FR3147357A3 - Installation and process for the production of liquefied hydrogen comprising - Google Patents
Installation and process for the production of liquefied hydrogen comprising Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR3147357A3 FR3147357A3 FR2303256A FR2303256A FR3147357A3 FR 3147357 A3 FR3147357 A3 FR 3147357A3 FR 2303256 A FR2303256 A FR 2303256A FR 2303256 A FR2303256 A FR 2303256A FR 3147357 A3 FR3147357 A3 FR 3147357A3
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- gas flow
- oxygen
- hydrogen
- cryogenic refrigerator
- heat exchanger
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004172 nitrogen cycle Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
- F25J1/001—Hydrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/0062—Light or noble gases, mixtures thereof
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/0062—Light or noble gases, mixtures thereof
- F25J1/0065—Helium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/0062—Light or noble gases, mixtures thereof
- F25J1/0067—Hydrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
- F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
- F25J1/0077—Argon
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0204—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow SCR cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0205—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level SCR refrigeration cascade
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0212—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow MCR cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
- F25J1/0215—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
- F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
- F25J1/0237—Heat exchange integration integrating refrigeration provided for liquefaction and purification/treatment of the gas to be liquefied, e.g. heavy hydrocarbon removal from natural gas
- F25J1/0238—Purification or treatment step is integrated within one refrigeration cycle only, i.e. the same or single refrigeration cycle provides feed gas cooling (if present) and overhead gas cooling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
- F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
- F25J2205/02—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum
- F25J2205/04—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum in the feed line, i.e. upstream of the fractionation step
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
- F25J2205/60—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using adsorption on solid adsorbents, e.g. by temperature-swing adsorption [TSA] at the hot or cold end
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
- F25J2205/86—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using electrical phenomena, e.g. Corona discharge, electrolysis or magnetic field
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
- F25J2220/02—Separating impurities in general from the feed stream
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
L’invention concerne une iinstallation et un procédé de production d’hydrogène liquéfié comprenant une source (2) de gaz, par exemple un électrolyseur, fournissant à un circuit (9) d’alimentation de l’installation un flux gaz comprenant majoritairement de l’hydrogène et une fraction d’oxygène, l’installation (1) comprenant un système de purification et de liquéfaction du flux de gaz pour produire de l’hydrogène liquéfié, dans lequel le système de purification et de liquéfaction comprend un réfrigérateur (3) cryogénique, au moins un premier échangeur (10) de chaleur assurant un échange thermique entre le circuit (9) d’alimentation et le réfrigérateur (3) cryogénique et configuré pour liquéfier au moins une partie de l’oxygène contenue dans le flux gaz et un organe (11) de séparation l’oxygène liquéfié du flux gaz Figure d’abrégé : Fig. 1The invention relates to an installation and a method for producing liquefied hydrogen comprising a gas source (2), for example an electrolyser, supplying a supply circuit (9) of the installation with a gas flow mainly comprising hydrogen and a fraction of oxygen, the installation (1) comprising a system for purifying and liquefying the gas flow to produce liquefied hydrogen, in which the purification and liquefaction system comprises a cryogenic refrigerator (3), at least one first heat exchanger (10) ensuring a heat exchange between the supply circuit (9) and the cryogenic refrigerator (3) and configured to liquefy at least part of the oxygen contained in the gas flow and a member (11) for separating the liquefied oxygen from the gas flow. Abstract figure: Fig. 1
Description
L’invention concerne une installation et un procédé de production d’hydrogène liquéfié.The invention relates to an installation and a method for producing liquefied hydrogen.
L’invention concerne plus particulièrement une installation de production d’hydrogène liquéfié comprenant une source de gaz, par exemple un électrolyseur, fournissant à un circuit d’alimentation de l’installation un flux gaz comprenant majoritairement de l’hydrogène et une fraction d’oxygène, l’installation comprenant un système de purification et de liquéfaction du flux de gaz pour produire de l’hydrogène liquéfié, dans lequel le système de purification et de liquéfaction comprend un réfrigérateur cryogénique, au moins un premier échangeur de chaleur assurant un échange thermique entre le circuit d’alimentation et le réfrigérateur cryogénique.The invention relates more particularly to a liquefied hydrogen production installation comprising a gas source, for example an electrolyser, supplying a supply circuit of the installation with a gas flow mainly comprising hydrogen and a fraction of oxygen, the installation comprising a system for purifying and liquefying the gas flow to produce liquefied hydrogen, in which the purification and liquefaction system comprises a cryogenic refrigerator, at least a first heat exchanger ensuring a heat exchange between the supply circuit and the cryogenic refrigerator.
Actuellement, en sortie d’un électrolyseur, l’oxygène produit mélangé à l’hydrogène n’est que très rarement valorisé (il est le plus souvent rejeté à l’air libre). De plus, la ligne fournissant l’hydrogène est équipée afin de satisfaire des conditions de pureté de l’hydrogène jusqu’à 99,998% (réduction de la teneur des impuretés O2, N2, H2O jusqu’au seuil du ppm).Currently, at the outlet of an electrolyser, the oxygen produced mixed with hydrogen is very rarely recovered (it is most often released into the open air). In addition, the line supplying the hydrogen is equipped to meet hydrogen purity conditions of up to 99.998% (reduction of the content of O2, N2, H2O impurities to the ppm threshold).
Entre l’électrolyseur et le liquéfacteur il est connu d’installer un organe de séchage/purification dont le rôle est de supprimer l’oxygène et l’eau résiduels dans les flux d’hydrogène en sortie de l’électrolyseur.Between the electrolyser and the liquefier, it is known to install a drying/purification device whose role is to remove residual oxygen and water in the hydrogen flows leaving the electrolyser.
La concentration d’oxygène en sortie de l’électrolyseur (en amont de cet organe de séchage/purification) est généralement de l’ordre du pourcent ou de la dizaine de pourcent. Après passage dans cet organe de séchage/purification, des constructeurs d’électrolyseurs annoncent des taux de pureté d’hydrogène de l’ordre de 99.998% avec moins de 2 ppm d’oxygène (et moins de 12 ppm d’azote). Pour séparer l’oxygène, un recombinant catalytique est généralement utilisé. Ce recombinant catalytique va forcer la réaction 2H2+O2=2H2O. Cette eau ainsi produite s’ajoute à celle déjà contenue dans le flux de gaz qui passe ensuite dans un sécheur (échangeur thermique pour faire condenser l’eau vaporisée, puis un purgeur et enfin potentiellement un étage d’adsorption à température ambiante). Sur un système d’électrolyse le coût total d’une telle ligne de traitement de l’hydrogène produit est relativement élevé et nécessite une logique de contrôle commande relativement complexe.The oxygen concentration at the outlet of the electrolyser (upstream of this drying/purification unit) is generally of the order of a percent or ten percent. After passing through this drying/purification unit, electrolyser manufacturers announce hydrogen purity rates of the order of 99.998% with less than 2 ppm of oxygen (and less than 12 ppm of nitrogen). To separate the oxygen, a catalytic recombinant is generally used. This catalytic recombinant will force the reaction 2H2+O2=2H2O. This water thus produced is added to that already contained in the gas flow which then passes through a dryer (heat exchanger to condense the vaporized water, then a purger and finally potentially an adsorption stage at room temperature). On an electrolysis system, the total cost of such a line for processing the hydrogen produced is relatively high and requires relatively complex control logic.
Le document CN210512325U prévoit de valoriser l’oxygène produit par un électrolyseur en l’envoyant vers un liquéfacteur d’oxygène dédié. Ceci augmente le coût et la complexité de l’installation.Document CN210512325U provides for the recovery of oxygen produced by an electrolyser by sending it to a dedicated oxygen liquefier. This increases the cost and complexity of the installation.
Un but de la présente invention est de pallier tout ou partie des inconvénients de l’art antérieur relevés ci-dessus.An aim of the present invention is to overcome all or part of the drawbacks of the prior art noted above.
A cette fin, l’installation selon l'invention, par ailleurs conforme à la définition générique qu’en donne le préambule ci-dessus, est essentiellement caractérisée en ce que le système de purification est configuré pour liquéfier au moins une partie de l’oxygène contenue dans le flux gaz et comprend un organe de séparation l’oxygène liquéfié du flux gaz.To this end, the installation according to the invention, moreover in accordance with the generic definition given in the preamble above, is essentially characterized in that the purification system is configured to liquefy at least part of the oxygen contained in the gas flow and comprises a member for separating the liquefied oxygen from the gas flow.
Par ailleurs, des modes de réalisation de l’invention peuvent comporter l'une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes :
- le premier échangeur de chaleur et le réfrigérateur cryogénique sont configurés pour refroidir le flux gaz à une température déterminée comprise entre la température de liquéfaction de l’oxygène et la température de liquéfaction de l’hydrogène,
- l’organe de séparation l’oxygène liquéfié du flux gaz comprend un séparateur de phase liquide dans du gaz, par exemple par gravité,
- l’installation comprend un second échangeur de chaleur assurant un échange thermique entre le circuit d’alimentation et le réfrigérateur cryogénique,
- le second échangeur de chaleur est situé en aval du séparateur de phase et configuré pour liquéfier au moins une partie de l’hydrogène du flux gaz,
- le système de purification et de liquéfaction comprend en outre un adsorbeur cryogénique configuré pour séparer au moins une partie de l’oxygène restant dans le flux de gaz en aval du séparateur de phase liquide dans du gaz,
- le réfrigérateur cryogénique est du type à circuit de cycle contenant un fluide de cycle comprenant au moins l’un parmi : de l’hélium, de l’hydrogène, de l’argon, l’azote, le circuit de cycle comportant un mécanisme de compression du fluide de cycle, au moins un organe de refroidissement du fluide de cycle, un mécanisme de détente du fluide de cycle et au moins un organe de réchauffage du fluide de cycle détendu,
- le mécanisme de compression du fluide de cycle comprend au moins un compresseur rotatif, le mécanisme de détente du fluide de cycle comprenant au moins une turbine, le réfrigérateur comprenant au moins une turbine et un compresseur montés sur un même arbre rotatif.
- the first heat exchanger and the cryogenic refrigerator are configured to cool the gas flow to a determined temperature between the oxygen liquefaction temperature and the hydrogen liquefaction temperature,
- the separation member for liquefied oxygen from the gas stream comprises a liquid phase separator in the gas, for example by gravity,
- the installation includes a second heat exchanger ensuring a heat exchange between the supply circuit and the cryogenic refrigerator,
- the second heat exchanger is located downstream of the phase separator and configured to liquefy at least a portion of the hydrogen in the gas stream,
- the purification and liquefaction system further comprises a cryogenic adsorber configured to separate at least a portion of the oxygen remaining in the gas stream downstream of the liquid-in-gas phase separator,
- the cryogenic refrigerator is of the type with a cycle circuit containing a cycle fluid comprising at least one of: helium, hydrogen, argon, nitrogen, the cycle circuit comprising a cycle fluid compression mechanism, at least one cycle fluid cooling member, a cycle fluid expansion mechanism and at least one expanded cycle fluid heating member,
- the cycle fluid compression mechanism comprises at least one rotary compressor, the cycle fluid expansion mechanism comprises at least one turbine, the refrigerator comprising at least one turbine and one compressor mounted on the same rotary shaft.
L’invention concerne également un procédé de production d’hydrogène liquéfié utilisant une installation selon l’une quelconque des caractéristiques ci-dessus ou ci-dessous, comprenant une étape de liquéfaction de l’oxygène puis de l’hydrogène d’un flux de gaz fourni par la source avec le même réfrigérateur cryogénique de l’installation.The invention also relates to a method for producing liquefied hydrogen using an installation according to any one of the characteristics above or below, comprising a step of liquefying the oxygen and then the hydrogen from a gas flow supplied by the source with the same cryogenic refrigerator of the installation.
Selon d’autres particularités possibles :
- le flux de gaz fourni par la source comprend 2 à 10% en mole d’oxygène et 85 à 98% en mole d’hydrogène et a une pression comprise entre 5 et 40bara et en ce que le premier échangeur de chaleur et le réfrigérateur cryogénique sont configuré pour refroidir ce flux de gaz à une température comprise entre 70 et 90K pour diminuer la teneur d’oxygène dans le flux de gaz à une valeur comprise entre 1 et 4%, par exemple 2%,
- le flux de gaz fourni par la source comprend 0,5 et 1,5% en mole d’oxygène et plus de 90% en mole d’hydrogène et a une pression comprise entre 50 et 40 bara et en ce que le premier échangeur de chaleur et le réfrigérateur cryogénique sont configurés pour refroidir ce flux de gaz à une température comprise entre 65 et 75K pour diminuer la teneur d’oxygène dans le flux de gaz.
