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GB2371029A - A compressor system for use on a vehicle - Google Patents

A compressor system for use on a vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2371029A
GB2371029A GB0100645A GB0100645A GB2371029A GB 2371029 A GB2371029 A GB 2371029A GB 0100645 A GB0100645 A GB 0100645A GB 0100645 A GB0100645 A GB 0100645A GB 2371029 A GB2371029 A GB 2371029A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
compressor
gas
gaseous fuel
reservoir
vehicle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB0100645A
Other versions
GB0100645D0 (en
GB2371029B (en
Inventor
Elizabeth Durrell
Jeffrey Allen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lotus Cars Ltd
Original Assignee
Lotus Cars Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lotus Cars Ltd filed Critical Lotus Cars Ltd
Priority to GB0100645A priority Critical patent/GB2371029B/en
Publication of GB0100645D0 publication Critical patent/GB0100645D0/en
Publication of GB2371029A publication Critical patent/GB2371029A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2371029B publication Critical patent/GB2371029B/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B43/00—Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B63/00—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices
    • F02B63/06—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices for pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0245—High pressure fuel supply systems; Rails; Pumps; Arrangement of valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/02—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with gaseous fuels
    • F02D19/026—Measuring or estimating parameters related to the fuel supply system
    • F02D19/027—Determining the fuel pressure, temperature or volume flow, the fuel tank fill level or a valve position
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
    • F02M21/0215—Mixtures of gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Biogas; Mine gas; Landfill gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0248—Injectors
    • F02M21/0275—Injectors for in-cylinder direct injection, e.g. injector combined with spark plug
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

A vehicle includes a gas compressor 14, a conduit 18 for connecting the compressor to an external gas supply and a conduit 13 connecting the compressor to a vehicle-mounted compressed gas reservoir 12. An internal combustion engine 11 is supplied with gas through a conduit 15 from the compressor 14. In a first mode of operation the compressor compresses gas received from the external supply and delivers it to the reservoir. In a second mode of operation the compressor withdraws gas from the reservoir and delivers the compressed gas to the engine 11.

Description

COMPRESSOR SYSTEM, A VEHICLE COMPRISING AN ON BOARD COMPRESSOR AND A METHOD OF USE OF A COMPRESSOR APPARATUS LOCATED ON BOARD A VEHICLE The present invention relates to compressor system, a vehicle comprising an on board compressor and also a method of use for a compressor located on board a vehicle.
The invention will be described with reference to direct injection fuelled compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles. For direct injection, CNG must be supplied to the engines at high pressures (as compared to injection in inlet runners called port injection) typically in the range of 30 to 100 Bar. Compressed natural gas is typically stored in a cylinder at pressures in the range 200-250Bar. As the quantity of CNG remaining in the cylinder reduces, the pressure of the CNG in the cylinder also reduces, typically down to 10Bar or even lower. Therefore, there is a requirement for a compressor to enable the low pressure fuel in the cylinder to be compressed back up to the pressure required by the engine, e. g. 200-250 Bar. The inventors have also noted that the refuelling infrastructure for CNG-fuelled vehicles is very limited. CNG-fuelled vehicles would be more widely used if they could be filled up at home from a domestic natural gas supply. Such a supply typically has a very low pressure in the region of O. lBar.
Therefore, a compressor is required to fill the compressed natural gas cylinder in the vehicle to a required pressure of 200-250Bar.
The present invention provides in a first aspect a compressor system for use on board a vehicle
comprising a gas compressor ; first conduit for connecting the gas compressor to a supply external of the vehicle; and a second conduit for connecting the gas compressor to a reservoir of compressed gas located on board the vehicle; and a third conduit for connecting the gas compressor to an internal combustion engine located on board the vehicle, wherein the compressor has a first mode of operation in which the gas compressor receives gas from the external gas supply via the first conduit, compresses the received gas and supplies the compressed gas to the reservoir of compressed gas via the second conduit and the compressor has a second mode of operation in which the gas compressor receives gas from the reservoir of pressurised gas via the second conduit compresses the received gas and supplies the compressed gas to the internal combustion engine via the third conduit.
The present invention provides in a second aspect a vehicle comprising an internal combustion engine which uses a gaseous fuel; a reservoir of compressed gaseous fuel; a compressor on board the vehicle connected to the internal combustion engine and the reservoir of compressed gaseous fuel; a connection means for connecting the compressor to a gaseous fuel supply pipe external of the vehicle; wherein the compressor has a first mode of operation in which the compressor compresses gaseous fuel received from the external gaseous fuel supply pipe and supplies the compressed gaseous fuel to the reservoir of compressed gaseous fuel, and the compressor has a second mode of operation in which the compressor comprises gaseous fuel received from the reservoir of gaseous fuel and supplies the compressed
gaseous fuel to the internal combustion engine.
The present invention provides in a third aspect a method of operating a compressor located on board a vehicle which has an internal combustion engine which uses gaseous fuel and a reservoir for pressurised gaseous fuel, the method comprising the steps of using the compressor in a first mode of operation to compress gaseous fuel supplied from a source external of the vehicle and supplying the compressed gaseous fuel to fill the reservoir of pressurised gaseous fuel, and using the compressor in a second mode of operation to compress gaseous fuel supplied from the reservoir and supplying the compressed gaseous fuel to the internal combustion engine.
A preferred embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying figure which is a schematic illustration of a vehicle comprising an internal combustion engine, a cylinder containing compressed natural gas and a compressor system according to the present invention.
Referring to the attached drawing there can be seen in the drawing a vehicle 10 which is shown in a simple schematic form. The vehicle 10 comprises an internal combustion engine 11. The internal combustion engine 11 is a direct-injection internal combustion engine. It comprises injectors which inject fuel directly into the combustion chambers of the engine.
The internal combustion engine 11 uses compressed natural gas as fuel.
The compressed natural gas fuel is stored in a gas cylinder 12. A pipe 13 connects the high pressure
gas cylinder 12 to a compressor 14. The compressor 14 is then connected via a supply pipe 15 to the internal combustion engine 11 to supply gas to the engine 11.
Functioning of the internal combustion engine 11 is controlled by an electronic control unit 16. The electronic control unit 16 also controls the compressor 14 by a control signal sent along the electrical control line 17. In the preferred embodiment a compressor 14 is electrically powered from a battery (not shown) of the vehicle, although the compressor 14 could be powered mechanically by a drive taken from the internal combustion engine 11.
The disadvantage of the latter approach is that the compressor 14 would only work when the engine is working. It is possible that a hybrid solution could be pursued in which the compressor 14 can be either powered electrically or powered mechanically.
The compressor 14 is connected by a gas supply line 18 to a refuelling nozzle 19. The refuelling nozzle 19 is accessible from the exterior of the vehicle.
The compressor 14 is a dual purpose compressor.
The first purpose of the compressor 14 is to compress natural gas supplied from a domestic gas supply. The domestic gas supply at a domicile would be connected by a suitable pipe to the refuelling nozzle 19. Once the domestic gas supply is connected to the refuelling nozzle 19 then gas supplied would be compressed by the compressor 14 from the typical low supply pressure of O. lBar to a pressure of 200-250Bar and the high pressure compressed gas would then be supplied by the gas pipe 13 to fill the gas cylinder 12.
The second purpose of the compressor 14 will be to compress gas supplied from the gas cylinder 12 to the engine 11 when the pressure of gas remaining in the gas cylinder 12 is too low to feed the injectors of the engine 11, i. e. when the compressed natural gas in the cylinder 12 has a pressure which is below the required injection pressure of the injectors (this is typically in the range of 30-lOOBar). The compressor 14 would compress the gas taken from the cylinder 12 until it reaches an acceptable pressure level.
The compressor 14 will in a preferred embodiment comprise a pressure regulator which will reduce the pressure of the gas supplied from the cylinder 12 when the pressure in the cylinder 12 exceeds the pressure required by the injectors.
In Figure 1 there can be seen a pressure sensor 20 which measures the pressure of the gas in the cylinder 12 and sends a signal via an electrical connection 21 to the engine control unit 16. The engine control unit 16 can thereby control the compressor 14 to compress the gas supplied from the reservoir 12 via the gas line 13 only when the pressure of the gas in the cylinder 12 falls below the pressure required by the injectors of the internal combustion engine 11.
The vehicle 10 in the preferred embodiment is a motor car. However, the vehicle 10 could be a commercial vehicle, e. g. a truck, a water vehicle, e. g. a boat or hovercraft, or indeed an aircraft such as a light aeroplane.

Claims (20)

1. A compressor system for use on board a vehicle comprising : a gas compressor; first conduit for connecting the gas compressor to a supply external of the vehicle; and a second conduit for connecting the gas compressor to a reservoir of compressed gas located on board the vehicle ; and a third conduit for connecting the gas compressor to an internal combustion engine located on board the vehicle; wherein: the compressor has a first mode of operation in which the gas compressor receives gas from the external gas supply via the first conduit, compresses the received gas and supplies the compressed gas to the reservoir of compressed gas via the second conduit ; and the compressor has a second mode of operation in which the gas compressor receives gas from the reservoir of pressurised gas via the second conduit compresses the received gas and supplies the compressed gas to the internal combustion engine via the third conduit.
2. A compressor system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the compressor in the first mode of operation thereof compresses the gas received from the external gas supply to a pressure in the range of 200 to 250 bar.
3. A compressor system as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the compressor in the second mode of operation thereof compresses the gas received from the reservoir of compressed gas to a pressure in the range of 30 to 100 bar.
4. A compressor system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the compressor has a third mode of operation in which compressed gas is allowed to flow from the reservoir of compressed gas via the second conduit through the compressor to be supplied via the third conduit to the internal combustion engine without the compressor compressing the gas received from the reservoir of compressed gas.
5. A compressor system as claimed in claim 4 comprising a pressure regulator which during the third mode of operation reduces the pressure of the gas received from the reservoir of compressed gas via the second conduit before the gas is supplied to the internal combustion engine via the third conduit.
6. A vehicle comprising: an internal combustion engine which uses a gaseous fuel; a reservoir of compressed gaseous fuel ; a compressor on board the vehicle connected to the internal combustion engine and the reservoir of compressed gaseous fuel; a connection means for connecting the compressor to a gaseous fuel supply pipe external of the vehicle ; wherein: the compressor has a first mode of operation in which the compressor compresses gaseous fuel received from the external gaseous fuel supply pipe and supplies the compressed gaseous fuel to the reservoir of compressed gaseous fuel ; and the compressor has a second mode of operation in which the compressor comprises gaseous fuel received from the reservoir of gaseous fuel and supplies the compressed gaseous fuel to the internal combustion engine.
7. A vehicle as claimed in claim 6 wherein the compressor in the first mode of operation thereof compresses the gas received from the external gas supply to a pressure in the range of 200 to 250 bar.
8. A vehicle as claimed in claim 7 wherein the compressor in the second mode of operation thereof compresses the gas received from the reservoir of gaseous fuel to a pressure in the range 30 to 100 bar.
9. A vehicle as claimed in any one of claims 6 to 8 wherein the internal combustion engine is a direct injection engine in which the gaseous fuel is directly injected into each combustion chamber of the engine.
10. A vehicle as claimed in any one of claims 6 to 9 comprising a pressure sensor for sensing pressure of compressed gaseous fuel in the reservoir and electric control means which controls the compressor having regard to an electrical pressure signal produced by the pressure sensor, the electric control means controlling the compressor to compress the gaseous fuel supplied from the reservoir of compressed gaseous fuel only when the pressure signal indicates that the measured pressure has fallen below a threshold level.
11. A vehicle as claimed in claim 10 wherein the gaseous fuel is supplied from the reservoir of gaseous fuel to the internal combustion engine without being compressed by the compressor when the measured pressure is above the threshold level.
12. A vehicle as claimed in claim 11 comprising a pressure regulator which can reduce the pressure of the gaseous fuel supplied from the reservoir to the
internal combustion engine when the measured pressure is above the threshold level.
13. A method of operating a compressor located on board a vehicle which has an internal combustion engine which uses gaseous fuel and a reservoir for pressurised gaseous fuel, the method comprising the steps of: using the compressor in a first mode of operation to compress gaseous fuel supplied from a source external of the vehicle and supplying the compressed gaseous fuel to fill the reservoir of pressurised gaseous fuel; and using the compressor in a second mode of operation to compress gaseous fuel supplied from the reservoir and supplying the compressed gaseous fuel to the internal combustion engine.
14. A method as claimed in claim 13 wherein the gas supplied from the source external of the vehicle is compressed to a pressure in the range 200 to 250 bar.
15. A method as claimed in claim 13 or claim 14 wherein the gas supplied from the reservoir of pressurised gas is compressed to a pressure in the range 30 to 100 bar.
16. A method as claimed in any one of claims 13 to 15 wherein the compressor is used to compress gas received from an external source comprising a domestic gas supply.
17. A method as claimed in any one of claims 13 to 16 wherein the gaseous fuel compressed by the compressor is natural gas.
18. A compressor system substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as shown in the accompanying drawing.
19. A vehicle substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as shown in the accompanying drawing.
20. A method of operating a compressor located on board a vehicle substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
GB0100645A 2001-01-10 2001-01-10 A compressor system,a vehicle comprising an on board compressor and a method of use of a compressor apparatus located on board a vehicle Expired - Fee Related GB2371029B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0100645A GB2371029B (en) 2001-01-10 2001-01-10 A compressor system,a vehicle comprising an on board compressor and a method of use of a compressor apparatus located on board a vehicle

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0100645A GB2371029B (en) 2001-01-10 2001-01-10 A compressor system,a vehicle comprising an on board compressor and a method of use of a compressor apparatus located on board a vehicle

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB0100645D0 GB0100645D0 (en) 2001-02-21
GB2371029A true GB2371029A (en) 2002-07-17
GB2371029B GB2371029B (en) 2002-11-27

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GB0100645A Expired - Fee Related GB2371029B (en) 2001-01-10 2001-01-10 A compressor system,a vehicle comprising an on board compressor and a method of use of a compressor apparatus located on board a vehicle

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015175929A1 (en) * 2014-05-16 2015-11-19 Adsorbed Natural Gas Products, Inc. Sorbent-based low pressure gaseous fuel delivery system
US9279420B2 (en) 2013-05-31 2016-03-08 Intellectual Property Holdings, Llc Natural gas compressor
US10113696B1 (en) 2017-06-30 2018-10-30 Adsorbed Natural Gas Products, Inc. Integrated on-board low-pressure adsorbed natural gas storage system for an adsorbed natural gas vehicle

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0211115A1 (en) * 1985-07-30 1987-02-25 Mobile Natural Gas Inc. Natural gas adaptor system for automobiles
US5501200A (en) * 1994-06-28 1996-03-26 Bogartz; Stuart P. Compressed gas fueling system
EP0812980A2 (en) * 1996-06-12 1997-12-17 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. An Internal combustion engine system fueled by a gaseous fuel, a gaseous fueling system for an internal combustion engine and a method of fueling an internal combustion engine

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0211115A1 (en) * 1985-07-30 1987-02-25 Mobile Natural Gas Inc. Natural gas adaptor system for automobiles
US5501200A (en) * 1994-06-28 1996-03-26 Bogartz; Stuart P. Compressed gas fueling system
EP0812980A2 (en) * 1996-06-12 1997-12-17 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. An Internal combustion engine system fueled by a gaseous fuel, a gaseous fueling system for an internal combustion engine and a method of fueling an internal combustion engine

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9279420B2 (en) 2013-05-31 2016-03-08 Intellectual Property Holdings, Llc Natural gas compressor
WO2015175929A1 (en) * 2014-05-16 2015-11-19 Adsorbed Natural Gas Products, Inc. Sorbent-based low pressure gaseous fuel delivery system
US9541032B2 (en) 2014-05-16 2017-01-10 Adsorbed Natural Gas Products, Inc. Sorbent-based low pressure gaseous fuel delivery system
US10113696B1 (en) 2017-06-30 2018-10-30 Adsorbed Natural Gas Products, Inc. Integrated on-board low-pressure adsorbed natural gas storage system for an adsorbed natural gas vehicle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB0100645D0 (en) 2001-02-21
GB2371029B (en) 2002-11-27

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20100110