GB2384292A

GB2384292A - Paintball gun & associated grip/grip frame arrangement

Info

Publication number: GB2384292A
Application number: GB0227245A
Authority: GB
Inventors: John Ronald Rice; Nicholas John Marks; Mark Andrew Walker
Original assignee: NPF Ltd
Current assignee: NPF Ltd
Priority date: 2001-11-23
Filing date: 2002-11-22
Publication date: 2003-07-23
Anticipated expiration: 2022-11-22
Also published as: EP1326058A2; GB2384292B; EP1326058A3; GB0227245D0; US20040011344A1

Abstract

A paintball marker comprising a main body 110, a barrel 112 which defines a firing axis X-X, a trigger 122 and a grip 120 which is arranged to extend substantially perpendicular to the firing axis and also has a user-engagable rear edge 134 which is profiled so as to allow movement of the users hand whilst finger positions 142, 144 are engaged with the trigger and 154, 156, 158 are engaged in grooves 148, 150, 152 of the grip 120. Rear edge 134 has a an upper part, and a lower part which is inclined relative to the upper part and a grip frame 114 thereby having a continuous curved profile. A trigger guard 124, a propellent port 116 and a feed port 118 are also noted. Also disclosed is the grip frame per se (Figs 4 and 7-15), a method of using a paintball marker for firing a fracturable dye pellet and a paintball marker which utilises a compressed gas means.

Description

PAINTBALL MARKERS

The present invention relates to paintball markers, also referred to as paintball guns, which are arranged to fire balls or pellets containing a 5 marking fluid such as paint, ink or dye. The pellets are arranged to rupture on impact with a target so as to mark it, leaving an indication of where it was hit.

Paintball has grown rapidly in popularity over recent years and paintball 10 markers have become increasingly more sophisticated so as to improve the performance of paintball competitors.

Whilst there are many similarities between a paintball marker and a real gun, one aspect of the use of paintball markers which has developed away 15 from that of real guns is the manner in which the marker is held.

Figure 1 shows a paintball competitor holding a conventional paintball marker 10 in a commonly used position. The marker is held with one hand 12 on the grip 13 and trigger and the other 14 on a support which is 20 frequently formed from the propellant port. The marker 10 has no stock, and can therefore be held with the rear end of the main body 16 very close to the competitors face 18. With the marker in this position, if the user wants to keep his elbows in close to his body as shown in Figure 1, which is important for presenting the smallest possible target profile for 25 another competitor to aim at, the wrist 20 of the trigger hand has to be markedly bent, or 'goosed', as shown. Since the total weight of a paintball marker including the propellant canister and a full load of pellets can be of the order of two or three kilograms, it will be appreciated that supporting it with the wrist 20 in this bent condition can 30 lead to discomfort or even strain of the wrist. Also as the hand tends to move away from the rear edge of the grip 13 round to the side, this can

lead to a reduction in the level of control that the user has over the marker, which can obviously affect his aim.

Figure 2 shows an alternative to the holding position of Figure 1 in which 5 the arm 22 of the trigger hand 12 is held out to the side of the user's body. This allows the marker to be held close to the user's face 18 without bending the wrist significantly, but increases the area that the user presents as a target to competitors, and is therefore disadvantageous during a paintball competition.

Accordingly the present invention provides a paintball marker comprising a main body and a barrel defining a firing axis, a trigger, and a grip arranged to be held in a hand of a user which operates the trigger, wherein the grip is arranged to extend in a direction substantially 15 perpendicular to the firing axis.

Preferably at least a portion of the rear edge of the grip extends substantially perpendicular to the firing axis. More preferably the length of said portion is at least a third of the length of the grip. Preferably said 20 portion is within 10 of perpendicular to the firing axis.

Said portion may be a central portion of the rear edge, or it can be an upper or a lower portion.

25 Preferably the grip has a front edge, at least a portion of which is substantially perpendicular to the firing axis.

For example, where the marker includes a trigger guard and the grip includes a lower portion which is below the trigger guard, the front edge 30 of said lower portion is preferably substantially perpendicular to the firing axis. If the front edge of the lower portion comprises a flat surface,

then that flat surface may be substantially perpendicular to the firing axis.

If the front edge of said lower portion defines a plurality of finger positions in which fingers of the user's trigger hand will rest when the marker is in use, then said finger positions are preferably substantially 5 vertically aligned one above the other.

Where the marker includes a trigger guard and the grip has an upper portion which is behind the trigger guard, the front edge of the upper portion is preferably substantially vertical.

Preferably the grip has a rear edge arranged to engage a palm of a hand of the user, the rear edge having an upper part, and a lower part which is inclined to the upper part, so that the angle of the user's palm to the firing axis can be changed by moving the position of the hand on the grip.

Indeed the present invention further provides a paintball marker comprising a main body and a barrel defining a firing axis, a trigger, and a grip arranged to be held in a hand of a user which operates the trigger, wherein the grip has a rear edge arranged to engage a palm of a hand of 20 the user, the rear edge having an upper part, and a lower part which is inclined to the upper part, so that the angle of the user's palm to the firing axis can be changed by moving the position of the hand on the grip.

Preferably the upper part is inclined to the vertical and faces slightly 25 upwards and the lower part is inclined to the vertical and faces slightly downwards. Preferably the upper part and the lower part are together formed as a continuous curve, so as to provide a range of hand positions on the grip 30 with an associated range of angles of the user's palm. The radius of curvature of the curve may be substantially constant over at least half of

the length of the grip. The centre of curvature of the curve of at least one of the upper and lower parts may be located substantially at a position in which a finger of the trigger hand of the user will rest when the marker is in use.

5, Q,:

The present invention still further provides a paintball marker comprising a main body and a barrel defining a firing axis, a trigger, and a grip arranged to be held in a hand of a user which operates the trigger, wherein the marker defines a finger position in which at least one finger 10 of the trigger hand of a user will rest when the marker is in use, and at least a portion of the rear edge of the grip has a centre of curvature substantially located at said finger position.

Where the marker comprises a trigger guard, and the grip includes a 15 lower portion which extends below the trigger guard and is arranged to support fingers of the user's hand which are not protected by the trigger guard, said finger may be one of said fingers, preferably an upper one of said fingers.

20 Where the trigger is arranged to support a trigger finger of the user when the marker is in use, and said finger of the trigger hand may be said trigger finger.

Where the grip defines at least two hand positions, the angle of the palm 25 of the user's hand relative to the firing axis preferably differs by at least 10 between the two positions. Preferably the upper part and the lower part are each at least 5cm long and each have a radius of curvature of at least 5cm.

30 Preferably the grip has a rear edge having an upper end and a lower end, and the rear edge is arranged such that, if an equilateral parallelogram is

constructed having two opposite corners vertically aligned one above the other and level with said upper and lower ends respectively, and being symmetrical about a vertical line through said opposite corners, and having its sides each inclined at 5 to said vertical line, then a single 5 length of the rear edge can be contained within the parallelogram which length has a vertical height equal to at least one third of the height of the rear edge of the grip. In some cases the length of the rear edge which can be contained within the parallelogram may have a vertical height equal to at least one half or even two thirds of the height of the rear edge of the 10 grip.

Said upper end may be defined as the highest point on the grip rear edge which can be contacted by a user's trigger hand while it is firing the marker, and said lower end may be the lowest point on the grip rear edge 15 which can be contacted by a user's trigger hand while it is firing the marker. The present invention further provides a grip frame for a paintball marker having a main body, a barrel defining a firing axis, and a trigger, the grip 20 frame including a grip arranged to be held in a hand of a user which operates the trigger, wherein the grip is arranged to extend in a direction substantially perpendicular to the firing axis.

\, The marker of the present invention can enable a method of using a 25 paintball marker for firing a fracturable dye pellet for use in playing a paintball game, comprising the steps of: providing a user a paintball marker having a barrel with a firing axis; a trigger; a main body without a stock portion which enables holding the marker close to the user's face for aiming the marker; a 30 compressed gas system having inherently low recoil and for propelling a fracturable dye pellet with the compressed gas system actuated by the user

pulling the trigger; and a trigger grip frame which is coupled to the main body in a position to extend in a direction substantially perpendicular to the barrel and the firing axis; positioning the user's trigger hand on the trigger grip frame while 5 the marker is held close to the user's face with the trigger hand held in an unstrained position as a result of the trigger grip frame being perpendicular to the barrel; holding the paintball marker up close to the face of the user and avoiding injury to the face of the user as a consequence of using the low 10 recoil compressed gas system to propel the fracturable dye pellet and at the same time the user accurately aiming the marker to propel the dye pellet from the paintball marker during the game as a result of the unstrained positioning of the trigger hand on the trigger grip frame and being comfortably maintained, while holding the paintball marker close to 15 the user's face; and holding the paintball marker with the user's arms such that both arms are folded in close to the body of the user to minimize the user's profile to another game player and the paintball marker is enclosed therebetween the body and the arms of the user.

Preferably both the trigger hand below the fingers and the forearm of the user are positioned substantially in a vertical plane when the user is actuating the trigger.

25 Preferably the arrangement of the trigger grip frame causes the user to position the wrist to turn substantially within the vertical plane of the forearm and the trigger hand during aiming and firing the paintball marker.

Preferably the thumb and fingers of the user's trigger hand are positioned substantially symmetrically about the trigger grip frame as a result of the trigger grip frame being perpendicular to the barrel.

5 The present invention further provides a paintball marker for use in playing a paintball game, comprising: a paintball marker main body having no stock portion; a supply of dye pellets; a barrel defining a firing axis; 10 a trigger; compressed gas means having inherently low recoil for propelling one of the dye pellets from the paintball marker by the user actuating the trigger to fire the system; trigger grip means arranged for holding by a user's trigger hand which 15 operates the trigger and wherein the trigger grip means is positioned to extend in a direction substantially perpendicular to the firing axis with the trigger grip means for positioning the user's trigger hand wrist in substantially an unstrained orientation when the paintball marker is held near the user's face for aiming and firing and also for causing the user's 20 hand below the fingers to be substantially in a vertical plane with the user's forearm when the user actuates the trigger; wherein the marker includes; means for enabling the user to hold the paintball marker up close to and in front of the user's face during the game to obtain accurate aiming of 25 the paintball marker while the compressed gas means propels the dye pellet without any substantial recoil and also avoiding injury to the user's face and the means for enabling comprising the paintball marker main body having no stock, the compressed gas system and the trigger grip means.

Preferably the trigger grip means includes a rear edge at least a portion of which extends substantially perpendicular to the firing axis.

Preferably the means for enabling comprises means for causing the user 5 to position his arms close to his body thereby establishing a minimal body profile for another player aiming at the user.

Preferably the marker further comprises a gas propellant port extending downwards from the main body and forming a support arranged to be held 10 by a user's non-trigger hand, wherein said means for enabling further comprises the gas propellant port.

Preferably the marker includes a compressed gas bottle mounted on at least one of the trigger grip means and the gas propellant port, wherein 15 said means for enabling is arranged to enable the user to obtain accurate aiming of the paintball marker while the gas bottle extends between a trigger arm and a non-trigger arm of the user.

Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of 20 example only with reference to the remainder of the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 3 is a side view of a paintball marker according to a first embodiment of the invention; Figure 4 is a detailed view of a grip frame forming part of the marker of Figure 3; Figure 5 is a side view of a user operating the marker of Figure 3;

Figure 6A is a front view of the user of Figure 5; Figure. 6B illustrates a user in a crouched position; and Figure. 6C illustrates a user in a kneeling position; 5 Figure 7 is a side view of a grip frame for a paintball marker according to a second embodiment of the invention; Figure 8 is a side view of a grip frame for a paintball marker according to a third embodiment of the invention; Figure 9 is a side view of a grip frame for a paintball marker according to a fourth embodiment of the invention; Figure 10 is a side view of a grip frame for a paintball marker 15 according to a fifth embodiment of the invention; Figure 11 is a side view of a grip frame for a paintball marker according to a sixth embodiment of the invention; 20 Figure 12 is a side view of a grip frame for a paintball marker according to a seventh embodiment of the invention; Figures 13 and 14 are side views of the grip frame of Figure 4 illustrating further analysis and details of the shape of grip frames 25 according to the invention; and Figure 15 is as side view of a grip frame for a paintball marker according to an eighth embodiment of the invention.

30 Referring to Figures 3 and 4, a paintball marker 100 according to a first example embodiment of the invention comprises a main body 110 and

barrel 112, a grip frame 114 attached to the underside of the main body 110, a propellant port 116 through which propellant in the form of compressed gas is fed to the marker 100, and a feed port 118 through which fracturable dye pellets are fed into the breech of the marker from 5 which they are fired by a compressed gas firing mechanism having an inherently low recoil. The main body 110 and barrel 112 define a firing axis X-X along which the pellets are fired. For ease of description the

firing axis X-X will be referred to as horizontal and the direction perpendicular to it in the plane of Figure 3 will be referred to as vertical, 10 although clearly in use the marker 100 can be held at any angle.

The grip frame 114 is removable as a unit from the main body 110 and includes a grip 12O, a trigger 122 and a trigger guard 124. In this embodiment the grip frame 114 is actually made up of a frame 126 which 15 is formed of metal such as aluminium, and a grip moulding 123 which is of moulded plastics. The frame 126 is shown in more detail in Figure 4 and includes a base portion 128 having a generally flat upper surface 130 which rests against the underside of the main body 110, a rear portion 132 which extends downwards from near the rear end of the base portion 20 128 and forms the rear edge 134 of the grip 120, a guard portion 136 which forms the trigger guard 124, and a cutlass 137 which extends from the lower front corner of the trigger guard 124 to the bottom of the grip 120. As can be seen in Figure 3, the grip 120 extends downwards substantially perpendicular to the firing axis X-X. The top surface 130 of 25 the grip frame 114 forms the connection by which the grip frame 114 is connected to the marker body 110 in use, and therefore defines the orientation which the grip frame 114 will have, in use, in relation to the marker body 110 and the firing axis X-X. Therefore in this case, where the top surface 130 is parallel to the firing axis X-X, horizontal, in terms 30 of the grip frame 114, should be interpreted as meaning parallel to the top surface 130, and vertical as being perpendicular to the top surface 130,

The rear edge 134 of the grip 120, i.e. that part of the rear edge of the frame 114 which can be contacted by the palm of the user's trigger hand when the marker 100 is being fired, is, generally speaking, vertical and has a length y in the vertical direction which is defined as the vertical 5 distance between its upper end, which is at the highest point yl that a user's hand can rest on the rear edge 134, and its lower end, which is the lowest point y2 that a user's hand can rest on the rear edge 134. However it is curved, and has an upper hand supporting portion 134a which faces slightly upwards, and a lower hand supporting portion 134b which faces 10 slightly downwards. The whole of the trigger hand supporting rear edge 134 is formed as a continuous curve, and between the upper and lower portions 134a, 134b it passes through the vertical at a point 135 approximately two thirds of the way down the grip 120. Also the central portion of the grip rear edge 134 around this vertical point 135 is 15 substantially vertical, with approximately a third of the length of the rear edge 134 being at less than 10 to the vertical. The central portion of the grip 120 has a vertical length h which is the vertical distance between the two points y3, y4 on the rear edge 134 of the grip 120 where the tangents T1, T2 to the rear edge 134, in the vertical plane of Figure 4, are at 1QQ 20 to vertical. The upper portion 134a of the grip rear edge 134 is shaped approximately in the form of an arc centred on a point forward of the grip frame 114, and the lower portion 134b of the grip rear edge 134 is also shaped approximately in the form of an arc.

25 Referring to Figure 3, the trigger 122 is a two finger trigger, its forward edge 140 having an upper finger supporting portion 140a and a lower finger supporting portion 140b, which define upper and lower trigger finger positions 142, 144 respectively in which the respective trigger fingers of a user will rest when held against the trigger 122. The arc of 30 the lower portion 134b of the grip rear edge 134 is centred a position below the trigger 122. In this case the arc is centred on the position 154

of the fourth finger of the trigger hand, i.e. the finger just below the trigger guard 136.

The front edge 138 of the upper portion 120a of the grip 120, which is 5 formed by a part of the frame 126, is substantially vertical. The front edge 139 of the portion of the frame 126 in the lower portion 120b of the grip 120 is also substantially vertical. The front edge 146 of the moulding 123, which covers the lower front edge 139 of the frame 126 and forms the front edge of the lower portion 120b of the grip 120, is also 10 substantially vertical. This front edge 146 has a number of recesses 148, 150, 152 formed in it, and the bottom, i.e. rearmost, points of those recesses are aligned with each other in a substantially vertical line. The moulding 123 thereby defines a number of finger positions 154, 156, 158 which are aligned with each other in a substantially vertical row, one 15 above the other.

The result of the shape of the grip 120 is that the marker 100 can be held as shown in Figure 5, with the palm of the trigger hand 113 facing forwards, rather than downwards as with a conventional grip (see Figure 20 1). This, together with the fact that the marker is stockless, having no stock such as that in, for example, a rifle, enables the user to hold the marker 100 close to his face, and point the marker 100 in a horizontal direction without the significant bending of the wrist that occurs in this position with conventional markers.

In some situations there is room for the user's hand 113 to be moved vertically up and down the grip 120. When the user's hand 113 is holding the grip 120 as close to the top as is comfortable, his palm will be on the upper portion 134a of the rear edge 134 of the grip 120 and will therefore 30 be facing slightly downwards. This means that, used like this, the grip 120 will enable the marker 100 to be held in a similar manner to a

conventional marker. However, if the user moves his hand 113 down and holds the grip 120 towards the lower end, the palm of his trigger hand 113 will rest against the lower portion 134b of the rear grip edge 134 and will therefore be facing slightly upwards. This enables him to hold the 5 marker 100 close to his face, as shown in Figure 5, and can reduce even further the amount of strain and bending of the wrist. Also because the curve of the lower part 134a of the rear edge 134 of the grip 120 is approximately centred on the lower trigger finger position 144, the trigger fingers can still comfortably be held on the trigger 122 as the hand 10 113 moves round the lower part 120b of the grip 120.

As shown in Figure 6A, with the marker held as shown in Figure 5, the user can keep both of his elbows in close to his body while holding the marker in the desired position. This means that the user presents a small 15 target to other competitors. If the user moves the marker 110 away from his body and has his arms substantially straight out in front of himself, the palm of his trigger hand rests more against the upper portion of the grip which faces slightly upwards to the rear. This will tend to make the marker feel more like a conventional marker and the angle of the barrel 20 will be relatively easy to keep under control. Figures 6B and 6C show the user of the marker 100 in a crouching and kneeling position, respectively.

A gas bottle 150 is typically disposed below the marker 100, a source 160 of dye pellets positioned above the marker 100 and the user wraps his arms around the bottle 150 in selected positions, such as in the kneeling 25 position of Figure 6C.

Referring to Figure 7, in a second example embodiment of the invention a grip frame 200, which could be used as part of the marker 100 of Figure 3 in place of the grip frame 114, includes a grip 202, a trigger guard 204, 30 and a cutlass 206. The upper part 208 of the grip has a front edge 210 which is vertical, and the lower part 212 of the grip also has front edge

214 which is vertical. The front edge 214 of the lower part 212, which is below the trigger guard 204, will generally by held by the fingers of the user's trigger hand which are not on the trigger, usually the fourth finger and little finger. The trigger hand supporting rear edge 216 of the grip is 5 convexly curved and approximately symmetrical about a point S approximately half way down it, where the rear edge 216 is vertical. If tangents to this curve are made as shown at the uppermost U and lowermost L positions on which the user could centre his hand, it can be seen that these are inclined at about 10 to the vertical in opposite 10 directions, and therefore inclined at 20 to each other. The user can therefore change the angle of his hand by approximately 20 by moving it up and down the grip 202. It can also be seen that the vertical distance h between the two positions U and L is over a third of the vertical height y of the grip.

Referring to Figure 8, in a third example embodiment of the invention a grip frame 300 is similar to that shown in Figure 4 except that the trigger hand supporting rear edge 316 of the grip is straight and vertical over the whole of its main central portion 316a which takes up about 80 o of the 20 vertical height of the rear edge 316. The rear edge 316 also has a small upper section 316b which takes up about logo of its height and is curved concavely upwards and to the rear, and a lower section 316c at the bottom end of the grip 300 which curves convexly downwards and to the front.

25 Referring to Figure 9, in a fourth example embodiment of the invention the grip frame 400 is again similar to that of Figure 4 except for the shape of the trigger hand supporting rear edge 416. The rear edge 416 has a central portion 416a which is vertical and an upper portion 416b which is inclined at about 20 to the vertical, facing upwards to the rear. There 30 is also a lower portion 416c which curves round from the bottom of the central portion 416a to the under side 418 of the grip, and a top portion

416d which curves to join the upper portion 416b to the base 428 at the top of the frame 400. In Figure 9 the two tangents T1, T2 to the rear edge 416 which are at 10 to the vertical are shown, the upper one T1 being on the curve between the central and upper portions 416a, 416b, and the 5 lower one T2 being on the lower portion 416c. It can be seen that the vertical h height between the points where these tangents touch the rear edge 416 is greater than a third of the height y of the grip.

Referring to Figure 10, in a fifth example embodiment of the invention a 10 grip frame 500, which could also be used as part of the marker of Figure 3 in place of the grip frame 114, includes a grip 502, a trigger guard 504, and a cutlass 506. The upper part 508 of the grip has a front edge 510 which is vertical, and the lower part 512 of the grip also has a front edge 514 which is concavely curved. The rear edge 516 of the grip is convexly 15 curved at a substantially constant radius of curvature, equal to approximately half the length of the grip, which is about 50mm. The curve is centred approximately at the top of the front edge 514 of the lower part 512 of the grip, just below the trigger guard 504. This is the position in which the fourth finger of the user's trigger hand generally 20 rests. Assuming the index and middle fingers are on the trigger, the fourth finger provides a large proportion of the support for the marker.

This allows the trigger hand to rotate about that position as it moves up and down the grip which enables the user to keep a secure hold on the grip while his hand moves through a large range of angles. The curve of 25 the rear edge 516 extends through an angle of about 120 , which therefore allows the user to change the angle of the palm of his trigger hand through more than 90 . The palm of the trigger hand can move from facing downwards at about 30 when resting on the top of the rear edge 516 of the grip 502, to facing almost vertically upwards when resting at 30 the very bottom of the rear edge 516.

Referring to Figure 11, in a sixth embodiment of the invention, the grip frame 600 is identical to that of Figure 7, except for the shape of the rear edge 614 of the grip 612. In this case the rear edge 614 is in two separate sections, an upper section 614a and a lower portion 614b, each of which 5 is straight. The upper section 614a faces upwards being at an angle of about 10 to the vertical, and the lower section 614b faces downwards, being at an angle of about 20 to the vertical. This structure therefore provides two distinct hand positions for the user's trigger hand which differ in angle by approximately 30 . It will be appreciated that the grip 10 612 could be modified so as to have three or more separate sections of the rear edge 614 thereby defining a larger number of hand positions.

Referring to Figure 12, in a seventh example embodiment of the invention, the grip frame 700 is identical to that of Figure 7, except for 15 the shape of the rear edge 716 of the grip 712. In this case the rear edge 716 has a lower portion 716a which is convexly curved with its centre of curvature located approximately at the position 754 where the user's fourth finger will rest, just below the trigger guard 736 and behind thecutlass 737. The rear edge 716 also has an upper portion 716b, which is 20 concavely curved and joins the top of the lower portion 716a to the base 728 at the top of the frame 700. The convex lower portion 716a takes up about two thirds of the height of the grip 712, and the upper concave portion 716b takes up about one third of the height of the grip 712.

25 Referring to Figures 13 and 14 a further method of measuring how vertical the rear edge of a paintball marker grip is will now be described in relation to the to the grip 120 of Figures 3 and 4. The grip side profile is generated which is equivalent to placing the grip on its side on a shadowgraph and drawing around the projected image to produce an 30 external profile of the full grip frame 114. This profile is then used for this analysis. The rear edge 134 of the grip is defined as the rear face

profile that the palm of the user's trigger hand is intended to come into contact with such that the fingers of the user's trigger hand can reach and operate the trigger to fire the marker. One end of the rear edge 134 is defined as the lowest point A of the grip 120 which could be contacted by 5 the user's trigger hand, and the other end of the rear edge 134 is defined as the topmost point B that can be contacted by the user's trigger hand.

The vertical height E of the grip 120 is defined as the vertical distance between an upper X axis, which is a horizontal axis level with the highest point B of the rear edge, and a lower X axis, which is a horizontal axis 10 level with the lowest point A of the rear edge.

As shown in Figure 13 an equilateral parallelogram or diamond shape CC'DD' is then constructed which has four sides of equal length, two opposite corners C, D each of interior angle 10 on the upper and lower 15 X axes respectively, one vertically above the other, and two other corners C', D'each of interior angle 170 half way between the upper and lower X axes. The diamond CC'DD' is constructed by drawing a vertical line between the two X axes to produce two points of intersection C, D of the line and the axes. Two lines are then drawn upwards from the lower 20 intersection point D on opposite sides of the vertical and at 5 to it, and two lines are drawn downwards from the upper intersection point C on opposite sides of the vertical and at 5 to it. The two lines on each side of the vertical meet half way between the two X axes to produce the two corners C', D'.

Referring to Figure 14, the diamond CC'DD' is then moved horizontally, keeping its upper and lower corners C, D vertically aligned and on the upper and lower X axes until the rear edge 134 of the grip 120 intersects the sides of the diamond CC'DD' at at least two points. The horizontal 30 position of the diamond CC'DD' is then further adjusted to maximize the

vertical height of a single unbroken length 134c of the rear edge 134 that is within the diamond boundary CC'DD'. For this shape of grip 120 the final position of the diamond CC'DD' is as shown in Figure 14. The curved central portion of the rear surface 134 is just inside the rearmost 5 side of the diamond CC'DD', and the rear surface 134 intersects the two forward sides of the diamond CC'DD' at points F and G. The height of the section 134c of the rear surface 134 that is within the diamond CC'DD' is then measured by measuring the vertical height H 10 between the intersection points F and G. This height gives an indication of how vertical the rear surface 134 of the grip is. The preferred value for this height H is at least one third of the height E of the hand contacting rear edge 134 of the grip. However in some circumstances it may be more preferable for the height H to be at least one half, or even 15 two thirds, of the height E of the rear edge of the grip.

It can be seen that, using this analysis-of the grip frames of Figures 7 to 12 that the ratio of the height H to the height E is approximately 2/3 for Figure 7, 1/3 for Figures 8 and 11, 0.8 for Figure 8 and 1/2 for Figure 9 20 and Figure 12.

Referring to Figure 15, in an eighth embodiment of the invention, the grip frame 812 includes a rearward projection 813 extending rearwardly from its lower end. The top surface 816c of this projection 813 therefore 25 forms the lowest point at which the user's hand will contact the rear edge 816 of the grip at the lower end of its rear edge 816. Therefore for this embodiment the height of the trigger hand supporting rear surface 816 of the grip is the vertical height y between the underside 816d of the rear of the base 828 of the frame, and the top surface 816c of the rearward 30 projection 813.

The embodiments described can provide a paintball marker which, when held in the position of Figure 1 with the user's elbows close to the body and the marker close to the user's face, creates less strain on the user's wrist and allows more control over the aiming of the marker.

It will be appreciated that various features can be taken from a number of different ones of the embodiments described above to produce further grip and marker designs which are within the scope of the invention.

Furthermore various other shapes of grip could be used which would 10 provide different hand positions for the user in a similar way to the embodiments described above.

Claims

- CLAIMS

1. A paintball marker comprising a main body and a barrel defining a firing axis, a trigger, and a grip arranged to be held in a hand of a user 5 which operates the trigger, wherein the grip is arranged to extend in a direction substantially perpendicular to the firing axis.

2. A marker according to claim 1 wherein at least a portion of the rear edge of the grip extends substantially perpendicular to the firing 10 axis.

3. A marker according to claim 2 wherein the length of said portion is at least a third of the length of the grip.

15 4. A marker according to claim 2 or claim 3 wherein said portion is within 10 of perpendicular to the firing axis.

5. A marker according to any of claims 2 to 4 wherein said portion is a central portion of the rear edge.

6. A marker according to any foregoing claim wherein the grip has a front edge, at least a portion of which is substantially perpendicular to the firing axis.

25 7. A marker according to claim 6 wherein the marker includes a trigger guard and the grip includes a lower portion which is below the trigger guard, and the front edge of said lower portion is substantially perpendicular to the firing axis.

30 8. A marker according to claim 7 wherein the front edge of said lower portion defines a plurality of finger positions in which fingers of the

user's trigger hand will rest when the marker is in use, wherein said finger positions are substantially vertically aligned one above the other.

9. A marker according to claim 6 wherein the marker includes a 5 trigger guard and the grip has an upper portion which is behind the trigger guard, and wherein the front edge of the upper portion is substantially vertical.

10. A marker according to any foregoing claim wherein the grip has a 10 rear edge arranged to engage a palm of a hand of the user, the rear edge having an upper part, and a lower part which is inclined to the upper part, so that the angle of the user's palm to the firing axis can be changed by moving the position of the hand on the grip.

15 11. A paintball marker comprising a main body and a barrel defining a firing axis, a trigger, and a grip arranged to be held in a hand of a user which operates the trigger, wherein the grip has a rear edge arranged to engage a palm of a hand of the user, the rear edge having an upper part, and a lower part which is inclined to the upper part, so that the angle of 20 the user's palm to the firing axis can be changed by moving the position of the hand on the grip.

12. A marker according to claim 10 or claim 11 wherein the upper part is inclined to the vertical and faces slightly upwards and the lower part is 25 inclined to the vertical and faces slightly downwards.

13. A marker according to any of claims 10 to 12 wherein the upper part and the lower part are together formed as a continuous curve, so as to provide a range of hand positions on the grip with an associated range 30 of angles of the user's palm.

14. A marker according to claim 13 wherein the radius of curvature of the curve is substantially constant over at least half of the length of the grip. 5 15. A marker according to claim 14 wherein the centre of curvature of the curve of at least one of the upper and lower parts is located substantially at a position in which a finger of the trigger hand of the user will rest when the marker is in use.

10 16. A paintball marker comprising a main body and a barrel defining a firing axis, a trigger, and a grip arranged to be held in a hand of a user which operates the trigger, wherein the marker defines a finger position in which at least one finger of the trigger hand of a user will rest when the marker is in use, and at least a portion of the rear edge of the grip has 15 a centre of curvature substantially located at said finger position.

17. A marker according to claim 15' or claim 16 further comprising a trigger guard, wherein the grip includes a lower portion which extends below the trigger guard and is arranged to support fingers of the user's 20 hand which are not protected by the trigger guard, and wherein said finger is one of said fingers.

18. A marker according to claim 15 or claim 16 wherein the trigger is arranged to support a trigger finger of the user when the marker is in use, 25 and said finger of the trigger hand is said trigger finger.

19. A marker according to any foregoing claim wherein the grip defines at least two hand positions wherein the angle of the palm of the users hand relative to the firing axis differs by at least 10 between the 30 two positions.

20. A marker according to claim 19 wherein the upper part and the lower part are each at least 5cm long and each have a radius of curvature of at least 5cm.

5 21. A marker according to any foregoing claim wherein the grip has a rear edge having an upper end and a lower end, and the rear edge is arranged such that, if an equilateral parallelogram is constructed having two opposite corners vertically aligned one above the other and level with said upper and lower ends respectively, and being symmetrical about a 10 vertical line through said opposite corners, and having its sides each inclined at 5 to said vertical line, then a single length of the rear edge can be contained within the parallelogram which length has a vertical height equal to at least one third of the height of the rear edge of the grip.

15 22. A marker according to claim 21 wherein said upper end is the highest point on the grip rear edge which can be contacted by a user's trigger hand while it is firing the marker.

23. A marker according to claim 21 or claim 22 wherein said lower 20 end is the lowest point on the grip rear edge which can be contacted by a user's trigger hand while it is firing the marker.

24. A grip frame for a paintball marker having a main body, a barrel defining a firing axis, and a trigger, the grip frame including a grip 25 arranged to be held in a hand of a user which operates the trigger, wherein the grip is arranged to extend in a direction substantially perpendicular to the firing axis.

25. A grip frame according to claim 24 wherein at least a portion of 30 the rear edge of the grip is arranged to extend substantially perpendicular to the firing axis.

26. A grip frame according to claim 25 wherein the length of said portion is at least a third of the length of the grip.

27. A grip frame according to claim 25 or claim 26 wherein said 5 portion is within 10 of perpendicular to the firing axis.

28. A grip frame according to any of claims 25 to 27 wherein said portion is a central portion of the rear edge.

10 29. A grip frame according to any foregoing claim wherein the grip has a front edge, at least a portion of which is substantially perpendicular to the firing axis.

30. A grip frame according to claim 29 wherein the grip frame 15 includes a trigger guard and the grip includes a lower portion which is below the trigger guard, and the front edge of said lower portion is substantially perpendicular to the firing axis.

31. A grip frame according to claim 30 wherein the front edge of said 20 lower portion defines a plurality of finger positions in which fingers of the user's trigger hand will rest when the marker is in use, wherein said finger positions are substantially vertically aligned one above the other.

32. A grip frame according to claim 29 wherein the grip frame 25 includes a trigger guard and the grip has an upper portion which is behind the trigger guard, and wherein the front edge of the upper portion is substantially vertical.

33. A grip frame according to any of claims 24 to 32 wherein the grip 30 has a rear edge arranged to engage a palm of a hand of the user, the rear edge having an upper part, and a lower part which is inclined to the upper

part, so that the angle of the user's palm to the firing axis can be changed by moving the position of the hand on the grip.

34. A grip frame for a paintball marker comprising a main body, a 5 barrel defining a firing axis, and a trigger, the grip frame including a grip arranged to be held in a hand of a user which operates the trigger, wherein the grip has a rear edge arranged to engage a palm of a hand of the user, the rear edge having an upper part, and a lower part which is inclined to the upper part, so that the angle of the user's palm to the 10 firing axis can be changed by moving the position of the hand on the grip.

35. A grip frame according to claim 33 or claim 34 wherein the upper part is inclined to the vertical and faces slightly upwards and the lower part is inclined to the vertical and faces slightly downwards.

36. A grip frame according to any of claims 33 to 35 wherein the upper part and the lower part are together formed as a continuous curve, so as to provide a range of hand positions on the grip with an associated range of angles of the user's palm.

37. A grip frame according to claim 36 wherein the radius of curvature of the curve is substantially constant over at least half of the length of the grip. 25 38. A grip frame according to claim 37 wherein the centre of curvature of the curve of at least one of the upper and lower parts is located substantially at a position in which a finger of the trigger hand of the user will rest when the marker is in use.

30 39. A grip frame for a paintball marker comprising a main body, a barrel defining a firing axis, and a trigger, the grip frame including a grip

arranged to be held in a hand of a user which operates the trigger, wherein the grip frame defines a finger position in which at least one finger of the trigger hand of a user will rest when the marker is in use, and at least a portion of the rear edge of the grip has a centre of curvature 5 substantially located at said finger position.

40. A grip frame according to claim 38 or claim 39 further comprising a trigger guard, wherein the grip includes a lower portion which extends below the trigger guard and is arranged to support fingers of the user's 10 hand which are not protected by the trigger guard, and wherein said finger is one of said fingers.

41. A grip frame according to claim 38 or claim 39 wherein the trigger is arranged to support a trigger finger of the user when the marker is in 15 use, and said finger of the trigger hand is said trigger finger.

42. A grip frame according to any of claims 24 to 41 wherein the grip defines at least two hand positions wherein the angle of the palm of the users hand relative to the firing axis differs by at least 10 between the 20 two positions.

43. A grip frame according to claim 42 wherein the upper part and the lower part are each at least 5cm long and each have a radius of curvature of at least 5cm.

44. A grip frame according to any of claims 24 to 43 wherein the grip has a rear edge having an upper end and a lower end, and the rear edge is arranged such that, if an equilateral parallelogram is constructed having two opposite corners vertically aligned one above the other and level with 30 said upper and lower ends respectively, and being symmetrical about a vertical line through said opposite corners, and having its sides each

inclined at 5 to said vertical line, then a single length of the rear edge can be contained within the parallelogram which length has a vertical height equal to at least one third of the height of the rear edge of the grip.

5 45. A grip frame according to claim 44 wherein said upper end is the highest point on the grip rear edge which can be contacted by a user's trigger hand while it is firing the marker.

46. A grip frame according to claim 44 or claim 45 wherein said lower 10 end is the lowest point on the grip rear edge which can be contacted by a user's trigger hand while it is firing the marker.

47. A method of using a paintball marker for firing a fracturable dye pellet for use in playing a paintball game, comprising the steps of: 15 providing a user a paintball marker having a barrel with a firing axis; a trigger; a main body without a stock portion which enables holding the marker close to the user.'s face for aiming the marker; a compressed gas system having inherently low recoil and for propelling a fracturable dye pellet with the compressed gas system actuated by the user 20 pulling the trigger; and a trigger grip frame which is coupled to the main body in a position to extend in a direction substantially perpendicular to the barrel and the firing axis; positioning the user's trigger hand on the trigger grip frame while the marker is held close to the user's face with the trigger hand held in an 25 unstrained position as a result of the trigger grip frame being perpendicular to the barrel; holding the paintball marker up close to the face of the user and avoiding injury to the face of the user as a consequence of using the low recoil compressed gas system to propel the fracturable dye pellet and at 30 the same time the user accurately aiming the marker to propel the dye pellet from the paintball marker during the game as a result of the

unstrained positioning of the trigger hand on the trigger grip frame and being comfortably maintained, while holding the paintball marker close to the user's face; and holding the paintball marker with the user's arms such that both 5 arms are folded in close to the body of the user to minimize the user's profile to another game player and the paintball marker is enclosed therebetween the body and the arms of the user.

48. The method according to claim 47 wherein both the trigger hand 10 below the fingers and the forearm of the user are positioned substantially in a vertical plane when the user is actuating the trigger.

49. The method according to claim 48 wherein the arrangement of the trigger grip frame causes the user to position the wrist to turn 15 substantially within the vertical plane of the forearm and the trigger hand during aiming and firing the paintball marker.

50. The method according to any of claims 47 to 49 wherein the thumb and fingers of the user's trigger hand are positioned substantially 20 symmetrically about the trigger grip frame as a result of the trigger grip frame being perpendicular to the barrel.

51. A paintball marker for use in playing a paintball game, comprising: a paintball marker main body having no stock portion; 25 a supply of dye pellets; a barrel defining a firing axis; a trigger; ( compressed gas means having inherently low recoil for propelling one of the dye pellets from the paintball marker by the user actuating the trigger 30 to fire the system;

trigger grip means arranged for holding by a user's trigger hand which operates the trigger and wherein the trigger grip means is positioned to extend in a direction substantially perpendicular to the firing axis with the trigger grip means for positioning the user's trigger hand wrist in 5 substantially an unstrained orientation when the paintball marker is held near the user's face for aiming and firing and also for causing the user's hand below the fingers to be substantially in a vertical plane with the user's forearm when the user actuates the trigger; wherein the marker includes; 10 means for enabling the user to hold the paintball marker up close to and in front of the user's face during the game to obtain accurate aiming of the paintball marker while the compressed gas means propels the dye pellet without any substantial recoil and also avoiding injury to the user's face and the means for enabling comprising the paintball marker main 15 body having no stock, the compressed gas system and the trigger grip means. 52. A paintball marker according to claim 51 wherein the trigger grip means includes a rear edge at least a portion of which extends 20 substantially perpendicular to the firing axis.

53. A paintball marker according to claim 51 or claim 52 wherein the trigger grip includes a front edge at least a portion of which is substantially perpendicular to the firing axis.

54. The paintball marker according to any of claims 51 to 53 wherein the paintball marker includes a trigger guard and the grip includes a lower portion which is below the trigger guard and which includes a front edge, and wherein the front edge of said lower portion is substantially 30 perpendicular to the firing axis.

55. The paintball marker according to claim 54 wherein the front edge of said lower portion defines a plurality of finger positions in which fingers of the user's trigger hand rest when the marker is in use, and wherein said finger positions are substantially aligned in said direction.

56. A paintball marker according to any of claims 51 to 55 wherein the trigger grip includes a rear edge arranged to engage a palm of said trigger hand, the rear edge including an upper part and a lower part which is inclined to the upper part, thereby enabling the angle of the user's palm 10 to the firing axis to be changed by moving the position of the trigger hand on the trigger grip.

57. A paintball marker according to claim 56 wherein the upper part and the lower part are together formed as a continuous curve, thereby 15 providing a range of hand positions on the trigger grip and with an associated range of angles for the user's palm.

58. A paintball marker according to any of claims 51 to 57 wherein the grip defines at least two trigger hand positions, and wherein the angle of 20 the palm of the users trigger hand relative to the firing axis differs by at least 10 between the two positions.

59. A paintball marker according to any of claims 51 to 58 wherein the means for enabling comprises means for causing the user to position his 25 arms close to his body thereby establishing a minimal body profile for another player aiming at the user.

60. A paintball marker according to any of claims 51 to 59 further comprising a gas propellant port extending downwards from the main 30 body and forming a support arranged to be held by a user's non-trigger

hand, wherein said means for enabling further comprises the gas propellant port.

61. A paintball marker according to Claim 60 including a compressed

5 gas bottle mounted on at least one of the trigger grip means, wherein said means for enabling is arranged to enable the user to obtain accurate aiming of the paintball marker while the gas bottle extends between a trigger arm and a non-trigger arm of the user.

10 62. A paintball marker according to claim 52 wherein said rear edge has a length in the direction extending substantially perpendicular to the firing axis over which it can support the user's trigger hand, and the rear edge extends substantially in said direction over at least a third of said length. 63. A paintball marker according to claim 62 wherein the rear edge is within ten degrees of said direction over at least a third of its length.

64. A paintball marker substantially as hereinbefore described with 20 reference to Figures 3 and 4, Figure 7, Figure 8, Figure 9, Figure 10, Figure 11 Figure 12, Figures 13 and 14 or Figure 15 of the accompanying drawings. 65. A grip frame for a paintball marker substantially as hereinbefore 25 described with reference to Figures 3 and 4, Figure 7, Figure 8, Figure 9, Figure 10, Figure 11 Figure 12, Figures 13 and 14 or Figure 15 of the accompanying drawings.