- the gas stream supplied by the source comprises 2 to 10 mol% oxygen and 85 to 98 mol% hydrogen and has a pressure of between 5 and 40 bara and in that the first heat exchanger and the cryogenic refrigerator are configured to cool this gas stream to a temperature of between 70 and 90K to decrease the oxygen content in the gas stream to a value of between 1 and 4%, for example 2%,
- the gas stream provided by the source comprises 0.5 and 1.5 mol% oxygen and more than 90 mol% hydrogen and has a pressure of between 50 and 40 bara and in that the first heat exchanger and the cryogenic refrigerator are configured to cool this gas stream to a temperature of between 65 and 75K to decrease the oxygen content in the gas stream.
L’invention peut concerner également tout dispositif ou procédé alternatif comprenant toute combinaison des caractéristiques ci-dessus ou ci-dessous dans le cadre des revendications.The invention may also relate to any alternative device or method comprising any combination of the features above or below within the scope of the claims.
D’autres particularités et avantages apparaîtront à la lecture de la description ci-après, faite en référence aux figures dans lesquelles :Other features and advantages will become apparent upon reading the description below, given with reference to the figures in which:
L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en se référant aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :The invention will be better understood from reading the following description, given solely by way of example and with reference to the appended drawings in which:
Sur toutes les figures, les mêmes références se rapportent aux mêmes éléments.In all figures, the same references refer to the same elements.
Dans cette description détaillée, les réalisations suivantes sont des exemples. Bien que la description se réfère à un ou plusieurs modes de réalisation, cela ne signifie pas que les caractéristiques s’appliquent seulement à un seul mode de réalisation. De simples caractéristiques de différents modes de réalisation peuvent également être combinées et/ou interchangées pour fournir d’autres réalisations.In this detailed description, the following embodiments are examples. Although the description refers to one or more embodiments, this does not mean that the features apply only to a single embodiment. Single features of different embodiments may also be combined and/or interchanged to provide other embodiments.
L’installation 1 de production d’hydrogène liquéfié illustrée comprend une source 2 de gaz, par exemple un électrolyseur, fournissant à un circuit 9 d’alimentation de l’installation un flux gaz comprenant majoritairement de l’hydrogène et une fraction d’oxygène (par exemple entre 0,5 et 12%).The illustrated liquefied hydrogen production installation 1 comprises a gas source 2, for example an electrolyser, supplying a supply circuit 9 of the installation with a gas flow mainly comprising hydrogen and a fraction of oxygen (for example between 0.5 and 12%).
L’installation 1 comprend un système de purification et de liquéfaction du flux de gaz pour produire de l’hydrogène liquéfié. Le système de purification et de liquéfaction comprend un réfrigérateur 3 cryogénique, au moins un premier échangeur 10 de chaleur assurant un échange thermique entre le circuit 9 d’alimentation et le réfrigérateur 3 cryogénique et un organe 11 de séparation l’oxygène liquéfié du flux gaz. Le réfrigérateur 3 cryogénique et le premier échangeur 10 de chaleur sont configurés pour liquéfier au moins une partie de l’oxygène contenue dans le flux d’hydrogène gazeux.The installation 1 comprises a system for purifying and liquefying the gas flow to produce liquefied hydrogen. The purification and liquefaction system comprises a cryogenic refrigerator 3, at least a first heat exchanger 10 ensuring a heat exchange between the supply circuit 9 and the cryogenic refrigerator 3 and a member 11 for separating the liquefied oxygen from the gas flow. The cryogenic refrigerator 3 and the first heat exchanger 10 are configured to liquefy at least a portion of the oxygen contained in the gaseous hydrogen flow.
En particulier, le premier échangeur 10 de chaleur et le réfrigérateur 3 cryogénique peuvent être configurés pour refroidir le flux gaz à une température déterminée comprise entre la température de liquéfaction de l’oxygène et la température de liquéfaction de l’hydrogène.In particular, the first heat exchanger 10 and the cryogenic refrigerator 3 can be configured to cool the gas flow to a determined temperature between the oxygen liquefaction temperature and the hydrogen liquefaction temperature.
Le réfrigérateur 3 cryogénique est de préférence du type à circuit 4 de cycle contenant un fluide de cycle comprenant au moins l’un parmi : de l’hélium, de l’hydrogène, de l’argon, l’azote.The cryogenic refrigerator 3 is preferably of the type with a cycle circuit 4 containing a cycle fluid comprising at least one of: helium, hydrogen, argon, nitrogen.
Le circuit 4 de cycle soumet le fluide de cycle à un cycle thermodynamique pour l’amener à des températures froides déterminées à des extrémités du cycle. Ceci produit de la puissance froide qui peut être utilisée pour refroidir une charge, par exemple le circuit 9 d’alimentation.Cycle circuit 4 subjects the cycle fluid to a thermodynamic cycle to bring it to determined cold temperatures at ends of the cycle. This produces cold power which can be used to cool a load, for example the supply circuit 9.
Le circuit 4 de cycle du réfrigérateur comporte de préférence un mécanisme 5 de compression du fluide de cycle (un ou plusieurs compresseurs en série et/ou en parallèle), au moins un organe 6, 7 de refroidissement du fluide de cycle (par exemple un ou plusieurs échangeurs de chaleur), un mécanisme 8 de détente du fluide de cycle (une ou plusieurs vanne(s) et ou turbine(s) en série et/ou en parallèle) et au moins un organe 12, 7, 10 de réchauffage du fluide de cycle détendu (un ou plusieurs échangeurs de chaleur). Comme illustré, le refroidissement et le réchauffage du fluide de cycle peut être assuré par un ou plusieurs échangeurs de chaleur assurant un échange de chaleur entre deux flux de fluide de cycle à des températures différentes (par exemple à contre-courant).The refrigerator cycle circuit 4 preferably comprises a mechanism 5 for compressing the cycle fluid (one or more compressors in series and/or in parallel), at least one member 6, 7 for cooling the cycle fluid (for example one or more heat exchangers), a mechanism 8 for expanding the cycle fluid (one or more valve(s) and/or turbine(s) in series and/or in parallel) and at least one member 12, 7, 10 for reheating the expanded cycle fluid (one or more heat exchangers). As illustrated, the cooling and reheating of the cycle fluid can be ensured by one or more heat exchangers ensuring a heat exchange between two flows of cycle fluid at different temperatures (for example counter-current).
Comme illustré, le mécanisme de compression du fluide de cycle comprend de préférence au moins un compresseur 5 rotatif accouplé au même arbre (par exemple un arbre d’un moteur 13) qu’une turbine 8 de détente (pour transférer du travail de détente vers la compression).As illustrated, the cycle fluid compression mechanism preferably comprises at least one rotary compressor 5 coupled to the same shaft (e.g. a shaft of an engine 13) as an expansion turbine 8 (to transfer expansion work to compression).
En aval de cette liquéfaction de l’oxygène contenu dans l’hydrogène gazeux, l’organe de séparation l’oxygène liquéfié du flux gaz comprend de préférence un séparateur 11 de phase liquide dans du gaz, par exemple du type à séparation par gravité. L’oxygène liquide produit peut être valorisé (vente de molécule et/ou peut passer dans un passage dédié dans un échangeur de chaleur pour pré-refroidir le flux d'hydrogène plus aisément).Downstream of this liquefaction of the oxygen contained in the gaseous hydrogen, the member for separating the liquefied oxygen from the gas flow preferably comprises a liquid phase separator 11 in the gas, for example of the gravity separation type. The liquid oxygen produced can be recovered (sale of molecule and/or can pass through a dedicated passage in a heat exchanger to pre-cool the hydrogen flow more easily).
Comme illustré, l’installation 1 peut comprendre un second échangeur 12 de chaleur assurant un échange thermique entre le circuit 9 d’alimentation et le réfrigérateur 3 cryogénique. Ce second échangeur 12 de chaleur situé de préférence en aval du séparateur 11 de phase peut être configuré pour liquéfier au moins une partie de l’hydrogène du flux gaz.As illustrated, the installation 1 may comprise a second heat exchanger 12 ensuring a heat exchange between the supply circuit 9 and the cryogenic refrigerator 3. This second heat exchanger 12 preferably located downstream of the phase separator 11 may be configured to liquefy at least part of the hydrogen in the gas flow.
Le système de purification et de liquéfaction peut comprendre en outre un adsorbeur cryogénique configuré pour séparer au moins une partie de l’oxygène restant dans le flux de gaz en aval du séparateur 11 de phase liquide dans du gaz.The purification and liquefaction system may further include a cryogenic adsorber configured to separate at least a portion of the oxygen remaining in the gas stream downstream of the liquid-in-gas phase separator 11.
Ainsi, l’installation 1 prévoit au moins un échangeur 10 de chaleur dans lequel le mélange d’hydrogène et oxygène provenant d’un électrolyseur est refroidi pour faire tomber la température de ce mélange entre la température de liquéfaction de l’oxygène (-196°C) et celle de l’hydrogène (-252°C). Ceci permet d’avoir un mélange liquide/gaz. De ce mélange il est ensuite possible d’extraire la partie liquide (par gravité par exemple) contenant 100% d’oxygène en vue de le stocker, avant de le valoriser par exemple.Thus, the installation 1 provides at least one heat exchanger 10 in which the mixture of hydrogen and oxygen from an electrolyser is cooled to drop the temperature of this mixture between the liquefaction temperature of oxygen (-196°C) and that of hydrogen (-252°C). This makes it possible to have a liquid/gas mixture. From this mixture it is then possible to extract the liquid part (by gravity for example) containing 100% oxygen in order to store it, before recovering it for example.
Bien entendu, l’exemple illustré est schématique et non limitatif. En pratique, le circuit 4 de cycle comprend plusieurs étages de détente du gaz. De plus, plusieurs portions peuvent être utilisées pour piéger du gaz liquéfié.Of course, the example illustrated is schematic and not limiting. In practice, the cycle circuit 4 comprises several gas expansion stages. In addition, several portions can be used to trap liquefied gas.
Une telle installation peut accepter des flux de gaz avec des teneurs en impuretés de l’ordre par exemple de 0.1% pour l’eau et 1% pour l’oxygène.Such an installation can accept gas flows with impurity contents of the order of, for example, 0.1% for water and 1% for oxygen.
Dans une première configuration la teneur d’oxygène dans le circuit 9 d’alimentation pourrait être par exemple de 10% dans un flux majoritaire d’hydrogène à une pression de 30 bara (sortie de l’électrolyseur). En faisant passer ce flux au travers de la boucle de refroidissement décrite ci-dessus (à 80K par exemple), il est possible de liquéfier une grande partie de l’oxygène et diminuer ainsi sa teneur autour de 2% environ dans le flux d’hydrogène (1% d'hydrogène pourrait être perdu dans le flux d’oxygène).In a first configuration, the oxygen content in the supply circuit 9 could be, for example, 10% in a majority flow of hydrogen at a pressure of 30 bara (electrolyser outlet). By passing this flow through the cooling loop described above (at 80K for example), it is possible to liquefy a large part of the oxygen and thus reduce its content to around 2% in the hydrogen flow (1% of hydrogen could be lost in the oxygen flow).
Il peut être avantageux de piéger cette teneur d’oxygène dans un adsorbeur cryogénique relativement classique à 80K typiquement (en utilisant par exemple une source froide telle que de l’azote liquide en boucle fermée).It may be advantageous to trap this oxygen content in a relatively conventional cryogenic adsorber at typically 80K (e.g. using a cold source such as liquid nitrogen in a closed loop).
Dans une autre configuration possible la teneur en oxygène du gaz de départ peut être de 1% (flux à 30 bara en sortie de l’électrolyseur). Dans ce cas, le refroidissement est de préférence à une température de 70K environ pour pouvoir liquéfier l’oxygène. Ceci n’est pas adapté avec un cycle d’azote pur. Mais ceci pourrait être réalisé par le réfrigérateur et notamment une boucle de pré-refroidissement du réfrigérateur (mélange hélium et néon par exemple).In another possible configuration, the oxygen content of the starting gas can be 1% (flow at 30 bara at the outlet of the electrolyser). In this case, the cooling is preferably at a temperature of around 70K to be able to liquefy the oxygen. This is not suitable with a pure nitrogen cycle. But this could be achieved by the refrigerator and in particular a pre-cooling loop of the refrigerator (helium and neon mixture for example).
La solution utilise un même liquéfacteur hydrogène pour liquéfier également l’oxygène présent dans le mélange. Ceci permet de liquéfier l’oxygène avec un faible coût énergétique et de le valoriser une fois liquéfié. La solution prévoit une diminution du nombre de composants et du coût pour le traitement de l’hydrogène entre l’électrolyseur et le liquéfacteur par rapport à l’art antérieur.The solution uses the same hydrogen liquefier to also liquefy the oxygen present in the mixture. This makes it possible to liquefy the oxygen with a low energy cost and to recover it once liquefied. The solution provides for a reduction in the number of components and the cost for the treatment of hydrogen between the electrolyser and the liquefier compared to the prior art.
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