GB2137255A - Low density concrete walls - Google Patents
Low density concrete walls Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2137255A GB2137255A GB08404895A GB8404895A GB2137255A GB 2137255 A GB2137255 A GB 2137255A GB 08404895 A GB08404895 A GB 08404895A GB 8404895 A GB8404895 A GB 8404895A GB 2137255 A GB2137255 A GB 2137255A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- house structure
- internal
- structure according
- wall
- concrete
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000009408 flooring Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011513 prestressed concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011372 high-strength concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004794 expanded polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000246 remedial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010454 slate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B1/7608—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising a prefabricated insulating layer, disposed between two other layers or panels
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
Abstract
A house construction includes an inner skin slab of low density concrete (shown on the left of Figure), having a low thermal conductivity, and an outer skin of conventional cladding such as brickwork. The slabs of the inner skin have dimensions which represent a substantial area of any given wall. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
House constructions
This invention relates to house constructions.
Over the past century numerous proposals have been made with a view to reducing the amount of work in situ for domestic house construction. A few of the proposals have been transformed into actual practical construction but the so-called "system housing" has until recently achieved little popular success owing to various defects but more frequently, objections have been raised on aesthetic grounds.
Of recent years timber-framed housing has become popular because it is possible to combine housing with traditional appearance in combination with a system which reduces site work. Timber-framed houses have become popular particularly with large scale builders because of the tendency to reduce capital charges resulting from the rapidity of completion of the house so that although a base and connecting services can be laid on site on a speculative basis completion of the house itself need take place only after a specific order has been given by a customer. Up to the present time, timber framed housing has been successful because attention to detail has been sufficiently good so far to avoid problems resulting from timber becoming damp or wet under enclosed conditions.With the spread of timber framed housing to smaller builders where supervision is sometimes inadequate the risk arises that attention to detail at the site level will reduce with the result that in due course a proportion of houses are likely to suffer from rot in the timber framework with consequent need for very expensive remedial action.
Houses of concrete, whether based on a frame construction or relying on the strength of large panels have proved unpopular both on aesthetic as well as practical grounds. If the walls are made of concrete it becomes extremely difficult to carry out any post construction installation of services, and even support of internal fittings such as wall-hung cupboards becomes a major problem because of the extreme hardness of conventional concrete, Another disadvantage arising from use of conventional concrete is the high thermal conductivity which encourages internal condensation with resultant very unpleasant living conditions.
According to the present invetnion in a first aspect, there is provided a house structure comprising an internal wall of low density concrete having a low thermal conductivity and spaced therefrom an external wall of brickwork or other cladding.
According to the present invention in a second aspect there is provided a house structure comprising internal walls of low density concrete having good thermal properties, each wall being formed from slabs, each having a length dimension equal to a substantial proportion of the overall length of the wall land extending vertically by an amount equal to the height of one storey, and connectors of corrosion-resistant metal serving to secure adjacent slabs.
According to the present invention in a third aspect there is provided a house structure comprising an internal skin of low density concrete, a layer of thermally-insulating material applied to the outwardly-directed face of that skin and an external skin of brickwork, or other external cladding, the external skin being spaced by a cavity from the thermallyinsulating layer.
According to the present invention in fourth aspect there is provided a house structure comprising walls and at least one floor structure supported from the walls, the floor structure comprising reinforced or prestressed concrete members of channel section with the outer face of the base of each channel facing downwardly, battens of wood secured to and extending transversely of the channels and floorboards or other conventional flooring members secured to the battens.
According to the present invention in a fifth aspect, there is provided a house structure comprising a floor structure and means defining a stairwell, the said means including an Lsection reinforced or prestressed concrete beam defining the upper limit of the stairs and floor members with end portions thereof resting on the upper surface of the horizontal limb of the L-section beam.
According to the present invention in a sixth aspect, there is provided a house structure comprising an internal skin of low density concrete, and an outer skin of brickwork or other cladding, both skins having window and door openings with the lintel structure spanning the openings of the internal skin of higher strength concrete than that of the internal skin as a whole.
According to the present invention in a seventh aspect there is provided a system of levelling two adjacent beam members relative to one another as installed comprising the steps of providing chamfers between the lowermost face and each upwardly extending side face of each beam member, mounting a first beam member in situ, placing a second beam member alongside the first beam member, introducing a part of a tool between the adjacent beam member and engaging the under surface of the second beam member with the tool, acting on a lever of the tool to raise the second beam until the upper surface becomes level with the corresponding surface of the first beam, introducing a plurality of retainer members between the first and second members, such retainer members including a screwed rod having a portion which engages the chamfers of the two beams and a block assembly which can be tightened against the upper surfaces of the two beam members, whereby the matching cambers of the beam members produced by the lever action are maintained, and finally removing the lever tool.
According to the present invention in an eighth aspect there is provided an aligning and connecting device for use between four slabs or panels with two of the slabs at right angles to the other two slabs, the device comprising two external plates at right angles to one another and two internal plates at right angles to one another, the plates being interconnected by a horizontal plate which is arranged to be engaged between two of the slabs arranged one above the other and also between the other two slabs arranged one above the other.
By the term "low density concrete" it is intended generally to mean herein a concrete incorporating a light-weight aggregate such as pummice, expanded clay, expanded slate, sintered pulverized fuel ash, or incorporating an aggregate of normal density but with air trapped between the larger aggregate particles.
Certain aspects of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a fragmentary side elevation of two slabs or panels of concrete, one at right angles to the other and illustrating securing means;
Figure 2 is a plan view of Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a fragmentary side elevation illustrating a corner shoe which ensures vertical and horizontal alignment of adjacent concrete slabs or panels;
Figure 3A is a plan view of the corner shoe of Fig. 3 but with the slabs omitted;
Figure 4 illustrates a system for equalizing the camber of adjacent channel section beams of a flooring structure; and
Figure 5 illustrates a fragment of a flooring structure after the method of Figure 4 has been completed.
The remaining un-numbered Figures illustrate details of the various aspects of the invention hereinbefore outlined.
The most important aspect of this invention lies in the use for the inner skin panels of large slabs of low density concrete which has a high proportion of relatively small sized aggregate and a relatively low proportion of sand and grit. An appropriate amount of cement will be incorporated to give adequate strength for the stresses likely to be encountered in housing construction. In a house of comparatively small size, say, two or three bedrooms each panel will extend over the total length of one wall and will have a height of the order of three metres or approximately the height of one storey of the house. The upper floor or floors will be constructed of separate panels and the panels will be interconnected as illustrated in Figures 1 to 3. A vertical panel 10 is in abutting relationship with a second vertical panel 12.The panel 12 first receives two holes 14, which are relatively easily formed in the "soft", low density concrete. Transverse apertures 16 in the panel 10 and holes 18 extending parallel to the surfaces of the panel 12 are then formed so that holes 18 intersect the holes 14. A plastic plug 20 is then inserted in each hole 14 and stainless steel screwed pins are engaged in the apertures 16, the holes 18 and finally in the plastic plugs 20. By the use of low density, relatively soft concrete the screwd threads of the pins may provide a securing force in relation to the holes 18, but primarily the securing force is provided by engagement of the end portions of the screwed pins in the plastic plugs. This securing means will be sufficient to withstand the stresses normally encountered.
As an alternative, unillustrated securing means, corrosion resistant straps are engaged in appropriately sized grooves in adjacent slabs or panels and are secured to the panels by conventional self-tapping screwed pins.
The straps will be rectilinear or angled dependant upon whether the panels to be connected are aligned or at right angles to one another.
One of the reasons for selecting the particular range of concrete grades is that conventional concrete would strip the thread of a self-tapping screw unless made of exceptionally hard and therefore expensive material. A further reason for selection of the particular grade of concrete is that the large amount of air trapped in the cured concrete gives a thermal-insulating value appreciably greater than conventional concrete and is approximately the same as for breeze-block material.
Another reason for selecting the particular range of concrete mixes is the ease with which channels can be chased and internal fixings secured after the house has been completed, together with the ease of insertion of ties between the internal skin of lightweight concrete and the cladding selected.
As illustrated in Figure 3 two pairs of vertical panels or slabs can be aligned and interconnected by a shoe member 70, but this will be used as an aid to erection rather than a substitute for the connection arrangement illustrated in Figures 1 and 2. However, the possibility cannot be eliminated that the shoe member will be used alone.
The shoe member comprises two vertical external plates 72,73 with the plate 72 at right angles to the plate 73. Two vertical internal plates 74,76 are also incorporated, and these plates may taper as illustrated in the Figure. The internal and external plates are interconnected by a horizontal plate 78 which extends over an area corresponding with the free edges of the internal and external plates, but is chamfered at 79 across the internal corner of the external plates. The shoe member will be seen to provide for accurate alignment and angular relationship of the four panels and will restrain relative movement after assembly in conjunction with the selfweight of the panels.
One consequence of the particular basic form of construction is that many different forms of cladding or external skins may be used, ranging from conventional bricks to brick-slips, clapboard, wooden cladding, tile hanging and so on. The ease with which the ties, battens and so on can be secured to the inner skin all result from the particular choice of aggregate and mix.
The low density concrete slabs can be manufactured in a factory on special tables, known in themselves which provide for vibratory action to consolidate the mix and because it is possible to provide an accurately plane undersurface to the panel at the manufacturing stage correspondingly the internal surface of the skin when erected will be ideal from the standpoint of application of plaster, both because of the excellent planeness of the surface and its generally open character and consequent good keying. properties. A dry applied lining, such as plaster-board can also be used to advantage even if the lining is brittle, since the precision of planeness will avoid any local stresses in the lining.The rather less perfect opposite face of the panel is of no consequence since it will not be seen and the securing of thermally insulating panels and a vapour barrier will not demand the same degree of planeness as for the plaster on the internal face.
The face of the panel defining one boundary of the conventional cavity may carry a heavy-duty polyethylene sheet to act as a vapour barrier and this will in turn carry an insulation layer of expanded polystyrene of about 50mm. thickness. The overall cavity spacing including the insulating layer will be approximately l00mm. and the external skin or cladding will be of conventional brickwork held to the internal skin by galvanized or stainless steel tie rods together with insulation retainer clips and cavity spacers.
The use of channel-section concrete beams to act as units of a flooring structure is conventional, particularly in large size buildings. However, in accordance with the fourth aspect of the present invention, prestressed channel section members may be incorporated in the structure with the outer surfaces of the base of the channel facing downwardly. Preferably, each channel section member has two outer limbs which are relatively thick and have a greater height and one or two inner limbs of smaller thickness and lower height. A partial end view is illustrated in the accompanying drawings "Stairwell detail: Type 2B: Nonbearing Section". The floor as a whole will be completed by battens laid across and secured to the end faces of the two outer limbs and floorboards, plywood or chipwood, will be laid on the battens to act as the actual floor walking surface.By this construction the underface of the concrete floor will be suitable for direct plastering and the channels defined below the battens and floorboards will provide adequate spaces for electrical, water and other services. Moreover, after the completion of the house the fitting of additional services provides little problem as in traditional housing practice. The concrete of the flooring units will be conventional and reinforcements will be incorporated to ensure adequate strength under loadings to be expected in a domestic situation.
The channel section members may conveniently be made by an extrusion process.
In pre-stressed beams and slabs, such as the channel section members of the fourth aspect of the invention, the pre-stressing gives rise to a camber in the finished article and this camber is likely to vary. As a result, if two beams are placed side-by-side with different cambers a step will be formed both on the top and in the soffit which is disadvantageous from the standpoint of finishing operations.
With a view at least to mitigating this problem, each channel section member 30 is provided, as illustrated in Figures 4 and 5, with a longitudinal, generally vertical edge 31 having a chamfer 32 between this vertical edge and the outer surface 34 of the channel base.
When such a channel section member 30 has been laid, a lever tool 36 is allowed to rest on the next adjacent channel section member 30 and the freshly laid channel member raised at its centre until the members are level; thus at least at the centre the step is usefully reduced or eliminated over the whole of the member. Such a lever tool includes a lever 38 rigid at one end with a cam-like disc 40; the disc carries on a pivot 42 one or two rods 44, the lower end portions of which are screw-threaded to receive an abutment 46 which can be screwed on after the rod has been inserted between adjacent channels.Alternatively, the abutment may have the form of a thin member mounted on the free end of the rod so that it can be passed through the gap between the channel members and then turned through 90 degrees to enable the freshly laid channel member to be raised by lever action and engagement of the abutment on the under- surface of the lower channel member.
The pre-stressing force in the reinforcement will have the effect of equalising the camber so that the step is substantially eliminated, but if this does not occur then some packing may be necessary at the supported end portions of the channel member.
Once the levels have been settled, clips 50 are inserted from below, each clip being in the form of a screw-threaded member 52 with an enlargement 54 at the lower end (as installed) the sides of the enlargement being given angles such that they mate with the chamfers 32 of the adjacent channel members 30. At the upper end the screw-threaded member 52 receives a block or bar 56 which spans the adjacent channel members and this is held firmly against the channel members by a nut 58 and washers. Finally, the space between the channel members is grouted at 60.
This method of levelling adjacent channel members is primarily applicable to the modification of the fourth aspect, but can also be applied to the construction of the fourth aspect itself or indeed any other beams provided that appropriate chamfers are formed in the outer legs of the members and the clips are correspondingly modified.
House structures in accordance with any aspect of the invention can be equipped with conventional wooden staircases and, in accordance with the fifth aspect the upper end of the staircase and adjacent flooring sections can be supported on a concrete beam of Lsection as illustrated in the drawings entitled "Stairwell Detail: Types 2A and 3A End Bearing Section". The upper end of the staircase abuts and is secured to the, uninterupted, plane upright face of the beam while the adjacent flooring channel sections will rest on the horizontal upper surface of the limb of the
L. The flooring sections may be in accordance with the fourth aspect of the invention but not essentially so.
The L-section beam will normally be supported at one end on a bearing surface provided by a complementary aperture in the inner skin of the outer wall of the house and the other end will be supported by a cast-in length of steel H-section member, the free end portion of which rests on a joist or an inverted channel section member of the fourth aspect of the invention.
As mentioned above the mix of the concrete of the internal skin is such that it will have a lower strength than conventional concrete and will not be well suited to bending loads.
According to the sixth aspect of the invention, therefore, portions of the structure which need to withstand bending loads will incorporate higher strength concrete, such higher strength being required, for example at window and door openings. The additional strength may be provided by integrally moulding into the appropriate portion of the panel a higher strength concrete and it will readily be possible to shape the lintel, high-strength, area in such a way that greatest depth of highstrength concrete will be provided at the mid dle of the opening where the bending moment is a maximum. Alternatively, the lintel may be pre-cast as a separate item and then incorporated in the mould when the lightweight concrete of the panel is cast on the shaking table. The lintel, whether separately cast or integral may incorporate steel reinforcement if necessary.
While the important general aspects of the invention have been discussed hereinbefore, it will be appreciated that many detailed features of the house must be especially developed in order to satisfy the Building Regulations and ensure longevity of the structure with little or no problems. Some of the details are generally conventional but others specific to the construction hereinbefore discussed are illustrated in the accompanying drawings which it is believed will be fully self-explanatory to any person skilled in the building art.
Although reference is made herein to house structures, it is possible to apply at least some of the various aspects of the invention to single storey buildings and to office and other buildings where a traditional appearance is required coupled with the advantages of the present invention.
Claims (30)
1. A house structure comprising an internal wall of low density concrete having a low thermal conductivity and spaced therefrom an external wall of brickwork or other cladding.
2. A house structure according to claim 1, wherein the internal wall is built up from slabs or panels having dimensions which form an appreciable proportion of the overall dimensions of the wall.
3. A house structure according to claim 2, wherein each slab has a length substantially equal to the length of the wall and a height substantially equal to the height of one storey of the house.
4. A house structure according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the space between the internal and external walls is transversely filled with a highly-thermally insulating material, an air gap being left between the insulating material and the external wall.
5. A house structure according to any one of the preceding claims wherein junctions between internal walls of the structure are secured together by screwed, corrosion-resisting pins passing through preformed apertures in one of the walls transversely of the thickness thereof and into corresponding holes in the other wall extending parallel to the wall faces and finally into a plastic plug inserted into a hole in the second-mentioned wall extending at right angles to the first hole in that wall.
6. A house structure according to any one of the preceding claims comprising a floor structure including elongate reinforced or prestressed concrete members with battens of wood transversely secured to the concrete members, which battens support floor boards or sheet material defining a flooring surface.
7. A house structure according to claim 6 comprising-a stairwell having an upper limit defined by a reinforced or prestressed concrete beam of L section, tne upper surface of the horizontal limb serving to support one or more of the elongate flooring members.
8. A house structure according to any one of the preceding claims comprising window and door openings in both the internal and external walls, the low density concrete of the internal wall being locally reinforced above each opening by substituting a high density concrete and/or by incorporation of metal reinforcing bars.
9. A house structure according to claim 8 wherein the high density concrete is provided in an amount vertically corresponding to the bending stresses to be resisted in the internal wall above the opening.
10. A house structure according to any one of the preceding claims and incorporating one or more features illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
11. A house structure comprising internal walls of low density concrete having good thermal properties, each wall being formed from slabs, each having a length dimension equal to a substantial proportion of the overall length of the wall and extending vertically by an amount equal to the height of one storey, and connectors of corrosion-resistant metal serving to secure adjacent slabs.
1 2. A house structure according to claim 11, wherein the connectors comprise stainless steel, screwed pins and a plastic material, the pins passing through an aperture in one internal wall extending through the thickness thereof through a hole in the adjacent internal wall extending parallel to the faces thereof, and into the plastic material contained in a transverse hole in the second-mentioned wall which intersects the first hole in that wall.
1 3. A house structure according to claim 11 or claim 1 2, and incorporating one or more features illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
1 4. A house structure comprising an internal skin of low density concrete, a layer of thermally-insulating material applied to the outwardlydirected face of that skin and an external skin of brickwork, or other external cladding, the external skin being spaced by a cavity from the thermally-insulating layer.
1 5. A house structure according to claim 14 and incorporating at least one feature illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
16. A house structure comprising walls and at least one floor structure supported from the walls, the floor structure comprising reinforced or prestressed concrete members of channel section with the outer face of the base of each channel facing downwardly, battens of wood secured to and extending transversely of the channels and floorboards or other conventional flooring members secured to the battens.
1 7. A house structure according to claim 1 6 and incorporating at least one feature illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
18. A house structure comprising a floor structure and means defining a stairwell, the said means including an L-section reinforced or prestressed concrete beam defining the upper limit of the stairs and floor members with end portions thereof resting on the upper surface of the horizontal limb of the L-section beam.
1 9. A house structure according to claim 1 8 and incorporating at least one feature illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
20. A house structure comprising an internal skin of low density concrete, and an outer skin of brickwork or other cladding, both skins having window and door openings with the lintel structure spanning the openings of the internal skin of higher strength concrete than that of the internal skin as a whole.
21. A house structure according to claim 20 wherein the lintel portion of the internal skin is in the form of high density concrete moulded integrally with the low density concrete.
22. A house structure according to claim 20 or 21 wherein the high strength concrete has a vertical dimension which varies in dependence upon the local bending stress across the lintel.
23. A house structure according to claim 20, claim 21 or claim 22 and incorporating one or more features illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
24. A system of levelling two adjacent beam members relative to one another as installed comprising the steps of providing chamfers between the lowermost face and each upwardly extending side face of each beam member, mounting a first beam member in Situ, placing a second beam member alongside the first beam member, introducing a part of a tool between the adjacent beam member and engaging the under surface of the second beam member with the tool, acting on a lever of the tool to raise the second beam until the upper surface becomes level with the corresponding surface of the first beam, introducing a plurality of retainer members between the first and second members, such retainer members including a screwed rod having a portion which engages the chamfers of the two beams and a block assembly which can be tightened against the upper surfaces of the two beam members, whereby the matching cambers of the beam members produced by the lever action are maintained, and finally removing the lever tool.
25. A tool for use in the system according to claim 24, comprising a screwed rod, means at the lower end of the rod enabling engagement with the adjacent chamfers of two beams, a cam-like portion from which the rod pivotally depends, when in use, and a lever rigid with the cam-like portion.
26. A tool according to claim 25, wherein the engagement means is capable of passing through a gap between two adjacent beam members and can be rotated after passage through the gap so as to engage the chamfers.
27. A system of levelling two adjacent beams substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 4 and 5 of the accompanying drawings.
28. An aligning and connecting device for use between four slabs or panels with two of the slabs at right angles to the other two slabs, the device comprising two external plates at right angles to one another and two internal plates at right angles to one another, the plates being interconnected by a horizontal plate which is arranged to be engaged between two of the slabs arranged one above the other and also between the other two slabs arranged one above the other.
29. A device according to claim 27 wherein the horizontal plate extends to each free vertical edge of the internal and external plates but is chamfered across the internal corner defined by the external plates.
30. An aligning and connecting device substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 3 of the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08404895A GB2137255A (en) | 1983-02-24 | 1984-02-24 | Low density concrete walls |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB838305141A GB8305141D0 (en) | 1983-02-24 | 1983-02-24 | House constructions |
| GB08404895A GB2137255A (en) | 1983-02-24 | 1984-02-24 | Low density concrete walls |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8404895D0 GB8404895D0 (en) | 1984-03-28 |
| GB2137255A true GB2137255A (en) | 1984-10-03 |
Family
ID=26285334
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08404895A Withdrawn GB2137255A (en) | 1983-02-24 | 1984-02-24 | Low density concrete walls |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2137255A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2317021A1 (en) * | 2009-10-13 | 2011-05-04 | PassiveHouse Solutions OÜ | Energy-efficient building |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1046915A (en) * | 1964-04-23 | 1966-10-26 | Siporex Int Ab | Monolithic structural building element |
| GB1321985A (en) * | 1969-05-13 | 1973-07-04 | Becker Otto Alfred Dr | Insulating constructions |
| GB1331269A (en) * | 1969-09-19 | 1973-09-26 | Ballast Nedam Groep Nv | Sound insulation of buildings |
| GB2039819A (en) * | 1978-11-17 | 1980-08-20 | Nilsa Jacques | Moulding Prefabricated Wall or Roof Panels |
| GB2086447A (en) * | 1980-10-31 | 1982-05-12 | Ecc Quarries Ltd | Thermally insulated building block |
| EP0088284A1 (en) * | 1982-03-06 | 1983-09-14 | Ytong Ag | Prefabricated composite panel |
-
1984
- 1984-02-24 GB GB08404895A patent/GB2137255A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1046915A (en) * | 1964-04-23 | 1966-10-26 | Siporex Int Ab | Monolithic structural building element |
| GB1321985A (en) * | 1969-05-13 | 1973-07-04 | Becker Otto Alfred Dr | Insulating constructions |
| GB1331269A (en) * | 1969-09-19 | 1973-09-26 | Ballast Nedam Groep Nv | Sound insulation of buildings |
| GB2039819A (en) * | 1978-11-17 | 1980-08-20 | Nilsa Jacques | Moulding Prefabricated Wall or Roof Panels |
| GB2086447A (en) * | 1980-10-31 | 1982-05-12 | Ecc Quarries Ltd | Thermally insulated building block |
| EP0088284A1 (en) * | 1982-03-06 | 1983-09-14 | Ytong Ag | Prefabricated composite panel |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2317021A1 (en) * | 2009-10-13 | 2011-05-04 | PassiveHouse Solutions OÜ | Energy-efficient building |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8404895D0 (en) | 1984-03-28 |
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