GB1581355A - Building panels - Google Patents
Building panels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1581355A GB1581355A GB1308877A GB1308877A GB1581355A GB 1581355 A GB1581355 A GB 1581355A GB 1308877 A GB1308877 A GB 1308877A GB 1308877 A GB1308877 A GB 1308877A GB 1581355 A GB1581355 A GB 1581355A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- panel
- panels
- building
- building panel
- concrete
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
- E04C2/041—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres composed of a number of smaller elements, e.g. bricks, also combined with a slab of hardenable material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2002/001—Mechanical features of panels
- E04C2002/002—Panels with integrated lifting means, e.g. with hoisting lugs
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2002/001—Mechanical features of panels
- E04C2002/004—Panels with profiled edges, e.g. stepped, serrated
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Finishing Walls (AREA)
Description
(54) IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO BUILDING PANELS
(71) I, Vashni Charles Bamford, a British Subject, of 4a Station Lane, Codnor,
Derbys. DE5 9SL, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:
The present invention concerns improvements in or relating to building panels.
In the past when buildings have been manufactured from pre-assembled panels, especially where the panels are faced by a regular pattern to resemble, for example, brickwork or stonework, discontinuity in the patterned effect has been experienced at the abutting joints of the adjacent panels.
Attempts have been made to avoid this problem by providing corresponding protrusions and voids in the edge of adjacent panels whereby on joining two panels together an irregular joint matching with the patterned face of the panels is obtained.
This arrangement has been disadvantageous in that difficulty has been experienced in maufacturing panels to sufficiently accurate tolerances and furthermore, the protrusions from the edges of the panels, which are often subjected to impact on transportation and erection, are fragile and are liable to break off or be damaged.
It is a object of the present invention to provide a building panel which obviates or mitigates these disadvantages.
According to the present invention there is provided a building panel comprising a backing portion and a patterned facing portion, comprising a plurality of blocks spaced apart by pointing, blocks being omitted at certain locations at the edges of the facing portion to provide discontinuities whereby on erection of two similar panels in side-by-side relationship with the backing portions thereof in edge-to-edge abutting relationship cavities surrounded by pointing are left in the facing portion of the assembly the cavities being fillable by a further block.
Preferably the panel is flat but alternatively it may be a corner panel of substantially L-shape, one limb of the L being longer than the other.
Preferably the depth of a cavity is greater that the thickness of the filling block whereby a fixing medium on the back of the block may be accommodated within the cavity without the block projecting from the cavity after fitment thereof.
Preferably the edges of the panels are provided with tongue-and-groove interlocking means.
Preferably U-shaped fixing dogs are provided for fitment between the through passages in adjacent backing portions to prevent lateral separation of erected panels.
Preferably a depression extends between adjacent through passages whereby the cross-piece of a fixing dog may be accommodated therein.
Preferably the backing portion is formed from concrete and may incorporate reinforcing material and/or insulation material.
Further according to the present invention there is provided a method of manufacturing a building panel comprising assembling in the base of a former a plurality of stone, concrete, or brick elements in a regular pattern, assembling also together with said elements removable members at the edges of the former, introducing a pointing material in the spaces between the elements and removable members thereafter covering the elements, members and pointing material with a backing material, and after the assembly has set, removing the thus formed panel from the mould and the members from the panel to provide discontinuities in the portions of the panel formed by the members.
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure I shows a front elevation of part of a building showing a panel according to the present invention in its erected condition;
Figure 2 shows a perspective view of a panel for use at the corner of a building;
Figure 3 shows a detail of the two panels;
Figures 3a and 3b, show the mating edges of two panels;
Figures 4, 5, and 6 show moulds for producing panels; and
Figure 7 shows a detail of a panel just after it is removed from a mould.
Figure 1 shows a corner portion of a building including a window frame 10 and four standard building panels 12, 14, 16, and 18, panel 12 being a complete panel for use beneath the window frame 10, panel 14 being a corner panel, panel 16 being a standard wall panel (only a portion of which is shown) and panel 18 being a standard lintol panel for above a window frame.
It can be observed from Figure 1 that each panel includes a facing portion giving a brickwork effect, provided by brick slips 22, the brick slips being laid in courses the vertical joints in one course being staggered by half a brick with respect to the joints of the next adjacent courses. This means that at the abutting edges of the panels at every second course there would normally be a half brick slip. However, to provide continuity of the patterned effect the half brick slip is omitted from the panel edge to allow a full slip to straddle the joint, as illustrated in the shaded areas 20 in Figure 1.
