematicidal composition comprising an effective amount of thiodicarb to the plants, plant parts and/or their surrounding. In some embodiments, the growth is increased/improved by at least about 5%. In other embodiments, the growth is increased/improved by at least about 10%. In some embodiments, the growth is increased/improved by at least about 20%. In certain embodiments, the growth is increased/improved by at least about 50%.
In general, the nematicidal composition may be prepared and applied such that the nematicidal composition of thiodicarb is applied at any suitable rate, as demanded by the locus to be treated. The application rate may vary within wide ranges and depends upon such factors as the soil constitution, the type of application (foliar application; seed dressing; application in the seed furrow), the target crop plant, the nematodes to be controlled, the climatic circumstances prevailing in each case, and other factors determined by the type of application, timing of application and target crop. In general, the application rates are from 1 to about 3000 g of thiodicarb per hectare (g/ha), in particular from 100 to 3000 g/ha, preferably from 200 to 2500 g/ha.
According to the method of the present invention, the nematicidal composition comprising thiodicarb may be applied in any suitable form, as described above, and applied to the locus where control is desired either in single treatment or in a succession of treatments, preferably applied at short intervals, for example on the same day.
Preferably, the nematicidal composition is applied a plurality of times, in particular from 2 to 5 times, more preferably 3 times.
According to the method of the present invention, the nematicidal composition may be applied at any suitable time. In some embodiments of the present invention, the nematicidal composition is applied to the surrounding of the plant prior to planting, during planting, or after planting. Such a treatment may take place by conventional methods known in the art, for instance, drip-irrigation, spraying, and soil fumigation. In some embodiments, the nematicidal composition is applied to the plant propagation material, such as seeds, for example by seed coating. These application methods and corresponding application machines are known in the art.
Embodiments of the present invention are now described, for illustrative purposes only, by way of the following examples. Where not otherwise specified throughout this specification and claims, percentages are by weight.
Formulation Examples
Example 1 Water-soluble concentrates (SL) Thiodicarb, TWEEN®80 and N-methyl pyrrolidone were mixed in the amounts shown in the following table to obtain a homogenous solution.
Thiodicarb 20 g TWEEN®80 (Sorbitan monooleate ethoxylate) 10 g N-methyl pyrrolidone balance to 100 g Example 2 Emulsifiable concentrates (EC) An emulsifiable concentrate was prepared having the composition set out in the following table: Thiodicarb 40 g TWEEN°80 (Sorbitan monooleate ethoxylate) 10 g Calcium dodecylphenylsulfonate (703) 4 g SOLVESSOTm200 20 g N-methyl pyrrolidone balance to 100 g Example 3 Water-dispersible powders (WP) A water dispersible powder was prepared having the composition in the following
table:
Thiodicarb 50 g DISPERSOGEN161494 condensation) (sodium salt of a cresol-formaldehyde 5g Kaolin balance to 100 g Example 4 Water-dispersible granules (WG) A water dispersible granule formulation was prepared having following composition summarized in the following table: Thiodicarb 80 g Poly vinyl alcohol 2 g DISPERSOGEN161494 condensation) (sodium salt of a cresol-formaldehyde 5g Kaolin balance to 100 g With the water-dispersible granule, an aqueous suspension of required concentration was obtained by dilution of the water dispersible granule with an appropriate amount of water.
Example 5 Suspension concentrate (SC) An aqueous suspension concentrate formulation was prepared having the composition set out in the following table: Thiodicarb 35 g DISPERSOGEN84387 (anionic polymeric ester) 5 g Propylene glycol 5 g Xanthan Gum 0.2g NIPACIDE BIT 20 0.2g Silicone oil 0.5g Water balance to 100 g Example 6 Water-dispersible granules (WG) A water-dispersible granule formulation was prepared having the composition summarized in the following table: Thiodicarb 35 g Poly vinyl alcohol 2 g DISPERSOGEN61494 condensation) (sodium salt of a cresol-formaldehyde 5g Kaolin balance to 100 g Example 7 Water-dispersible granule (WG) A water dispersible granule was prepared having the composition set out in the following table: Thiodicarb 70 g Poly vinyl alcohol 2 g DISPERSOGEN 1494(sodium condensation) salt of a cresol-formaldehyde 59 Kaolin balance to 1009
S
Example 8 Flowable seed treatment (FS) A flowable seed treatment was prepared having the composition set out in the
following table:
Thiodicarb 35 g DISPERSOGEN64387 (anionic polymeric ester) 5 g Propylene glycol 5g Xanthan Gum 0.2g NIPACIDE BIT 20 0.2g Silicone oil 0.5g Poly vinyl pyrrolidone 4g Carmoisine 12 g Water balance to 100 g Example 9 Water-dispersible granule (WG) A water dispersible granule was prepared having the composition set out in the following table: Thiodicarb 60 g Poly vinyl alcohol 2 g DISPERSOGEN 1494(sodium condensation) salt of a cresol-formaldehyde 5 g Kaolin balance to 100 g
S
Example 10 Oil-in-water emulsion (EW) An oil-in-water emulsion formulation was prepared having the composition set out in the following table: Thiodicarb 30 g SOLVESSO®200 20 g EL360 (ethoxylated soybean oil) 5 g 70B (calcium dodecylphenylsulfonate) 3 g Water balance to 100 g Example 11 Suspension concentrate (SC) A suspension formulation was prepared having the composition set out in the following table: Thiodicarb 45 g DISPERSOGEN84387 (anionic polymeric ester) 5 g Propylene glycol 5 g Xanthan Gum 0.2g NIPACIDE BIT 20 0.2g Silicone oil 0.5g Water balance to 100 g
Biological Examples
Example 1 -Sugarcane -Pratylenchus zeae A nematode inoculum was prepared from a pure subpopulation of Pratylenchus zeae recovered from sugarcane crops located in Pacaembii-State of Sao Paulo-Brazil. The subpopulation was multiplied from corn plants (Zea mays L.) "DKB 390 PRO" in clay recipients in a greenhouse. The subpopulation was previously identified based on morphological characters of adult females mounted in temporary slides by using a dicotomic key created by SANTOS et al. (2005).
3 mL samples of the compositions indicated in Table 1 were applied uniformly on the soil and around the roots of the sugarcane plants. Thereafter, the roots of the sugarcane plants were inoculated with 10 mL of a suspension containing Pratylenchus zeae in various developmental stages, after which the roots were covered with soil. 5 replicates were carried out.
Table 1.
Samples Content (gram of thiodicarb per ha) 1. Thiodicarb 350 SC (2 L/ha) 700 2. Thiodicarb 350 SC (4 L/ha) 1400 3. Thiodicarb 350 SC (6 L/ha) 2100 4. Thiodicarb 800 WG (1.75 kg/ha) 1400 5. Control (with nematodes) 0 6. Control (without nematodes) 0 After 15 and 30 days, the phytotoxic effects of the treatment were evaluated. No symptoms of phytotoxicity in the sugarcane plants were observed.
The shoot height of the sugarcane plants and the fresh matter of shoots of the plants were measured 90 days after application. The results are set out in Table 2.
Table 2.
Samples Shoot Height (cm) Fresh Matter of Shoot (g) Day 90 (Days after application) 1. Thiodicarb 350 SC (2 L/ha) 32.52 95.00 2. Thiodicarb 350 SC (4 L/ha) 32.12 109.80 3. Thiodicarb 350 SC (6 L/ha) 32.00 120.00 4. Thiodicarb 800 WG (1.75 kg/ha) 32.50 104.40 5. Control (with 21.30 59.60 nematodes) 6. Control (without 22.82 62.40 nematodes) The number of Pratylenchus zeae in various developmental stages in 10 gram samples of the roots of the sugarcane plants were counted after 45 and 90 days. The results are set out in Table 3 below.
Table 3.
Samples Number of Pratylenchus zeae in various development stages in grams of roots Day 45 (Days after application) Day 90 (Days after application) 1. Thiodicarb 350 SC (2 L/ha) 98.21 48.50 2. Thiodicarb 350 SC (4 L/ha) 46.98 24.40 3. Thiodicarb 350 SC (6 L/ha) 71.22 77.90 4. Thiodicarb 800 WG (1.75 kg/ha) 31.41 48.40 5. Control (with nematodes) 292.73 1142.40 As can be seen, treatment of the sugarcane plants with thiodicarb significantly reduced the nematode count, compared with the Control. The sugarcane plants exhibited significantly greater shoot growth following treatment with thiodicarb than the Controls.
