FR3136492A1 - Roofing device and insulating and draining construction panel - Google Patents

Abstract

Roofing device and insulating and draining construction panel The invention relates to a roofing device (10) integrating a protective layer with draining properties (14) comprising, on the one hand, construction panels (1) each of which has a body (1') in the form of a plate, this body (1') integrating liquid drainage means on the surface, on the underside and/or through, and on the other hand, a layer (1'') of material porous, arranged on the bodies (1') in the form of plates, permeable to liquids and constituting a barrier, at least substantially continuous, to the passage of insects, in particular those of the size of tiger mosquitoes, at the level of the upper faces (2) said bodies (1') in the form of plates and at the level of the lateral joint areas (6). Figure to be published with the abstract: Fig. 1

Description

Roofing device and insulating and draining construction panel

The present invention relates to the field of building, more particularly to construction panels used for the production of flat structure roofs, such as terrace roofs, in particular those coated with a continuous and impermeable waterproofing complex.

The invention particularly relates to an insulating construction panel with draining properties, as well as a roofing device comprising a layer formed of such panels.

In a known manner, buildings with flat roofs, called “terrace roofs”, accessible or not, are covered with a membrane or a continuous and impermeable waterproofing complex allowing the buildings to be liquid-tight.

However, a lack of flatness in the roof terrace leads to the formation of areas of stagnant liquid, or “puddles”, which is conducive to the growth of species of insects described as “harmful” to humans.

Among these species, we will notably cite the "tiger mosquito" (genus Aedes, subgenus Aedes or Stegomyia, species albopictus), whose increased development, particularly in regions with a temperate climate, is not desired, particularly to avoid the risk of bites and the transmission of diseases.

Indeed, to reproduce, the female tiger mosquito lays her eggs on solid surfaces located a few millimeters above existing stagnant water. These eggs can then survive several months without water. However, as soon as the solid nesting surface transforms into a sheet of stagnant water, for example following a meteorological phenomenon such as rain, snow, etc., the larval development of the tiger mosquito begins. In fact, tiger mosquito larvae only require one (1) cm of stagnant water for 5 days to develop.

Thus, following a rainy episode, a flat roof, in particular a terrace roof, presenting irregularities or flatness defects generates the appearance of wet areas, such as puddles or stagnant water, which are accessible to tiger mosquitoes and sufficient to allow their increased proliferation, in particular the development of larvae.

In order to limit, or even avoid, the growth of tiger mosquitoes, following the appearance of damp areas on terrace roofs covered with an existing waterproofing complex, there is a strong demand, even a regulatory obligation in certain countries, to find a solution eliminating the possibility of stagnant water forming on this type of roof and/or preventing these insects from accessing it.

The main objective of the invention is to limit as much as possible, or even completely prevent, the stagnation of liquid at the level of a flat roof coated with an existing waterproofing complex, and simultaneously to prevent the access of insects. harmful, such as the tiger mosquito, to this surface conducive to stagnation, while allowing said existing waterproofing complex to be preserved. In addition, the proposed solution should not significantly weigh down the roof, advantageously provide an additional beneficial function (for example additional insulation), and also preferably be able to support a sufficient load to make said covered surface accessible (compatibility with the installation of a slab-on-pedestal type system). Finally, said solution should make it possible to compensate for local inequalities and flatness defects and provide a flat upper face.

To meet at least the main requests set out above, the present invention has as its first object a substantially flat and horizontal or low-slope roof device, in particular an accessible terrace roof device, comprising at least one surface support, integrating or equipped means for evacuating liquids, and a layer or sealing complex completely covering said support, being attached directly or not to the latter,

roofing device characterized in that said waterproofing complex is covered by a protective layer and with draining properties comprising construction panels arranged side by side, each of which comprises or consists of a plate-shaped body, preferably rectangular, with lateral edges and formed of at least one layer of material, self-supporting, with compressive resistance properties, preferably of essentially hollow or cellular constitution,

in that each body structurally integrates: i) at least one means for draining liquid towards at least one of the lateral edges, which means is present on at least the upper face of said body and, optionally, also on the lower face, and/ or, at least one means for draining liquid through the thickness of said body and ii) at least one means for draining liquid towards at least one of the side edges, which is present on at least the lower face, and,

in that said protective layer with draining properties also comprises a layer of porous material, placed on the plate-shaped bodies, permeable to liquids and constituting a barrier, at least substantially continuous, to the passages of insects, in particular those of the size of tiger mosquitoes or greater, at the level of the upper faces of said plate-shaped bodies and at the level of the lateral joint zones resulting from the rapprochement or the bringing into contact of the lateral edges between neighboring bodies.

The aforementioned aim is also achieved by the invention thanks to a construction panel having the characteristics mentioned above, and which can be implemented in a roofing device as mentioned.

The invention will be better understood, thanks to the description below, which relates to preferred embodiments, given by way of non-limiting examples, and explained with reference to the appended schematic drawings, in which:

is a partial schematic sectional view of an accessible roof terrace device integrating a protective layer with draining properties according to a first embodiment of the invention;

is a partial schematic sectional view of a protective layer with draining properties according to a first embodiment of the invention, which can be part of a device as shown ;

is a partial schematic and sectional view of an accessible terrace roof device similar to that of the , but integrating a protective layer with draining properties according to a second embodiment of the invention;

is a perspective view from above of a panel body according to a first embodiment of the invention, which can form part of the protective layer and with draining properties shown in any one of Figures 1 to 3, this body comprising a network of grooves on the upper face and on the lower face, said grooves being parallel to each other and to one of the side edges of said body;

is a partial top view of a panel body according to another embodiment of the invention, comprising on the upper face two networks of superimposed parallel grooves forming a set of intersecting and obliquely oriented grooves, producing a diamond grid pattern ;

is a partial top view of a panel body according to a third embodiment of the invention, comprising on the upper face two networks of superimposed parallel grooves forming a set of intersecting grooves oriented perpendicularly, producing a square grid pattern ;

is a perspective view from above of the panel body of the , comprising on the lower face a network of monodirectional grooves parallel to one of the side edges;

is a perspective view of a prefabricated composite construction panel according to another embodiment of the invention, this panel comprising a body according to the and an attached sidewall of porous material, overhanging two adjacent or contiguous edges of the body;

is a partial sectional view (along a plane perpendicular to the grooves) and on another scale of the panel of the ;

is a perspective view of a prefabricated composite construction panel according to another embodiment of the invention, this panel comprising a body according to Figures 6 and 7 and an attached sidewall of porous material, projecting onto two adjacent or contiguous edges from the body ;

is a partial detail and sectional view of the lateral joint zone between two abutting panels (of the type shown in Figures 8 and 9), illustrating a variant embodiment of the invention implementing covering means;

is a detail and sectional view of the side joint area similar to that of the , illustrating another alternative embodiment of the panel bodies comprising in addition to surface drainage means in the form of grooves on the upper and lower faces, also through drainage means in the form of channels or through holes,

is a detail and sectional view, similar to those of Figures 11 and 12, of the lateral joint zone between two abutting panels, illustrating another alternative embodiment of the invention implementing cooperating engagement means, and ,

is a detail and sectional view, similar to those of Figures 11 to 13, of the lateral joint zone between two abutting panels, illustrating a fourth alternative embodiment of the invention, one of the panels integrating covering means similar to those of Figures 11 and 12, and the body of the other panel comprising spacing means.

As visible by way of non-limiting examples in Figures 1 and 3, the present invention relates according to a first aspect to a roof device (10) which is substantially flat and horizontal or with a low slope, in particular an accessible terrace roof device, comprising at least one surface support (11), integrating or equipped with means (12) for evacuating liquids, and a layer or sealing complex (13) completely covering said support (11) by being attached directly or not on the latter.

The surface support (11) may consist, for example, of a concrete roof slab or a wooden or metal roof floor.

According to a particular non-limiting embodiment, the means (12) for evacuating liquids consist for example of gutters, siphons or the like connected to pipes of the gutter or offset overflow type, for evacuating liquids, particularly water. rain, outside the roof structure.

Preferably, the waterproofing complex (13) consists, for example, of a continuous, waterproof waterproofing membrane.

In accordance with the invention, it is expected that:

- said waterproofing complex (13) is covered by a protective layer with draining properties (14) comprising construction panels (1) arranged side by side, each of which comprises or consists of a body (1') in the shape of plate, preferably rectangular, with lateral edges (3, 3') and formed of at least one layer of material, self-supporting, with properties of resistance to compression, preferably of essentially hollow or cellular constitution,

- each body (1') structurally integrates: i) at least one means (4, 4') for draining liquid towards at least one of the side edges (3, 3'), which means (4, 4') is present on at least the upper face (2) of said body (1') and, optionally, also on the lower face (2), and/or, at least one means (7) for draining liquid through the thickness of said body (1') and ii) at least one means (4, 4') for draining liquid towards at least one of the side edges (3, 3'), which is present on at least the lower face (2'), and ,

- said protective layer with draining properties (14) also comprises a layer (1'') of porous material, placed on the bodies (1') in the form of plates, permeable to liquids and constituting a barrier, at least substantially continuous, to the passage of insects, in particular those of the size of tiger mosquitoes or larger, at the level of the upper faces (2) of said plate-shaped bodies (1') and at the level of the lateral joint zones (6) resulting from the rapprochement or bringing the lateral edges (3, 3') into contact between neighboring bodies (1').

Thanks to this combination of specific provisions, the invention makes it possible to respond to the main requests expressed in the introduction and provides a solution making it possible to avoid the development of the tiger mosquito, on the one hand, by promoting the evacuation of water ( and therefore the removal of wetlands) and, on the other hand, by making it difficult, or even preventing, the access of tiger mosquitoes to the area located above the waterproofing (area conducive to egg-laying and development of a new generation of mosquitoes) and also by making it difficult, or even preventing, the exit from this area for possible representatives of a new generation.

Thus, the roof device (10) simultaneously makes it possible to guarantee effective drainage of liquids outside the roof, to avoid the formation of points of stagnant liquid conducive to larval proliferation and the development of mosquitoes, in particular tiger mosquitoes and other mosquitoes. prevent access of the latter under the layer (14), and also if necessary to keep them prisoners under this layer.

In the context of the present invention, the term “flat roof” does not require that the roof be perfectly flat, it can be “substantially flat” with a slight inclination relative to a horizontal position substantially parallel to the ground.

By the term "self-supporting layer of material", which forms the bodies (1'), we mean a layer which retains structural stability, rigidity and mechanical resistance properties, under the effect of gravity but also of external constraints. , particularly of the rain type, even on a non-flat support. The self-supporting layer of material advantageously presents no significant risk of disintegration or friability in the face of external stresses.

Advantageously, to maintain its draining functions and its structural constitution, said self-supporting layer will have compressive resistance properties and will preferably be of cellular constitution to also present lightness and thermal insulation properties.

Preferably, said self-supporting layer is of a substantially incompressible nature in its conditions of implementation in the context of the invention, so as to be able to support the weight and pressure of liquids, for example in times of heavy rain, or even the weight of human subjects in the case of an accessible roof terrace.

In order to limit the quantities of materials and to have a structure that is both rigid and light, the material constituting the body (1') is advantageously of cellular constitution, advantageously with a density of at least 12 kg/m ^{3 ,} and preferably between 25 and 45 kg/m ³ , in application of standard EN 1602.

For an application in the case of an accessible terrace roof, said self-supporting layer of the bodies (1') advantageously has a compressive resistance at 10% deformation (CS (10/Y)) greater than or equal to 80 kPa, and preferably between 150 and 350 kPa, in application of standard EN826, and preferably a density of at least 12 kg/m ³ , in application of standard EN1602.

For an application in the case of a non-accessible roof, that is to say where appropriate simply topped with a ballast material, said self-supporting layer will advantageously have a resistance to compression at 10% deformation (CS ( 10/Y)) greater than or equal to 40 kPa in application of standard EN826, and preferably a density of at least 12 kg/m3 in application of standard EN1602.

Advantageously, said porous barrier layer (1'') does not form a significant obstacle to the passage of liquids from above from above the layer (14) to below (liquids whose circulation and evacuation is facilitated via the draining means 4 , 4 'and, where appropriate, the through drainage means 7), while simultaneously preventing the passage of insects, in particular tiger mosquitoes, from above to below, and vice versa.

The porous barrier layer (1'') therefore makes it possible to avoid larval proliferation of insects, in particular tiger mosquitoes, at the level of the lateral joint zones (6) or at the level of the lower face (2') of the bodies ( 1') of panels.

Even if by extraordinary means, a laying egg had to cross the porous barrier layer (1'') and the protective layer with draining properties (14), particularly at the level of the lateral joint areas (6), then develop into an insect after the larval phase, this insect would be physically stuck under the porous barrier layer (1'') without the possibility of escaping from under the protective layer with draining properties (14) and therefore of surviving. The solution proposed by the invention is therefore a lasting solution to limit the development and proliferation of insects, in particular tiger mosquitoes, in particular in the context of flat roofs.

In accordance with a first embodiment of the invention, emerging from Figures 1 and 2, the layer of porous material (1'') consists of continuous strips of covering porous materials, with a parallel arrangement of said strips and with lateral overlap partial between two neighboring strips, the upper faces (2) of the panel bodies.

In this case, the panel bodies (1') and the strips of porous material are delivered separately to the construction site and the operator first installs said bodies (1') on the sealing complex (13) so as to form a first layer, then unrolls and positions the strips of porous material, to constitute a continuous layer of porous material (1'') with lateral overlap between strips.

In accordance with a second embodiment of the invention, emerging from the and partially from Figures 8 to 14, the layer of porous material (1'') is made up of flanks (8) of porous material covering the upper faces (2) of the panel bodies, these flanks (8) partially overlapping at the level strip-shaped areas extending along lateral sides of said flanks (8). Of course, the overlap between sides (8) is made so as to constitute a continuous layer of porous material (1'') with lateral overlap between sides.

Advantageously, in accordance with this second embodiment, it can be provided that each side (8) of porous material is associated with a body (1') in the form of a plate, if necessary being secured to the upper face (2 ) of the latter to form a panel (1) of prefabricated composite construction, said sidewall (8) projecting laterally from said body (1') on two contiguous side edges (3 and 3'), to form side strips (51) in overhang, of sufficient width to ensure the continuity of the layer of porous material (1'') at the level of the lateral joint zones (6), between bodies (1') of neighboring panels (1) abutting in the protective layer with draining properties (14). Preferably, these strips (51) have a width adapted to extend on the side (8) of the neighboring panel (1) with sufficient overlap to secure the closure of the joint zones with the porous material.

According to a preferred embodiment of the panel 1, in particular for use on a terrace roof, the self-supporting layer forming each body (1') consists of a layer of thermally insulating cellular material, preferably hydrophobic, such as EPS or XPS .

According to the invention, the term “thermal insulating material” means a material allowing thermal insulation, preferably which has a coefficient λ of thermal conductivity, declared at 10°C, less than 60 mW/m/K (milliwatt per meter- Kelvin) measured according to standard EN12667.

Preferably, the self-supporting layer of insulating material is hydrophobic and can correspond to any material known to those skilled in the art, particularly for roofing applications, which presents both thermal insulation and structural resistance, even in the presence of water and humidity.

According to a preferred embodiment, to respond to the self-supporting hydrophobic insulating properties of the layer, polystyrene will be chosen as material for the body (1'), preferably cellular polystyrene, such as for example expanded polystyrene called "PSE". » or extruded polystyrene called “XPS”.

According to another advantageous embodiment, the total thickness of the panel body (1') is greater than or equal to 10 mm, preferably between 20 and 45 mm.

A body (1') having a constitution as mentioned above also makes it possible to compensate for the flatness defects of the support on which it rests and to absorb small local inequalities and thus to provide a flat upper surface.

For reasons of simplicity of handling, cost price, lightness, ease of implementation and effectiveness as a barrier against insects, in particular tiger mosquitoes, the porous material forming said porous barrier layer ( 1''), permeable to liquids and constituting a barrier to the passage of insects of the mosquito-tiger type, is a flexible material of the grid, mesh, non-woven, felt or geotextile type, which advantageously has an average pore opening of diameter less than 250 µm, preferably between 80 µm and 150 µm, so as to avoid the passage of insects, in particular tiger mosquitoes, while being sufficiently permeable to the passage of water (adapted to allow effective evacuation of the rainwater, particularly in the event of a storm).

Preferably, said porous water-permeable material is a non-woven material of synthetic fibers linked by needling and heat-sealed, the size of the pores of which does not allow the passage of insects, in particular of the mosquito-tiger type.

According to a preferred embodiment, said porous barrier layer (1'') consists for example of geotextile or felt.

Advantageously, said porous material has a weight greater than or equal to 50 g/m ² ; preferably a weight of between 100 and 200 g/m ² , in order to maintain sufficient structural cohesion and be able to form a barrier of sufficient strength for the desired purpose.

As illustrated in Figures 1 to 14, for each panel body (1'), said or each means (4, 4') of draining liquid towards at least one of the side edges (3, 3') comprises a set of grooves (4, 4'). This type of drainage means favors, depending on the face on which it is located, directing the liquids towards the side edge(s) concerned for evacuation at the level of the lateral joint areas (6) or for evacuation from below the body (1') concerned.

Advantageously, and according to a preferred embodiment, manufacturing and machining that is easy to implement, the grooves (4, 4') are straight profiled grooves of constant section, preferably of square, triangular or round section.

Preferably, the grooves (4, 4') are parallel monodirectional grooves, as visible in the , or intersecting bidirectional grooves, as visible in Figures 5 to 7, each groove connecting two different side edges (3, 3') which are contiguous or opposite.

The aforementioned grooves form drainage channels facilitating and directing the evacuation of liquids, in particular water outside the limits of the body (1'). The evacuation, through the grooves 4, takes place in particular at the level of the upper face (2) of the body (1') and thus avoids water stagnation conducive to larval proliferation and the growth of insects including mosquitoes- tigers.

According to a preferred embodiment, visible in Figures 1 to 14, each body (1') integrates grooves (4) on its upper face (2) and grooves (4') on its lower face (2'), so as to create liquid drainage channels both on the upper face (2) and the lower face (2') of the body (1'), preventing water stagnation and limiting larval proliferation at the level of each of the two faces (2 and 2') of the body (1'), therefore above and below panel 1.

According to a preferred embodiment, the grooves (4, 4') form at least a network of grooves parallel to each other and to one of the side edges (3, 3') of the body (1'), advantageously the edge (3) the longest and where appropriate with a similar orientation, or not, for the grooves (4) of the upper face (2) and the grooves (4') of the lower face (2').

In this configuration, the grooves (4, 4') drain the liquids towards one of the side edges (3, 3') of the body (1') and therefore of the panel 1, in order to be able to eliminate them easily from a single location of said body and panel.

According to a preferred embodiment of the panel body (1'), each face (2 or 2') has between 10 and 60 grooves per meter, so as to allow sufficient drainage of liquids at the level of the face concerned (avoiding a uncontrolled overflow), by creating open channels on the upper face (2) and closed channels on the lower face (the body 1' resting on a support when the panel is installed on site).

Within the meaning of the invention, a network of grooves (4, 4') is formed by a set of several grooves (4 or 4') parallel to each other and belonging to the same face (2 or 2') of the body (1 ') concerned.

As visible in Figures 4, 8 and 9, the grooves (4, 4') of each assembly (upper or lower) can be monodirectional and parallel to each other and together form a network of monodirectional grooves parallel to the edges (3) - for example the longest - of the rectangular body (1') concerned. This network of grooves (4, 4') then makes it possible to evacuate the liquids towards the edge(s) (3') - here the shortest, possibly depending on the slope - and outside the limits of the body (1') , and therefore of the corresponding panel (1).

Advantageously, a network of parallel monodirectional grooves makes it possible to concentrate and recover liquids easily on a single lateral edge of the body (1') and is sized to be able to carry out controlled evacuation even in the event of a storm.

According to another embodiment of the invention, illustrated in Figures 5 to 7 and 10, the grooves (4, 4') of the same face (2, 2') comprise at least two superimposed networks of parallel grooves between they, the grooves (4, 4') of the two networks being mutually intersecting so as to form a grid pattern on one and/or the other of the upper and lower faces (2, 2'), with intersections between the grooves (4, 4') of the two superimposed networks, either at right angles to form a right grid pattern, or at acute or obtuse angles to form a diamond pattern, the grooves (4, 4') of at least one of the two networks nested together being possibly parallel to one of the lateral edges (3, 3').

In these constructive variants with a set of upper and/or lower grooves having a configuration of two superimposed networks of grooves, the flow of liquids is advantageously carried out simultaneously in two different directions and towards at least two contiguous edges (3 and 3'). or opposite. For a given quantity of liquid arriving on the body (1'), distributing the flow of liquids in two different directions increases the speed of drainage of the liquids outside the panel 1. This embodiment also makes it possible to avoid the need for a direction of installation imposed by a slight slope of the roof, and therefore to optimize and facilitate the installation of the panels.

As visible in the aforementioned figures, the grooves (4, 4') define two superimposed networks of grooves parallel to each other, the grooves (4, 4') of the first network being intersecting with the grooves (4, 4') of the second network so as to form a grid pattern of intersecting bidirectional grooves. This grid pattern makes it possible to evacuate liquids outside the surface of the body (1') concerned on at least two adjacent or opposite side edges (3, 3').

Thus, a pattern of intersecting bidirectional grooves (4, 4') on one face (2, 2') increases the number of lateral edges (3, 3') intended for the evacuation of liquids. Thus, in the event of a large quantity of liquid present on the upper face of the layer (14), a pattern of intersecting bidirectional grooves (4, 4') will present a greater speed of drainage of liquids outside the bodies (1'). as a pattern of monodirectional grooves (4, 4').

It can be provided that the grooves (4, 4') of at least one of the two interlocking networks can be parallel to one of the side edges (3, 3'), so as to facilitate installation in a manner adjacent several panels 1 on the same support without worrying about the orientation of the panel bodies (1').

Indeed, when several bodies (1') or panels (1) are juxtaposed on a dedicated support, a pattern of intersecting bidirectional grooves (4, 4'), in the form of two superimposed networks on the same face (2 , 2'), does not require worrying about the installation orientation angle of said bodies or panels: in fact, all the installation orientations of a panel body with a bidirectional groove pattern (4, 4') allow continuity of the liquid drainage channels.

Advantageously, networks of grooves (4, 4'), molded from the body (1') or machined in the latter, are present at least on the upper face (2), preferably on the upper face (2 ) and on the lower face (2'), presenting network patterns, orientations and dimensions of grooves that are similar or not.

According to another embodiment visible in Figures 5 and 12, in order to further increase the drainage capacities of liquids, in particular the speed of drainage of liquids and the volume quantities drained, and possibly to avoid drainage of the liquid on the surface towards one of the lateral edges, each body (1') can structurally integrate at least one liquid drainage means passing through (7) the thickness of said body (1'), this alternatively or in association with at least one means drainage (4, 4') of liquid towards at least one of the side edges (3, 3'), which is present on the lower face (2'), at least or exclusively.

Preferably, said drainage means (7) passing through the thickness of the body (1') concerned is in the form of a plurality of holes or rectilinear channels (71) passing through the thickness of said self-supporting layer forming the body (1') by connecting the upper face (2) and the lower face (2'), these channels opening preferentially at the bottom of the grooves (4, 4') of the face concerned (2, 2') when the latter are present.

The through holes (71) have the effect of increasing the drainage capacity of liquids outside the upper face (2) of the body (1'), as an alternative replacement or in addition to liquid evacuation towards the edges lateral by the drainage means (4) on the surface. The circulation of liquids then takes place both through the thickness of the body (1') and at the level of the lower face (2') by the grooves (4'), and possibly additionally at the level of the face upper (2) by the grooves (4) when present.

The through holes or channels (71) preferably open out at the bottom of the grooves (4, 4') so as to allow immediate drainage of the liquid arriving on the face concerned (2, 2') to increase the speed of drainage of the flow of liquid outside the limits of the body (1') considered.

According to one embodiment of the invention, in the body all of the holes (71) are rectilinear, perpendicular to the faces of the body (1') concerned, and of identical diameter and dimensions.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the channels or through holes (7) are distributed over the surface of the body (1'), with advantageously a higher surface concentration in the central region of said body (1'), these holes preferably having a diameter which is greater than or equal to 5 mm, preferably between 10 and 20 mm.

A higher surface concentration of holes or channels (71) in the central region of the body (1') makes it possible to have a greater ability to evacuate through the body (1') at a distance from the side edges, providing a shorter evacuation path for the liquid in this region of the upper face (2). This configuration makes it possible to increase the transfer rate of liquid under the body (1’) and promotes its rapid evacuation.

According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the holes or channels (71) of the central region of the body (1') can have a larger diameter than the holes of the peripheral region of the body (1').

According to another possible particularity of the invention, emerging for example from the , at least one of the side edges (3, 3') of the plate-shaped bodies (1'), preferably two contiguous side edges (3 and 3'), are provided with spacing means (9) such that, by example, protuberant formations in one piece, intended to guarantee the formation of lateral joint zones (6), between neighboring bodies (1') abutting in the protective layer and with draining properties (14), having an interstitial width of minimum passage.

The guarantee of a minimum gap between mutually abutting bodies (1') facilitates their regular installation, leads to the automatic creation of joint zones (6) (guaranteed flow at the level of the edge concerned) and allows structural mechanical dynamics between several bodies (1') or panels (1) juxtaposed. This arrangement also contributes to a certain flexibility and structural adaptability of the layer made up of such panels (1), promoting resistance to wear and tear over time, so as to obtain an airy roof device (10) which is conducive to circulation. of air and the natural drying of residual humidity.

Furthermore, by guaranteeing a minimum gap between two adjacent bodies (1'), the spacing means (9) formed on the lateral edge concerned (studs, ribs, pins, etc.) facilitate the juxtaposition of the bodies (1'). ) and panels (1) on a roof. The spacing means (9) allow easy and effective alignment of the grooves (4, 4') of two adjacent bodies (1') so as to generate continuity in the flow of liquids from one panel to the other . Controlling the installation of mutually adjacent bodies (1') and panels (1), by the spacing means (9), also makes it possible to cover the entire roof, over its entire surface, with a porous barrier layer 1' ' uniform, especially when the layer (14) is formed of prefabricated construction panels (1).

In addition, said spacing means (9), particularly when they are continuous (profiled formations), constitute an additional physical barrier to the passage of insects, which cannot reach the lower face (2') of the body (1' ) potentially including a zone of residual humidity.

According to another embodiment visible on the , it can be provided that each plate-shaped body (1') comprises on at least one side edge (3, 3'), preferably on two contiguous side edges (3 and 3'), engagement means (5 ') of the profiled formation type and on the respectively opposite side(s) of the complementary engagement means (5''), also of the profiled formation type, the two engagement means (5' and 5'') being configured to cooperate by conjugation of shape when two panels (1) come together at the edges (3 and 3') concerned, so as to constitute a barrier to the passage of insects, of the baffle type, preventing in particular the passage tiger mosquitoes, at the level of lateral joint zones (6) between neighboring bodies (1') abutting in the protective layer and with draining properties (14).

Thus, said engagement means (5', 5''), for example of the male/female type and assembled by interlocking, also provide the role of barrier for the passage of insects through the joint zones (6), in particular of the tiger mosquito. Insects cannot therefore reach the underside (2’) of the body (1’) of the panel (1) to proliferate.

In addition, the engagement means (5', 5'') facilitate the installation of the bodies (1') and the panels (1) which can be juxtaposed next to each other by simple mutual engagement of the means of engagement (5' and 5'') complementary to the abutting panels. In addition, layer (14) gains structural coherence.

Consequently, even in the absence of a porous barrier layer (1'') at the joint areas (6), external insect-like elements cannot reach the underside (2') of the bodies (1') , under the layer (14): in fact the chicane type barrier, formed by cooperation of the complementary engagement means (5' and 5''), prevents them from doing so.

In addition, the two complementary engagement means (5' and 5'') ensure assembly cohesion when two bodies (1') or panels (1) come together while allowing air circulation. or water suitable for drainage of flows between the upper face (2) and the lower face (2') of the bodies (1').

Preferably, with the roofing device (10) of the invention, the panels (1) and the bodies (1') are arranged in such a way, to form the protective layer with draining properties (14), that at less the grooves (4') of the upper face (2) and/or the grooves (4) of the lower face (2'), are oriented to promote the circulation of liquid, present on the upper face (2) and/ or under the lower face (2') of the body (1') concerned, towards said means (12) for evacuating the support (11), so as to evacuate the liquids outside the roofing device (10) and avoid the formation of wet areas of stagnant liquid.

Thus, this particular assembly configuration of the bodies (1') and the panels (1) of the protective layer with draining property (14) makes it possible to direct and concentrate the liquids near the evacuation means (12), so as to to evacuate them by a flow and movement of the continuous liquid flows in the grooves (4, 4') forming the drainage channels. The formation of areas of stagnant liquid, conducive to the proliferation and development of insects, is no longer possible.

In addition, in addition to promoting the drainage of liquids, this particular configuration facilitates assembly: simply follow the orientation of the grooves (4, 4') to assemble the bodies (1') and the panels in a good orientation (1) with each other.

According to one embodiment of the roofing device 10 visible in Figures 1 and 3, the layer (1'') of porous material forming the upper face of the protective layer and with draining properties (14) is covered with a material of ballast constituting a non-accessible surface, in particular a mineral layer of gravel type, or means (15) constituting an accessible and walkable surface, such as for example the components of a slatted floor or even a slab floor (151) on pads (152).

In the case of an inaccessible surface, the ballast material can be gravel type, thus forming an additional barrier to the passage of insects.

In the case of an accessible surface, users can move on the roofing device (10) easily through the means (15), without being in direct contact with the protective layer with draining properties (14). In addition, the pads can advantageously be provided with large surface bases to distribute the loads on said layer (14).

The means (15) is a first protective barrier for the draining protective layer (14) against possible degradation by users or any other possible external environmental constraints.

Advantageously, a floor with slabs (151) on studs (152) as a means (15) will have the advantage of distributing the pressure forces in play applied to the protective layer with draining properties (14) only at the location where find the pads (152), which will also limit its degradation and the formation of low points which can constitute stagnation zones (which can nevertheless be dried by the provision of through drainage means 7).

The invention also has another object making it possible to respond to requests and achieve the desired goal, a construction panel (1) with a draining function, in particular for water, of the type of covering panel for flat roof, this panel (1) comprising a body (1') in the form of a plate, preferably rectangular, with opposite upper (2) and lower (2') faces and four side edges (3, 3'). For the purposes of the invention, the term "construction panel with a draining function" means a panel, of plate type, in particular a parallelepiped plate, used for the construction of buildings, buildings, houses and similar constructions, which allows drainage and drainage. evacuation of liquids, in particular water, such as rainwater.

In accordance with the invention and as shown by way of example in Figures 8 to 14, this panel (1) is characterized in that:

– the body (1’) is formed of at least one layer of material, self-supporting, with compressive resistance properties, preferably of essentially hollow or cellular constitution,

- said body (1') structurally integrates i) at least one means (4, 4') for draining liquid towards at least one of the side edges (3, 3'), which means (4, 4') is present on at least the upper face (2) of said body (1') and, optionally, also on the lower face (2), and/or, ii) at least one means (7) for draining liquid through the thickness of said body (1') and at least one liquid drainage means (4, 4') towards at least one of the side edges (3, 3'), which is present on at least the lower face (2'),

- said body (1') comprises, along at least two contiguous or consecutive side edges (3, 3'), covering means (5) and/or engagement means (5', 5'' ), arranged and configured to each cooperate with a similar adjacent panel (1) so as to constitute a barrier to the passage of insects, in particular of the size of tiger mosquitoes, at the level of lateral joint zones (6) formed by abutment edges (3, 3') of the body of said panel (1) with those of similar panel bodies (1) in order to constitute a protective layer with draining properties (14), and,

- said panel (1) also comprises at least one layer (1'') of porous material, permeable to liquids and constituting a barrier to the passage of insects, in particular those of the size of tiger mosquitoes, said porous layer (1' ') being attached to the upper face (2) of the body (1') and covering at least the lateral draining means (4, 4') present on the upper face (2), and where appropriate the openings (71) leading out at the upper face (2) of the through draining means (7) possibly present.

Such a panel (1) is particularly adapted to constitute, through cooperation with other identical panels (1) by abutting juxtaposition, a protective layer with draining properties (14), forming a barrier against tiger mosquitoes and preventing their reproduction and proliferation, in particular in a roofing device (10) as mentioned above.

The covering means (5) and the engagement means (5',5'') mentioned above can be present in a mutually alternative or additional manner, and have a barrier role in order to prevent the passage of external elements being able to enter at the level of the joint areas (6), and possibly block these or the drainage means (4') on the underside. In particular, the covering means (5) are configured to constitute barriers to the passage of insects, in particular tiger mosquitoes.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, said covering means (5) consist of portions of porous filtration layer which are permeable to water but provide a role as a passage barrier for insects or other larger elements. , in particular of the gravel type, leaves, sand, etc., which can be carried away by rainwater in particular. The porous material forming these covering means (5) is advantageously of the type mentioned above in relation to the layer (1'') of porous material forming the upper face of the protective layer and with draining properties (14).

Preferably, and as shown for example in Figures 3 and 8 to 14, each covering means (5) is constituted by an extension of a sidewall (8) of flexible porous material covering the upper face (2) of the body ( 1') and forming said porous barrier layer (1''). These covering means (5) thus consist of two side strips (51) of the sidewall (8) which extend laterally from the body (1') and extend along and beyond the two side edges (3 and 3'). concerned, with an overhang sufficient to constitute a barrier at the level of lateral joint zones (6) formed by abutting said lateral edges (3 and 3') of said panel (1) considered with lateral edges (3 and 3'), devoid of such covering means (5), similar neighboring panels (1).

Thus, said covering means (5) prevent the passage of insects, in particular tiger mosquitoes, through the joint areas (6), and prevent their migration towards the lower face (2'). These covering means therefore contribute to stopping the development and larval proliferation of insects at the underside of the body (1) of the panel (1) installed on site and forming part of a layer (14).

The sidewall (8) can be fixed to the upper face (2) of the body (1’) by gluing/welding (by strip or by points) or stapling for example. Likewise, the strips of flexible porous material, forming means (5) for covering the openings on the surface of the joint zones (6) between adjacent panels (1), can optionally be fixed at the level of neighboring abutting panels which they cover in border (see figures 3 and 11 to 14), by gluing, welding or stapling.

The porous material constituting the sidewall (8) advantageously has the characteristics of the porous material described above in relation to the porous barrier layer (1'') and the body (1') of the panel (1) those of the body (1') described above.

Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described and represented in the accompanying drawings. Modifications remain possible, particularly from the point of view of the constitution of the various elements or by substitution of technical equivalents, without departing from the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims (19)

Roof device (10) substantially flat and horizontal or with a low slope, in particular accessible terrace roof device, comprising at least one surface support (11), integrating or equipped with means (12) for evacuating liquids, and a layer or a sealing complex (13) completely covering said support (11), being attached directly or not to the latter,
roofing device (10) characterized in that said waterproofing complex (13) is covered by a protective layer with draining properties (14) comprising construction panels (1) arranged side by side, each of which comprises or consists of a body (1') in the form of a plate, preferably rectangular, with lateral edges (3, 3') and formed of at least one layer of material, self-supporting, with properties of resistance to compression, preferably of constitution essentially hollow or alveolar,
in that each body (1') structurally integrates: i) at least one means (4, 4') for draining liquid towards at least one of the lateral edges (3, 3'), which means (4, 4') is present on at least the upper face (2) of said body (1') and, optionally, also on the lower face (2), and/or, at least one means (7) for draining liquid through the thickness of said body (1') and ii) at least one liquid drainage means (4, 4') towards at least one of the side edges (3, 3'), which is present on at least the lower face (2') , And,
in that said protective layer with draining properties (14) also comprises a layer (1'') of porous material, arranged on the bodies (1') in the form of plates, permeable to liquids and constituting a barrier, at least substantially continuous, to the passages of insects, in particular those of the size of tiger mosquitoes or greater, at the level of the upper faces (2) of said bodies (1') in the form of plates and at the level of the lateral joint zones (6) resulting bringing together or bringing into contact the lateral edges (3, 3') between neighboring bodies (1'). Roofing device (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the layer of porous material (1'') consists of continuous strips of covering porous materials, with a parallel arrangement of said strips and with partial lateral overlap between two neighboring strips , the upper faces (2) of the panel bodies. Roofing device (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the layer of porous material (1'') consists of sides (8) of porous material covering the upper faces (2) of the body of the panels, these sides ( 8) partially overlapping at strip-shaped areas extending along lateral sides of said flanks (8). Roofing device (10) according to claim 3, characterized in that each side (8) of porous material is associated with a body (1') in the form of a plate, where appropriate being secured to the upper face (2) of the latter to form a panel (1) of prefabricated composite construction, said sidewall (8) projecting laterally from said body (1') on two contiguous side edges (3 and 3'), to form door side strips (51) - overhang, of sufficient width to ensure the continuity of the layer of porous material (1'') at the level of the lateral joint zones (6), between bodies (1') of neighboring panels (1) abutting in the layer protective and with draining properties (14). Roofing device (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the porous material forming said porous barrier layer (1''), permeable to liquids and constituting a barrier to the passage of insects of the mosquito type -tiger, is a flexible material of the grid, mesh, non-woven, felt or geotextile type, which advantageously has an average pore opening with a diameter of less than 250 µm, preferably between 80 µm and 150 µm, so as to avoid the passage of insects, in particular tiger mosquitoes, while being permeable to the passage of water. Roofing device (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the self-supporting layer forming each body (1') consists of a layer of thermally insulating cellular material, preferably hydrophobic, such as EPS or of the XPS. Roofing device (10) according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, for each panel body (1'), said or each liquid drainage means (4, 4') towards at least one side edges (3, 3') comprises a set of grooves (4, 4'), advantageously profiled rectilinear grooves of constant section, preferably parallel one-way grooves or mutually intersecting two-way grooves, each groove connecting two side edges ( 3, 3') different contiguous or opposite of the body (1') concerned. Roofing device (10) according to claim 7, characterized in that the grooves (4, 4') form at least a network of grooves parallel to each other and to one of the side edges (3, 3') of the body (1' ) concerned, advantageously the longest edge (3) and where appropriate with a similar orientation, or not, for the grooves (4) of the upper face (2) and the grooves (4') of the lower face (2 '). Roofing device (10) according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the grooves (4, 4') of the same face (2, 2') of a body (1') comprise at least two superimposed networks grooves parallel to each other, the grooves (4, 4') of the two networks being mutually intersecting so as to form a grid pattern on one and/or the other of the upper and lower faces (2, 2'), with intersections between the grooves (4, 4') of the two superimposed networks, either at right angles to form a right grid pattern, or at acute or obtuse angles to form a diamond pattern, the grooves (4, 4') of the 'at least one of the two interlocking networks possibly being parallel to one of the lateral edges (3, 3'). Roofing device (10) according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that networks of grooves (4, 4'), molded from the body (1') or machined in the latter, are present at the less on the upper face (2), preferably on the upper face (2) and on the lower face (2'), presenting network patterns, orientations and dimensions of grooves that are similar or not. Roofing device (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the drainage means (7) passing through the thickness of said body (1') is in the form of a plurality of holes or rectilinear channels (71) extending through the thickness of said self-supporting layer forming the body (1') by connecting the upper face (2) and the lower face (2'), these channels opening preferentially at the bottom of the grooves (4, 4') of the face concerned (2, 2') when the grooves considered are present, and in that these channels or through holes (71) are distributed over the surface of the body (1'), with advantageously a higher surface concentration in the central region of said body (1'), these holes or channels preferably having a diameter which is greater than or equal to 5 mm, preferably between 10 and 20 mm. Roofing device (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that at least one of the side edges (3, 3') of the plate-shaped bodies (1'), preferably two side edges ( 3 and 3') contiguous, are provided with spacing means (9) such as, for example, protuberant formations in one piece, intended to guarantee the formation of lateral joint zones (6), between bodies (1 ') abutting neighbors in the protective layer and with draining properties (14), having a minimum interstitial passage width. Roofing device (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that each body (1') in the form of a plate has on at least one side edge (3, 3'), preferably on two side edges (3 and 3') contiguous, engagement means (5') of the profiled formation type and on the respectively opposite side(s) of the complementary engagement means (5''), also of the profiled formation type, the two engagement means (5' and 5'') being configured to cooperate by shape conjugation when two panels (1) come together at the edges (3 and 3') concerned, so as to constitute a barrier to the passage of insects, of the baffle type, preventing in particular the passage of tiger mosquitoes, at the level of lateral joint zones (6) between neighboring bodies (1') abutting in the protective layer and with draining properties (14). Roofing device (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the panels (1) and the bodies (1') are arranged in such a way, to form the protective layer with draining properties (14 ), that at least the grooves (4') of the upper face (2) and/or the grooves (4) of the lower face (2'), are oriented to promote the circulation of liquid, present on the upper face (2) and/or under the lower face (2') of the body (1') concerned, towards said means (12) for evacuating the support (11), so as to evacuate the liquids outside the roofing device ( 10) and avoid the formation of wet areas of stagnant liquid. Roofing device (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the layer (1'') of porous material forming the upper face of the protective layer and with draining properties (14) is covered with a ballast material constituting an inaccessible surface, in particular a mineral layer of gravel type, or means (15) constituting an accessible and walkable surface, such as for example the components of a slatted floor or even a floor of slabs (151) on pedestals (152). Construction panel (1) with a draining function, in particular for water, of the type of covering panel for a flat roof, in particular for a roofing device according to any one of claims 1 and 3 to 15, comprising a body ( 1') in the form of a plate, preferably rectangular, with opposite upper (2) and lower (2') faces and four side edges (3, 3'),
panel (1) characterized
in that said body (1') is formed of at least one self-supporting layer of material, with compressive resistance properties, preferably of essentially hollow or cellular constitution,
in that said body (1') structurally integrates i) at least one means (4, 4') for draining liquid towards at least one of the lateral edges (3, 3'), which means (4, 4') is present on at least the upper face (2) of said body (1') and, optionally, also on the lower face (2), and/or, ii) at least one means (7) for draining liquid through the thickness of said body (1') and at least one liquid drainage means (4, 4') towards at least one of the side edges (3, 3'), which is present on at least the lower face (2'),
in that said body (1') comprises, along at least two contiguous or consecutive lateral edges (3, 3'), covering means (5) and/or engagement means (5', 5 ''), arranged and configured to each cooperate with a similar panel (1) adjacent so as to constitute a barrier to the passage of insects, in particular of the size of tiger mosquitoes, at the level of lateral joint zones (6) formed by abutting the edges (3, 3') of the body of said panel (1) with those of similar panel bodies (1) in order to constitute a protective layer with draining properties (14),
in that said panel (1) also comprises at least one layer (1'') of porous material, permeable to liquids and constituting a barrier to the passage of insects, in particular those of the size of tiger mosquitoes, said porous layer ( 1'') being attached to the upper face (2) of the body (1') and covering at least the lateral draining means (4, 4') present on the upper face (2), and where appropriate the openings (71 ) opening out at the upper face (2) of the through draining means (7) possibly present. Panel according to claim 16, characterized in that each covering means (5) is constituted by an extension of a sidewall (8) of flexible porous material covering the upper face (2) of the body (1') and forming said layer porous barrier (1''), these covering means thus consisting of two lateral strips (51) of the sidewall (8) which extend laterally from the body (1') and extend along and beyond the two lateral edges ( 3 and 3') concerned, with an overhang sufficient to constitute a barrier at the level of lateral joint zones (6) formed by abutting said lateral edges (3 and 3') of said panel (1) considered with side edges (3 and 3'), devoid of such covering means (5), of similar neighboring panels (1). Panel according to any one of claims 16 and 17, characterized in that said or each means (4, 4') of drainage of liquid towards at least one of the lateral edges (3, 3') comprises a set of grooves (4, 4'), advantageously profiled rectilinear grooves of constant section, preferably parallel monodirectional grooves or mutually intersecting bidirectional grooves, each groove connecting two different contiguous or opposite side edges (3, 3') of the body (1') concerned. Panel according to any one of claims 16 to 18, characterized in that the sidewall (8) made of porous material projects laterally from the body (1') on two contiguous side edges (3 and 3'), to form lateral strips ( 51) cantilevered, of sufficient width to ensure the continuity of the layer of porous material (1'') at the level of the lateral joint zones (6), between bodies (1') of neighboring panels (1) abutting in the protective layer and with draining properties (14) and in that the porous material of the sidewall (8), permeable to liquids and constituting a barrier to the passage of insects of the mosquito-tiger type, is a flexible material of the grid type , mesh, non-woven, felt or geotextile, which advantageously has an average pore opening with a diameter of less than 250 µm, preferably between 80 µm and 150 µm, so as to prevent the passage of insects, in particular tiger mosquitoes, while being permeable to the passage of water.