GB2257737A - Hollow reinforced pile sections - Google Patents
Hollow reinforced pile sections Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2257737A GB2257737A GB9214844A GB9214844A GB2257737A GB 2257737 A GB2257737 A GB 2257737A GB 9214844 A GB9214844 A GB 9214844A GB 9214844 A GB9214844 A GB 9214844A GB 2257737 A GB2257737 A GB 2257737A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- pile
- pile section
- section according
- sections
- connected together
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012260 resinous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007569 slipcasting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/22—Piles
- E02D5/24—Prefabricated piles
- E02D5/30—Prefabricated piles made of concrete or reinforced concrete or made of steel and concrete
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/22—Piles
- E02D5/52—Piles composed of separable parts, e.g. telescopic tubes ; Piles composed of segments
- E02D5/523—Piles composed of separable parts, e.g. telescopic tubes ; Piles composed of segments composed of segments
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/22—Piles
- E02D5/58—Prestressed concrete piles
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
Abstract
A pile section 10 is formed of concrete and is provided with a longitudinally extending passage 12 and with only longitudinally extending reinforcing members 14 cast into the concrete. The reinforcing members may be aligned by elongate members (30, fig 4) extending between the reinforcing members. Two types of connectors are disclosed (figs 2, 3, 6 & 7). <IMAGE>
Description
Improvements in or relating to
Hollow Reinforced Pile Sections
The present invention concerns improvements in or relating to hollow reinforced pile sections.
It is well known in the piling industry to use concrete piles. In view of the characteristics of concrete it is generally important to provide steel reinforcement within the piles and invariably this reinforcement comprises of one or more steel members extending in the longitudinal direction of the pile and a plurality of circumferential members which may be helically arranged, may be circumferential links, or may be included in a mesh.
The mechanical characteristics of such piles are determined by calculation based on their ability to withstand a predetermined load but it has been found in practice that it is seldom if ever that the maximum load characteristics can be utilised, not as a result of failure of the pile but as a result of failure of the ground into which it is driven. As a result of this, piles are often not utilised to their full design capability and it is an object of the present invention to obviate or mitigate this disadvantage.
According to the present invention there is provided a pile sections having a hollow concrete member provided with only longitudinally extending reinforcing means cast into the concrete.
Preferably the pile section has a square outer crosssection with a circular passage therethrough. A longitudinally extending reinforcing member may be arranged adjacent each corner thereof.
Preferably the reinforcing members are pretensioned during the manufacture of the pile section.
Alignment means may be used to align the reinforcing members during formation of the pile section.
Preferably, the alignment means comprise a plurality of elongate members extending between the reinforcing members. The elongate members may extend substantially perpendicularly to the reinforcing members to define a plurality of rectangles arranged along the reinforcing members.
Preferably the pile sections are formed by a slip casting machine.
Connecting means may be provided to connect the pile section to an adjacent pile section. In a first embodiment, the connecting means comprise first and second pile section end caps. The first pile section end cap may comprise a first portion adapted to be inserted into one of the pile sections to be connected together and a second portion having an external configuration substantially the same as the configuration of the pile section. A protrusion may extend upwardly from the second portion.
In the first embodiment, the second pile section end cap is adapted to be inserted into the other of the pile sections to be connected together. The second pile section cap is preferably provided with a recess to receive the protrusion on the first pile section end cap thereby securing the pile sections together. An adhesive may be used to secure the protrusion in the recess.
In a second embodiment, the connecting means comprise a connecting member adapted to be inserted into the ends of the pile sections to be connected together.
An adhesive may be used to secure the ends of the pile sections to each other. The adhesive may comprise a mixture of an epoxy resin and sand or an asphaltic mortar such as a mixture of bitumen and sand.
The connecting member is preferably cylindrical in cross-section and may have an outside diameter substantially equal to the inside diameter of the pile sections to be connected together. A projection may extend around the connecting member at the central region thereof, the connecting member being adapted to be inserted into the pile sections to be connected together such that the projection extends between the pile section. The projection may be in the form of a crimp in the connecting member.
In the second embodiment, a cushioning member may be arranged between the ends of the pile sections to be connected together. The cushioning member may be formed of metal and is conveniently in the form of a metal netting, preferably expanded metal. A suitable such netting is known as EXPAMET.
An embodiment of the present invention will now be described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawing in which:
Fig. 1 shows a cross-section through a pile section;
Fig. 2 shows a side elevation of a first end member;
Fig. 3 shows a side elevation of a second end member;
Fig. 4 shows a further cross-sectional through a pile section;
Fig. 5 is a schematic side view of reinforcing members to be included in a pile section;
Fig. 6 shows a connecting member for connecting two pile sections together; and
Fig. 7 shows the connecting member of Fig. 6 in use, but with a portion of the pile sections cut away for clarity.
