GB2471075A - A fire-collar located between two pipes in a fire-retarding arrangement - Google Patents
A fire-collar located between two pipes in a fire-retarding arrangement Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2471075A GB2471075A GB0910187A GB0910187A GB2471075A GB 2471075 A GB2471075 A GB 2471075A GB 0910187 A GB0910187 A GB 0910187A GB 0910187 A GB0910187 A GB 0910187A GB 2471075 A GB2471075 A GB 2471075A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- fire
- pipe
- fire collar
- collar
- hollow space
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011796 hollow space material Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004114 Ammonium polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019826 ammonium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001276 ammonium polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009420 retrofitting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C2/00—Fire prevention or containment
- A62C2/06—Physical fire-barriers
- A62C2/065—Physical fire-barriers having as the main closure device materials, whose characteristics undergo an irreversible change under high temperatures, e.g. intumescent
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L5/00—Devices for use where pipes, cables or protective tubing pass through walls or partitions
- F16L5/02—Sealing
- F16L5/04—Sealing to form a firebreak device
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
- F16L55/10—Means for stopping flow from or in pipes or hoses
- F16L55/1026—Fire protection devices
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Installation Of Indoor Wiring (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
Abstract
A fire-collar 16 comprises a sleeve 18 fluidly connecting two pipes 21, 22 and a body of intumescent material 26 on the inner periphery of the sleeve which swells when exposed to heat to block the pipe/s. The fire-collar is located in between the two pipes and allows fluid to flow from one pipe to the other during normal use. Preferably, the fire-collar sleeve is mounted in a bore / hole in a partition wall / floor / ceiling which may take the form of a bulkhead in a ship's hull. An integral flange 24 may be located on the fine-collar so as to enable it to be secured to the partition (see figure 3). The fire-retardant collar is preferably made of steel, and comprises a graphite-based intumescent material. Circumferential baffles 28 extend radially inwards from the fire-collar so as to confine the expandable material and to direct the expansion inwards. The pipes in the fire-retarding arrangement are preferably spiral metal pipes, made of steel or aluminium.
Description
FIRE COLLAR AND METHOD FOR ITS USE
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention is concerned with a fire collar and a method for its use, and in particular but not exclusively to a fire collar for fire retarding a spiral metal pipe passing through a bore in a ship's bulkhead.
BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION
Plastics material pipes are used in buildings. Such pipes extend through bores in partitions such as walls, floors and ceilings. In the event of a fire such pipes melt or collapse whereby the bore provides a channel for the transmission of the fire or smoke or other products therefrom through that partition.
It is obviously important, in the event of a fire, that partitions remain able to contain the fire for as long as possible and fire collars are increasingly provided to ensure that any channel remaining by the melting or collapse of a plastics material pipe is blocked. Generally, the fire collar comprises a metal collar fastened around the pipe, the collar enclosing intumescent material between the collar and the pipe.
When fire causes the pipe to melt, it also causes the intumescent material to expand.
The fire collar prevents expansion outwardly, so that the expansion of the intumescent material is inwardly to fill the void left by the melted pipe. In this way, a physical barrier is formed across the bore in which the pipe was arranged. L However, such fire collars are only useful where the pipe is formed of a material, such as a plastics material, which will melt or collapse in the event of a fire.
Known fire collars are not applicable where the pipe is formed of a structure-retaining material such as a metal. Where a metal pipe would be used, in the event of a fire the intumescent material may expand, but the presence of the relatively rigid pipe passing through the collar will prevent the expanded intumescent material from blocking the bore. Rather, the expanding intumescent material will be forced away from the bore.
Currently, relevant regulations state that when a metal spiral pipe is fitted in ships for the ventilation system, up to a certain pipe diameter, and where a fire damper is not required, the spiral pipe must pass through a steel sleeve which is welded to the deck or bulkhead. This method is to stop the spiral pipe collapsing in the event of a fire on any side of the deck or bulkhead. However, even a minor collapse in the structural integrity of the spiral pipe in the case of a fire might allow hot gases and smoke to pass between the steel sleeve and the spiral pipe.
Furthermore, such steel sleeves are bulky and heavy and therefore not especially convenient to fit, while retro fitting is only possible by removing the spiral pipe.
We have now discovered a construction of a fire collar and a method for its use which overcomes the aforesaid disadvantage in a particularly convenient manner.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fire collar comprising: a) a housing; b) a hollow space defined within the housing; c) a body of intumescent material positioned within the housing adjacent the hollow space; d) upstream and downstream sleeves extending away from and opening into the hollow space; and e) means intermediate the upstream and downstream sleeves for mounting the fire collar in a bore in a partition. The arrangement is such that in normal use fluid flow is permitted along the upstream sleeve to the hollow space, across the hollow space, and from the hollow space along the downstream sleeve, whereas in the event of a temperature above a critical temperature the intumescent material expands to block the hollow space.
A second aspect of the invention provides a method of fire retarding an arrangement of a pipe passing through a bore in a partition, comprising: a) cutting the pipe b) positioning a fire collar a defined above in the bore; c) securing the fire collar to the partition; d) securing one cut end of the pipe to one of the sleeves; and e) securing the other cut end of the pipe to the other of the sleeves.
Preferably, the inner cross-sectional area of the hollow space is at least as large as the inner cross-sectional area of the upstream and downstream sleeves.
By this feature, the fire collar presents no restriction to fluid flow therethrough.
The upstream and downstream sleeves preferably have substantially the same outer cross-sectional shape and area as each other, so that pipes of the same dimensions my be secured thereto. The cut ends of the pipe may be secured to the upstream or downstream sleeve respectively by screws. A sealing member may be positioned between each cut end of the pipe and the upstream or downstream sleeve respectively.
The ratio of the cross-sectional area of the body of intumescent material to the cross-sectional area of the hollow space may be at least 0.15:1, such as about 0.22:1. With typical intumescent materials, this feature ensures that, above the F critical temperature there is more than enough expanded intumescent material to reliably block the hollow space.
Generally, the collar is substantially cylindrical and is preferably formed in one piece. Although the provision of tugs on the outside of the housing is possible for mounting the fire collar in a bore in a partition, for this purpose we prefer a flange extending from the housing. The flange is ideally integral with the housing. The flange or tugs may be secured to the partition by welding.
In a fire, intumescent materials tend to char, swell, and form a barrier to flame, hot gases, and conductive heat transfer. Any suitable material may be used, and there are proprietary materials available which are well known to those skilled in the art. Exemplary intumescent materials include, but are not limited to, melamine, pentaerythritol, fluorocarbon, graphite, bentonite, clay, phosphated or borated melamine, and ammonium polyphosphate polyols. Expandable graphite is a particularly effective intumescent material. Graphite to be used as an intumescent material is conventionally treated with an acid (e.g., sulfuric, nitric, acetic acid, etc.) which permeates the layers of the graphite structure and causes the graphite to become expandable and form a thick insulative layer of carbon char when exposed to flame. Thus, in a preferred embodiment, a graphite-based intumescent material is utilised.
In a preferred embodiment, the housing is cylindrical, although a square cross-section and other configurations are also possible.
The intumescent material is suitably held in position between baffles extending radially inwards from the inner surface of the housing. Especially when the housing is cylindrical, we prefer that the body of intumescent material is also cylindrical.
The housing, and/or the means for mounting the fire collar in a bore in a partition, is preferably formed of steel.
Depending upon the intended application, the critical temperature will be within the range of 120°C to 180°C, most preferably from 140°C to 150°C.
The partition may be selected from a wall, a floor, or a ceiling, and the present invention is particularly applicable where the partition is the bulkhead or deck of a ship. The pipe may be part of a ventilation system, or more generally pipes carrying gaseous or liquid materials, or to electrical or other cable conduits.
The invention is also particularly applicable when the pipe is formed of a material which is form-retaining at the critical temperature, for example wherein the pipe is a metal pipe, such as spiral metal pipe formed, for example, of steel or aluminium, but would also be suitable for use with pipes formed of other, even non-shape-retaining materials.
The invention will now be illustrated, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is an illustration of a prior art arrangement in which a spiral metal pipe passes through a bore in a ship's bulkhead; Figure 2 is an illustrative cross-sectional view of a fire collar according to the invention; and Figure 3 shows the fire collar of Figure 2 installed with the arrangement of Figure 1.
Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 shows the prior art arrangement where a ventilation system includes a spiral aluminium pipe 10 which passes through a bore 12 in a bulk head 14. The spiral pipe passes through a steel sleeve 15 which is welded to the bulkhead, in order to satisfy current regulations.
As shown in Figure 2, a fire collar 16 according to the invention is provided and inciudes a cylindrical steeJ housing 18 having a length of about 145 mm (or 210 mm in an alternative embodiment) and a diameter of about 125 mm (or 306 mm). The housing defines a hollow space 20 there-within. Upstream and downstream cylindrical sleeves 21, 22, having identical outer and inner circular cross-sections having a diameter of 100 mm (or 250 mm), extend axially away from and open into the hollow space 20. A circular steel flange 24, integral with the housing 18 and having a diameter of 180 mm (or 250 mm), is positioned intermediate the upstream and downstream sleeves 21,22 for mounting the fire collar 16 in the bore 12 in the bulk head 14.
A cylindrical body 26 of Intumex L (Registered Trade Mark), a graphite-based intumescent material having a critical temperature of 150°C, ex Chemie Linz GmbH, Austria, is positioned within the housing 18 adjacent the hollow space 20. The intumescent material is held in position between two spaced apart annular baffles 28 extending radially inwards by about 12 mm (or 28 mm) from the inner surface of the housing 18. The baffles are spaced apart by 65 mm (or 125 mm). The cross-sectional area of the body 26 of intumescent material is thus 22.4 cm2 (or 128.4 cm2) and that of the hollow space 20 is thus 80.1 cm2 (or 607.0 cm2) so that the ratio therebetween is 0.22:1 (or 0.21:1).
The method of installing the fire collar is as follows.
The steel sleeve 15 is dispensed with. The pipe 10 is cut through to form two cut ends 30, 32 and removed from the bore 12. The fire collar 16 is positioned in the bore 12 and secured to the bulk head 14 by welding. One cut end 30 of the pipe 10 is secured to the upstream sleeve 21. Finally the other cut end 32 of the pipe 10 is secured to the downstream sleeve 22. Annular sealing members 34, 36 are positioned between the cut ends 32, 34 of the pipe 10 and the upstream or downstream sleeve 22 respectively. The cut ends 32, 34 of the pipe 10 are secured to the upstream or downstream sleeve 22 respectively by screws 38. The assembled arrangement in shown in Figure 3.
In the illustrated example, the inner cross-sectional area of the hollow space is slightly larger than (or the same as) the inner cross-sectional area of each of the upstream and downstream sleeves 21, 22, to ensure that the fire collar 16 presents no restriction to fluid flow therethrough.
The arrangement is such that in normal use fluid flow is permitted along the upstream sleeve 21 into the hollow space 20, across the hollow space 20, and from the hollow space 20 along the downstream sleeve 22. In the event of a fire or other cause of the temperature rising above the critical temperature, the intumescent material expands. Although the aluminium spiral pipe 10 is form-retaining at this temperature, the hollow space 20 between the cut ends 30, 32 of the pipe permits the expanded intumescent material to block the hollow space 20, thereby preventing any spread of smoke and hot gases from one side of the bulkhead to the other.
Above the critical temperature there is more than enough expanded intumescent material to reliably block the hollow space 20.
Claims (22)
- CLAIMS1. A fire collar comprising: a) a housing; b) a hollow space defined within the housing; c) a body of intumescent material positioned within the housing adjacent the hollow space; d) upstream and downstream sleeves extending away from and opening into the hollow space; and e) means intermediate the upstream and downstream sleeves for mounting the fire collar in a bore in a partition; whereby in normal use fluid flow is permitted along the upstream sleeve into the hollow space, across the hollow space, and from the hollow space along the downstream sleeve, whereas in the event of a temperature above a critical temperature the intumescent material expands to block the hollow space.
- 2. The fire collar of claim 1, wherein the inner cross-sectional area of the hollow space is at least as large as the inner cross-sectional area of the upstream and downstream sleeves.
- 3. The fire collar of claim I or 2, wherein the upstream and downstream sleeves have substantially the same outer cross-sectional shape and area as each other.
- 4. The fire collar of any preceding claim, wherein the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the body of intumescent material to the cross-sectional area of the hollow space is at least 0.15:1, such as about 0.22:1.
- 5. The fire collar of any preceding claim, wherein the means for mounting the fire collar in a bore in a partition comprises a flange extending from the housing.
- 6. The fire collar of claim 5, wherein the flange is integral with the housing.
- 7. The fire collar of any preceding claim, wherein the intumescent material is graphite-based.
- 8. The fire collar of any preceding claim, wherein the housing is cylindrical.
- 9. The fire collar of any preceding claim, wherein the intumescent material is held in position between baffles extending radially inwards from the inner surface of the housing.
- 10. The fire collar of any preceding claim, wherein the body of intumescent material is cylindrical.
- 11. The fire collar of any preceding claim, wherein the housing is formed of steel.
- 12. The fire collar of any preceding claim, wherein the means for mounting the fire collar in a bore in a partition is formed of steel.
- 13. The fire collar of any preceding claim, wherein the critical temperature is within the range of 120°C to 180°C.
- 14. A method of fire retarding an arrangement of a pipe passing through a bore in a partition, comprising: a) cutting the pipe b) positioning a fire collar according to any preceding claim in the bore; c) securing the fire collar to the partition; d) securing one cut end of the pipe to one of the sleeves; and e) securing the other cut end of the pipe to the other of the sleeves.
- 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the partition is selected from a wall, a floor, a ceiling.
- 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the partition is the bulkhead or deck of a ship.
- 17. The method of any one of claims 14 to 16, wherein the pipe is formed of a material which is form-retaining at the critical temperature.
- 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the pipe is a metal pipe.
- 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the pipe is a spiral metal pipe formed, for example of steel or aluminium.
- 20. The method of any one of claims 14 to 19, wherein the fire collar is secured to the partition by welding.
- 21. The method of any one of claims 14 to 20, wherein the cut ends of the pipe are secured to the upstream or downstream sleeve respectively by screws.
- 22. The method of any one of claims 14 to 21, wherein a sealing member is positioned between each cut end of the pipe and the upstream or downstream sleeve respectively.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0910187A GB2471075A (en) | 2009-06-15 | 2009-06-15 | A fire-collar located between two pipes in a fire-retarding arrangement |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0910187A GB2471075A (en) | 2009-06-15 | 2009-06-15 | A fire-collar located between two pipes in a fire-retarding arrangement |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB0910187D0 GB0910187D0 (en) | 2009-07-29 |
| GB2471075A true GB2471075A (en) | 2010-12-22 |
Family
ID=40940757
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0910187A Withdrawn GB2471075A (en) | 2009-06-15 | 2009-06-15 | A fire-collar located between two pipes in a fire-retarding arrangement |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2471075A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2513633A (en) * | 2013-05-02 | 2014-11-05 | Linde Ag | Nozzle connection for carbon steel tank in special service |
| ES2555226A1 (en) * | 2014-06-25 | 2015-12-29 | Gas Natural Sdg, S.A | Protection element for a channel and method of obtaining the protection element (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
| WO2019054911A1 (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2019-03-21 | Roxtec Ab | Extension frame |
| EP3694680B1 (en) | 2017-10-09 | 2022-10-05 | Pandrol | Casting mould assembly for alumino-thermic welding of rails and method of alumino-thermic welding of rails |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2713689A1 (en) * | 1976-04-14 | 1977-10-20 | Pont A Mousson | Fire arrester for fusible pipe connected through wall - has annular connecting piece with chemical foam mix expanded by heat to seal opening |
| EP1046412A1 (en) * | 1999-04-21 | 2000-10-25 | Carboline Europe Limited | A pipe with a weakened section and method for preventing fire transmission |
| GB2404232A (en) * | 2003-07-23 | 2005-01-26 | Andrew Caselli | Internally mounted intumescent sleeve inside pipe section |
-
2009
- 2009-06-15 GB GB0910187A patent/GB2471075A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2713689A1 (en) * | 1976-04-14 | 1977-10-20 | Pont A Mousson | Fire arrester for fusible pipe connected through wall - has annular connecting piece with chemical foam mix expanded by heat to seal opening |
| EP1046412A1 (en) * | 1999-04-21 | 2000-10-25 | Carboline Europe Limited | A pipe with a weakened section and method for preventing fire transmission |
| GB2404232A (en) * | 2003-07-23 | 2005-01-26 | Andrew Caselli | Internally mounted intumescent sleeve inside pipe section |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2513633A (en) * | 2013-05-02 | 2014-11-05 | Linde Ag | Nozzle connection for carbon steel tank in special service |
| ES2555226A1 (en) * | 2014-06-25 | 2015-12-29 | Gas Natural Sdg, S.A | Protection element for a channel and method of obtaining the protection element (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
| WO2019054911A1 (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2019-03-21 | Roxtec Ab | Extension frame |
| SE540912E (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2021-02-16 | Roxtec Ab | Extension frame |
| US11489324B2 (en) | 2017-09-12 | 2022-11-01 | Roxtec Ab | Extension frame |
| EP3694680B1 (en) | 2017-10-09 | 2022-10-05 | Pandrol | Casting mould assembly for alumino-thermic welding of rails and method of alumino-thermic welding of rails |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB0910187D0 (en) | 2009-07-29 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |