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GB1503163A - Diffusion of gas in a liquid by bubble shearing - Google Patents

Diffusion of gas in a liquid by bubble shearing

Info

Publication number
GB1503163A
GB1503163A GB577975A GB577975A GB1503163A GB 1503163 A GB1503163 A GB 1503163A GB 577975 A GB577975 A GB 577975A GB 577975 A GB577975 A GB 577975A GB 1503163 A GB1503163 A GB 1503163A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
gas
microns
inch
slot
diameter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB577975A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
FMC Corp
Original Assignee
FMC Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US05441573 external-priority patent/US3927152A/en
Application filed by FMC Corp filed Critical FMC Corp
Publication of GB1503163A publication Critical patent/GB1503163A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/237—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media
    • B01F23/2373—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media for obtaining fine bubbles, i.e. bubbles with a size below 100 µm
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/231—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids by bubbling
    • B01F23/23105—Arrangement or manipulation of the gas bubbling devices
    • B01F23/2311—Mounting the bubbling devices or the diffusers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/231—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids by bubbling
    • B01F23/23105—Arrangement or manipulation of the gas bubbling devices
    • B01F23/2311—Mounting the bubbling devices or the diffusers
    • B01F23/23114—Mounting the bubbling devices or the diffusers characterised by the way in which the different elements of the bubbling installation are mounted
    • B01F23/231142—Mounting the gas transporting elements, i.e. connections between conduits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/231—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids by bubbling
    • B01F23/23105—Arrangement or manipulation of the gas bubbling devices
    • B01F23/2312—Diffusers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/231—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids by bubbling
    • B01F23/23105—Arrangement or manipulation of the gas bubbling devices
    • B01F23/2312—Diffusers
    • B01F23/23121—Diffusers having injection means, e.g. nozzles with circumferential outlet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/231—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids by bubbling
    • B01F23/23105—Arrangement or manipulation of the gas bubbling devices
    • B01F23/2312—Diffusers
    • B01F23/23123—Diffusers consisting of rigid porous or perforated material
    • B01F23/231231—Diffusers consisting of rigid porous or perforated material the outlets being in the form of perforations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/231—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids by bubbling
    • B01F23/23105—Arrangement or manipulation of the gas bubbling devices
    • B01F23/2312—Diffusers
    • B01F23/23125—Diffusers characterised by the way in which they are assembled or mounted; Fabricating the parts of the diffusers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/231—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids by bubbling
    • B01F23/23105—Arrangement or manipulation of the gas bubbling devices
    • B01F23/2312—Diffusers
    • B01F23/23126—Diffusers characterised by the shape of the diffuser element
    • B01F23/231265—Diffusers characterised by the shape of the diffuser element being tubes, tubular elements, cylindrical elements or set of tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/237—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media
    • B01F23/2376—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media characterised by the gas being introduced
    • B01F23/23761—Aerating, i.e. introducing oxygen containing gas in liquids
    • B01F23/237611—Air
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/237—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media
    • B01F23/2376—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media characterised by the gas being introduced
    • B01F23/23761—Aerating, i.e. introducing oxygen containing gas in liquids
    • B01F23/237612—Oxygen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/237—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media
    • B01F23/2376—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media characterised by the gas being introduced
    • B01F23/23761—Aerating, i.e. introducing oxygen containing gas in liquids
    • B01F23/237613—Ozone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/314—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit
    • B01F25/3142—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit the conduit having a plurality of openings in the axial direction or in the circumferential direction
    • B01F25/31421—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit the conduit having a plurality of openings in the axial direction or in the circumferential direction the conduit being porous
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
    • C02F3/20—Activated sludge processes using diffusers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F2215/00—Auxiliary or complementary information in relation with mixing
    • B01F2215/04—Technical information in relation with mixing
    • B01F2215/0413—Numerical information
    • B01F2215/0418—Geometrical information
    • B01F2215/0431—Numerical size values, e.g. diameter of a hole or conduit, area, volume, length, width, or ratios thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

1503163 Dispersion of gas in a liquid FMC CORP 11 Feb 1975 [11 Feb 1974] 5779/75 Heading BIC An apparatus for dispersing a gas in a liquid comprises a slot 40, Fig. 4A, through which the liquid flows, which is partly defined by a gas transmitting body 42 having a plurality of gas transmitting passages 66 terminating in capillary openings 65 having a diameter not greater than 100 microns; the slot being defined as one in which, when no gas is flowing through the passages and water at 20‹C flows through the slot with a mean entrance velocity of at least 10 ft/sec, laminar flow is established parallel to the gas diffusing surface 68, including a partially developed boundary layer 54 adjacent the surface and a free stream 56 thereabove. Bubbles as small as 10 microns diameter may be produced with a median diameter of 25-30 microns. Typically the slot may have a width of 0.04 inch and length of 0.08 inch; the width may be adjustable and for high viscosity liquids such as sewage may be up to 0.5 inch. It may have a rounded entrance 150, Fig. 12, or be annular, Fig. 13. The gas pressure may be of the order of 20-30 1b/sq. inch. Fig. 11 shows an installation 110 for the oxygenation of a lake 114 employing a plurality of diffuser units 118 having slots 120. The water is circulated by a pump 133 through chambers 149, Fig. 12 and out through the slots 120, while oxygen is supplied from a main 124 to plenums 160 and capillaries 158. The capillaries may be bundles of glass fibre tubes having an internal diameter of 3-30 microns with a median of 8 microns, embedded in a sealing material such as epoxy resin, but the gas diffusing body may also be made by drilling, or of porous sintered metal, ceramic, metal or plastic screen or other mesh, woven material or porous sheet or membrane, or by the interstices between solid rods of glass, plastics or metal. Gas turbulence is minimized by the capillaries having a length/ diameter ratio of at least 10:1. Methods of fabricating a diffuser unit using glass fibre capillary strands are described with reference to Figs. 17-24 (not shown).
GB577975A 1974-02-11 1975-02-11 Diffusion of gas in a liquid by bubble shearing Expired GB1503163A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US05441573 US3927152A (en) 1971-03-12 1974-02-11 Method and apparatus for bubble shearing

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB1503163A true GB1503163A (en) 1978-03-08

Family

ID=23753426

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB577975A Expired GB1503163A (en) 1974-02-11 1975-02-11 Diffusion of gas in a liquid by bubble shearing

Country Status (6)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS50132568A (en)
BR (1) BR7500831A (en)
CA (1) CA1048173A (en)
DE (1) DE2505572A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2260375B1 (en)
GB (1) GB1503163A (en)

Cited By (23)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8633015B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2014-01-21 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Flow-based thermocycling system with thermoelectric cooler
US8663920B2 (en) 2011-07-29 2014-03-04 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Library characterization by digital assay
US8709762B2 (en) 2010-03-02 2014-04-29 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. System for hot-start amplification via a multiple emulsion
US8730479B2 (en) 2010-03-25 2014-05-20 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Detection system for droplet-based assays
US8951939B2 (en) 2011-07-12 2015-02-10 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Digital assays with multiplexed detection of two or more targets in the same optical channel
US9089844B2 (en) 2010-11-01 2015-07-28 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. System for forming emulsions
US9126160B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2015-09-08 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. System for forming an array of emulsions
US9132394B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2015-09-15 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. System for detection of spaced droplets
US9194861B2 (en) 2009-09-02 2015-11-24 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Method of mixing fluids by coalescence of multiple emulsions
US9222128B2 (en) 2011-03-18 2015-12-29 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Multiplexed digital assays with combinatorial use of signals
US9347059B2 (en) 2011-04-25 2016-05-24 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Methods and compositions for nucleic acid analysis
US9393560B2 (en) 2010-03-25 2016-07-19 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Droplet transport system for detection
US9399215B2 (en) 2012-04-13 2016-07-26 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Sample holder with a well having a wicking promoter
US9417190B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2016-08-16 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Calibrations and controls for droplet-based assays
US9492797B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2016-11-15 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. System for detection of spaced droplets
US9500664B2 (en) 2010-03-25 2016-11-22 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Droplet generation for droplet-based assays
US9598725B2 (en) 2010-03-02 2017-03-21 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Emulsion chemistry for encapsulated droplets
US9764322B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2017-09-19 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. System for generating droplets with pressure monitoring
CN110433676A (en) * 2019-07-19 2019-11-12 中北大学 A kind of hypergravity micro bubble generation device and application method
US10512910B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2019-12-24 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Droplet-based analysis method
US11130128B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2021-09-28 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Detection method for a target nucleic acid
US12090480B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2024-09-17 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Partition-based method of analysis
US12097495B2 (en) 2011-02-18 2024-09-24 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Methods and compositions for detecting genetic material

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1531015A (en) * 1975-10-31 1978-11-01 Laurie A Aeration and mixing of liquids
EP0047921A1 (en) * 1980-09-15 1982-03-24 Menzel GmbH. + Co. Process and apparatus for the aeration of a liquid, especially waste water
JP2762372B2 (en) * 1989-11-17 1998-06-04 株式会社小松製作所 Fine bubble generator
FR2950823B1 (en) 2009-10-06 2011-12-09 Inst Francais Du Petrole INCREASING GAS AND LIQUID COCOATING REACTOR USING A MICRO BUBBLE GENERATOR
CN103203590B (en) * 2012-01-17 2015-12-02 游利 A kind of new dielectric etch machine gas distributor processing technology

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US9764322B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2017-09-19 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. System for generating droplets with pressure monitoring
US11130128B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2021-09-28 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Detection method for a target nucleic acid
US8633015B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2014-01-21 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Flow-based thermocycling system with thermoelectric cooler
US12090480B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2024-09-17 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Partition-based method of analysis
US10258988B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2019-04-16 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Device for generating droplets
US11633739B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2023-04-25 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Droplet-based assay system
US9126160B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2015-09-08 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. System for forming an array of emulsions
US9132394B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2015-09-15 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. System for detection of spaced droplets
US9156010B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2015-10-13 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Droplet-based assay system
US10279350B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2019-05-07 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Method of generating droplets
US9216392B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2015-12-22 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. System for forming an array of emulsions
US11612892B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2023-03-28 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Method of performing droplet-based assays
US9243288B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2016-01-26 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Cartridge with lysis chamber and droplet generator
US9248417B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2016-02-02 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. System for droplet-based assays using an array of emulsions
US11130134B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2021-09-28 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Method of performing droplet-based assays
US10258989B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2019-04-16 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Method of making a device for generating droplets
US10512910B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2019-12-24 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Droplet-based analysis method
US9417190B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2016-08-16 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Calibrations and controls for droplet-based assays
US9492797B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2016-11-15 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. System for detection of spaced droplets
US9649635B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2017-05-16 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. System for generating droplets with push-back to remove oil
US9636682B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2017-05-02 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. System for generating droplets—instruments and cassette
US9623384B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2017-04-18 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. System for transporting emulsions from an array to a detector
US10677693B2 (en) 2009-09-02 2020-06-09 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. System for mixing fluids by coalescence of multiple emulsions
US10166522B2 (en) 2009-09-02 2019-01-01 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. System for mixing fluids by coalescence of multiple emulsions
US9194861B2 (en) 2009-09-02 2015-11-24 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Method of mixing fluids by coalescence of multiple emulsions
US9598725B2 (en) 2010-03-02 2017-03-21 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Emulsion chemistry for encapsulated droplets
US8709762B2 (en) 2010-03-02 2014-04-29 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. System for hot-start amplification via a multiple emulsion
US11060136B2 (en) 2010-03-02 2021-07-13 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Emulsion chemistry for encapsulated droplets
US10378048B2 (en) 2010-03-02 2019-08-13 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Emulsion chemistry for encapsulated droplets
US11866771B2 (en) 2010-03-02 2024-01-09 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Emulsion chemistry for encapsulated droplets
US10744506B2 (en) 2010-03-25 2020-08-18 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Device for generating droplets
US10099219B2 (en) 2010-03-25 2018-10-16 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Device for generating droplets
US8730479B2 (en) 2010-03-25 2014-05-20 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Detection system for droplet-based assays
US9393560B2 (en) 2010-03-25 2016-07-19 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Droplet transport system for detection
US12103005B2 (en) 2010-03-25 2024-10-01 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Method of emulsion formation and modification
US10272432B2 (en) 2010-03-25 2019-04-30 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Device for generating droplets
US9500664B2 (en) 2010-03-25 2016-11-22 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Droplet generation for droplet-based assays
US9089844B2 (en) 2010-11-01 2015-07-28 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. System for forming emulsions
US12097495B2 (en) 2011-02-18 2024-09-24 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Methods and compositions for detecting genetic material
US9222128B2 (en) 2011-03-18 2015-12-29 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Multiplexed digital assays with combinatorial use of signals
US10760073B2 (en) 2011-04-25 2020-09-01 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Methods and compositions for nucleic acid analysis
US10190115B2 (en) 2011-04-25 2019-01-29 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Methods and compositions for nucleic acid analysis
US9885034B2 (en) 2011-04-25 2018-02-06 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Methods and compositions for nucleic acid analysis
US9347059B2 (en) 2011-04-25 2016-05-24 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Methods and compositions for nucleic acid analysis
US11939573B2 (en) 2011-04-25 2024-03-26 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Methods and compositions for nucleic acid analysis
US8951939B2 (en) 2011-07-12 2015-02-10 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Digital assays with multiplexed detection of two or more targets in the same optical channel
US8663920B2 (en) 2011-07-29 2014-03-04 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Library characterization by digital assay
US9399215B2 (en) 2012-04-13 2016-07-26 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Sample holder with a well having a wicking promoter
CN110433676B (en) * 2019-07-19 2021-11-16 中北大学 Hypergravity microbubble generation device and use method
CN110433676A (en) * 2019-07-19 2019-11-12 中北大学 A kind of hypergravity micro bubble generation device and application method

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JPS50132568A (en) 1975-10-20
DE2505572A1 (en) 1975-08-14
CA1048173A (en) 1979-02-06
FR2260375A1 (en) 1975-09-05
FR2260375B1 (en) 1979-01-05
BR7500831A (en) 1975-12-02

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