GB1579673A

GB1579673A - Automagnetic compass correction

Info

Publication number: GB1579673A
Application number: GB25460/77A
Authority: GB
Original assignee: Laitram LLC
Current assignee: Laitram LLC
Priority date: 1976-06-17
Filing date: 1977-06-17
Publication date: 1980-11-19
Also published as: NL190247B; DE2727132A1; DE2727132C2; NO772126L; NL190247C; NL7706719A

Description

(54) AUTOMAGNETIC COMPASS CORRECTION (71) We, THE LAITRAM CORPOR ATION, a Corporation of the State of Louisiana, U.S.A., of 220 Laitram Lane, Harahan, Louisiana 70123, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: This invention relates to remote reading magnetic compasses and more particularly to a system for automatic correction of deviation and other magnetic errors thereof.

Magnetic compasses are subject to several outside influences which produce errors in the compass reading. One of these error sources is magnetic variation, which is the difference between the direction of the field lines of the earth's magnetic field and true north at any particular point in the world and which is a function of geographical position. Another source of error is magnetic deviation which is the difference between magnetic north and the actual compass reading caused by magnetic perturbations resulting from the vessel itself or equipment on the vessel. Deviation changes as a function of the heading of the vessel.

Variation is always given on navigation charts and may be compensated for by correcting the compass reading by a constant correction factor for a particular geographical area, and which factor changes relatively infrequently. Deviation correction, however, is much more tedious since deviation is a function of vessel heading, and many different factors must be provided for the different headings. Deviation is commonly corrected by reference to a chart containing deviation correction factors for different headings, of the particular vessel, such as for every 10 degrees. Since the headings may change frequently, correcting for deviation can become burdensome.

Additionally, the calibration procedure by which a deviation chart is made is tedious and time consuming.

The present invention provides a system for automatic deviation correction of a remote reading magnetic compass. This system is particularly adapted to use with compasses having digital signal outputs of the type exemplifed by U.S. Patents No.

3,888,016 and 3,833,901, assigned to the same assignee as the present invention.

Briefly, the invention includes circuitry coupled between the digital compass and the display or other output device for automatically adding or subtracting a deviation correction factor to the compass output for corresponding headings. The correction circuitry includes a memory such as a read-only memory containing respective deviation corrections for corresponding headings. Typically, correction can be provided in memory for each degree of a complete 360" heading sequence. The memory can store correction factors for associated headings or corrected headings themselves. In the case where correction factors are stored, the digital compass output for a given heading is applied to address the memory, and the resulting correction factor is combined with the compass output by processing logic to produce a corrected output for display or other use.If corrected headings are stored in the memory, the compass output for a given heading causes provision by the memory of a corrected heading directly for display or use.

The memory is programmed typically by use of a gyrocompass, or other apparatus for producing a stable indication of heading independent of deviation effects. The heading information from the gyrocompass and the heading information from the digital compass are applied to processing logic which determines the proper correction which is applied to the memory. During the calibration operation, the vessel aboard which the digital compass is installed is steered in a circular course so that the deviation error of the magnetic compass may be computed for all headings. At predetermined intervals, the gyrocompass processing logic applied a Write or strobe signal to the memory, causing the computed deviation correction to be stored in the memory.

Specific embodiments of the present invention will now bc described, by way of example, with preference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure I is a schematic depiction of the different errors affccting a magnetic compass reading; Figure 2 is a block diagram of the inven tion Figure 3 is a block diagram of an alterna tive embodimcnt of the correction circuitry of the invention, and Figure 4 is a block diagram of the apparatus by which the memory is programmed.

Referring to Figure 1, there are shown in schematic form the different errors affecting a magnetic compass. A magnetic compass 10 located in a vessel 12 or other vehicle will tend to assume a spccific oricntation due to the well known north-secking properties of magnetic compasses. The direction in which the boat is heading may be then read from the compass by means of an indication line 14, commonly termed a lubber's line. The compass reading denoted as tlc corresponds with the heading of the vessel.

Ideally, the compass would align itself such that it points exactly towards true north, as indicated by arrow 16. However, due to various magnetic effects, the compass usually points in a direction different from true north.

First, the magnetic lincs of force with which the compass aligns itself are generally such that magnetic north does not exactly coincide with true north. as shown by arrow 18. This difference between true north and magnetic north is callcd variation. and is denoted by the angle Qv. This value of variation changes slowly with gcographical position.

The second main source of compass error arises from the interaction of the earth's magnetic field with the various magnetic materials of or located on board the vessel 12 which cause the compass to point in a direction different from magnetic north. as denoted by arrow 20. This error is called deviation and is denoted in Figure 1 by the symbol q". Since the deviation is produced by magnetic structures on board the vessel 12, the magnitude of the deviation will vary as the heading of the vessel changes, causing the relationship of the earth's magnetic field and such magnetic structures to change.The actual angle between the boat's heading and true north, denoted as 0, is determined by appropriately adding or subtracting the variation Qv and the deviation 4)D from the actual compass reading Oc.

Referring to Figure 2, there is shown the circuitry of the invention for providing signals to compensate for deviation errors in the output of the digital compass. A digital compass 30 such as that described in the aforesaid patents, produces digital signals representative of the heading and which are transmitted along a cable 32 to the deviation-correction circuitry 34 of the invention.

As the boat assumes different headings as it procceds along its course, compass 30 will produce different digital outputs representative of these headings. These outputs are applied to the address input of a read-only memory (ROM) 36, and to an input of processor 38. In response to an input, ROM 36 provides at its output the data stored in the location therein corresponding with the particular heading output from compass 30.

This data corresponds with the deviation correction factors which have been previously stored in ROM 36, as explained in greater detail below. Processor 38 receives both the heading data from compass 30 and the deviation correction data from ROM 36 and combines the data to produce a deviation-corrected output signal which may be applied to a readout 40 for display of the corrected compass heading, or to any other device for the utilization of the directional information.

Processor 38 may also be supplied with signals representative of the local magnetic variation from a suitable source 42. Processor 38 combines the variation correction with the deviation-corrected output signal to compensate for errors from both magnetic variation and deviation. The digital output signals from processor 38 are thus representative of the corrected compass reading with respect to true north. The source 42 of the magnetic variation correction signals may be, for example, thumbwheel switches by which the value of the local magnetic variation is dialed in. It can be seen that the circuitry of Figure 2 provides an inexpensive and simple means for automatically compensating for magnetic errors in the output of compass 30 to yield a compass heading indication which is corrected for deviation or deviation and variation without further need for manual correctional computations.

Figure 3 shows an alternative embodiment of the correction circuitry 34 in which the digital data representative of the heading of compass 30 is applied directly to the address inputs of a read-only memory 44.

Memory 44 directly produces the deviation corrected heading information in response to the data from compass 30. The circuitry of Figure 3 requires that ROM 44 be of larger capacity than that of ROM 36 in order to contain the entire directional data, rather than just the correctional data as in Figure 2.

Referring to Figure 4, there is shown the means by which the deviation correction information is stored in ROM 36. Since deviation corrections are different for each vessel, it is especially desirable to have a simple, quick and reliable system for determining the proper deviation corrections and for storing such corrections in ROM 36. The calibration instrumentation 46 shown in Figure 4 performs this function and is temporarily employed on board the vessel to achieve initial calibration of the correction circuitry. Typically, calibration instrumentation 46 contains a gyrocompass 48 or other instrument by which true directional information may be obtained independent of the magnetic deviation errors which affect compass 30.Directional information from gyrocompass 48 is applied to correction calculation and storage logic 50 which is interconnected with circuitry 34 such as by suitable connectors.

To initially store the proper correction values in ROM 36 of circuitry 34, calibration instrumentation 46 is temporarily connected to compensation circuitry 34 as illustrated.

Next, the vessel is steered in a circular course which causes its heading to span the complete 360" of possible headings. As the heading of the vessel changes, the output of compass 30 indicating the vessel heading, but including magnetic deviation and variation errors, is compared with the true heading as determined by gyrocompass 48 in logic 50. From this comparison, logic 50 calculates the deviation factor which is then applied to the inputs to ROM 36. At selected intervals, logic 50 produces a strobe signal which is applied to the Write enable input of ROM 36 and which causes the presently calculated deviation correction factor to be stored therein. The frequency of strobe signals and the resulting number of individual deviation-correction factors stored in ROM 36 will depend upon the accuracy with which it is desired to correct compass 30.By use of the invention, correction can be readily provided for each 1 heading change.

If desired, variation correction circuitry 52 may be added to calibration instrumentation 46. This circuitry 52 applies signals to logic 50 for combination with deviationcorrection signals to also compensate for effects due to local magnetic variation. It should also be appreciated that the calibration instrumentation 46 may easily be implemented to produce deviation corrected heading data for entry into ROM 44 of the embodiment shown in Figure 3.

WHAT WE CLAIM IS: 1. Apparatus for providing a deviationcorrected output signal representative of an actual compass heading comprising: a magnetic compass providing an output signal representative of an indicated compass heading; means for storing deviation-correction signals representative of the deviation of the compass for each of a plurality of different indicated compass headings; means for retrieving the stored deviationcorrection signal corresponding to the indicated compass heading in response to the output signal from the compass; and means responsive to the retrieved deviation-correction signal for producing a deviation-corrected output signal representative of the actual compass heading.

2. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the means for storing comprises a read-only memory.

3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the means for producing the signal representative of the actual compass heading is further operative to combine the compass output signal and the retrieved deviation-correction signal to produce the deviation corrected output signal representative of the actual compass heading.

4. Apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 3, further comprising means for providing signals representative of magnetic variation; and wherein the means for producing the signal representative of actual compass heading is further operative to combine the signals representative of magnetic variation with the compass output signal and the retrieved deviation-correction signal to produce a deviation-correction output signal representative of the actual heading of the compass with respect to true north.

5. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the providing means includes one or more switches for providing digital signals representative of magnetic variation.

6. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further including a digital readout responsive to the deviationcorrected output signal for display thereof.

7. A method of providing a deviationcorrected output signal for a magnetic compass, comprising the steps of: storing deviation-correction signals representative of the deviation of the compass for each of a plurality of different headings; providing a digital compass output signal from a compass representative of an indicated compass heading; retrieving in response to the output signal from the compass the stored deviationcorrection signal corresponding the indicated compass heading; and combining the compass output signal and

**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.

Claims

**WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **. larger capacity than that of ROM 36 in order to contain the entire directional data, rather than just the correctional data as in Figure 2. Referring to Figure 4, there is shown the means by which the deviation correction information is stored in ROM 36. Since deviation corrections are different for each vessel, it is especially desirable to have a simple, quick and reliable system for determining the proper deviation corrections and for storing such corrections in ROM 36. The calibration instrumentation 46 shown in Figure 4 performs this function and is temporarily employed on board the vessel to achieve initial calibration of the correction circuitry. Typically, calibration instrumentation 46 contains a gyrocompass 48 or other instrument by which true directional information may be obtained independent of the magnetic deviation errors which affect compass 30.Directional information from gyrocompass 48 is applied to correction calculation and storage logic 50 which is interconnected with circuitry 34 such as by suitable connectors. To initially store the proper correction values in ROM 36 of circuitry 34, calibration instrumentation 46 is temporarily connected to compensation circuitry 34 as illustrated. Next, the vessel is steered in a circular course which causes its heading to span the complete 360" of possible headings. As the heading of the vessel changes, the output of compass 30 indicating the vessel heading, but including magnetic deviation and variation errors, is compared with the true heading as determined by gyrocompass 48 in logic 50. From this comparison, logic 50 calculates the deviation factor which is then applied to the inputs to ROM 36. At selected intervals, logic 50 produces a strobe signal which is applied to the Write enable input of ROM 36 and which causes the presently calculated deviation correction factor to be stored therein. The frequency of strobe signals and the resulting number of individual deviation-correction factors stored in ROM 36 will depend upon the accuracy with which it is desired to correct compass 30.By use of the invention, correction can be readily provided for each 1 heading change. If desired, variation correction circuitry 52 may be added to calibration instrumentation 46. This circuitry 52 applies signals to logic 50 for combination with deviationcorrection signals to also compensate for effects due to local magnetic variation. It should also be appreciated that the calibration instrumentation 46 may easily be implemented to produce deviation corrected heading data for entry into ROM 44 of the embodiment shown in Figure 3. WHAT WE CLAIM IS:

