GB2406282A - Self-contained underwater re-breathing apparatus having a shortened breathing hose - Google Patents
Self-contained underwater re-breathing apparatus having a shortened breathing hose Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2406282A GB2406282A GB0315650A GB0315650A GB2406282A GB 2406282 A GB2406282 A GB 2406282A GB 0315650 A GB0315650 A GB 0315650A GB 0315650 A GB0315650 A GB 0315650A GB 2406282 A GB2406282 A GB 2406282A
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- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- mouthpiece
- breathing
- inlet
- outlet
- hose
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63C—LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS
- B63C11/00—Equipment for dwelling or working underwater; Means for searching for underwater objects
- B63C11/02—Divers' equipment
- B63C11/18—Air supply
- B63C11/22—Air supply carried by diver
- B63C11/24—Air supply carried by diver in closed circulation
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
Abstract
Self contained underwater re-breathing apparatus comprising a breathing loop, a fresh air injector, a mouthpiece 10 with inlet and outlet valves 23, 24, a scrubber incorporated into the back unit 9 and inhalation and exhalation passages 21, 22 which extend in parallel over at least part of their lengths. Preferably the inhalation and exhalation passages 21, 22 are connected to each other. Alternatively the inhalation and exhalation passages may comprise a single hose divided longitudinally into two sections. Also claimed is a tubular mouthpiece for self-contained underwater re-breathing apparatus which may have inlet and outlet passages positioned at one end and an adjustable pressure-activated exhaust valve located at the other end. The hose defining the parallel inhalation and exhalation passages may be positioned over the diver's one shoulder thereby reducing the length of the hose needed.
Description
SELF-CONTAINED UNDERWATER RE-BREATHING APPARATUS
HAVING A SHORTENED BREATHING HOSE
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to diving systems and more particularly to self-contained underwater re-breathing apparatus.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Self-contained underwater re-breathing apparatus or rebreathers are well known in the art. As the name implies, a rebreather allows a diver to "rebreathe" exhaled gas. Rebreathers consist of a breathing loop from which the diver inhales and into which the diver exhales. The breathing loop generally includes a mouthpiece in communication with an inlet to and outlet from, a scrubber canister for scrubbing CO2 from the exhaled gas. At least one variable-volume container known as "counterlung" is incorporated in the breathing loop. Exhaled gas is drawn through the scrubber canister. CO2-depleted gas from the scrubber canister is fed again to the mouthpiece and the diver's lungs. A typical rebreather further includes an injection system for adding fresh breathable gas from at least one gas cylinder to the breathing loop. Up-to-date rebreathers usually have an automatic control system including a microcomputer for monitoring physical parameters in the breathing loop and controlling the feeding of breathable gas to the breathing loop to maintain desired partial pressures of components of the breathing mixture.
A typical mouthpiece is a hollow housing having a breathing opening (terminating in a rubber mouth bit piece), inlet from and outlet to the breathing loop. Fluid communication between the mouthpiece and the scrubber canister is usually provided by means of an exhalation hose and inhalation hose. Exhalation hose connected to an outlet of the mouthpiece provides fluid communication with an inlet of the scrubber canister. Inhalation hose connected to an inlet of the mouthpiece provides fluid communication with an outlet of the scrubber canister. A counterlung is usually incorporated in the breathing loop between at least one hose and the canister. To ensure that exhaled gas is fed to the exhalation hose, and inhaled gas is fed from inhalation hose, check valves are usually provided at the inlet and outlet, respectively, of the mouthpiece.
Such kind of rebreather is described in The Simple Guide to Rebreather Diving, a book by Steve Barsky, Mark Thurlow and Mike Ward issued 1998 by Best Publishing Company, ISBN: 0-941332-65-9, Library of Congress catalog card number: 97-077520 incorporated here by means of reference. The book includes many drawings and photographs which illustrate the configuration of modern rebreathers. From the photographs, such as photographs on the front and back covers and pages 10, 11, 154, 179 192 and 209 of the book, it can be seen that a mouthpiece typically includes a tubular member, the breathing opening is located in the circumferential wall of said tubular member, whereas the inlet and outlet are on both ends thereof. Inhalation and exhalation hoses extend from the mouthpiece ends over the diver's shoulders on both sides of the diver's head to a unit on the diver's back. This back unit includes the scrubber, counterlungs and other rebreather equipment.
Further, it can clearly be seen from the photographs on front cover and pages 182 and 183 of the book, as well as from Fig. 7 of the present specification that, when the diver has his rebreather on and the mouthpiece in his mouth, the hoses form loose loops on both sides of the diver's head. Thus, the hoses obviously have an excessive length. This is also apparent from photographs on pages 11 and 209 each showing a diver with the mouthpiece out of use and hanging well below his head.
However, excessive length of the hoses can cause some problems. That is, loose loops of hoses can limit the diver's field of view (as can be seen from the photograph on page 183). Further, when exploring narrow spaces in the rocks or wrecked ships the risk of damage to hoses fluttering around the diver's head increases. Further, as is well known to those skilled in the art, resistance of a hose increases with its length and bend. Therefore, it is harder to breathe through a banded hose of excessive length. Thus, there must be a good reason for making the hoses excessively long.
As far as we can see, the reasons are as follows: The hoses must have a sufficient length to allow the mouthpiece to be pulled over the diver's head when getting the rebreather on and off (as shown in the photograph on page 125).
Another reason is that in case of an emergency the hoses must be of enough length to allow the diver to pull the mouthpiece well away from his mouth to use a bailout system (as shown in the photograph on page 179) .
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to overcome the above problems and thus achieve a more convenient and safe rebreather, wherein the mouthpiece can easily be retracted away from the diver's mouth to allow the use of a bailout system, and the rebreather is easy to put on and off.
This object is achieved by providing a self-contained underwater re breathing apparatus comprising a breathing loop and an injection system for adding fresh breathable gas to the breathing loop, the breathing loop including a mouthpiece having a breathing opening, an outlet for exhaled gas and an inlet for inhaled gas, said inlet and outlet being provided with inlet and outlet check valves, respectively, a scrubber incorporated in a back unit, an exhalation passage having one end in communication with the mouthpiece outlet for exhaled gas, and another end in communication with an inlet to the scrubber, and an inhalation passage having one end in communication with the mouthpiece inlet for inhaled gas, and another end in communication with the outlet from the scrubber, wherein the exhalation passage and inhalation passage substantially extend in parallel over at least part of their lengths.
Preferably, at least part of the exhalation passage is defined by an exhalation hose, and at least part of the inhalation passage is defined by an inhalation hose, wherein said exhalation hose and inhalation hose are connected to each other.
Because of the fact that the exhalation hose and inhalation hose extend from the mouthpiece to the back unit in parallel, both hoses are on one side of the diver's head. Therefore, the diver does not need to pull the mouthpiece over his head when getting the rebreather on and off. He can just pull the mouthpiece together with both the hoses attached thereto over his shoulder and into his mouth, when getting the rebreather on. Thus, the hoses can be significantly shorter.
Further, such a configuration allows the diver to pull the mouthpiece well away from his mouth when using a bailout system, even though short hoses are used.
Preferably, the mouthpiece includes a tubular member, said inlet and outlet being associated with one end of said tubular member, whereas said breathing opening is located in the circumferential wall of said tubular member.
Preferably, a pressure-activated exhaust valve is located on the other end of the mouthpiece opposite said inlet and outlet.
Preferably, the opening pressure of said pressure-activated exhaust valve
is adjustable.
Further, this object is achieved by providing a self-contained underwater re-breathing apparatus comprising a breathing loop and an injection system for adding fresh breathable gas to the breathing loop, the breathing loop including a mouthpiece having a breathing opening and an inleVoutlet for exhaled and inhaled gas, a scrubber, and a single hose having one end connected to the mouthpiece inleVoutlet, and another end in communication with two passages: an exhalation passage which is in communication with an inlet to the scrubber, and an inhalation passage which is in communication with an outlet from the scrubber, wherein one check valve is provided in the exhalation passage to ensure that exhaled gas is fed to the exhalation passage, and another check valve is provided in the inhalation passage to ensure that inhaled gas is fed from the inhalation passage.
In this embodiment of the invention, the breathing loop includes a single hose extending from the mouthpiece to the back unit over the diver's shoulder.
Therefore, the diver does not need to pull the mouthpiece over his head when getting the rebreather on and off. He can just pull the mouthpiece together with the attached single hose over his shoulder and into his mouth, when getting the rebreather on. Thus, the length of the hose is minimised. Further advantages include increased safety because a probability of damaging a single hose is twice lower than that of damaging two separate hoses.
Further, such a configuration allows the diver to pull the mouthpiece well away from his mouth when using a bailout system, even though a short hose is used.
Preferably, the mouthpiece includes a tubular member, said inleVoutlet being associated with one end of said tubular member, whereas said breathing opening is located in the circumferential wall of said tubular member.
Preferably, a pressure-activated exhaust valve is located on the other end of the mouthpiece opposite said inlet /outlet.
Preferably, the opening pressure of said pressure-activated exhaust valve
is adjustable.
Further, this object is achieved by providing a mouthpiece for a selfcontained underwater re-breathing apparatus, the mouthpiece including a substantially tubular member having a breathing opening defined by a mouth bit piece, an outlet for exhaled gas and an inlet for inhaled gas, wherein said inlet and outlet is on one end of said tubular member, and said breathing opening is in the circumferential wall of said tubular member.
Preferably, a pressure-activated exhaust valve is located on the other end of the mouthpiece opposite said inlet /outlet.
Preferably, the opening pressure of said pressure-activated exhaust valve
is adjustable.
According to one embodiment of the invention, said inlet and outlet comprise a single opening.
Preferably, a means for shutting off the breathing opening is provided in the mouthpiece.
Preferably, the mouthpiece has a cylindrical rotatable insert having an opening and fixed to an operational lever extending outside, wherein by operating the lever and thus, rotating the insert, the insert opening can either be aligned or misaligned with the breathing opening.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING
These and other features, objects, and advantages of the present invention are apparent from the following description of its preferred embodiments as illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein: FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section of a mouthpiece and attached two hoses for a rebreather according to one embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a side view with a cut-away of a mouthpiece presented in Fig. 1, wherein the hoses are omitted for simplicity; Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section of a mouthpiece and attached single hose for a rebreather according to another embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a side view with a cut-away of a mouthpiece presented in Fig. 3, wherein the hose is omitted for simplicity; Fig. 5 is a schematic picture illustrating a general configuration of a rebreather according to Figs. 1 and 2 worn by a diver; Fig. 6 is a schematic picture illustrating a general configuration of a rebreather according to Figs. 3 and 4 worn by a diver; and Fig. 7 is a schematic picture illustration a general configuration of a prior art rebreather worn by a diver.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention is a modification of a closed circuit rebreather generally disclosed in the above-mentioned book by Barsky et al. Self-contained underwater re-breathing apparatus according to the present invention comprises a breathing loop and an injection system for adding fresh breathable gas to the breathing loop.
The injection system is not shown herein, and may be designed as described in Barsky et al. (see the drawing on page 141).
In one embodiment presented in Figs. 1, 2 and 5, the breathing loop includes a mouthpiece 10 and a scrubber (not shown) which is incorporated into a back unit 9. Any conventional scrubber can be used, e.g. such as that described in Barsky et al. (see pages 55-58). The mouthpiece according to the invention includes a tubular member 8 having in its circumferential wall a breathing opening 11 terminating in a rubber mouth bit piece 12. On one end of the mouthpiece inlet 13, and outlet 14 are located. Inlet 13 and outlet 14 are provided with an inlet check valve 23 and an outlet check valve 24, respectively. On the other end of the mouthpiece an exhaust opening 15 is provided. Alternatively, this end of the mouthpiece can be dead. The exhaust opening 15 has a pressure-activated exhaust valve 25. Pressure-activated valves like exhaust valve 25 are well known in the art, and therefore not described herein. The exhaust valve opens to the environment at a predetermined pressure which can be adjusted manually by rotating a knob 19.
A means for shutting off the breathing opening 11 are provided in the mouthpiece 10. The tubular member 8 has a cylindrical rotatable insert 17 therein, the insert being fixed to an operational lever 16. By operating the lever and thus, rotating the insert, its opening 18 can either be aligned or misaligned with the breathing opening 11, thus opening or shutting off the breathing opening 11.
An inhalation hose 21 has its one end connected to the mouthpiece inlet 13, and another end seen in Fig. 5 connected to the back unit 9. Via a passage (not shown) in the back unit 9, the inhalation hose 21 is in communication with an outlet from the scrubber (not shown). An exhalation hose 22 has its one end connected to the mouthpiece outlet 14, and another end connected to the back unit 9. Via a passage (not shown) in the back unit, the inhalation hose 21 is in communication with an inlet to the scrubber. A counterlung (not shown) is usually incorporated into at least one said passage. an injection system for adding fresh breathable gas to the breathing loop During the dive, the gas exhaled by the diver comes to the mouthpiece through breathing opening 11. Through check valve 24 exhaled gas enters hose 22. Check valve 23 prevents the exhaled gas from entering hose 21. Downstream hose 22, the scrubber is located, wherein the exhaled gas is scrubbed from CO2.
After adding fresh breathable gas from the injection system (not shown), CO2 depleted and oxygen-enriched gas is inhaled by the diver from hose 21 through check valve 23. Check valve 24 prevents inhalation from hose 22.
As shown in fig. 5, exhalation hose 22 and inhalation hose 21 extend in parallel over the diver's shoulder. Preferably, the hoses are connected to each other. The hoses can be connected by means of at least one buckle, welded or bonded together. Alternatively, a twin hose of any suitable cross section (e.g. 8- shaped) can initially be moulded. Further, a single hose divided longitudinally into two sections can be used.
Because of the fact that exhalation hose 22 and inhalation hose 21 extend from the mouthpiece to the back unit in parallel, both hoses are on one side of the diver's head. Therefore, as apparent from Fig. 5, the diver does not need to pull the mouthpiece over his head when getting the rebreather on and off. He can just pull the mouthpiece together with both the hoses attached thereto over his shoulder and into his mouth, when getting the rebreather on. Thus, the hoses are significantly shorter than in prior art configuration presented on Fig. 7.
Another embodiment of the invention is disclosed herein with reference to Figs. 3, 4 and 6. In the figures, same reference numbers are used for similar elements.
In this embodiment, the mouthpiece is the same as described above except that the mouthpiece outlet and inlet comprise a single opening 26. A single hose 27 is connected to opening 26. As shown in Fig. 3, another end of hose 27 is connected with a Tjoint 8 to split into two passages 28 and 29: an exhalation passage 29 which is in communication with an inlet to the scrubber (not shown), and an inhalation passage 28 which is in communication with an outlet from the scrubber. Both passages 28 and 29 extend within the back unit and are not fully shown in the drawings. A counterlung (not shown) is usually incorporated into at least one passage. Passages 28 and 29, at the junction with the Tjoint 8, are provided with outlet check valve 38 and an inlet check valve 39, respectively.
During the dive, the gas exhaled by the diver comes to the mouthpiece through breathing opening 11, and then to single hose 27. Through check valve 39 exhaled gas enters passage 29. Check valve 38 prevents the exhaled gas from entering hose 28. Downstream passage 29, the scrubber is located, wherein the exhaled gas is scrubbed from CO2. After adding fresh breathable gas from the injection system (not shown), CO2-depleted and oxygen-enriched gas is fed from hose 28 through check valve 38 to hose 27, mouthpiece 10 and breathing opening 11 to be inhaled by the diver. Check valve 39 prevents inhalation from hose 29.
In this embodiment of the invention, the breathing loop includes single hose 27 extending from the mouthpiece 10 to the back unit 9 over the diver's shoulder. Therefore, the diver does not need to pull the mouthpiece over his head when getting the rebreather on and off. He can just pull the mouthpiece together with the attached single hose over his shoulder and into his mouth, when getting the rebreather on. Thus, the length of the hose is minimised. Accordingly, a dead volume in the single hose is quite small.
So far, the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described. However, the present invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments described here, and someone skilled in the art can modify the present invention without going beyond the scope of the present invention defined by the attached claims.
Claims (15)
1. Self-contained underwater re-breathing apparatus comprising a breathing loop and an injection system for adding fresh breathable gas to the breathing loop, the breathing loop including: - a mouthpiece having a breathing opening, an outlet for exhaled gas and an inlet for inhaled gas, said inlet and outlet being provided with inlet and outlet check valves, respectively, - a scrubber incorporated in a back unit, 10- an exhalation passage having one end in communication with the mouthpiece outlet for exhaled gas, and another end in communication with an inlet to the scrubber, and - an inhalation passage having one end in communication with the mouthpiece inlet for inhaled gas, and another end in communication with the outlet from the 15scrubber, wherein the exhalation passage and inhalation passage substantially extend in parallel over at least part of their lengths.
2. Self-contained underwater re-breathing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least part of the exhalation passage is defined by an exhalation hose, and at least part of the inhalation passage is defined by an inhalation hose, wherein said exhalation hose and inhalation hose are connected to each other.
3. Self-contained underwater re-breathing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the mouthpiece includes a tubular member, said inlet and outlet being associated with one end of said tubular member, whereas said breathing opening is located in the circumferential wall of said tubular member.
4. Self-contained underwater re-breathing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein a pressure-activated exhaust valve is located on the other end of the mouthpiece opposite said inlet and outlet.
5. Self-contained underwater re-breathing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the opening pressure of said pressure-activated exhaust valve is adjustable.
6. Self-contained underwater re-breathing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a single hose extends between the mouthpiece and the back unit, the hose being divided longitudinally into two sections, wherein at least part of the exhalation passage is defined by one section of said single hose, and at least part of the inhalation passage is defined by another section of said single hose.
7. Self-contained underwater re-breathing apparatus comprising a breathing loop and an injection system for adding fresh breathable gas to the breathing loop, the breathing loop including: - a mouthpiece having a breathing opening and an inleVoutlet for exhaled and inhaled gas; - a scrubber, and - a single hose having one end connected to the mouthpiece inleVoutlet, and another end in communication with two passages: an exhalation passage which is in communication with an inlet to the scrubber, and an inhalation passage which is in communication with an outlet from the scrubber, wherein one check valve is provided in the exhalation passage to ensure that exhaled gas is fed to the exhalation passage, and another check valve is provided in the inhalation passage to ensure that inhaled gas is fed from the inhalation passage.
8. Self-contained underwater re-breathing apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the mouthpiece includes a tubular member, said inleVoutlet being associated with one end of said tubular member, whereas said breathing opening is located in the circumferential wall of said tubular member.
9. Self-contained underwater re-breathing apparatus according to claim 8, wherein a pressure-activated exhaust valve is located on the other end of the mouthpiece opposite said inlet /outlet.
10. Self-contained underwater re-breathing apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the opening pressure of said pressure-activated exhaust valve is
adjustable.
11. A mouthpiece for a self-contained underwater re-breathing apparatus, the mouthpiece including a substantially tubular member having a breathing opening defined by a mouth bit piece, an outlet for exhaled gas and an inlet for inhaled gas, wherein said inlet and outlet is on one end of said tubular member, and said breathing opening is in the circumferential wall of said tubular member.
12. A mouthpiece according to claim 11, wherein a pressure-activated exhaust valve is located on the other end of the mouthpiece opposite said inlet /outlet.
13. A mouthpiece according to claim 12, wherein the opening pressure of said pressure-activated exhaust valve is adjustable.
14. A mouthpiece according to claim 11, wherein said mouthpiece outlet and inlet comprise a single opening.
15. A mouthpiece according to claim 11, wherein a means for shutting off the breathing opening is provided in the mouthpiece.
16 A mouthpiece according to claim 15, wherein said means for shutting off the breathing opening comprise a cylindrical rotatable insert having an opening and fixed to an operational lever extending outside, wherein by operating the lever and thus, rotating the insert, the insert opening can either be aligned or misaligned with the breathing opening.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0315650A GB2406282A (en) | 2003-07-03 | 2003-07-03 | Self-contained underwater re-breathing apparatus having a shortened breathing hose |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0315650A GB2406282A (en) | 2003-07-03 | 2003-07-03 | Self-contained underwater re-breathing apparatus having a shortened breathing hose |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB0315650D0 GB0315650D0 (en) | 2003-08-13 |
| GB2406282A true GB2406282A (en) | 2005-03-30 |
Family
ID=27741558
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0315650A Pending GB2406282A (en) | 2003-07-03 | 2003-07-03 | Self-contained underwater re-breathing apparatus having a shortened breathing hose |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2406282A (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3938551A (en) * | 1972-01-17 | 1976-02-17 | Henkin Melvyn Lane | Anesthesia rebreathing apparatus |
| US4137912A (en) * | 1975-11-06 | 1979-02-06 | Diver's Exchange Inc. | Diving apparatus |
| GB2169209A (en) * | 1984-11-23 | 1986-07-09 | Gas Serv Offshore Ltd | Secondary life support system |
| US5577498A (en) * | 1993-07-07 | 1996-11-26 | Zexel Corporation | Semi-closed type breathing apparatus for removing carbon dioxide from breathing air circuit having triangularly shaped bellows |
| WO1999062581A2 (en) * | 1998-06-01 | 1999-12-09 | Axon Medical, Inc. | Closed rebreathing system |
-
2003
- 2003-07-03 GB GB0315650A patent/GB2406282A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3938551A (en) * | 1972-01-17 | 1976-02-17 | Henkin Melvyn Lane | Anesthesia rebreathing apparatus |
| US4137912A (en) * | 1975-11-06 | 1979-02-06 | Diver's Exchange Inc. | Diving apparatus |
| GB2169209A (en) * | 1984-11-23 | 1986-07-09 | Gas Serv Offshore Ltd | Secondary life support system |
| US5577498A (en) * | 1993-07-07 | 1996-11-26 | Zexel Corporation | Semi-closed type breathing apparatus for removing carbon dioxide from breathing air circuit having triangularly shaped bellows |
| WO1999062581A2 (en) * | 1998-06-01 | 1999-12-09 | Axon Medical, Inc. | Closed rebreathing system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB0315650D0 (en) | 2003-08-13 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 720A | Reinstatement of application (patents act 1977, section 20(2)a) |
Free format text: REQUEST FOR REINSTATEMENT FILED |
|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) | ||
| 732E | Amendments to the register in respect of changes of name or changes affecting rights (sect. 32/1977) | ||
| 720A | Reinstatement of application (patents act 1977, section 20(2)a) |
Free format text: REQUEST FOR REINSTATEMENT REFUSED/WITHDRAWN |