The pile sections of the present invention is formed from concrete 10 and has a square external cross-section. A circular cross-section passage 12 extends completely through the pile and within the concrete 10 of the pile section there are set four steel reinforcing members 14 which are continuous and extend at least over the full length of the pile section.
It is important to note that the pile section contains only longitudinally extending reinforcing members and not any reinforcement extending in the transverse direction of the pile section, for example, helical reinforcement, reinforcement ribs or reinforcement mesh.
Fig. 4 shows a pile section in which alignment means in the form of transversley extending members 30 (shown in phantom in Fig. 4) are secured to the reinforcing members 14 before the pile section 10 is formed. The members 30 serve only to locate the reinforcing members 14 in the correct alignment during formation of the pile section. As can be seen from Fig.
4, the transverse members 30 define a square. A plurality of these squares are arranged at spaced intervals along the length of the reinforcing members 14, as shown in Fig. 5. The transverse members 30 act only to align the reinforcing members 14, they provide substantially no reinforcing effects.
A pile section is thus produced which, while achieving the desired load bearing characteristics, is much less expensive due to the reduced volume of concrete therein and the absence of reinforcement apart from the longitudinally extending reinforcing means.
To provide interconnection between pile sections of the type described in the preceding paragraphs when a plurality of such sections are arranged in an end to end relationship, each pile section is provided at its end with caps or blocks as illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3, the cap of Fig. 2 providing a male member and that of Fig. 3 a female member.
Fig. 2 shows a pile section cap which is moulded from a fibre reinforced resinous material and has an upper portion 20 whose external configuration conforms with that of the pile section and a lower portion 22 having a circular cross-section of a diameter equal to the diameter of the passage through the pile section. A steel pin 24 is moulded into and protrudes from the upper member 20 at its centre.
A pile section end cap of this configuration is fixed to the end of the pile section with the lower member 22 in the passage 12 in the pile section and is bonded to the pile section by use of a suitable adhesive.
At the other end of the pile section there is inserted into the passage 12 a cylindrical female end cap 26 whose external diameter is equal to the internal diameter of the passage 12 through the pile section and which is provided with a cylindrical recess 28 to accommodate the protruding end of a pin 24 when two pile sections are joined in end to end relationship. Once again the female member 26 is moulded from fibre reinforced synthetic material and is fixed into the pile section by adhesive.
An alternative means for connecting two pile sections 10, 10' together, is shown in Figs. 6 and 7.
Fig. 6 shows a tubular steel connecting member 32 adapted to be inserted into the ends of the pile sections 10, 10' to be connected together, as shown in
Fig. 7. The connecting member 32 comprises a central portion 34 which is crimped such that it projects outwardly. The connecting member 32 also comprises two substantially cylindrical portions 36, 38. When the cylindrical member 32 is disposed in the pile sections 10, 10' to be connected together, the central portion 34 lies between the two pile sections 10, 10' and the cylindrical portion, 36, 38 are inserted inside the passages 12, 12' of the pile sections 10, 10' respectively.The outside diameter of the cylindrical portions 36, 38 is substantially equal to the inside diameter of the passages 12, 12'
A cushioning member in the form of an expanded metal netting 40 is arranged between the two pile sections 10, 10' in the gap 42 therebetween. The gap 42 is shown exaggerated in Fig. 7 for the sake of clarity.
Expanded metal netting is well known in the art and is often known as EXPAMET. An asphaltic mortar, for example a mixture of aqueous bitumen and sand is applied to both sides and the interstices of the netting 40 and during the pile driving operation serves as an absorber of shocks at the pile section ends caused by the pile driving operation. The mortar is not forced out of the joint as it is retained in the interstices of the netting.
Thus, it will be appreciated that several pile sections could be connected together end to end using the means shown in Figs. 2 and 3 or in Figs. 6 and 7.
It is preferable that the reinforcing members which may be rods or wires are pre-tensioned and this is achieved by casting the pile section around the reinforcing members which, prior to casting, have had a tensile load applied thereto.
Obviously the reduction in concrete and reinforcing steel reduces the weight of the pile section and eases handling thereof.
Typically, a pile section designed to replace a conventional 100 tonne pile section has a 305mm (12") square external profile with a 229mm (9") diameter passage extending therethrough. The length of the pile section is typically 12-14 metres maximum.
A pile section of the invention adapted to replace a conventional 56 tonne pile has a square external cross-section of 229mm (9") and a 178mm (7") diameter passage extending therethrough.
Various modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention, for example, the external cross-section of the pile section could be circular or any convenient shape and the through passage could be square, rectangular or any other convenient shape. The number of longitudinal reinforcing members may be increased or decreased from the four described above with reference to the drawing. Additional reinforcing in the form of steel or synthetic fibres may be mixed in with the concrete.
In a further modification relating to the connecting member shown in Figs. 6 and 7. The member takes the form of a tubular steel connecting member 32 which, in place of the crimped central portion 34 has an expanded metal netting attached around its centre. The netting therefore serves two purposes the first being to hold the settable material in its interstices as described above, the second being to locate the tubular connecting member between adjacent pile sections.
Claims (22)
1. A pile section having a hollow concrete member provided with only longitudinally extending reinforcing means cast into the concrete.
2. A pile section according to claim 1 which has a square outer cross-section with a circular passage therethrough and a longitudinally extending reinforcing member arranged adjacent each corner thereof.
3. A pile section according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the reinforcing members are pre-tensioned during the manufacture of the pile section.
4. A pile section according to any of claims 1 to 3 wherein alignment means are used to align the reinforcing members during formation of the pile section.
5. A pile section according to claim 4 wherein the alignment means comprises a plurality of elongate members extending between the reinforcing members, the elongate members extending substantially perpendicularly to the reinforcing members to define a plurality of rectangles arranged along the reinforcing members.
6. A pile section according to any preceding claims, including connecting means to connect the pile section to an adjacent pile section.
7. A pile section according to claim 6, wherein the connecting means comprises a first and second pile section end cap.
8. A pile section according to claim 7 wherein, the first pile section end cap comprises a first portion adapted to be inserted into one of the pile sections to be connected together and a second portion having an external configuration substantially the same as the configuration of the pile section.
9. A pile section according to claim 8, wherein a protrusion extends upwardly from the second portion.
10. A pile section according to claim 9 wherein the second pile end cap is adapted to be inserted into the other of the pile sections to be connected together.
11. A pile section according to claim 10 wherein the second pile section cap is provided with a recess to relieve the protrusion on the first pile section end cap thereby securing the pile sections together.
12. A pile section according to claim 5, wherein the connecting means comprises a single connecting member adapted to be inserted into the ends of both pile sections to be connected together.
13. A pile section according to claim 12, wherein an adhesive is used to secure the ends of the pile sections to each other, the adhesive comprising either a mixture of an epoxy resin and sand, or an asphaltic mortar.
14. A pile section according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the connecting member is cylindrical in cross-section and has an outside diameter substantially equal to the inside diameter of the pile sections to be connected together.
15. A pile section according to claim 14, wherein a projection extends around the connecting member at the central region thereof, the connecting member being adapted to be inserted into the pile section to be connected together such that the projection extends between the pile sections.
16. A pile section according to claim 15, wherein the projection is in the form of a crimp in the connecting member.
17. A pile section according to any of claims 12 to 16 wherein a cushioning member is arranged between the ends of the pile section to be connected together.
18. A pile section according to claim 17 wherein the cushioning member is formed of metal and is in the form of a metal netting.
19. A pile section according to claim 19 wherein the metal netting is expanded metal.
20. A pile section according to claim 15 wherein the projection from the connecting member comprises the cushioning member claimed in claim 18 or claim 19.