1. Apparatus for providing a deviationcorrected output signal representative of an actual compass heading comprising: a magnetic compass providing an output signal representative of an indicated compass heading; means for storing deviation-correction signals representative of the deviation of the compass for each of a plurality of different indicated compass headings; means for retrieving the stored deviationcorrection signal corresponding to the indicated compass heading in response to the output signal from the compass; and means responsive to the retrieved deviation-correction signal for producing a deviation-corrected output signal representative of the actual compass heading.

the retrieved deviation-correction signal to produce a deviation-corrected output signal representative of the actual compass heading.

8. A method according to claim 7, further including the step of providing a signal representative of magnetic variation; and wherein the step of combining signals includes combining the signal representative of magnetic variation with the compass output signal and the retrieved deviationcorrection signal to produce an output signal representative of the actual heading of the compass with respect to true north.

9. Apparatus for providing a deviationcorrected output signal representative of an actual compass heading comprising: a magnetic compass providing an output signal representative of an indicated compass heading; means for storing deviation-correction signals representative of the deviation of the compass for each of a plurality of different indicated compass headings; means for retrieving the stored deviationcorrected signal corresponding to the indicated compass heading in response to the output signal from the compass; means responsive to the retrieved deviation-correction signal and to the compass output signal for producing a deviationcorrected output signal representative of the actual compass heading; and a calibration circuit. including means for providing signals representative of the actual heading of the compass; means for providing the compass output signal to the calibration circuit; means responsive to the signals representative of the actual heading and to the compass output signal for providing signals representative of the difference therebetween; and means for causing the difference signals to be stored by the storing means.

10. Apparatus according to claim 9 wherein the means for providing signals representative of the actual heading of the compass comprises a gyrocompass in a fixed angular relationship with the magnetic compass.

11. Apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the calibration circuit is operative to cause the deviation-correction signals to be stored in the storing means as the magnetic compass and gyrocompass are rotated through 360".

12. Apparatus according to any one of claims 9 to 11 wherein the calibration circuit further includes means for compensating for magnetic variation.

13. Apparatus according to any one of claims 9 to 12, wherein the storing means includes a read-only memory.

14. A method of providing deviationcorrected signals for a magnetic compass, comprising the steps of: storing deviation-correction signals representative of the deviation of the compass for each of a plurality of different compass headings, by: rotating the compass through 360" while the following steps are performed: providing signals representative of the actual heading of the compass; comparing the signals representative of the actual compass heading with the compass output signals to produce signals representative of the compass deviation; and storing deviation-correction signals representative of the deviation of the compass for each of a plurality of different headings; providing a digital compass output signal from a compass representative of an indicated compass heading; and retrieving in response to the output signal from the compass the stored deviationcorrection signal corresponding to the indicated compass heading; and combining the compass output signal and the retrieved deviation-correction signal to produce a deviation-corrected output signal representative of the actual compass heading.

15. A method according to claim 14, wherein the step of comparing includes the step of computing the difference between the signals representative of the actual compass heading and the compass output signal to produce signals representative of the difference therebetween; the difference signals being stored as the deviation-correction signals.

16. Apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 9, constructed and arranged substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as illustrated in, the accompanying drawings.

17. A method according to claim 7 or claim 14, substantially as herein described.