GB2415045A - Measuring fitness using pulse wave transit time - Google Patents
Measuring fitness using pulse wave transit time Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2415045A GB2415045A GB0412722A GB0412722A GB2415045A GB 2415045 A GB2415045 A GB 2415045A GB 0412722 A GB0412722 A GB 0412722A GB 0412722 A GB0412722 A GB 0412722A GB 2415045 A GB2415045 A GB 2415045A
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- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- exercise
- transit time
- heart
- recovery
- period
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000035488 systolic blood pressure Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000036772 blood pressure Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 210000000624 ear auricle Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001361 intraarterial administration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002526 effect on cardiovascular system Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007103 stamina Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 210000000748 cardiovascular system Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000747 cardiac effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036314 physical performance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007105 physical stamina Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/026—Measuring blood flow
- A61B5/0285—Measuring or recording phase velocity of blood waves
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/22—Ergometry; Measuring muscular strength or the force of a muscular blow
- A61B5/221—Ergometry, e.g. by using bicycle type apparatus
- A61B5/222—Ergometry, e.g. by using bicycle type apparatus combined with detection or measurement of physiological parameters, e.g. heart rate
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
- A61B5/022—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by applying pressure to close blood vessels, e.g. against the skin; Ophthalmodynamometers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/024—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Measuring Pulse, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure Or Blood Flow (AREA)
Abstract
A method of measuring fitness state of a living body comprises measuring a plurality of values of transit time of a pulse volume wave travelling from the heart to a peripheral body site (e.g fingertip, earlobe) and of another physiological parameter (e.g. systolic blood pressure, heart rate) during a period of exercise and a subsequent period of recovery. Transit time measurements are plotted against the measurements of each of the other parameters with separate lines 65, 67 (71, 73, figure 7) for exercise and recovery. The area 69 (75, figure 7) between the line representing exercise 65 (71, figure 7) and the line representing recovery 67 (73, figure 7) is calculated as a measure of fitness. The area 69 between the exercise and recovery lines 65 and 67 on the transit time versus blood pressure graph indicates exercise stamina, whilst the area (75, figure 7) between the exercise and recovery lines (71 and 73, figure 7) on the transit time versus heart rate graph indicates cardiovascular efficiency. The measurement of the various parameters may be made using a chest belt, blood pressure cuff and a finger photoplethysmograph cuff (figure 2) or a portable handheld device (figures 3 and 4).
Description
METHOD OF MEASURING A STATE OF FITNESS OF A LIVING BODY
This invention relates to a method of measuring a state of fitness of a living body, for example the condition of the complete cardiovascular system of the living body.
Current measurement of fitness factors, for example in consumer products, determines the condition of separate components of the cardiovascular system of a living body.
For example, the time taken for the heart rate of the body to recover to a base level after cessation of exercise is used to measure the performance of the heart itself.
Apparatus to estimate overall fitness level of a body, for example by measuring the maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) during exercise is precise but is laboratory-based, very cumbersome and expensive. As such, maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) measurement is not suitable for use in a consumer device.
There is a need, therefore, for a method of monitoring a body's physical performance which 1S low in cost, easy to use and potentially portable.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method which overcomes or minimizes these 2 - problems such that the measurement of a state of fitness of a living body can more readily be determined.
According to the present invention there is provided a method of measuring a state of fitness of a living body comprising the steps of: measuring, by timing means, a plurality of physiological data in the form of transit times of a pulse volume wave of the body travelling from a heart of the body to a peripheral site of the body remote from the heart whilst the body undergoes a period of increasing intensity exercise and a subsequent period of recovery; measuring a plurality of further physiological data values obtained whilst the body undergoes a period of increasing intensity exercise and a subsequent period of recovery; generating a line representing a relationship between transit time and the further physiological data values for the exercise period, and generating a line representing a relationship between transit time and the further physiological data values for the recovery period; calculating a value for an area between the generated lines of relationship between transit time and the further physiological data values for the exercise period and recovery period; and converting the calculated value for the area between the generated lines of relationship between transit time and the further physiological data values into a measure of the fitness of the body.
The further physiological data may be measurements of the systolic blood pressure of the body, for example measured using an occluding cuff.
In addition, or alternatively, the further physiological data may he measurements of the heart rate of the body.
The timing means may comprise means to detect an EGG signal from the heart such as an it-wave signal, and preferably may comprise means to detect a trigger signal from the EGG signal.
The detection means may comprise chest contacts mounted either in a flexible chestbelt or in the form of two separate self-adhesive contacts.
Alternatively, the detection means may comprise two hand contacts. - 4
The timing means may comprise a means of detecting the arrival of a blood pulse volume wave at the region of the body remote from the heart.
The arrival of a blood pulse volume wave may be detected by a photoplethysmograph. Alternatively, the arrival of a blood pulse volume wave may be detected by a pressure transducer, for example an intraarterlal pressure transducer or a transcutaneous pressure sensor.
The region of the body remote from the heart may be a fingertip or an earlobe.
For a better understanding of the present invention and to show more clearly how it may be carried into effect reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 is a diagram showing an ECG signal and a pulse volume wave used to determine measurements in accordance with the present invention; Flqure 2 is a front view of a user fitted with a first means to detect the ECG signal and pulse volume wave shown in Figure 1; - 5 - Figure 3 is a front view of a portable device of a second means to detect the EGG signal and pulse volume wave signal shown in Figure Figure 4 is a front view of the portable device shown in Figure 3 being held by a user; Figure 5 is a block diagram of electronic circuitry contained within the device shown in Figure 3; Figure 6 is a diagram showing a first comparison of measurements indicating fitness of a living body in accordance with the present invention; and Figure 7 is a diagram showing a second comparison of measurements indicating fitness of a living body in accordance with the present invention.
The present invention concerns the measurement of physiological signals of the cardiovascular system of a living body In response both to increasing exercise intensity and the recovery from that exercise. The measurements enable substantially an overall assessment of the performance of the body to be determined. In particular, the method enables monitor ing of the - 6 cardiovascular efficiency of the body, which determines a state of fitness in the form of exercise stamina.
Figure 1 shows an EGG signal 2 and a pulse volume wave (PVW) 3 which are two physiological signals from which measurements are taken in accordance with the present invention.
In a first embodiment of the invention, measurements are made of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and transit time (TT) of the pulse volume wave (PVW) travelling from the heart to a peripheral site, for example a fingertip, of the body.
The transit time (TT) 4 is measured from the peak 1 of an it-wave of the EGG signal 2 and the 50'', point on the rising edge of the pulse volume wave (PVW). Transit time (TT) measures cardiac contractility and vascular stiffness.
A heart rate (HR) can be calculated from the it-wave to R wave interval (RRI) 5 (see Figure 1), as heart rate is inversely proportional to an itwave to it-wave interval (RRI).
The systolic blood pressure (SBP) is measured, for example every 2 minutes, using a sphygmomanometer by means known to a person skilled in the art.
Apparatus used for measurements in the first embodiment of the invention is shown in Figure 2.
The apparatus measures transit time substantially simultaneously with blood pressure.
The body of a user 20 of the apparatus wears a chestbelt containing two conducting contacts 21 which detect the user's EGG signal and convey the signal to an electronics module 23 via a cable 22.
On one arm of the user is provided an inflatable occluding cuff 24 which is connected to the electronics module 23 via a tube 25. The cuff 24 is used to measure the user's systolic blood pressure by a sphygmomanometer, preferably by an oscillometric technique, known to a person skilled in the art.
Fitted on a finger on the other arm of the user is a photoplethysmograph cuff 26, as known to a person skilled in the art, connected to the electronics module 23 via a cable 27. The photoplethysmograph can be of either a transmissive or reflective type. The photoplethysmograph detects the arrival of a pulse volume wave.
The electronics module is provided with a display 28.
The user undergoes exercise of increasing intensity and subsequently is allowed to recover from the exercise. The physiological signals of the cardiovascular system of a user during exercise and recovery are measured and analysed by the electronics module 23.
The functions of the electronics module 23 are 1) to amplify the ECG and photoplethysmograph signals, 2) to detect the arrival of the it-wave peaks in the user's EGG signal, 3) to measure the time from each it-wave peak to the Is half way (50'.,) point on the rising edge of the pulse volume wave, which is the transit time (TT) shown in Figure 1, 4) to measure the user's systolic blood pressure periodically, 5) to generate a line 65 representing a relationship between measured blood pressure and measured transit time when exercise stress is increasing, to generate a line 67 representing a relationship between measured blood pressure and measured transit time when the user - 9 is recovering, and to calculate a value for the area 69 between the lines 65, 67 (see Figure 6), 6) to generate a line 71 representing a relationship between measured heart rate and measured transit time when exercise stress is increasing, to generate a line 73 representing a relationship between measured heart rate and measured transit time when the user is recovering, and to calculate a value for the area 75 between the lines 71, 73 (see Figure 7), 7) to present on the display 28 a measure of the user's exercise stamina based on the areas 69, 75 calculated in functions 5 and 6 above, 8) to present on the display a measure of the user's cardiovascular efficiency based on the areas 69, 75 calculated in functions 5 and 6 above, and 9) to present on the display the user's heart rate and blood pressure.
The user can control and sequence the electronics module by means of user operable keys 29. - 10
Although the user's ECG signal is described hereinabove as being detected by two conducting contacts 21 in a chestbelt, it should be appreciated that detection means may alternatively be in the form of two separate self adhesive contacts which convey the signal to the electronics module via the cable.
The apparatus used for measurements in the first embodiment of the invention is portable. However, the conducting contacts 21 and the occluding cuff are provided remote from the electronics module 23 and require to the electronics module via the cable 22 and the tube 25 respectively.
Apparatus used in a second embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figure 3. The apparatus is more portable than that used for measurement in the first embodiment of the invention as a case 30 contains all the sensors and electronics required to detect and measure the ECG and pulse volume wave of a user. The case IS designed to be hand held.
The case is provided with a display 34.
The case 30 is provided with ECG detection contacts 31 on opposing ends of the case. Figure 4 shows a user placing his hands 40 on the ECG detection contacts 31.
The ECG detection contacts 31 detect the user's EGG signal between the palm of one hand and the paler of the other hand.
A photoplethysmograph 32 is mounted on a surface of the case at a position which lies naturally under the tip of an index finger 55 of the user, for example on the upper surface of the case, as shown in Figure 4.
The transit time and the heart rate are measured, as described hereinbefore, on every heart beat of the user. As such, a relatively large number of values can be obtained during the measurement period from which lines of relationship between transit time and heart rate can be generated. The transit time and the heart rate are measured substantially simultaneously.
After a complete session of exercise and recovery the electronics in the case 30 calculate a value for the area 75 (shown in Figure 7) between a line 71 representing a relationship between measured heart rate and measured transit time when exercise stress is increasing and a line 73 when the user is recovering.
The calculated area 75 between the lines 71, 73 shown in Figure 7 is converted into a measure of the user's state of - 12 fitness in the form of cardiovascular efficiency and physical stamina and is presented on the display 34.
Other physiological information, for example heart rate, could be presented on the display 34.
The user can control the apparatus by means of user operable keys 33.
A diagram of the electronics contained within the case 30 is shown in Figure 5.
As indicated in Figure 5, the EGG signal from the hand contacts, when the contacts are held by a user, is amplified by an amplifier 50 and high and low frequency components of the signal are removed by a filter circuit 51.
The filtered signal is further processed electronically by a detector 52. The trigger signal resulting from the detector processing is presented to a microcontroller 54 via a connection means 53.
The photoplethysmograph includes a light emitting diode 56 and a phototransistor 57. - 13
The signal from the finger photoplethysmograph 56, 57 is amplified by an amplifier 58. The amplified signal is presented, via connection 59, to the microcontroller 54 where the signal is digitised and processed to extract the time of arrival of the pulse volume wave. The microcontroller regulates a current source 61 to control the current in the light emitting diode 56 of the photoplethysmograph such that the signal amplitude from the phototransistor 57 is within an acceptable range for the digitization process.
On each heart heat of the user, the microcontroller calculates the transit time, which is the time from the EGG trigger pulse to the arrival time of the point on the pulse volume wave which is half way up the leading edge of the wave.
Heart rate in beats per minute is calculated from the intervals between the it-waves of the EGG signal.
As described hereinbefore, Figure 6 shows lines 65, 67 of systolic blood pressure against transit time measured whilst a body underwent increasing intensity exercise and recovery. - 14
Figure 7 shows lines 71, 73 of heart rate against transit time measured whilst a body underwent increasing intensity exercise and recovery.
Both Figures 6 and 7 demonstrate a hysteresis effect such that the line of compared measured data followed while exercise is increased 65, 71 is not retraced during recovery from exercise. As described hereinbefore, the area between the lines, the hysteresis area 69, 75, is calculated and provides a measure of the cardiovascular efficiency of the body tested and thus the state of physical fitness and efficiency of the body.
However, the hysteresis area described hereinabove has no absolute units of fitness or unfitness. Therefore, in use, the method gives a relative estimate of fitness and can be used to monitor fitness change.
In practice, the user performs a standardized exercise routine involving a steadily increasing work load over a fixed duration followed by a period of recovery. The hysteresis area between the lines of compared measured data during exercise and subsequent recovery of a particular routine is measured and stored for comparison with subsequent or earlier identically-taken hysteresis area measurements. From study of the stored values the user can - 15 trace the progress of his or her overall fitness level. In a search for increased fitness the user is looking for a change in the hysteresis area measured.
The measurement of transit time has been described as being measured for the time taken for the arrival of the pulse volume wave at a finger tip. It should be appreciated that any suitable site on the body of a user at which a photoplethysmograph gives a satisfactory signal, and which is sufficiently far removed from the heart to give a sufficiently long transit time for making accurate measurements, can be used. An example of an alternative site to which the pulse volume wave can be timed is an earlobe.
A photoplethysmograph has been described hereinabove as being used to detect the arrival of a pulse volume wave. It should be appreciated that the arrival of a pulse volume wave can alternatively be detected by using a pressure transducer, for example an intra-arterial pressure transducer or a transcutaneous pressure sensor, at the detection site. - 16
Claims (19)
1. A method of measuring a state of fitness of a living body comprising the steps of: measuring, by timing means, a plurality of physiological data in the form of transit times of a pulse volume wave of the body travelling from a heart of the body to a peripheral site of the body remote from the heart whilst the body undergoes a period of increasing intensity exercise and a subsequent period . of recovery; measuring a plurality of further physiological data values obtained whilst the body undergoes a period of : ,' increasing intensity exercise and a subsequent period t.. of recovery; generating a line representing a relationship between transit time and the further physiological data values for the exercise period, and generating a line representing a relationship between. transit time and the further physiological data values for the recovery period; calculating a value for an area between the generated lines of relationship between transit time and the further physiological data values for the exercise period and recovery period; and converting the calculated value for the area between the generated lines of relationship between transit time and the further physiological data values into a measure of the fitness of the body.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the further physiological data are measurements of the systolic blood pressure of the body.
15
3. A method according to claim 2, wherein the systolic : ,. blood pressure of the body is measured using an occluding cuff.
4. A method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the further physiological data are measurements of the heart rate of the body.
5. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein the timing means comprises means to detect an EGG signal from the heart. - 18
6. A method according to claim 5, wherein the EGG signal from the heart is an it-wave signal.
7. A method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the timing means comprises means to detect a trigger signal from the EGG signal.
8. A method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the detection means comprises chest contacts.
9. A method according to claim 8, wherein the chest contacts are mounted in a flexible chestbelt.
10. A method according to claim 8, wherein the chest 15 contacts are in the form of two separate self-adhesive :,,' contacts.
11. A method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the detection means comprises two hand contacts.
12. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein the timing means comprises a means of detecting the arrival of a blood pulse volume wave at the site of the body remote from the heart. - 19
13. A method according to claim 12, wherein the arrival of the blood pulse volume wave is detected by a photoplethysmograph.
14. A method according to claim 12, wherein the arrival of the blood pulse volume wave is detected by a pressure transducer.
15. A method according to claim 14, wherein the pressure transducer is an intra-arterial pressure transducer.
16. A method according to claim 14, wherein the pressure e he transducer is a transcutaneous pressure sensor. c c. c
17. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein the . : ' site of the body remote from the heart is a fingertip. Alga
18. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein the site of the body remote from the heart is an earlobe.
19. A method of measuring a state of fitness of a living body substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0412722A GB2415045B (en) | 2004-06-08 | 2004-06-08 | Method of measuring a state of fitness of a living body |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0412722A GB2415045B (en) | 2004-06-08 | 2004-06-08 | Method of measuring a state of fitness of a living body |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB0412722D0 GB0412722D0 (en) | 2004-07-07 |
| GB2415045A true GB2415045A (en) | 2005-12-14 |
| GB2415045B GB2415045B (en) | 2007-06-06 |
Family
ID=32696828
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0412722A Expired - Fee Related GB2415045B (en) | 2004-06-08 | 2004-06-08 | Method of measuring a state of fitness of a living body |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2415045B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU172903U1 (en) * | 2016-06-02 | 2017-07-31 | Непубличное акционерное общество "Институт кардиологической техники" (ИНКАРТ) | Device for continuous measurement of blood pressure and relative integral extensibility of arterial vessels |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1385382A (en) * | 1971-04-01 | 1975-02-26 | Jaeger E | Ergometer |
| US5931858A (en) * | 1998-01-12 | 1999-08-03 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Implantable device for monitoring aerobic capacity of patients |
| EP1388321A1 (en) * | 2002-08-09 | 2004-02-11 | Instrumentarium Oyj | Method and system for continuous and non-invasive blood pressure measurement |
-
2004
- 2004-06-08 GB GB0412722A patent/GB2415045B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1385382A (en) * | 1971-04-01 | 1975-02-26 | Jaeger E | Ergometer |
| US5931858A (en) * | 1998-01-12 | 1999-08-03 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Implantable device for monitoring aerobic capacity of patients |
| EP1388321A1 (en) * | 2002-08-09 | 2004-02-11 | Instrumentarium Oyj | Method and system for continuous and non-invasive blood pressure measurement |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU172903U1 (en) * | 2016-06-02 | 2017-07-31 | Непубличное акционерное общество "Институт кардиологической техники" (ИНКАРТ) | Device for continuous measurement of blood pressure and relative integral extensibility of arterial vessels |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2415045B (en) | 2007-06-06 |
| GB0412722D0 (en) | 2004-07-07 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 732E | Amendments to the register in respect of changes of name or changes affecting rights (sect. 32/1977) | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20090608 |