Example 2 -Sugarcane -Pratylenchus zeae A nematode inoculum was prepared from a pure subpopulafion of Pratylenchus zeae recovered from sugarcane crops located in PacaembO-State of Sao Paulo-Brazil. The subpopulation was multiplied from corn plants (Zea mays L.) "DKB 390 PRO" in clay recipients in a greenhouse. The subpopulallon was previously identified based on morphological characters of adult females mounted in temporary slides by using a dicotomic key created by SANTOS et al. (2005).
3 mL samples of the compositions set out Table 4 were applied uniformly on the soil and around the roots of the plants. Thereafter, the roots of the sugarcane plants were inoculated with 10 mL of a suspension containing Pratylenchus zeae in various developmental stages, after which the roots were covered with soil. 5 replicates were carried out.
Table 4.
Samples Content (gram of thiodicarb per ha) 1. Thiodicarb 350 SC (6 L/ha) 2100 2. Control (with nematodes) 0 The number of nematode eggs in the roots of the plants was counted 135 days after inoculation. The results are set out in Table 5 below.
Table 5.
Samples Number of eggs of nematodes in roots Day 135 (Days after application) 1. Thiodicarb 350 SC (6 L/ha) 48.00 2. Control (with nematodes) 1696.00 As can be seen, treatment of the sugarcane plants with thiodicarb significantly reduced the nematode egg count, compared with the Control.
Example 3-Sugarcane -Meloidogyne javanica and Pratylenchus zeae A nematode inoculum was prepared from a pure subpopulation of Meloidogyne javanica kept in soybean plants (Glycine max L.) in clay recipients in a greenhouse. The subpopulation was previously identified based on morphological characters of perineal patterns prepared as per TAYLOR & NETSCHER (1974), on the morphology of the mouth region of males (EISENBACK et al., 1981), and on the isoenzymatic phenotype for esterasis obtained by the technique by ESBENSHADE & TRIANTAPHYLLOU (1990), using a traditional vertical electropheresis system, namely Mini Protean II by BIO-RAD.
3 mL samples of the compositions summarised in Table 6 below were applied uniformly on the soil and around the roots at the rate indicated in the table. Thereafter, the roots of teh sugarcane plants were inoculated with 10 mL of a suspension containing 5000 eggs (Pratylenchus zeae and Meloidogyne javanica) and second-stage juveniles of Meloidogyne javanica, after which the roots were covered with soil. 5 replicates were carried out. In addition, upon analysis, Meloidogyne javanica, and Pratylenchus zeae were also found in the suspension of extracted roots.
Table 6.
Samples Content (gram of thiodicarb per ha) 1. Thiodicarb 350 SC (2 L/ha) 700 2. Thiodicarb 350 SC (4 L/ha) 1400 3. Thiodicarb 350 SC (6 L/ha) 2100 4. Thiodicarb 800 WG (1.75 kg/ha) 1400 5. Control (with nematodes) 0 6. Control (without nematodes) 0 After 15 and 30 days, the phytotoxic effects of the treatment were evaluated. No symptoms of phytotoxicity in the sugarcane plants were observed.
The shoot height of the sugarcane plants was measured 100 days after application. The results are set out in Table 7 below.
Table 7.
Samples Shoot Height (cm) Day 100 (Days after application) 1. Thiodicarb 350 SC (2 L/ha) 57.16 2. Thiodicarb 350 SC (4 L/ha) 68.54 3. Thiodicarb 350 SC (6 L/ha) 69.24 4. Thiodicarb 800 WG (1.75 kg/ha) 74.12 5. Control (with nematodes) 47.60 6. Control (without nematodes) 52.34 The number of Meloidogyne javanica in various developmental stages in the roots; the number of Meloidogyne javanica in various developmental stages in 10 grams of roots; the number of Pratylenchus zeae in various developmental stages in 10 grams of roots; and the number of eggs of nematodes in the roots were counted 100 days after application. The results are set out in Table 8 below.
Table 8.
Samples Number of Number of Number of Number of Meloidogyne Meloidogyne Pratylenchus eggs of javanica in javanica in zeae in nematodes in various various various roots development development development stages in stages in 10 stages in 10 roots grams of grams of roots roots Day 100 (Days after application) 1. Thiodicarb 350 SC (2 L/ha) 25.00 0.80 13.41 54.00 2. Thiodicarb 350 SC (4 L/ha) 15.00 0.70 25.92 55.00 3. Thiodicarb 350 SC (6 L/ha) 682.00 67.90 109.78 5040.00 4. Thiodicarb 800 WG (1.75 kg/ha) 8.00 0.60 20.20 146.00 5. Control (with nematodes) 3808.00 313.90 100.42 12160.00 As can be seen, treatment of the sugarcane plants with thiodicarb significantly reduced the nematode count, compared with the Control. The sugarcane plants exhibited significantly greater shoot growth following treatment with thiodicarb than the Controls.
S
Example 4 -Soybean -Meloidogyne javanica A nematode inoculum was prepared from a pure subpopulabon of Meloidogyne javanica kept from tomato (Solanum lycopersicom L.) in clay recipients in a greenhouse. The subpopulation was previously identified based on morphological characters of perineal patterns prepared as per TAYLOR & NETSCHER (1974), on the morphology of the mouth region of males (EISENBACK et al., 1981), and on the isoenzymatic phenotype for esterasis obtained by the technique by ESBENSHADE & TRIANTAPHYLLOU (1990), using a traditional vertical electropheresis system, namely Mini Protean II by BIO-RAD.
A suspension containg eggs and second stage jveniles (J2) was prepared from the tomato roots. 10mL of the suspension was inoculated with eggplant for 22 days.
Thereafter, the eggplant was transplanted to pots and kept in the greenhouse. After 100 days, the roots of the eggplant were washed and ground in a blender with a solution of 0.5% sodium hypochlorite. The suspension was then passed through a sieve of 200 mesh (0.074 mm openings) on 500 (0.025 mm openings). The eggs and juveniles retained on the 500 mesh sieve were collected and washed.
Soybean seeds were treated with the compositions indicated in Table 9. The seeds were then inoculated with 3 mL of a suspension containing 5,000 eggs and second stage juveniles of Meloidogyne javanica.
Table 9.
Samples Content (gram of thiodicarb per 100kg of seed) 1. Thiodicarb 350 SC (650 m L) 227.5 2. Thiodicarb 350 SC (900 m L) 315 3. Control (with nematode) 0 4. Control (without nematode) 0 19 days after sowing, the phytotoxic effects of the treatment were evaluated. No symptoms of phytotoxicity in the soybean plants were observed.
The number of galls on 10 grams of roots of the soybean plants was counted 52 days after sowing. The results are set out in Table 10 below.
Table 10.
Samples Number of galls on 10 grams of roots Day 52 (Days after sowing) 1. Thiodicarb 350 SC (227.5 g 5.6 Thiodicarb per 100 kg of seed) 2. Thiodicarb 350 SC (315 g 0.0 Thiodicarb per 100 kg of seed) 3. Control (with nematode) 33.6 The number of eggs and Meloidogyne javanica in 10 grams of soybean roots were counted 52 days after sowing. The results are set out in Table 11 below.
Table 11.
Samples Number of eggs and Meloidogyne javanica in 10 grams of roots Day 52 (Days after sowing) 1. Thiodicarb 350 SC (227.5 g 1231 Thiodicarb per 100 kg of seed) 2. Thiodicarb 350 SC (315 g 2107 Thiodicarb per 100 kg of seed) 3. Control (with nematode) 5475 The root length of the soybean plants was measured 52 and 90 days after application. The results are set out in Table 12 below.
Table 12.
Samples Root length (cm) Day 52 (Days after application) Day 90 (Days after application) 1. Thiodicarb 350 SC (227.5 g Thiodicarb per 100 kg of seed) 27.5 29.1 2. Thiodicarb 350 SC (315 g Thiodicarb per 100 kg of seed) 23.0 25.6 3. Control (with 19.1 21.7 nematodes) 4. Control (without 19.0 16.5 nematodes) As can be seen, treatment of the soybean plants with thiodicarb significantly reduced the nematode count, compared with the Control. The soybean plants exhibited significantly greater root growth following treatment with thiodicarb than the Control.
S
Example 5 -Coffee -Pratylenchus brachyurus A nematode inoculum was prepared from a pure subpopulation of Pratylenchus brachyurus kept in soybean plants (Glycine max L.) in clay recipients in a greenhouse.
The subpopulation was previously identified based on morphological characters of perineal patterns, on the morphology of the mouth region, and on the isoenzymatic phenotype for esterasis.
3 mL samples of the compositions summarised in Table 13 below were applied uniformly on the soil and around the roots at the rates indicated in the table. Thereafter, the roots of the young coffee plants were inoculated with 10 mL of a suspension containing Pratylenchus brachyurus in various developmental stages, after which the roots were covered with soil. 5 replicates were carried out.
Table 13.
Samples Content (gram of thiodicarb per ha) 1. Thiodicarb 350 SC (650 mL) 227.5 2. Thiodicarb 350 SC (900 mL) 315 3. Control (with nematodes) 0 4. Control (without nematodes) 0 After 15 and 30 days, the phytotoxic effects of the treatment were evaluated. No symptoms of phytotoxicity in the coffee plants were observed.
The root length of the coffee plants was measured 52 and 90 days after application. The results are set out in Table 14 below.
Table 14.
Samples Root length (cm) Day 52 (Days after application) Day 90 (Days after application) 1. Thiodicarb 350 SC (2 L/ha) 25.47 30.14 2. Thiodicarb 350 SC (4 L/ha) 25.80 30.70 3. Control (with nematodes) 20.45 24.10 4. Control (without nematodes) 21.47 25.60 The number of Pratylenchus brachyurus in various development stages in the roots of the coffee plants were counted 52 and 90 days after application. The results are set out in Table 15 below.
Table 15.
Samples Number of Pratylenchus brachyurus in various development stages in 10 grams of roots Day 52 (Days after application) Day 90 (Days after application) 1. Thiodicarb 350 SC (2 L/ha) 25.32 11.81 2. Thiodicarb 350 SC (4 L/ha) 30.44 10.02 3. Control (with nematode) 302.78 890.70 As can be seen, treatment of the coffee plants with thiodicarb significantly reduced the nematode count, compared with the Control. The coffee plants exhibited significantly greater root growth following treatment with thiodicarb than the Control.
Example 6 -Coffee -Meloidogyne exigua A nematode inoculum was prepared from a pure subpopulation of Meloidogyne exigua in tomato (Solanum lycopersicom L.) in clay recipients in a greenhouse. The subpopulation was previously identified based on morphological characters of perineal patterns, on the morphology of the mouth region, and on the isoenzymatic phenotype for esterasis.
3 mL samples of the compositions summarised in Table 16 were applied uniformly on the soil and around the roots at the application rates indicated in the table. Thereafter, the roots of the young coffee plant were inoculated with 10 mL of a suspension containing Meloidogyne exigua in various developmental stages, after which the roots were covered with soil. 5 replicates were carried out.
Table 16.
Samples Content (gram of thiodicarb per ha) 1. Thiodicarb 350 SC (2 L/ha) 700 2. Thiodicarb 350 Sc (4 L/ha) 1400 3. Control (with nematodes) 0 4. Control (without nematodes) 0 After 15 and 30 days, the phytotoxic effects of the treatment were evaluated. No symptoms of phytotoxicity in the coffee plants were observed.
The shoot height of the coffee plants was measured 100 days after application.
The results are set out in Table 17 below.
Table 17.
Samples Shoot Height (cm) Day 100 (Days after application) 1. Thiodicarb 350 SC (2 L/ha) 37.14 2. Thiodicarb 350 SC (4 L/ha) 46.51 3. Control (with nematodes) 25.37 4. Control (without nematodes) 28.62 The number of Meloidogyne exigua in various development stages in the roots of the coffee plants was counted 52 and 90 days after application. The results are set out in Table 18 below.
Table 18.
Samples Number of Meloidogyne exigua in various development stages in 10 grams of roots Day 52 (Days after application) Day 90 (Days after application) 1. Thiodicarb 350 SC (2 L/ha) 20.30 5.79 2. Thiodicarb 350 SC (4 L/ha) 19.45 6.02 3. Control 267.41 904.32 As can be seen, treatment of the coffee plants with thiodicarb significantly reduced the nematode count, compared with the Control. The coffee plants exhibited significantly greater shoot growth following treatment with thiodicarb than the Controls.
Example 7-Cotton -Meloidogyne incognita A nematode inoculum was prepared from a pure subpopulabon of Meloidogyne incognita in tomato (Solanum lycopersicom L.)in clay recipients in a greenhouse. The subpopulation was previously identified based on morphological characters of perineal patterns, on the morphology of the mouth region, and on the isoenzymatic phenotype for esterasis.
3 mL samples of the compositions summarised in Table 19 below were applied uniformly on the soil and around the roots at the rate indicated in the table. Thereafter, the roots of the cotton plants were inoculated with 10 mL of a suspension containing Meloidogyne incognita in various developmental stages, after which the roots were covered with soil. 5 replicates were carried out.
Table 19.
Samples Content (gram of thiodicarb per ha) 1. Thiodicarb 800 WG (1.75 kg/ha) 1400 2. Control (with nematodes) 0 3. Control (without nematodes) 0 After 15 and 30 days, the phytotoxic effects of the treatment were evaluated. No symptoms of phytotoxicity in the cotton plants were observed.
The fresh root matter was measured 90 days after application. The results are set out in Table 20 below.
Table 20.
Samples Fresh Matter of Root (g) Day 90 (Days after application) 1. Thiodicarb 800 WG (1.75 kg/ha) 46.20 2. Control (with nematodes) 39.40 3. Control (without nematodes) 42.14 io The number of galls on 10 grams of roots was measured 90 days after application.
The results are set out in Table 21 below.
Table 21.
Samples Number of galls on 10 grams of roots Day 90 (Days after sowing) 1. Thiodicarb 800 WG (1.75 kg/ha) 3.4 2. Control (with nematodes) 25.6 As can be seen, treatment of the cotton plants with thiodicarb significantly reduced the nematode count, compared with the Control. The cotton plants exhibited significantly greater root growth following treatment with thiodicarb than the Controls.
Example 8 -Soybean -Heterodera glycines A nematode inoculum was prepared from a pure subpopulation of Heterodera glycines kept in soybean plants (Glycine max L.) in clay recipients in a greenhouse. The subpopulation was previously identified based on morphological characters of perineal patterns, on the morphology of the mouth region, and on the isoenzymatic phenotype for esterasis.
A suspension containing eggs and second stage jveniles (J2) was prepared from tomato roots. 10mL of the suspension was inoculated with eggplant for 22 days. The eggplant was then transplanted to pots and kept in the greenhouse. After 100 days, the roots of the eggplant were washed and ground in a blender with a solution of 0.5% sodium hypochlorite. The suspension was then passed through a sieve of 200 mesh (0.074 mm openings) on 500 (0.025 mm openings). The eggs and juveniles retained on 500 mesh sieve were collected and washed.
Soybean seeds were treated with the compositions indicated in Table 22. The seeds were then inoculated with 3 mL of a suspension containing 5,000 eggs and second stage juveniles of Heterodera glycines.
Table 22.
Samples Content (gram of thiodicarb per 100kg of seed) 1. Thiodicarb 350 SC (650 m L) 227.5 2. Thiodicarb 350 SC (900 m L) 315 3. Control (with nematodes) 0 4. Control (without nematodes) 0 19 days after sowing, the phytotoxic effects of the treatment were evaluated. No symptoms of phytotoxicity in the soybean plants were observed.
The number of galls on 10 grams of roots of the soybean plants was counted 52 days after sowing. The results are set out in Table 23 below.
Table 23.
Samples Number of galls on 10 grams of roots Day 52 (Days after sowing) 1. Thiodicarb 350 SC (227.5 g 1.2 Thiodicarb per 100 kg of seed) 2. Thiodicarb 350 SC (315 g Thiodicarb per 100 kg of seed) 2.5 3. Control (with nematodes) 29.4 4. Control (without nematodes) 0 The root length of the soybean plants was measured 52 and 90 days after application. The results are set out in Table 24 below.
Table 24.
Samples Root length (cm) Day 52 (Days after application) 1. Thiodicarb 350 SC (227.5 g 28.3 Thiodicarb per 100 kg of seed) 2. Thiodicarb 350 SC (315 g Thiodicarb per 100 kg of seed) 30.2 3. Control (with nematodes) 20.4 4. Control (without nematodes) 21.2 As can be seen, treatment of the soybean plants with thiodicarb significantly reduced the nematode count, compared with the Control. The soybean plants exhibited significantly greater root growth following treatment with thiodicarb than the Controls.
Example 9 -Corn -Rotylenchulus reniformis io A nematode inoculum was prepared from a pure subpopulation of Rotylenchulus reniformis in soybean plants (Glycine max L.) in clay recipients in a greenhouse. The subpopulation was previously identified based on morphological characters of perineal patterns, on the morphology of the mouth region, and on the isoenzymatic phenotype for esterasis.
3 mL samples of the compositions set out in Table 25 were applied uniformly on the soil and around the roots at the application rates indicated in the table Thereafter, the roots of the corn plants were inoculated with 10 mL of a suspension containing Rotylenchulus reniformis in various developmental stages, after which the roots were covered with soil. 5 replicates were carried out.
Table 25.
Samples Content (gram of thiodicarb per ha) 1. Thiodicarb 800 WG (1.75 kg/ha) 1400 2. Control (with nematodes) 0 3. Control (without nematodes) 0 After 15 and 30 days, the phytotoxic effects of the treatment were evaluated. No symptoms of phytotoxicity in the corn plants were observed.
The amount of fresh root matter was measured 90 days after application. The results are set out in Table 26 below.
Table 26.
Samples Fresh Matter of Root (g) Day 90 (Days after application) 1. Thiodicarb 800 WO (1.75 kg/ha) 40.60 2. Control (with nematodes) 31.70 3. Control (without nematodes) 33.10 The number of galls on 10 grams of roots was measured 90 days after application. The results are set out in Table 27 below.
Table 27.
Samples Number of galls on 10 grams of roots Day 90 (Days after sowing) 1. Thiodicarb 800 WG (1.75 kg/ha) 2.2 2. Control (with nematodes) 27.4 As can be seen, treatment of the corn plants with thiodicarb significantly reduced the nematode count, compared with the Control. The corn plants exhibited significantly greater root growth following treatment with thiodicarb than the Controls.
All publications, patents and patent applications cited in this specification are herein incorporated by reference as if each individual publication or patent application were specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. Although the foregoing invention has been described in some detail by way of illustration and example for purposes of clarity of understanding, it will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the teachings of this invention that certain changes and modifications may be made thereto without departing from the spirit or scope of the appended claims.
Claims (23)
- CLAIMS1. A nematicidal composition for controlling nematodes in plants, the composition comprising thiodicarb.
- 2. The nematicidal composition according to claim 1, comprising thiodicarb in an amount of from about 1 % to about 90 % by weight.
- 3. The nematicidal composition according to claim 2, comprising thiodicarb in an amount of from about 10 % to about 85% by weight.
- 4. The nematicidal composition according to claim 3, comprising thiodicarb in an amount of from about 20 % to about 80 °A) by weight.
- 5. The nematicidal composition according to any preceding claim, further comprising one or more extenders, carriers, solvents, surfactants, stabilizers, anti-foaming agents, anti-freezing agents, preservatives, antioxidants, colorants, thickeners, solid adherents or inert fillers.
- 6. The nematicidal composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the composition is formulated as a water-soluble concentrate (SL), an emulsfifiable concentrate (EC), an emulsion (EW), a micro-emulsion (ME), an oil-based suspension concentrate (OD), a flowable suspension (FS), water-dispersible granules (WO), water-soluble granules (SG), a water-dispersible powder (WP), a water soluble powder (SP), granules (OR), encapsulated granules (CO), fine granules (FG), macrogranules (GO), an aqueous suspo-emulsion (SE), a microencapsulated suspension (CS), or microgranules (MG).
- 7. A nematicidal composition substantially as hereinbefore described.
- S. The use of thiodicarb in the control of nematodes in plants.
- 9. A method for controlling nematodes in plants at a locus comprising applying to the locus thiodicarb.S
- 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the control is of Pratylenchus zeae, Meloidogyne javanica, Pratylenchus brachyurus, Meloidogyne exigua, Meloidogyne incognita, Heterodera glycines, Rotylenchulus reniformis.
- 11. The method according to either of claims 9 or 10, wherein the plants and/or their surroundings are infested with at least one nematode.
- 12. The method according to any of claims 9 to 11, wherein the plants are selected from cereals, fruit, leguminous plants, sugarcanes, oil plants, cucurbitaceae, fibre plants, citrus, vegetables, coffee, and ornamentals.
- 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the plants are selected from wheat, barley, rye, oats, corn, rice, sorghum, triticale, pomes, apples, grapes, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, pistachio, cherries, strawberries, raspberries blackberries, beans, lentils, peas, soybeans, rape, mustard, sunflowers, marrows, cucumbers, melons, cotton, flax, hemp, jute, calamondin, citrus citron, chironja, tangelo, tangor, grapefruit, kumquat, lemon, lime, mandarin (tangerine), sour orange, sweet orange, pummelo, satsuma mandarin, spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbages, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, paprika, roses, shrubs, broad-leaved trees and evergreens.
- 14. The method according to any of claim 9 to 13, wherein the control is of Pratylenchus zeae, Meloidogyne javanica, Pratylenchus brachyurus, Meloidogyne exigua, Meloidogyne incognita, Heterodera glycines, or Rotylenchulus reniformis in soybean, sugarcane, cotton, corn or coffee.
- 15. The method according to any of claims 9 to 14, wherein thiodicarb is applied to the locus at an application rate of from 1 to about 3000 g of thiodicarb per hectare (g/ha).
- 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein thiodicarb is applied to the locus at an application rate of from 100 to 3000 g/ha.
- 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein thiodicarb is applied to the locus at an application rate of from 200 to 2500 g/ha.
- 18. The method according to any of claims 9 to 17, comprising applying to the locus a composition according to any of claims 1 to 7.
- 19. A method for increasing the growth of plants or parts thereof comprising applying to the plants or parts thereof thiodicarb.
- 20. The use of thiodicarb to increase the growth of plants or parts thereof.
- 21. A method for controlling nematodes in plants at a locus substantially as hereinbefore described.
- 22. A method for increasing the growth of plants or parts thereof substantially as hereinbefore described.
- 23. The use of thiodicarb substantially as hereinbefore described.
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| GB1421381.3A GB2532955B (en) | 2014-12-02 | 2014-12-02 | Method for controlling nematodes and improving plant growth |
| PCT/CN2015/092258 WO2016086727A1 (en) | 2014-12-02 | 2015-10-20 | A nematicidal composition and the use thereof |
| ARP150103613A AR102565A1 (en) | 2014-12-02 | 2015-11-06 | NEMATICIDE COMPOSITION AND USE OF THE SAME |
| TW104139824A TWI714542B (en) | 2014-12-02 | 2015-11-30 | A nematicidal composition and the use thereof |
| CN201510872777.1A CN105638701B (en) | 2014-12-02 | 2015-12-02 | Nematicidal composition and application thereof |
| BR102015030206A BR102015030206A2 (en) | 2014-12-02 | 2015-12-02 | the nematicidal composition and its use |
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| GB1421381.3A GB2532955B (en) | 2014-12-02 | 2014-12-02 | Method for controlling nematodes and improving plant growth |
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| AR (1) | AR102565A1 (en) |
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| CN108041060B (en) * | 2018-01-03 | 2020-12-22 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Pesticide compound seed coating agent, application thereof and treatment method of corn seeds |
| CN109122706B (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2021-06-15 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Composite medicament for corn seed coating agent, compound corn coating agent and corn seed treatment method |
| CN109601546A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-04-12 | 广东真格生物科技有限公司 | A kind of composition pesticide and its application containing thiodicarb |
| CN111213664A (en) * | 2020-03-02 | 2020-06-02 | 湖州稷盾生物科技有限公司 | Pesticide composition containing thiodicarb and monosultap and application thereof |
| CN113197201B (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2023-02-28 | 潍坊海邦化工有限公司 | Thiedicarb water dispersible granule and production process thereof |
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| CN102365974B (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2013-04-03 | 海南正业中农高科股份有限公司 | Agricultural composition for nematode control and application thereof |
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- 2015-12-02 BR BR102015030206A patent/BR102015030206A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2016086727A1 (en) | 2016-06-09 |
| BR102015030206A2 (en) | 2016-07-05 |
| GB2532955B (en) | 2019-08-14 |
| CN105638701A (en) | 2016-06-08 |
| TWI714542B (en) | 2021-01-01 |
| TW201628500A (en) | 2016-08-16 |
| AR102565A1 (en) | 2017-03-08 |
| GB201421381D0 (en) | 2015-01-14 |
| CN105638701B (en) | 2022-05-13 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20231202 |