Figures 3a and 3b which illustrate edges of panels 12 and 16 better illustrates this arrangement, and it can be seen that the cavities in the facing portion at the panel edge are surrounded by pointing mortar 34 to provide a cavity 20 whose dimensions are only slightly larger than those of the brick slip, for filling the cavity. Thus, on erection of the panels 12 and 16, a brick slip can be accommodated in the cavity 20 with little side clearance.
Figures 3a and 3b illustrate that the back of the cavity is defined by the concrete backing portion 24 of the panel and that the joint between the panels incorporates a tongue and groove arrangement 26, 28 and that the panels are arranged to accommodate a substantially U-shaped galvanised mild steel dog tie 29, the limbs of which are engaged in passages 32 leading from the cavity 20 to the back of the backing portion 24.
It should be noticed that the diameter of the passages 32 is greater than the diameter of the limbs of the dog ties whereby there is a clearance around the dog tie limbs. The purpose of this clearance is to accommodate excess mortar or other adhesive material applied to the back of the brick slip slid into the cavity 20 whereby the excess mortar is squeezed along the passage 32 until the face of the brick slip is aligned with the faces of the brick slips forming the facing portion of the panel.
It should be noted further that the depth of the cavity 20 is slightly greater than the thickness of a brick slip 22, to accommodate the mortar on the rear of the slip filling the cavity.
Figures 3a and 3b show that the abutting end faces of each panel are stepped with a portion 50 at the front being raised relative to the rearmost portion 52. Protruding from the rearmost portion 52 are a plurality of spacer studs 54 which are formed integrally with the backing member 24. The arrangement is such that when two panels are arranged side-by-side the front portions 50 abut closely together while the end faces of the studs 54 abut each other or if the studs are staggered abut the neighbouring rearmost portion. This arrangement allows for slight angular adjustment between the panels to be achieved, the adjustment being increased in certain circumstances if the studs 54 are chipped off. Further it allows for the expansion of the panels.
Figure 2 illustrates a corner panel which takes the general form of the panels 12 and 16 shown in Figures 1, 3a and 3b, but rather than being flat is substantially L-shaped with one limb of the L being longer than the other.
As illustrated in Figure 4 flat panels are manufactured in a substantially rectangular formwork 40 which is held together by tie bars 42. The base of the formwork 40 has attached thereto rectangular cross-section strips 44 defining a plurality of areas each to be occupied by a brick slip.
To manufacture a standard panel a plurality of brick slips 22 are laid on the base in the areas defined by the strips 44 and wooden blocks 46 having a thickness greater than the thickness of a slip 22 are positioned in those places where it is desired to form a cavity in the finished panel. The difference in thickness between the blocks and the slips is to provide for the mortar layer to be applied to the back of the slip to be used to fill a cavity 20. Conveniently, some or all of the blocks 46 are provided also with a bar or tube projecting upwardly therefrom to form the passages 32 referred to above and if it is desired that the dog ties 30 are recessed in the backing portion then the block is provided also with a strip on its upper face, which will provide a moulded recess to accommodate the cross-piece of the dog tie.
Once all the brick slips and blocks have been positioned in the mould, a pointing mortar is brushed over the entire surface of the mould such that it fills up all the spaces between adjacent brick slips and blocks thereafter the backing portion 24 may be poured, this portion comprising concrete, or concrete with appropriate reinforcing rods or a combination of concrete with or without reinforcing rods and foamed polystyrene insulation panels. Conveniently, wire lifting handles 48 may be moulded into the concrete.
When the concrete and mortar within the mould have fully set the tie bars 42 are removed and the former is dismantled to release the completed panel, an edge portion of which is shown in Figure 7. The blocks 46 may then be removed to provide the cavities 20.
Whereas Figure 4 illustrates a mould for a standard panel 16, Figure 5 illustrates a mould for a corner panel 14, and Figure 6 illustrates a mould incorporating insert members 50, which define cut out areas in the finished panel which, in the erected building, will be occupied by window frames or door frames or the like. It will be noticed that since there is no abutment between adjacent panels in those areas occupied by window or door frames, the courses of brick slips 22 are continuous up to the inserts 50 whereby no cavities 20 are provided at the edges defined by these inserts.
Normally the tie bars 42 extend above the panel manufactured in the mould or former 40. In a modified arrangement, however, the tie bars are first encased in a plastic tube and are then moulded into the concrete backing portion of the panel. After such a panel has set the tie bars can be removed leaving the plastic tubes in position, these tubes being utilised in the attachment of adjacent panels, especially where it is desired to gable panels.
Various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, the adjoining means at the abutting edges of various panels can take any suitable form and conveniently, a mastic sealing compositon is provided in the tongue and groove arrangement 28, a groove 30 being formed beside the tongue 26 (Figure 3b) and beside the groove 28 (Figure 3a) to accommodate the mastic.
As illustrated in Figures 3a and 3b, the tongue 26 in the region of a cavity 20 may be cut away and a cut-out may be provided at a corresponding position in the edge of an adjacent panel. These "cut-outs" serve two main functions, firstly they provide a small passage through a wall erected from two panels through which passage a tubular steel scaffolding member can extend. On dismantling the scaffolding the passage is fillable with mortar and is covered over by the brick slip filling the cavity. Secondly, the "cutouts" provide recesses for the accommodation of strapping when a bundle of panels is to be transported together and/or for the lifting arms of a hydraulic lifting device.
In a further modification the cast-in lifting handles may be dispensed with and threaded tubes may be cast into the concrete backing, an eye-bolt being mounted in a tube to facilitate lifting. Alternatively high tension steel rods or bolts may be passed through the passages 32 to facilitate lifting operations.
It will be realised that the panels can be of any convenient size but that the size is predetermined by the configuration of the building to be erected.
Normally the panels are manufactured in standard sizes but their dimensions can readily be altered in intervals corresponding to the depth of a brick course or the width of half a brick.
In building the panels it is desirable that the vertical joint between one pair of panels does not coincide with the vertical joint between the pair of panels supported by said one pair. Conveniently the joints are staggered by half a brick width, this being achieved by providing corner panels having one limb half a brick longer than the other, and reversing the corner panel positions of alternate corner panels. If such an arrangement is employed the course of brick slips at the top of the panel is similar to that at the bottom.
Other facing effects can be provided, for example, stonework blocks can be laid in regular or irregular patterns, provided that a cavity is defined in the facing portion when two adjacent panels are erected, the cavity being of such dimensions that it can be filled by a standard facing block.
In an alternative panel manufacturing operation brick slips or stonework blocks are dispensed with and coloured concrete is used instead. In manufacturing such panels the formwork described above is again employed but the strips are formed by two separable parts, one above the other. With both parts of the strips in position coloured concrete is poured into the formwork and spread such that it is flush with the top face of the two-part strip, the top part of which is then removed so that pointing mortar can be spread into the thus defined spaces. Concrete to form the backing member is then poured as before.
The pointing between bricks or blocks can take any suitable form, for example, as illustrated in Figure 3, it may be recessed and semi-circular, or as illustrated in Figures 3a and 3b, it may be flush with the outer surface of the slips, or it may be recessed and flat or sloping.
The panels of the present invention are particularly advantageous as they can be manufactured in factory conditions and by mass-production techniques, whereby weather conditions at the site have little or no affect on the erection of structures incorporating the panels.
Furthermore, the panels give the effect of a brick or stone built house and do not suffer from the disadvantage of panels now in use of providing a discontinuous appearance and a wall which is liable to leakage if the sealant composition between abutting panels is not operating satisfactorily.
WHAT I CLAIM IS:
1. A building panel comprising a back
ing portion and a patterned facing portion
comprising a plurality of blocks spaced apart
by pointing, blocks being omitted at certain
locations at the edges of the facing portion
to provide discontinuities whereby on erec
tion of two similar panels in side-by-side
relationship with the backing portions there
of in edge-to-edge abutting relationship
cavities surrounded by pointing are left in
the facing portion of the assembly, the
cavities being fillable by a further block.
2. A building panel as claimed in claim 1
in which the backing portion at the base of
some or all of the discontinuities in the
facing portion is provided with a through
passage for panel fixing means.
3. A building panel as claimed in claim
2, in which the blocks are brick slips.
4. A building panel as claimed in claim
2, in which the blocks are of natural stone.
5. A building panel as claimed in claim
2, in which the blocks are concrete.
6. A building panel as claimed in any
one of claims 1 to 5, which is flat.
7. A building panel as claimed in any
one of claims 1 to 5, which is a corner panel
of substantially L-shape, one limb of the L
being longer than the other.
8. A building panel as claimed in any
one of claims 1 to 7, in which the depth of a
cavity is greater than the thickness of a
filling block whereby a fixing medium on the
back of the block ma be accommodated
within the cavity without the block project
ing from the cavity after fitment thereof.
9. A building panels as claimed in any
one of the preceding claims, in which the
edges of the panels are provided with
tongue and groove interlocking means.
10. A building panel as claimed in any
one of the preceding claims, in which
U-shaped fixing dogs are provided for fit
ment between the through passages in adja
cent backing portions to prevent lateral
separation of erected panels.
11. A building panel as claimed in claim
10, in which a depression extends between
adjacent through passages whereby the
cross-piece of a fixing dog may be accommo
dated therein.
12. A building panel as claimed in any
one of the preceding claims, in which the
backing portion is formed from concrete and may incorporate reinforcing material and/or insulation material.
13. A building panel as claimed in any one of the preceding claims including on its edge at least one channel to accommodate grouting and or sealant mastic.
14. A building panel as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, including a continuous front portion adapted to closely abut a corresponding portion continuously along the length of the panels.
15. A building panel as claimed in claim 14, in which the panel edge is stepped inwardly behind said front portion and protrusions project from said inwardly stepped portion.
16. A building panel as claimed in claim 15, in which the protrusions from one panel correspond positionally with the protrusions of an adjacent panel and are of a height which is equal to the depth of the stepped portion such that on fitment of two panels in side-by-side relationship the top faces of the protrusions abut.
17. A building panel as claimed in claim 15, in which the protrusions from one panel are staggered positionally with respect to the protrusions of an adjacent panel and are of a height which is substantially twice that of the depth of the stepped portion such that on fitment of two panels in side-by-side relationship the top face of the protrusions of one panel abut the stepped portion of the other panel.
18. A method of manufacturing a building panel comprising assembling in the base of a former a plurality of stone, concrete, or brick elements in a regular pattern, assembling also together with said elements removable members at the edges of the former, introducing a pointing material in the spaces between the elements and removable members thereafter covering the elements, members and pointing material with a backing material, and after the assembly has set, removing the thus formed panel from the mould and the members from the panel to provide discontinuities in the portions of the panel formed by the members.
19. A method as claimed in claim 18, where the elements are of concrete, including also pouring concrete between strip members pre-placed in the former to form said concrete elements.
20. A method as claimed in claim 19, in which said strip members are two-part, with one part arranged above the other, and which includes, after pouring said coloured concrete to form the elements, removing the uppermost part of the strip members from the former to define recesses between the concrete elements into which pointing medium is spread.
21. A building panel substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.
Claims (24)
1. A building panel comprising a back
ing portion and a patterned facing portion
comprising a plurality of blocks spaced apart
by pointing, blocks being omitted at certain
locations at the edges of the facing portion
to provide discontinuities whereby on erec
tion of two similar panels in side-by-side
relationship with the backing portions there
of in edge-to-edge abutting relationship
cavities surrounded by pointing are left in
the facing portion of the assembly, the
cavities being fillable by a further block.
2. A building panel as claimed in claim 1
in which the backing portion at the base of
some or all of the discontinuities in the
facing portion is provided with a through
passage for panel fixing means.
3. A building panel as claimed in claim
2, in which the blocks are brick slips.
4. A building panel as claimed in claim
2, in which the blocks are of natural stone.
5. A building panel as claimed in claim
2, in which the blocks are concrete.
6. A building panel as claimed in any
one of claims 1 to 5, which is flat.
7. A building panel as claimed in any
one of claims 1 to 5, which is a corner panel
of substantially L-shape, one limb of the L
being longer than the other.
8. A building panel as claimed in any
one of claims 1 to 7, in which the depth of a
cavity is greater than the thickness of a
filling block whereby a fixing medium on the
back of the block ma be accommodated
within the cavity without the block project
ing from the cavity after fitment thereof.
9. A building panels as claimed in any
one of the preceding claims, in which the
edges of the panels are provided with
tongue and groove interlocking means.
10. A building panel as claimed in any
one of the preceding claims, in which
U-shaped fixing dogs are provided for fit
ment between the through passages in adja
cent backing portions to prevent lateral
separation of erected panels.
11. A building panel as claimed in claim
10, in which a depression extends between
adjacent through passages whereby the
cross-piece of a fixing dog may be accommo
dated therein.
12. A building panel as claimed in any
one of the preceding claims, in which the
backing portion is formed from concrete and may incorporate reinforcing material and/or insulation material.
13. A building panel as claimed in any one of the preceding claims including on its edge at least one channel to accommodate grouting and or sealant mastic.
14. A building panel as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, including a continuous front portion adapted to closely abut a corresponding portion continuously along the length of the panels.
15. A building panel as claimed in claim 14, in which the panel edge is stepped inwardly behind said front portion and protrusions project from said inwardly stepped portion.
16. A building panel as claimed in claim 15, in which the protrusions from one panel correspond positionally with the protrusions of an adjacent panel and are of a height which is equal to the depth of the stepped portion such that on fitment of two panels in side-by-side relationship the top faces of the protrusions abut.
17. A building panel as claimed in claim 15, in which the protrusions from one panel are staggered positionally with respect to the protrusions of an adjacent panel and are of a height which is substantially twice that of the depth of the stepped portion such that on fitment of two panels in side-by-side relationship the top face of the protrusions of one panel abut the stepped portion of the other panel.
18. A method of manufacturing a building panel comprising assembling in the base of a former a plurality of stone, concrete, or brick elements in a regular pattern, assembling also together with said elements removable members at the edges of the former, introducing a pointing material in the spaces between the elements and removable members thereafter covering the elements, members and pointing material with a backing material, and after the assembly has set, removing the thus formed panel from the mould and the members from the panel to provide discontinuities in the portions of the panel formed by the members.
19. A method as claimed in claim 18, where the elements are of concrete, including also pouring concrete between strip members pre-placed in the former to form said concrete elements.
20. A method as claimed in claim 19, in which said strip members are two-part, with one part arranged above the other, and which includes, after pouring said coloured concrete to form the elements, removing the uppermost part of the strip members from the former to define recesses between the concrete elements into which pointing medium is spread.
21. A building panel substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to
Figure 1, Figure 2, Figures 3, 3a and 3b, or
Figure 4, or Figure 5, or Figure 6, or Figure 7, of the accompanying drawings.
22. A method of manufacturing a building panel substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 1, 2, 3, 3a, 3b, or any one of Figures 4 to 7 of the accompanying drawings.
23. A building when assembled from building panels as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 18 and 22.
24. A building when assembled from building panels manufactured by a method as claimed in any one of claims 18 to 20 or 22.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1308877A GB1581355A (en) | 1978-03-10 | 1978-03-10 | Building panels |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1308877A GB1581355A (en) | 1978-03-10 | 1978-03-10 | Building panels |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1581355A true GB1581355A (en) | 1980-12-10 |
Family
ID=10016623
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1308877A Expired GB1581355A (en) | 1978-03-10 | 1978-03-10 | Building panels |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB1581355A (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3033818A1 (en) * | 1980-09-09 | 1982-04-15 | Haacke & Haacke KG, 3100 Celle | Prefab. house external wall - has fire proof mortar in joints between blocks in panels laid on cemented wall exterior |
| US4589241A (en) * | 1983-09-29 | 1986-05-20 | American Siding Discount Distributor, Inc. | Wall construction |
| GB2363398A (en) * | 2000-06-03 | 2001-12-19 | John Dean | Pre-fabricated building slab resembling e.g. brickwork |
| GB2367089A (en) * | 2000-09-21 | 2002-03-27 | William George Ibberson | Pre-fabricated wall |
| GB2374881A (en) * | 2001-03-15 | 2002-10-30 | Elliott Group Ltd | External cladding panel |
| GB2392175A (en) * | 2002-08-23 | 2004-02-25 | David John Talmer | Construction kit comprising adjacent blocks releasably secured together with J-shaped clamp |
| GB2412125A (en) * | 2004-03-19 | 2005-09-21 | Marco Tony De | Panel simulating brickwork |
-
1978
- 1978-03-10 GB GB1308877A patent/GB1581355A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3033818A1 (en) * | 1980-09-09 | 1982-04-15 | Haacke & Haacke KG, 3100 Celle | Prefab. house external wall - has fire proof mortar in joints between blocks in panels laid on cemented wall exterior |
| US4589241A (en) * | 1983-09-29 | 1986-05-20 | American Siding Discount Distributor, Inc. | Wall construction |
| GB2363398A (en) * | 2000-06-03 | 2001-12-19 | John Dean | Pre-fabricated building slab resembling e.g. brickwork |
| GB2363398B (en) * | 2000-06-03 | 2004-08-04 | John Dean | Improvements in and relating to prefabricated buildings |
| GB2367089A (en) * | 2000-09-21 | 2002-03-27 | William George Ibberson | Pre-fabricated wall |
| GB2367089B (en) * | 2000-09-21 | 2004-06-02 | William George Ibberson | Building improvements |
| GB2374881A (en) * | 2001-03-15 | 2002-10-30 | Elliott Group Ltd | External cladding panel |
| GB2392175A (en) * | 2002-08-23 | 2004-02-25 | David John Talmer | Construction kit comprising adjacent blocks releasably secured together with J-shaped clamp |
| GB2392175B (en) * | 2002-08-23 | 2005-10-26 | David John Talmer | Construction kit |
| GB2412125A (en) * | 2004-03-19 | 2005-09-21 | Marco Tony De | Panel simulating brickwork |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |