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GB2482698A - Acid concentration measurement - Google Patents

Acid concentration measurement Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2482698A
GB2482698A GB201013451A GB201013451A GB2482698A GB 2482698 A GB2482698 A GB 2482698A GB 201013451 A GB201013451 A GB 201013451A GB 201013451 A GB201013451 A GB 201013451A GB 2482698 A GB2482698 A GB 2482698A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
concentration
density
viscosity
fluid
measurement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB201013451A
Other versions
GB2482698B (en
GB201013451D0 (en
Inventor
Simon Patrick Hunter Wheeler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rosemount Measurement Ltd
Original Assignee
Mobrey Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mobrey Ltd filed Critical Mobrey Ltd
Priority to GB201013451A priority Critical patent/GB2482698B/en
Publication of GB201013451D0 publication Critical patent/GB201013451D0/en
Publication of GB2482698A publication Critical patent/GB2482698A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2482698B publication Critical patent/GB2482698B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B17/00Sulfur; Compounds thereof
    • C01B17/69Sulfur trioxide; Sulfuric acid
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N11/00Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N11/00Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
    • G01N11/10Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material
    • G01N11/16Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by measuring damping effect upon oscillatory body
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N9/00Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
    • G01N9/002Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity using variation of the resonant frequency of an element vibrating in contact with the material submitted to analysis
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N9/00Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

A method of determining the concentration of a fluid in which the relationship between density and concentration of the fluid passes through either a maximum or minimum value, referred to as the turning point, before respectively either decreasing or increasing again. The method involves determining the viscosity of the fluid and relating this to concentration. The viscosity measurement is taken to establish on which side of the turning point the concentration measure occurs. Preferably the density of the fluid is also determined to improve the accuracy of the determined concentration value. The method can be applied to the measurement of sulphuric acid solution concentrations, which exhibit a monotonic relationship between viscosity and concentration at particular temperatures, and the measurements of density and viscosity can be performed using a single vibrating fork meter.

Description

ACID CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENT
Field of the Invention
This invention relates to acid concentration measurement and in particular, though not necessarily solely, to the measurement of sulphuric acid concentration in water at levels of greater than 94%.
Background to the invention
Conventionally, there is a simple monotonic relationship between acid concentration and density. This is not so with concentrations of sulphuric acid in water above about 94%. As can be seen from Figure 1, at concentrations above 94% the rate of increase in density, relative to concentration, starts declining and, at concentrations of about 97%, the density actually decreases with increasing concentration. As a result, for sulphuric acid at concentrations above 94%, the measurement of density alone, or combined density and temperature, is not sufficient to determine a unique value of concentration.
It is an object of the invention to provide a method which will address the problems set forth above; or which will at least provide a novel and useful alternative.
Summary of the Invention
Accordingly the invention provides a method of determining the concentration of a fluid having a turning point, as herein defined, in the relationship between density and concentration, said method being characterized in that it further includes measuring viscosity.
Preferably said method is applied to the measurement of sulphuric acid concentration.
Preferably said method comprises measuring density and viscosity using a single vibrating fork meter, said meter being selectively operable to give outputs of both density and viscosity.
Many variations in the way the present invention can be performed will present themselves to those skilled in the art. The description which follows is intended as an illustration only of one means of performing the invention and the lack of description of variants or equivalents should not be regarded as limiting. Wherever possible, a description of a specific element should be deemed to include any and all equivalents thereof whether in existence now or in the future.
Brief Description of the Drawings
A working embodiment of vibrating element apparatus embodying the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1: shows a plot of density against concentration for concentrated sulphuric acid; and Figure 2: shows a plot of viscosity against concentration for concentrated sulphuric acid.
Detailed Description of Working Embodiment
This invention describes a method for determining the concentration of fluids having a turning point. That is to say a fluid in which the relationship between density and concentration does not follow a straight line but, as illustrated in Figure 1, passes through a high point and then falls. Similarly this invention could be applied to a fluid in which the relationship between density and concentration falls to a low point, and then rises. It will be appreciated that such fluids present a problem in that a single measure of density could represent two different values of concentration.
As will be apparent from this disclosure, sulphuric acid is one fluid which exhibits a turning point but the invention is equally applicable to all fluids which exhibit such behaviour.
As can be seen from Figure 1, at concentrations of greater than about 94%, a single measure of sulphuric acid density could indicate two different acid concentrations.
Turning now to Figure 2, it will be seen that at sulphuric acid concentrations above about 94% and at given temperatures, i.e. in the region where the density has a turning point, there is a monotonic relationship between viscosity and concentration.
Thus, by measuring viscosity and temperature, it is possible to determine whether the concentration is above or below the value where the density has a turning point.
Then, by measuring density, it is possible to determine the value of the concentration.
It can be seen that, in principle, measurement of the viscosity and temperature would be sufficient to determine the concentration. However the sensitivity of the relative changes of density and viscosity with concentration, and the accuracy of such measurements, make it preferable to measure density in order to determine the concentration.
Density and viscosity may be conveniently measured using a single instrument which is selectively operable to indicate either density or viscosity. One example of such an instrument is a type 7826 vibrating form meter manufactured and sold by Emerson Process Management (www2.emersonprocess.com) The viscosity measure may be displayed or may be used to control an internal switch' that defines on which side of the turning point the concentration measurement lies.
The accurate performance of the invention relies on the fluid being measured behaving as a Newtonian fluid. In the case of sulphuric acid, this requires the absence of hydrogen suiphide (H2S) together with a line pressure of less than about 5 bar. If the pressure is elevated, the liquid's rheology becomes that of a Bingham fluid which could still be measured using a vibrating fork viscosity meter, however a simple offset on the measured viscosity would need to be applied. Should H2S be present, then sulphuric acid becomes non-Newtonian and any fork viscosity measurement would be inaccurate.
It will thus be appreciated that the invention, at least in the case of the embodiment described above, provides a method of accurately determining, in-line, concentrations of sulphuric acid at high concentration levels, using readily available measuring apparatus.

Claims (3)

  1. Claims 1. A method of determining the concentration of a fluid having a turning point, as herein defined, in the relationship between density and concentration, said method being characterized in that it further includes measuring viscosity.
  2. 2. A method as claimed in claim 1 when applied to the measurement of sulphuric acid concentration.
  3. 3. A method as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 comprising measuring density and viscosity using a single vibrating fork meter, said meter being selectively operable to give outputs of both density and viscosity.
GB201013451A 2010-08-11 2010-08-11 Acid concentration measurement Active GB2482698B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB201013451A GB2482698B (en) 2010-08-11 2010-08-11 Acid concentration measurement

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB201013451A GB2482698B (en) 2010-08-11 2010-08-11 Acid concentration measurement

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB201013451D0 GB201013451D0 (en) 2010-09-22
GB2482698A true GB2482698A (en) 2012-02-15
GB2482698B GB2482698B (en) 2015-01-07

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB201013451A Active GB2482698B (en) 2010-08-11 2010-08-11 Acid concentration measurement

Country Status (1)

Country Link
GB (1) GB2482698B (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103048219A (en) * 2012-12-05 2013-04-17 清华大学 Analytical method of iodine-containing hydriodic acid concentration
CN105675809A (en) * 2016-01-15 2016-06-15 清华大学 Analysis method of concentration of HI-I2-H2O ternary solution

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2003139675A (en) * 1994-11-25 2003-05-14 Ngk Insulators Ltd Equipment for measuring viscosity and equipment for measuring characteristics of fluid
JP2006214842A (en) * 2005-02-03 2006-08-17 A & D Co Ltd Liquid physical property value measuring instrument and liquid physical property value measuring method

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2003139675A (en) * 1994-11-25 2003-05-14 Ngk Insulators Ltd Equipment for measuring viscosity and equipment for measuring characteristics of fluid
JP2006214842A (en) * 2005-02-03 2006-08-17 A & D Co Ltd Liquid physical property value measuring instrument and liquid physical property value measuring method

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103048219A (en) * 2012-12-05 2013-04-17 清华大学 Analytical method of iodine-containing hydriodic acid concentration
CN105675809A (en) * 2016-01-15 2016-06-15 清华大学 Analysis method of concentration of HI-I2-H2O ternary solution

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2482698B (en) 2015-01-07
GB201013451D0 (en) 2010-09-22

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