21. A pile section substantially as herein described with reference to and as shown in the accompanying drawings.
22. Any novel subject matter or combination including novel subject matter disclosed in the foregoing specification or claims and/or shown in the drawings, whether or not within the scope of or relating to the same invention as any of the preceding claims.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB919115605A GB9115605D0 (en) | 1991-07-19 | 1991-07-19 | Improvements in or relating to hollow reinforced piles |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9214844D0 GB9214844D0 (en) | 1992-08-26 |
| GB2257737A true GB2257737A (en) | 1993-01-20 |
Family
ID=10698620
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB919115605A Pending GB9115605D0 (en) | 1991-07-19 | 1991-07-19 | Improvements in or relating to hollow reinforced piles |
| GB9214844A Withdrawn GB2257737A (en) | 1991-07-19 | 1992-07-13 | Hollow reinforced pile sections |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB919115605A Pending GB9115605D0 (en) | 1991-07-19 | 1991-07-19 | Improvements in or relating to hollow reinforced piles |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (2) | GB9115605D0 (en) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL1006875C2 (en) * | 1997-08-28 | 1999-03-08 | Pieter Van T Wout | Multi section, reinforced concrete pile |
| GB2363150A (en) * | 2000-05-20 | 2001-12-12 | Roxbury Ltd | Spigot and socket pile section connection |
| GB2363151A (en) * | 2000-05-20 | 2001-12-12 | Roxbury Ltd | Resilient gasket for pile sections |
| CN101892662A (en) * | 2010-08-19 | 2010-11-24 | 上海中技桩业股份有限公司 | Prestressed concrete square pile |
| CN102031777A (en) * | 2011-01-11 | 2011-04-27 | 凌德祥 | Prestressed reinforced concrete uplift hollow pillar with connection structure and connection method thereof |
| CN102747727A (en) * | 2012-07-30 | 2012-10-24 | 天津建城基业集团有限公司 | Prestressed concrete centrifugal square pile |
| CN102767179A (en) * | 2012-08-01 | 2012-11-07 | 天津建城基业集团有限公司 | Polygonal pre-stressed pile |
| CN103572753A (en) * | 2012-08-09 | 2014-02-12 | 上海中技桩业股份有限公司 | Partial prestressed concrete hollow triangular pile |
| NL2019619A (en) * | 2016-09-22 | 2018-03-27 | Oskar Peter Henriette Pudelko | FOUNDATION METHOD, FOUNDATION COLUMN AND VIBRATION ABSORPTION BODY |
| CN111236210A (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2020-06-05 | 福建省兴岩建筑科技有限公司 | Hollow square pile with high-strength prestress |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1079279A (en) * | 1965-05-27 | 1967-08-16 | Nippon Concrete Ind Co Ltd | Improvements in or relating to prestressed concrete pile sections |
| GB2154636A (en) * | 1984-02-28 | 1985-09-11 | Juei Jse Lin | Improved precast concrete pile and method of placing it in the ground |
-
1991
- 1991-07-19 GB GB919115605A patent/GB9115605D0/en active Pending
-
1992
- 1992-07-13 GB GB9214844A patent/GB2257737A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1079279A (en) * | 1965-05-27 | 1967-08-16 | Nippon Concrete Ind Co Ltd | Improvements in or relating to prestressed concrete pile sections |
| GB2154636A (en) * | 1984-02-28 | 1985-09-11 | Juei Jse Lin | Improved precast concrete pile and method of placing it in the ground |
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL1006875C2 (en) * | 1997-08-28 | 1999-03-08 | Pieter Van T Wout | Multi section, reinforced concrete pile |
| GB2363150A (en) * | 2000-05-20 | 2001-12-12 | Roxbury Ltd | Spigot and socket pile section connection |
| GB2363151A (en) * | 2000-05-20 | 2001-12-12 | Roxbury Ltd | Resilient gasket for pile sections |
| GB2363151B (en) * | 2000-05-20 | 2004-05-26 | Roxbury Ltd | Improvements in or relating to piles |
| CN101892662B (en) * | 2010-08-19 | 2012-07-04 | 上海中技桩业股份有限公司 | Prestressed concrete square pile |
| CN101892662A (en) * | 2010-08-19 | 2010-11-24 | 上海中技桩业股份有限公司 | Prestressed concrete square pile |
| CN102031777A (en) * | 2011-01-11 | 2011-04-27 | 凌德祥 | Prestressed reinforced concrete uplift hollow pillar with connection structure and connection method thereof |
| CN102747727A (en) * | 2012-07-30 | 2012-10-24 | 天津建城基业集团有限公司 | Prestressed concrete centrifugal square pile |
| CN102767179A (en) * | 2012-08-01 | 2012-11-07 | 天津建城基业集团有限公司 | Polygonal pre-stressed pile |
| CN103572753A (en) * | 2012-08-09 | 2014-02-12 | 上海中技桩业股份有限公司 | Partial prestressed concrete hollow triangular pile |
| CN103572753B (en) * | 2012-08-09 | 2016-02-03 | 上海中技桩业股份有限公司 | A kind of partially prestressed concrete hollow triangular pile |
| NL2019619A (en) * | 2016-09-22 | 2018-03-27 | Oskar Peter Henriette Pudelko | FOUNDATION METHOD, FOUNDATION COLUMN AND VIBRATION ABSORPTION BODY |
| WO2018084697A1 (en) * | 2016-09-22 | 2018-05-11 | Pudelko Oskar Peter Henriette | Foundation method, foundation column part, and vibration absorption member |
| CN111236210A (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2020-06-05 | 福建省兴岩建筑科技有限公司 | Hollow square pile with high-strength prestress |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB9115605D0 (en) | 1991-09-04 |
| GB9214844D0 (en) | 1992-08-26 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |