FR3025698A1 - NEW USES OF CARBONIC ESTERS OF GLYCEROL IN AGRICULTURE - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for treating plants in which at least one glycerol carbonic ester, comprising at least one ester function formed between a group derived from carbonic acid and at least one ester function, is applied to aerial parts, especially to the leaves of said plants. at least one group derived from glycerol, characterized in that at least one phytopharmaceutical substance chosen from the group consisting of fungicidal substances, fungistatic substances, bactericidal substances, bacteriostatic substances, insecticidal substances, acaricidal substances, herbicidal substances, parasiticidal substances, nematicide and rodenticidal substances, taupicidal substances, corrosive substances, corticidal substances, molluscicidal substances, repellent substances for birds and game, said plant protection substance being distinct from each carboniferous ester; than glycerol.

Description

The present invention relates to novel uses of glycerol carbons. In particular, the invention relates to uses of glycerol carboxy esters as an adjuvant and / or a vector for the delivery of a phytopharmaceutical substance for application to a crop of plants. JP 2006/182684 discloses a composition comprising five-membered cyclic glycerol carbonate and its use in application to young tomato plants. Application of this composition to young tomato plants is limited in its effects in stimulating the growth of tomato seedlings. This composition is free from any phytopharmaceutical substance and does not actually describe the application of such a plant protection substance to a crop of plants. It does not, in particular, make it possible to eliminate weeds, bacteria and / or fungi that are harmful for the development and / or growth of plants in culture. Many adjuvants are also known for improving the efficiency of plant protection preparations. Such adjuvants include, for example, organo-silicone compounds. Such organo-silicone compounds are compounds which are harmful, irritating and dangerous for the environment. In particular, such compounds are harmful by inhalation to humans or irritating to the eyes. Such compounds are used in application on crops and are likely to be driven by runoff to streams. Such compounds are also toxic to the aquatic organisms of the watercourses and can lead to long-term adverse effects on the aquatic environment. The invention aims generally to provide a method and an adjuvant does not have these disadvantages. The invention also relates to a process and an adjuvant essentially comprising compounds obtained from renewable plant resources. In particular, the invention relates to a process and an adjuvant obtained by upgrading the glycerol produced during the hydrolysis of vegetable oils. The invention therefore relates to an adjuvant that is "bio-based". The invention also aims to propose a novel process and new adjuvants capable of allowing a reduction in the doses of plant protection substances to be applied to plants in culture while maintaining their effectiveness. The invention also aims to provide such a method and such adjuvants that can be applied to plants with a dose of adjuvants less than the registered doses of known adjuvants and with at least one treatment efficacy. To this end, the invention relates to a method for treating plants in which at least one glycerol carbonic ester comprising at least one ester function formed between a group derived from the carbonic acid and at least one group derived from glycerol, characterized in that at least one phytopharmaceutical substance chosen from the group consisting of fungicidal substances, fungistatic substances, bactericidal substances, bacteriostatic substances and insecticidal substances is also applied. , acaricidal substances, herbicidal substances, parasiticidal substances, nematicidal and rodenticidal substances, taupicidal substances, substances for the prevention of corvicide, corticidal substances, molluscicidal substances, repellent substances for birds and game, said plant protection substance being distinct from e each carboxy ester of glycerol. Throughout the text: - the term "plant protection substance" means substances or compositions of substances intended to: 1. protect plants against harmful organisms for said plants, in particular to prevent the action of harmful organisms for said plants; and / or; 2. destroy unwanted plants (weeds) or slow down their growth; 3025698 3 - denotes "aerial parts of plants", the assembly formed aerial stems, leaves, flowers and fruits of plants and comprising a protective cuticle; the term "glycerol derivative group" denotes any group of the following formula: in which at least one hydrogen atom of the hydroxyl groups of the glycerol is substituted with an organic group that is distinct from hydrogen, and with; the term "carbonic acid-derived" group denotes any group of the following formula: ## STR2 ## in which each hydrogen atom of the carbonic acid is replaced by an organic group that is distinct from the hydrogen; the terms "bactericidal" and "fungicidal" describe a substance capable of killing prokaryotic microorganisms and fungi respectively, and the terms "bacteriostatic" and "fungistatic" describe a substance capable of slowing down the growth respectively of prokaryotic microorganisms and fungi by interfering with, for example, the synthesis of proteins, with the replication of DNA or with the metabolism cellular. The plant treatment method aims to improve the growth and / or preservation of said plants. It may be a method of treating aerial parts and / or subterranean parts and / or plant seeds. It can also be a method of treating plants stored in a storage room. The invention relates to a method of treating plants in which at least one glycerol carbonic ester and at least one phytopharmaceutical substance are applied to aerial parts of said plants, to the exclusion of substances stimulating photosynthesis, stimulating substances. germination of seeds and nutrients and fertilization. The invention relates to novel uses of glycerol carboxy esters, in particular of acylated glycerol carboxy esters, as adjuvants in a plant-plant protection treatment composition. Advantageously and according to the invention, at least one glycerol carbonic ester is a five-membered cyclic glycerol carbonate of formula (I) below: ## STR3 ## Advantageously and according to the invention, at least one glycerol carbonic ester may be a configuration stereoisomer of the five-membered cyclic glycerol carbonate of formula (I). Advantageously and according to the invention, at least one glycerol carbonic ester is a six-membered cyclic glycerol carbonate of the following formula (II): ## STR2 ## Advantageously and according to the invention, at least one glycerol carbonic ester may be chosen from the group consisting of linear carbonyl esters of glycerol and cyclic carbonic esters of glycerol. Advantageously and according to the invention, at least one glycerol carbonic ester is chosen from the group consisting of linear glycerol carbonic esters having at least one group of atoms of general formula (III) below: ## STR2 ## Gcr O- (III) wherein: II 0 - Go is selected from the group consisting of: 3025698 - propyl α / α'-oxyacyl groups of the following general formula (IV): 0 CHFL-H2C 0-j-R1 (IV ); 13-oxyacyl propyl groups of the following general formula (V): ## STR2 ## an α-hydroxylated propyl group of the following formula (VI): H 2 C-OH - CHF 1-1 (VI); the 13-hydroxylated propyl group of formula (VII) below: OH-CHTCH-CH (VII); in which R1 and R2 are organic groups consisting of elements selected from the group consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O).

Advantageously and according to the invention, at least one glycerol carbonic ester is a cyclic carbonic acid ester of α / α'-acylated glycerol of the following general formula (VIII): ## STR2 ## ,, .....'- R1 CH C 2 il O (VIII); Wherein R1 is an organic group consisting of elements selected from the group consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O). Advantageously and according to the invention, at least one glycerol carbonic ester is a 13-acylated cyclic glycerol carbonic ester of the following general formula (IX): ## STR2 ## wherein R 2 is an organic group consisting of elements chosen from the group consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O), a carbonic ester of glycerol may therefore be a cyclic carbonic ester of glycerol with six At least one glycerol carbonic ester is selected from the group consisting of linear glycerol carbonic esters having at least one group of atoms of the following general formula (X): MO-II-O-GO-Q (X) wherein: G 1 is selected from the group consisting of: propyl α / α'-oxyacyl groups of general formula (IV); 13-oxyacyl propyl groups of general formula (V); an α-hydroxylated propyl group of formula (VI), the 13-hydroxylated propyl group of formula (VII); Q 1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen (H) and organic groups of at least two atoms linked by covalent bonds, said atoms belonging to the carbon group (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O), and; M1 represents an organic group formed by at least two atoms linked by covalent bonds, said atoms belonging to the group formed by carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O). Advantageously and according to the invention, at least one glycerol carbonic ester may be chosen from the group consisting of linear carbonyl esters of glycerol having at least one group of atoms of formula (X). Advantageously and according to the invention, a glycerol carbonic ester is chosen from the group consisting of acylated linear acylated glycerol esters-in particular linear glycerol-carbon linear oligomers of the following general formula (XI): M2 OC 0 + G2 0 Q2 OX n (XI) in which; x is an integer equal to 0 or 1 which can vary in the formula (XI) according to each group of formula (XI-a): [(C 01 G 2 o] (XI-a); 1 1 0 15 x n ' not being always zero; n is an integer between 1 and 20, in particular between 1 and 10, inclusive; Q 2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen (H) and organic groups formed from at least two atoms linked by covalent bonds, said atoms belonging to the group consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O), and M2 represents an organic group consisting of at least two atoms linked by covalent bonds, said atoms belonging to the group consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O), and; G2 represents a group of atoms selected from the group formed: propyl α / α'-oxyacyl groups of general formula (VI), and 13-oxyacyl propyl groups of general formula (VII). According to the invention, a glycerol carbonic ester can thus be selected from the group consisting of linear acyl glycerol carboxylic esters, especially linear glycerol carbonyl oligomers of general formula (XI). Advantageously and according to the invention, at least one glycerol carbonic ester of general formula (III), (X) or (XI) has a molar mass greater than 400 g / mol. The molar mass of the glycerol carbonic ester is the mass of one mole of glycerol carbonic ester. It is expressed in grams per mole (g.mo1-1 or g / mol). In order to determine the molar mass of the glycerol carbonic ester, it is appropriate to add the molar masses of the elements constituting this carbonic ester, each element being assigned the coefficient of the element in the crude formula of the compound and, each molar mass of an element being of numerical value equal to the atomic mass of said element. Advantageously and alternatively according to the invention, the groups R 1 and R 2 are aliphatic hydrocarbon groups comprising from 1 to 25 carbon atoms. Advantageously, R1 and R2 are chosen independently of one another. R1 and R2 may be the same or different. In particular, the groups R 1 and R 2 can be chosen from the group consisting of methyl (-CH 3), ethyl (-CH 2 -CH 3), n-propyl (-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3), iso -propyl (-CH (CH3) 2), n-butyl (-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3), iso-butyl (-CH2-CH (CH3) 2), tert-butyl (-C (CH3) 3), n-pentyl (- (CH2) 4-CH3), n-hexyl (- (CH2) 5-CH3), n-heptyl (- (CH2) 6-CH3), n-octyl (- (CH2) 7-CH3), n-nonyl (- (CH2) 8-CH3), n-decyl (- (CH2) 9 -CH3), n-undecyl (- (CH2) 10-CH3), n-dodecyl (- (CH2) 11-CH3), n-tridecyl (- (CH2) 12-CH3), n-tetradecyl (- (CH2) 13 -CH3), n- pentadecyl (- (CH2) 14-CH3), n-hexadecyl (- (CH2) 15-CH3), n-heptadecyl (- (CH2) 16-CH3), n-octadecyl (- (CH2) 17- CH3), n-nonadecyl (- (CH2) 18-CH3), n-dodecadecyl (- (CH2) 19-CH3).

Advantageously and according to the invention, R 1 and R 2 are chosen from the group consisting of aliphatic hydrocarbon groups (branched or unbranched) having a main chain formed of a set of carbon atoms linearly linked to one another, the one of the ends of said main chain 5 being bonded to the carbonyl carbon atom (CO) of the acyl group (R1-00- or R2-CO-), said set of carbon atoms being the set of larger cardinal of even value. An acyl group (R1-00- or R2-CO-) is therefore a group having an odd numbered main chain of carbon atoms. R1 and R2 may also be selected from the group consisting of unsaturated alkyls. Advantageously, R 1 and R 2 may also be chosen from the group consisting of a 9-ene-decyl group (- (CH 2) 8 -CH = CH 2) and a 9-ene-heptadecyl group (- (CH 2) 7 CH = CH- (CH2) 7-CH3). Advantageously, R 1 and R 2 are chosen from the group consisting of n-hexyl (- (CH 2) 5 -CH 3), n-octyl (- (CH 2) 7 -CH 3), n-decyl (- (CH 2) 9 CH3) and 9-ene-decyl (- (CH2) 8-CH = CH2). Advantageously, R 1 and R 2 can be chosen from the group consisting of aliphatic groups (branched or unbranched) having at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyls, halogens-in particular a bromine atom, a fluorine, an iodine atom and amines - especially a primary amine, a secondary amine, a tertiary amine and an ionizable tertiary amine - Such glycerol carbon esters, especially such cyclic α-acylated or 13-acylated glycerol carbocyclic esters are multifunctional compounds in that they are both solvent compounds for plant protection substances, adjuvant compounds - in particular vectorization adjuvants - phytopharmaceutical substances , and agents for stabilizing the plant protection composition. The invention therefore relates to a plant treatment method comprising the application in contact with said plants: at least one glycerol carbonic ester-in particular at least one glycerol carbonic ester according to at least one of the formulas ( I), (II), (III), (VIII), (IX), (X) or (XI) -, and - of at least one phytopharmaceutical substance selected from the group consisting of fungicidal substances, fungistatic substances bactericidal substances, bacteriostatic substances, insecticidal substances, acaricidal substances, herbicidal substances, parasiticidal substances, nematicidal and rodenticidal substances, taupicidal substances, corrosive substances, corticidal substances, molluscicidal substances, repellents of birds and game. In a process according to the invention, it is possible to simultaneously apply at least one glycerol carbonic ester and at least one such phytopharmaceutical substance in contact with plants. In such a process, it is possible to apply in contact with plants simultaneously a composition comprising at least one glycerol carbonic ester and a composition comprising at least one such phytopharmaceutical substance. In a preferred embodiment, a treatment composition comprising at least one glycerol carbonic ester and at least one such phytopharmaceutical substance is applied in contact with plants.

In a process according to the invention, it is also possible to separately apply at least one glycerol carbonic ester and at least one such phytopharmaceutical substance in contact with plants. In such a process, it is possible to apply, in contact with plants, a composition comprising at least one glycerol carbonic ester and then a composition comprising at least one such phytopharmaceutical substance or else to be applied in contact with vegetable plants. first a composition comprising at least one such phytopharmaceutical substance and then a composition comprising at least one glycerol carbonic ester. In one embodiment of a plant treatment method according to the invention, a plant protection composition comprising at least one glycerol carbonic ester is applied to plants, at least one phytopharmaceutical substance and optionally a phyto-acceptable excipient. that is to say compatible with its application on plants and acceptable by them. Advantageously, the phyto-acceptable excipient is distinct from the glycerol carbonic ester and the phytopharmaceutical product.

However, in another embodiment of a process according to the invention, it is possible to separately apply at least one glycerol carbonic ester-in particular at least one glycerol carbonic ester according to at least one of the formulas (I). ), (II), (III), (VIII), (IX), (X) or (XI) - and at least one phytopharmaceutical substance. In this other embodiment of a process according to the invention, at least one glycerol carbonic ester or a composition comprising at least one glycerol carbonic ester is first applied, and then at least one phytopharmaceutical substance is subsequently applied. . It is also possible to apply at least one phytopharmaceutical substance first, and then at least one glycerol carbonic ester is then applied.

Advantageously and according to the invention, at least one glycerol carbonic ester, in particular at least one glycerol carbonic ester, is applied according to at least one of formulas (I), (II), (III), (VIII), (IX), (X) or (XI) -and at least one phytopharmaceutical substance in contact with the aerial parts of plants at any stage of development or growth.

Plants may be treated at the seedling stage, i.e. on a young plant with only a limited number of leaves, or on juvenile plants-especially on plants at a pre-flowering stage. , or on plants in the course of flowering (before, during or after pollination), or on plants after fertilization, or on plants in the course of fruiting.

In particular, flowers and / or fruits and / or leaves and / or stems of plants are treated in culture. It is possible to treat plants grown in the open field or plants grown under greenhouse or plants grown above ground. Advantageously and according to the invention, said plants are chosen from the group consisting of market garden plants, plants of industrial culture-that is to say on a crop intended for the production of a raw material 3025698 12 its industrial processing (for example, a textile fiber production crop such as flax, hemp or cotton), field crops-for example, cereals, oilseeds, protein crops or tobacco- , trees, ornamental shrubs and food crop plants. Advantageously and according to the invention, said plants are chosen from the group consisting of cereals and cereal products (for example wheat, rapeseed, barley, maize, rye, oats, millet, sorghum, buckwheat, buckwheat, quinoa anserine, fonio, triticale, alpiste, and mixtures thereof).

Advantageously and according to the invention, said plants are chosen from the group consisting of root and tuber crops such as potatoes, sweet potatoes, cassava, rutabagas, turnips, caribbean cabbage, taro, and yams. Advantageously and according to the invention, said plants are chosen from the group consisting of sacchariferous plants, such as, for example, sugar cane, sugar beet, sugar maple, sugar sorghum and sugar palm. Advantageously and according to the invention, said plants are chosen from the group consisting of leguminous plants such as, for example, beans, beans, peas, chick peas, cow peas, pigeon peas, lentils, lentils and peas. bombara peas, vetches and lupins. Advantageously and according to the invention, said plants are chosen from the group consisting of nuts such as for example walnuts, Brazil nuts, mahogany nuts, canary nuts, chestnuts, almonds, walnuts pistachios, kola nuts, hazelnuts, areca nuts and pine nuts. Advantageously and according to the invention, said plants are chosen from the group formed by oleiferous plants such as, for example, soya, coconut, olives, shea nuts, castor oil, sunflower seeds, rapeseed, abrasin, jojoba seeds, safflower, sesame, mustard, flax, melon seeds, eggplant seeds, kapok fruit, cottonseed, flaxseed and hemp seeds.

Advantageously and according to the invention, said plants are chosen from the group consisting of vegetables, such as, for example, cabbages, artichokes, asparagus, lettuce, chicory, chicory, escarole, celery, lamb's lettuce, endives, faba beans, spinach, aubergines, chards, cassava leaves, tomatoes, cauliflowers, squash, pumpkins, pumpkins, pickles, cucumbers, aubergines, peppers, radishes , garlic, peppers, onions, shallots, fresh pitch, leeks, beans, fresh beans, carrots, okra, fresh corn, mushrooms, watermelons, melons, hops and the cantaloupe.

Advantageously and according to the invention, said plants are chosen from the group consisting of fruits such as bananas, plantains, citrus fruit (oranges, lemons, limes, tangerines, mandarins, clementines, satsumas, grapefruit, pomelos, etc.). ), stone fruits (apricots, cherries, peaches, nectarines, plums, sour cherries), pome fruits (apples, pears, quince), strawberries, raspberries, currants , blackcurrants, blueberries, berries, grapes, figs, persimmons, kiwis, mangos, avocados, pineapples, dates, mahogany apples, papayas, lychees and fruits of the passion. Advantageously and according to the invention, said plants are selected from the group consisting of fibrous plants. Advantageously and according to the invention, said plants are chosen from the group consisting of aromatic plants and spice plants, for example parsley, garlic, chives, pepper, chilli, vanilla, cinnamon, cloves. ginger, nutmeg, mace, cardamom, anise, star anise and fennel. Advantageously and according to the invention, said plants are chosen from the group formed by floral culture plants, for example chrysanthemums, hydrangeas, carnations, rosebushes and tulips. Advantageously and according to the invention, said plants are selected from the group consisting of oleaginous plants and / or protein crops (rapeseed, sunflower, flax, soy), forage plants (alfalfa, maize 3025698 14, beet, cabbage, sorghum, ryegrass, clover), grapevine, vegetable crops, flowering plants, hydroponic plants, tropical crops, tropical fruit trees (eg banana plants, pineapple, avocado, mango, papaya, cashew, etc.), stimulating plants (coffee, cocoa, tea, mate), tropical oil plants (eg, oil palms, coconut palms, peanuts) ) and cotton plants. Advantageously, at least one phytopharmaceutical substance is selected from the group consisting of fungicidal substances, fungistatic substances, bactericidal substances, bacteriostatic substances, insecticidal substances, acaricidal substances, herbicidal substances, parasiticidal substances, nematicidal substances and rodenticidal substances, taupicidal substances, corvus substances, corvicidal substances, molluscicidal substances, repellents of birds and game. Advantageously and according to the invention, at least one phytopharmaceutical substance is chosen from the group formed by herbicides. Advantageously and according to the invention, at least one phytopharmaceutical substance is chosen from the group formed: - mineral herbicides - in particular calcium cyanide (Ca (CN) 2), iron sulphate (FeSO4), sodium chlorate (NaCtO3) -; organic herbicides, especially: herbicides of the acetamide family such as, for example, diphenamide, napropamide, naproanilide, acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, dimethachlor, dimethenamide, dimethenamide, and the like; P, fentrazamide, metazachlor, metolachlor (R and S isomers), pethoxamide, pretilachlor, propachlor, propisochlor, S-metolachlor, thenylchlor, flufenacet and mefenacet and their optical isomers. herbicides of the family of dinitroanilines (toluidines), for example benfluralin, butralin, fluchloraline, nitraline, orysaline, pendimethalin and trifluralin; Pre-emergent and / or post-emergent herbicides of the substituted urea family, for example chlortoluron, chloroxuron, cycluron, diuron, ethidimuron, fenuron, isoproturon, linuron, monolinuron, methabenzthiazuron, metobromuron, metoxuron, monuron, thiazafluron, tebuthiuron, thiazafluron, siduron and neburon; triazine herbicides, for example atrazine, cyanazine, methoprotrin, propazine, terbuthylazine, simazine, simetryne, secbumeton, terbumeton, amtreinne, desmétryne, prometryne, and terbutryne; Herbicides of the imidazolinone family, for example imazamethabenz and imazapyr; sulfonylurea herbicides, for example amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, nicosulfuron and chlorsulfuron; Diphenyl ether herbicides, for example acifluorfen-sodium, aclonifen, bifenox, bromofenoxime, chlomethoxyfene, diclofop-methyl, fluorodifene, fomesafen, lactofen, nitrofen and oxyfluorfen; synthetic phytohormone herbicides, for example, synthetic auxins such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4), 5-T), 2,4-MCPA, triclopyr, diclofop-methyl and derivatives of propionic and butyric acids, for example 2,4-DP (or dichlorprop), MCPP (or mecoprop), 2 , 3,6-TBA, dicamba, picloram, clopyralid and flurenol; herbicides of the photosystem II inhibitor family, photosystemic I inhibitors, acetolactate synthase inhibitors (ALS), inhibitors of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), acetyl coenzyme A inhibitors carboxylase (ACCase), cell division inhibitors, phytoene desaturase inhibitors (PDS), lipid metabolism inhibitors and protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitors (PPGO), such as atrazine, methyl-halosulfuron, terbuthylazine, dicamba, fluthiacet-methyl, pyridate, butafenacil, NOA402989, terbutryn, simazine, prosulfuron, primisulfuron, imazapyr, sethoxydim, flufenacet, cloransulam, diclosulam, metribuzin, isopropazol, isoxaflutole, iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium, isoxachlortole, sulfentrazone, mesotrione, flurtamone, sulcotrione, azafenidin, metosulam, flumetsulam, florasulam, hangs it imethalin, trifluralin, MON4660, 8- (2,6-diethyl-4-methylphenyl) -tetrahydropyrazolo [1,2-d] [1,4,5] oxadiazepine-7,9dione, 4-hydroxy-3 [2- (2-methoxyethoxymethyl) -6-trifluoromethylpyridine-3-carbonyl] bicyclo [3.2]. 1] oct-3-en-2-one, flumiclorac-pentyl, bentazone, AC304415, bromoxynil, BAS145138, nicosulfuron, cyanazine, rimsulfuron, imazaquin, amitrole, thifensulfuron , thifensulfuron-methyl, bilanafos, metobenzuron, diuron, MCPA, MCPB, MCPP, 2,4-D, diflufenzopyr, clopyralid, clopyralid-olamine, fluroxypyr, quinmerac, dimethametryn, esrocarb, pyrazosul, furon-ethyl, benzofenap, clomazone, carfentrazone-ethyl, butylate, EPTC, aclonifen, fomesafen, flumioxazin, paraquat, glyphosate, glufosinate, S Glufosinate, sulfosate, imazamox, imazethapyr and their agriculturally acceptable salts and esters. Herbicides of the family of lipid metabolism inhibitors such as chlorazifop, clodin, afop, clofop, cyhalofop, diclofop, fenoxaprop, fenoxaprop-p, fenthiaprop, fluazifop, fluazifop-P , Haloxyfop, haloxyfop-P, isoxapyrifop, metamifop, propaquizafop, quizalofop, quizalofop-P, trifop, alloxydim, butroxydim, clethodim, cloproxydim, cycloxydim, profoxydim, sethoxydim, tepraloxydim, tralkoxydim, butylate, cycloate, diallate, dimepiperate, EPTC, esprocarb, ethiolate, isopolinate, methiobencarb, molinate, orbencarb, Pebulate, prosulfocarb, sulfallate, thiobencarb, tiocarbazil, triallate, vernolate, benfuresate, ethofumesate, bensulide; herbicides of the family of acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors such as amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron, chlorimuron, chlorsulfuron, cinosulfuron, cyclosulfamuron, ethametsulfuron, ethoxysulfuron, flazasul, furon, flupyrsulfuron, foramsulfuron, halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, iodosulfuron, mesosulfuron, metsulfuron, nicosulfuron, oxasulfuron, primisulfuron, prosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron, rimsulfuron , sulfometuron, sulfosulfuron, thifensulfuron, triasulfuron, tribenuron, trifloxysulfuron, triflusulfuron, tritosulfuron, imazamethabenz, imazamox, imazapic, imazap yr, imazaquin, imazethap yr Cloransulam, diclosulam, florasulam, flumetsulam, metosulam, penoxsulam, bispyribac, pyriminobac, propoxycarbazone, flucarbazone, pyribenzoxim, pyriftalid, tritosulfuron and pyrithiobac; herbicides of the family of photosynthetic inhibitors such as atraton, atrazine, ametryne, aziprotryne, cyanazine, cyanatryn, chlorazine, cyprazine, desmetryne, dimethametryne, dipropetryn , eglinazine, ipazine, mesoprazine, methometon, methoprotrin, procyazine, proglinazine, prometon, prometryne, propazine, sebuthylazine, secbumeton, simazine, simeton, simetryne, terbumeton terbuthylazine, terbutryne, trietazine, ametridione, amibuzin, hexazinone, isomethiozin, metamitron, metribuzin, bromacil, isocil, lenacil, terbacil, brompyrazon, chloridazon, dimidazon, desmedipham, phenisopham, phenmedipham, ethylphenmedipham, benzthiazuron, buthiuron, ethidimuron, isouron, methabenzthiazuron, monoisouron, tebuthiuron, thiazafluoron, anisuron, buturon, chlorbromuron, chloreturon, chlorotoluron, chloroxur on, difenoxuron, dimefuron, diuron, fenuron, fluometuron, fluothiuron, isoproturon, linuron, methiuron, metobenzuron, metobromuron, metoxuron, monolinuron, monuron, neburon, parafluoron phenobenzuron, siduron, tetrafluoron, thidiazuron, cyperquat, diethamquat, difenzoquat, diquat, morfamquat, paraquat, bromobonil, bromoxynil, chloroxynil, iodobonil, ioxynil, amicarbazone, bromofenoxim, flumezin, methazole, bentazone, propanil, pentanochlor, pyridate, pyridafol; herbicides of the family of protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase inhibitors such as acifluorfen, bifenox, chlomethoxyfen, chlomitrofen, ethoxyfen, fluorodifen, fluoroglycofen, fluoronitrofen, fomesafen, furyloxyfen, halosafen, lactofen, nitrofen, 3025698 18 nitrofluorfen, oxyfluorfen, fluazolate, pyraflufen, cinidon-ethyl, flumiclorac, flumioxazin, flumipropyn, fluthiacet, thidiazimin, oxadiazon, oxadiargyl azafenidin, carfentrazone, sulfentrazone, pentoxazone, benzfendizone, butafenacil, pyraclonil, profluazol, flufenpyr, flupropacil, nipyraclofen, etnipromid; herbicides of the family of nitro dyes, for example DNBP (or dinoseb), DNOC (or dinitro-ortho-cresol), dinoterb and PCP (or pentachlorophenol); carbamate herbicides, especially carbamic acid derivatives, for example asulam, barbam, chlorbufam, chlorpropham, propham and carbetamide; o derivatives of thiocarbamic acid, for example butilate, cycloate, diallate, triallate, EPTC, molinate, prosulfocarb, vernolate, pedulate and thiobencarb; Derivatives of dithiocarbamic acid, for example metam sodium and nabam; o biscarbamates, for example desmedipham, phenmedipham and karbutylate; herbicides of the quaternary ammonium (or bipyridyl) family, for example diquat, paraquat and difenzoquat; Chloroplast acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitor herbicides, for example alloxydim sodium and clodinafoppropargyl; bleaching herbicides such as metflurazon, norflurazon, flufenican, diflufenican, picolinafen, beflubutamid, fluridone, fluorochloridone, flurtamone, mesotrione, sulcotrione, isoxachlortole, isoxaflutole, benzofenap, pyrazolynate, pyrazoxyfen, benzobicyclon, amitrole, clomazone, aclonifen, 4- (3-trifluoromethylphenoxy) -2- (4-trifluoromethylphenyl) pyrimidine; Herbicides of the family of 5- enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase inhibitors and systemic leaf herbicides such as glyphosate; herbicides of the family of glutamine synthase inhibitors such as glufosinate and balanceaphos; herbicides of the family of dihydropteroate inhibitors (DHP) synthase such as asulam; herbicides of the family of mitosis inhibitors such as benfluralin, butralin, dinitramine, ethalfluralin, fluchloralin, isopropalin, methalpropalin, nitralin, oryzalin, pendimethalin, prodiamine, profluralin, trifluralin, amiprofos-methyl, butamifos, dithiopyr, thiazopyr, propyzamide, tebutam, chlorthal, carbetamide, chlorbufam, chlorpropham, propham; herbicides of the family of VLCFA synthase inhibitors such as acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, butenachlor, delachlor, diethatyl, dimethachlor, dimethenamid, dimethenamid-P, metazachlor, metolachlor, S-metolachlor, pretilachlor, propachlor, propisochlor, prynachlor, terbuchlor, thenylchlor, xylachlor, allidochlor, CDEA, epronaz, diphenamid, napropamide, naproanilide, pethoxamid flufenacet, mefenacet, fentrazamide, anilofos, piperophos, cafenstrole, indanofan, tridiphane; herbicides of the family of cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors such as dichlobenil, chlorthiamid, isoxaben, flupoxam; herbicides from the decoupling family such as dinofenate, dinoprop, dinosam, dinoseb, dinoterb, DNOC, etinofen, medinoterb; auxinicidal herbicides such as clomeprop, 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, MCPA, thioethyl MCPA, dichlorprop, dichlorprop-P, mecoprop, mecoprop-P, 2 , 4-DB, MCPB, chloramben, dicamba, 2,3,6-TBA, tricamba, quinclorac, quinmerac, clopyralid, fluoroxypyr, picloram, triclopyr, benaZolin, naptalam , ZOPYF diflufen, benzoylprop, flamprop, flamprop-M, bromobutide, chlorflurenol, cinmethylin, methyldymron, etobenzanid, fosamine, metam, pyributicarb, oxaziclomefone, dazomet, triaziflam, methyl bromide. Advantageously and according to the invention, at least one phytopharmaceutical substance is selected from the group consisting of bromoxynil, nicosulfuron, tembotrione and tritosulfuron. Advantageously and according to the invention, at least one phytopharmaceutical substance is chosen from the group formed by post-emergence herbicides.

Advantageously and according to the invention, at least one phytopharmaceutical substance is chosen from the group consisting of fungicides. Advantageously and according to the invention, at least one phytopharmaceutical substance is chosen from the group formed: metal-based contact fungicides, especially: a mineral salt of copper or an organic salt of copper for example cubiet (copper bis (ethoxy-dihydroxy-diethylamino) sulphate), fosetyl-Al; potassium phosphite; sodium tetrathiocarbonate (STTC); Sulfur contact fungicides; contact fungicides of the carbamate family, for example, prothiocarb, zineb, maneb, mancozeb, propineb, benthiavalicarbisopropyl, carbendazim, diethofencarb, iprovalicarb, thiophanate-methyl, thiram, ziram, ferbam, metiram, metam, diethofencarb, flubenthiavalicarb, propamocarb, methyl 3- (4-chlorophenyl) -3- (2-isopropoxycarbonylamino-3-methylbutyrylamino) propionate, 4-fluorophenyl N ( 1- (1- (4-cyanophenyl) ethanesulfonyl) but-2-yl) carbamate and carbatene; systemic fungicides derived from carbaric acid and benzimidazoles, for example benomyl, carbendazim, fuberidazole, thiabendazole, propamocarb and diethofencarb; And steroid synthesis inhibiting fungicides (IBS) and the imidazole family, for example fenapanil, imazalil, prochloraz, cyazofamid, fuberidazole, pefurazoate, thiabendazole, fenamidone, triazoxide, benomyl, carbendazim, fuberidazole, thiabendazole, 2- (thiocyanomethylthio) benzothiazole (TCMTB) and triflumizole; systemic fungicides which inhibit the synthesis of sterols (IBS) of the pyrimidine family, for example buthiobate, fenarimol, pyrifenox, ferimzone, mepanipyrim, bupirimate, nuarimol, fenpiclonil, pyrimethanil, cyprodinil, fludioxonil and triforine; systemic fungicides inhibiting sterol synthesis (IBS) and the morpholine family, for example aldimorph, dodemorph, fenpropimorph, dimethomorph, tridemorph and trimorphadine; systemic fungicides which inhibit the synthesis of sterols (IBS) and of the triazole family, for example bitertanol, cyproconazole, hexaconazole, tetraconazole, bromuconazole, fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, enilconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, voriconazole, prothioconazole, simeconazole, triticonazole, posaconazole, myclobutanil, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, difenoconazole, voriconazole, metconazole, dichlobutrazole, prochloraz, diniconazole, etaconazole, epoxiconazole, flusilazol, flutriafol, penconazol, propiconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol and triflumazole; fungicides of the family of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors, for example bixafen, furametpyr and fluxapyroxad; Fungicides of the strobilurin family, for example azoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim, kresoximmethyl, enestroburin, metominostrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin, orysastrobin, methyl (2-chloro-5- [1 - (3-methylbenzyloxy) ethyl] benzyl) carbamate, methyl (2-chloro-5- [1- (6-methylpyridin-2-ylmethoxyimino) ethyl] benzyl) carbamate, methyl 2 (ortho ((2,5-dimethylphenyloxymethylene) phenyl) -3-methoxyacrylate and pyraclostrobin; fungicides of the quinazolinone family, for example proquinazid; fungicides of the quinoline family, for example quinoxyfen; fungicides of the benzophenone family, for example metrafenone, fungicides of the family of thiophenes, for example silthiofam, fungicides of the carboxamide family, for example penflufen, fungicides of the family of dicarboximides, for example captaf ol, captan, famoxadone, folpet, iprodione, procymidone, vinclozolin; fungicides of the anilinopyrazole family, for example sedaxane; fungicides of the organochlorine family, for example chlorothalonil; fungicides of the family of antibiotics such as antimycin Al; Fungicides of the amide family such as boscalid, carboxin, carpropamid, dicyclomet, ethaboxam, fenfuram, fenhexamid, flusulfamide, flutolanil, furametpyr, benalaxyl, mepronil, carboxin benodanil, ofurace, oxadixyl, flutolanil, pyracarbolid, thiofluzamide, tiadinil, zoxamide, metalaxyl, oxycarboxin, penthiopyrad, tiadinil, N-25 (4'-bromobiphenyl) 2-yl) -4-difluoromethyl-2-methylthiazole-5-carboxamide, N- (4'-trifluoromethylbiphenyl-2-yl) -4-difluoromethyl-2-methylthiazole-5-carboxamide, N- (4 ') chloro-3'-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl) -4-difluoromethyl-2-methylthiazole-5-carboxamide, N- (3 ', 4'-dichloro-4-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl) -3-difluoromethyl-1-methylpyrazole 4-carboxamide, N- (2-cyanophenyl) -3,4-dichloroisothiazole-5-carboxamide, dimethomorph, flumorph, flumetover, fluopicolide (picobenzamid) zoxamide, carpropamid, diclocymet, 3025698 23 mandipropamid, N- (2- (4- [3- (4-chlorine) ophenyl) prop-2-ynyloxy] -3-methoxyphenyl) ethyl) -2-methanesulfonylamino-3-methylbutyramide, N- (2- (4- [3 - (4-chlorophenyl) prop-2-ynyloxy] -3- methoxyphenyl) ethyl) -2-ethanesulfonylamino-3-methylbutyramide; Fungicides of the aromatic family such as chloroneb, chlorothalonil and quitozene; fungicides of the family of nitrogen aliphatic such as cymoxanil; fungicides of the pyridines family such as fluazinam, pyrifenox, 3- [5- (4-chlorophenyl) -2,3-dimethylisoxazolidin-3-yl] pyridine and fluopicolide; - other fungicides such as diclomezine, dithianon, pencycuron, pyroquilon, tricylazole, 2- [2 (2,5-dimethylphenoxymethyl) phenyl] -2-methoxy-N-methylacetamide, acibenzolar-S-methyl , anilazine, captan, captafol, dazomet, diclomezine, fenoxanil, folpet, fenpropidin, famoxadone, fenamidone, octhilinone, probenazole, proquinazid, pyroquilon, quinoxyfen, tricyclazole, 5-chloro-7- (4-methylpiperidin-1-yl) -6- (2,4,6-trifluorophenyl) - [1,2,4] triazolo [1,5-a] pyrimidine, 2 -butoxy-6-iodo-3-propylchromen-4-one, N, N-dimethyl-3 - (3-bromo-6-fluoro-2-methylindol-1-sulfonyl) - [1,2,4 ] triazole-1-sulfonamide, dodine, iminoctadine, guazatine, kasugamycin, polyoxines, streptomycin, validamycin A, isoprothiolane, dithianon, edifenphos, fosetyle, aluminum fosetyle, Iprobenfos, pyrazophos, tolclofos-methyl, thiophanate-methyl, chlorothanlonil, dichlofluanid, tolylflu anid, flusulfamide, phthalide, hexachlorbenzene, pencycuron, quintozene, binapacryl, dinocap, dinobuton, copper acetate, copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, copper sulfate basic, spiroxamine, cyflufenamid, cymoxanil and metrafenone. Advantageously and according to the invention, at least one phytopharmaceutical substance is chosen from the group formed by insecticides.

Advantageously and according to the invention, at least one phytopharmaceutical substance is chosen from the group formed: insecticides of the family of organohalogens, in particular organochlorines, for example DDD, DDT, perthane, metoxychlor, dicofol, lindane, chlordane, heptachlor, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, chlordecone, perchlordecone, dienochlor, endosulfan, toxaphene, polychlorocamphene, chlorfenetol, mirex, pentachlorophenol and chlorbenside; insecticides of the aliphatic organophosphorus family, for example acephate, demeton, dichlorvos, dicrotophos, dimethoate, ethion, formothion, malathion, mevinphos, monocrotophos, naled, omethoate, phorate, phosphamidon, thiometon, vamidothion and trichlorfon; insecticides of the phenophosphorus organophosphorus family, for example bromophos, chlorfenvinphos, fenitrothion, fenthion, fonofos, isofenphos, parathion, ethyl parathionl, methyl parathion, phosalone, profenofos, temephos, heptenophos, mevinphos, trichlorfon, phosalone, triazophos, thiometon and protiophos; insecticides of the family of heterocyclic organophosphorus compounds, for example chlorpyrifos, diazinon, horseradish, isoxation, quinalphos, methidation and phosmet; Aliphatic carbamate insecticides, for example aldicarb, methomyl, oxamyl, thiodicarb, benfuracarb, diallate, dimetan, ethiophencarb, fenoxycarb, formetanate, formetanate hydrochloride, mercaptodimethur and thiofanoxe; insecticides of the aromatic carbamate family, for example aminocarb, BPMC, carbaryl, isocarb, isoprocarb (MICP), methiocarb, metolcarb (MTMC), mexacarb, promecarb and propoxur; insecticides of the carbamate family with a heterocyclic structure, for example bendiocarb, carbofuran, dimetilan, dioxacarb and pirimicarb; Synthetic insecticides of the pyrethroid family, for example bifenthrin, bioresmethrin, deltamethrin, depallethrin, ethofenprox, fenpropathrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, esfenvalerate, cyfluthrin, alphamethrin tralomethrin, fluvalinate, permethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, flucythrinate, tefluthrin, tralomethrin, zetacypermethrin and betacyfluthrin; - insecticides of the family of sulfones and sulfonates, for example tetrasul, tetradifon and propargite; insecticides of the family formamidines, for example amitraz, chlordimeform and formetanate; insecticides of the benzoylurea family, for example diflubenzuron, teflubenzuron, hexflumuron, lufenuron and triflumuron; insecticides of the carbinol family, for example dicofol, chlorobenzilate, chloropropylate, chlorfenetol and bromopropylate; Insecticides of plant origin, for example pyrethrum derivatives, rotenones, nicotine, azadirachtin, azadirine, certain alkaloids (neem), quassine, ryanodine, aconitine and genaniol. At least one insecticidal phytopharmaceutical is selected from the group consisting of clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid, thiacloprid, abamectin, emamectin benzoate, spinosyns A and B, bendiocarb, carbaryl, carbofuran, pirimicarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, thiodicarb, acrinathrin, deltamethrin, ethiprole, flupronil, coumaphos, flubendiamide, bistrifluoron, chlofluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, hexaflumuron, novaluron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron and buprofezin. At least one insecticidal phytopharmaceutical substance is selected from the group consisting of organo (thio) phosphate compounds such as acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-methyl, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifosmethyl, chlorfenvinphos, diazinon, dichlorvos, dicrotophos, dimethoate, disulfoton, ethion, fenitrothion, fenthion, isoxathion, malathion, methamidophos, methidathion, methylparathion, mevinphos, monocrotophos, oxydemeton-methyl paraoxon, parathion, phenthoate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, phorate, phoxim, pirimiphosmethyl, profenofos, prothiofos, sulprophos, tetrachlorvinphos, terbufos, triazophos, trichlorfon; At least one insecticidal phytopharmaceutical is selected from the group consisting of carbamates such as alanycarb, aldicarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, fenoxycarb, furathiocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, triazamate.

At least one insecticidal plant protection substance is selected from the group consisting of pyrethroids such as allethrin, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cyphenothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, betacyperrnethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, imiprothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, permethrin, prallethrin, pyrethrins I and H, resmethrin, silafluofen, tau-fluvalinate, tefluthrin, tetramethrin, tralomethrin, transfluthrin, profluthrin, dimefluthrin. At least one insecticidal plant protection substance is selected from the group consisting of growth regulators such as chlorofluorazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, tefluben, zuron, triflumuron, buprofezin, diofenolan, hexythiazox, etoxazole, clofentazine, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide, azadirachtin, pyriproxyfen, methoprene, fenoxycarb, spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spirotetramat.

At least one insecticidal plant protection substance is selected from the group consisting of nicotinic receptor agonists / antagonists such as clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, nitenpyram, acetamiprid, thiacloprid. At least one insecticidal plant protection substance is selected from the group consisting of agonists / antagonists of the GABA receptor such as acetoprole, endosulfan, ethiprole, flupronil, vaniliprole, pyrafuprole, pyriprole. At least one insecticidal plant protection substance is selected from the group consisting of macrocyclic lactone insecticides such as abamectin, emamectin, milbemectin, lepimectin, spinosad. At least one insecticidal phytopharmaceutical is selected from the group consisting of fenazaquin, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad, flufenerim, acequinocyl, fluacyprim, hydramethylnon, chlorfenapyr, cyhexatin, diafenthiuron, fenbutatin oxide, propargite, cyromazine, piperonyl butoxide, indoxacarb, metaflumizone, benclothiaz, bifenazate, cartap, flonicamid, pyridalyl, pymetrozine, sulfur, thiocyclam, flubendiamide, cyenopyrafen, flupyrazofos, cyflumetofen, amidoflumet. Advantageously and according to the invention, at least one phytopharmaceutical substance is chosen so as to promote the growth and development of plants, insofar as they are not plant nutrients. Advantageously and according to the invention, at least one phytopharmaceutical substance is selected from the group consisting of microorganisms - in particular in the group consisting of genetically modified microorganisms -, secondary metabolites of microorganisms and extracts of such microorganisms. -organisms. The invention also relates to a phytopharmaceutical composition comprising: at least one glycerol carbonic ester, in particular at least one glycerol carbonic ester of formula (I), (I '), (VI), (VIII), (IX) or (X) -comprising at least one ester function formed between a group derived from carbonic acid and at least one group derived from glycerol, and; at least one phytopharmaceutical substance selected from the group consisting of fungicidal substances, fungistatic substances, bactericidal substances, bacteriostatic substances, insecticidal substances, acaricidal substances, herbicidal substances, parasiticidal substances, nematicidal substances and rodenticidal substances, taupicidal substances, corvoid substances, corvicidal substances, molluscicidal substances, repellents of birds and game, said plant protection substance being distinct from each glycerol carbonic ester. Such a phytopharmaceutical composition may optionally comprise a phyto-acceptable excipient other than a glycerol carbonic ester. The inventors have found that such a phytopharmaceutical composition when it is brought into contact with aerial parts of plants does not harm the growth and development of the plants, does not deteriorate the cuticle of the leaves of the plants, does not involve no burning of plants and surprisingly improves the effectiveness of the plant protection substance.

A glycerol carbonic ester of a plant protection composition according to the invention constitutes an adjuvant in that it improves the efficacy of the plant protection substance and a vector of said plant protection substance. It makes it possible to reduce the quantity of plant protection substance to be applied to the plants and the environment for at least equivalent effectiveness and contributes to the preservation of this environment. Such a phytopharmaceutical composition according to the invention is adapted to be applied to plants and meets the standards of protection and preservation of the environment. The glycerol carbonic ester of a phytopharmaceutical composition according to the invention does not in itself have any toxicity for human or animal health. It is biodegradable and is not likely to accumulate in the soil or contaminate groundwater when applied to plants in culture. The glycerol carbon esters are "biobased", that is to say obtained from natural resources - especially plant resources - inexpensive and renewable. They therefore have a low cost and can be applied economically in the field on plants.

In particular, glycerol carbon esters can contribute to surprisingly improving the efficacy of at least one plant protection substance applied to plants. Advantageously and according to the invention, in a phytopharmaceutical composition, at least one glycerol carbonic ester is used as adjuvant, agent for vectorizing at least one phytopharmaceutical substance and stabilizing agent for at least one phytopharmaceutical substance. The invention also relates to the use of a phytopharmaceutical composition according to the invention in application to plants. The invention therefore relates to the use of a plant protection composition according to the invention for the treatment of plants. In particular, the invention relates to the use of such a phytopharmaceutical composition comprising at least one glycerol carbonic ester and at least one phytopharmaceutical substance distinct from the glycerol carbonic ester and selected from the group consisting of fungicidal substances, fungistatics, bactericidal substances, bacteriostatic substances, insecticidal substances, herbicidal substances and parasiticidal substances, said agents being capable of being applied to the aerial parts of plants for combating pests for the growth and development of plants .

The invention also relates to a plant treatment method and a plant protection plant protection composition characterized in combination by all or some of the characteristics mentioned above or hereinafter. Other objects, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent on reading the following description and examples of implementation of the invention given solely by way of non-limiting example. In a plant treatment process according to the invention, at least one phytopharmaceutical substance and at least one glycerol carbonic ester are applied to aerial parts of plants.

It may be a cyclic glycerol carbonic ester or a linear carboxy ester of glycerol. A glycerol cyclic carbonic ester 3025698 can be a glycerol carbonate having a 5-membered ring or a 6-membered ring. The 5-membered or 4- (hydroxymethyl) -1,3-dioxolan-2-one cyclic glycerol carbonate (CAS 931-40-8) can advantageously be obtained by a synthetic method described, for example in FR 2 733 232. The cyclic carboxycarbonyl esters of the general formula (VIII) may be obtained by any appropriate method. In particular, for a use according to the invention, an α / α'-acylated cyclic glycerol carbonic ester of formula (VIII) may, for example, be obtained by a synthetic process in which an acylation of a carbonic cyclic ester of glycerol of formula (I). For example, such an acylation is carried out by dropwise addition, with stirring, of carbonic cyclic ester of glycerol or glycerol carbonate in a liquid medium comprising an amount of at least one fatty acid (for example non-limiting of the amount of heptanoic acid, nonanoic acid, undecylenic acid or oleic acid) and 4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid (CAS No. 6192-52-5, para-toluenesulfonic acid, ApTs) brought to a temperature of the order of 110 ° C., under a pressure of the order of 800 hPa. The reaction mixture obtained is stirred at 110 ° C. and 900 hPa for about 3 hours.

For example, the cyclic glycerol cyclic ester of α / α'-heptanoylated (ECG-C7) cyclic glycerol cyclic ester of α / α'-nonanoylated glycerol (ECG-C9) is synthesized in this manner. α / α'-undecylenoylated glycerol cyclic carbonic ester (ECG-C11,1), the α / α'-oleylated glycerol cyclic carbonic ester (ECG-C18: 1).

It is also possible to obtain such an α'-acylated cyclic glycerol carbonic ester of formula (VIII) by addition of an anhydride to glycerol cyclic carbonate in the presence of an ion exchange resin. For example, the cyclic glycerol cyclic carboxy ester or glycerol carbonate acetate (ECG-C2) is obtained by the addition of acetic anhydride to glycerol in the presence of a 3025698 ion exchange resin. 31 catalyst and maintaining the temperature of the reaction medium at 50 ° C with mechanical stirring for about 4 hours. The glycerol carbonate acetate is purified by the thin film technique at a temperature of 170 ° C. and under reduced pressure.

Linear α-acylated glycerol carboxylic esters and 13-acylated linear glycerol carboxylic esters of the general formulas (III), (X) or (XI) can be obtained by a particular process resulting from the general process described herein. -after. Linear α-α-acyl glycerol carboxylic esters are obtained, in particular linear α-α-acyl glycerol carboxylic acid oligomers of the general formula (III), (X) or (XI) by synthesis with from at least one α /''-acylated cyclic glycerol carboxy ester of general formula (VIII), at least one organic initiator selected from the group consisting of hydroxylated organic compounds-in particular polyols, in particular glycerol- and at least one metal catalyst selected, for example, from the group consisting of zinc sulfate (ZnSO4), zinc stearate (Zn (C18H3502) 2), iron sulfate (FeSO4), ferric phosphate ( FePO4), manganese sulphate (MnSO4), zinc oxide (ZnO), calcium carbonate (Ca2CO3), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and sodium sulphate (Na2SO4). In such a synthesis process, the α, a-acylated glycerol cyclic carbons of formula (VIII), the organic initiator and the metal catalyst are mixed in a reactor which is hermetically closed and it is brought to a temperature between 150 ° C and 220 ° C and so as to place the liquid mixture under a pressure, said autogenous pressure, greater than or equal to atmospheric pressure. In such a synthesis process, the polymerization of the cyclic carb (s) esters of glycerol α / α'-acylated (s) of general formula (VIII) and the formation of linear carboxy esters of glycerol a / a are controlled. acylated with general formulas (III), (X) or (XI) by controlling the autogenous pressure generated by heating the hermetically sealed reaction medium.

The average molar masses of the linear acylated glycerol carboxylic esters obtainable by the above process are described in Table 1 below. EXAMPLE 1 Synthesis of α / α'-acylated Cyclic Glycerol Carbonyl Esters The synthesis of α, α'-acylated cyclic glycerol carbon esters, in particular cyclic glycerol α / α'-heptanoic carbonic ester (ECG-C7), glycerol cyclic carbonic ester a / a 'is carried out. -nonanoic (ECG-C9) cyclic glycerol carbonic ester of α / β-necylenoic (ECG-C 1: 1) and cyclic carbonic ester of glycerol α / α'-oleic (ECG-C18,1). ) by esterification of the α / α'-hydroxylated cyclic glycerol carbonate with a corresponding fatty acid. In a 500 mL reactor equipped with a mechanical stirring device, a reduced pressurizing device and a "Dean-Stark" water removal device formed, 1.64 is placed. moles of fatty acid and 0.0078 moles of 4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid (CAS No. 6192-52-5, para-toluenesulfonic acid, ApTs). The temperature of the mixture is raised to a temperature of 110 ° C. under a reduced pressure of 800 hPa for a period of 15 minutes. 0.84 moles of α / α'-hydroxylated cyclic glycerol carbonate are then added dropwise to the reactor with mechanical stirring at 800 revolutions per minute (rpm) for 15 minutes. The reactor is placed in an oil bath heated to 110 ° C. and mechanically stirred (800 rpm) for 3 hours.

EXAMPLE 2 Purification of α, β-acylated cyclic glycerol carbonic esters. The reaction medium is diluted in 150 ml of ethyl ether and the mixture obtained is placed in a 1 L separating funnel. The mixture is washed successively with 4 volumes of saturated NaCl water until the aqueous phase is neutral. . The washed organic phase is dried over magnesium sulfate and is separated from the magnesium sulfate hydrate by filtration. The ether of the organic phase is removed by evaporation under reduced pressure. A mass of dry product of 277 g is obtained. The cyclic α-acylated glycerol carbonic ester is separated from the excess fatty acids by thin-film distillation under reduced pressure (0.6 hPa) at a temperature below the boiling point of the fatty acid. under this reduced pressure and below 155 ° C. The cyclic carbonate of glycerol α / α'-acylated whose purity evaluated by gas chromatography is between 85% and 95%.

EXAMPLE 3 Synthesis of the? /? -Acetylated cyclic glycerol carbonic ester (ECG-C2) In a 2L glass three-neck flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer and a "Dean-Stark" device for removing water formed comprising a condenser and placed in an oil bath, 472 g of Cyclic carbonate of glycerol (4- (hydroxymethyl) -1,3-dioxolan-2-one, CAS 931-40-8) and 4 g of Lewatit K2431 resin. 6 moles of acetic anhydride are added dropwise to the reactor so as to control and maintain the temperature of the reactor at 50 ° C. with mechanical stirring at 800 rpm for 4 hours.

The excess acetic anhydride is removed by evaporation at a temperature of 60 ° C. and a reduced pressure of 55 hPa. The α / α'-acetylated linear glycerol carbonic ester was purified by the thin film technique conducted in an evaporator / separator at a temperature of 170 ° C and a reduced pressure of 0.33 hPa. The α / α'-acetylated cyclic glycerol carbonic ester is obtained, the purity of which is evaluated by gas chromatography in the range 85% to 98%.

The chemical structures of the α / α'-acylated cyclic glycerol carbons synthesized in Examples 1, 2 and 3 are confirmed by mass spectrometry, proton NMR, 13 C NMR and infra-red transform spectroscopy. Fourrier. The purity of the acyl cyclic glycerol carboxy esters and the mass of the molecular ion are given in Table 1 below. Purity,% Mass Spectrometry, m / z ECG-C 98 160.1 ECG-C7 94 230.2 ECG-Cg 95 258.3 ECG-C18: 85.248.3 ECG-C18: 1 96 382.5 Table EXAMPLE 4 Synthesis of Acetylated Glycerol Carbonate Oligomers (OECG-C2) by Oligomerization of the α /--acetylated Cyclic Glycerol Ester (ECG-C2) 21.25 g of ECG-C2 as obtained in Example 3 are brought into contact with 125 mg of zinc stearate (Zn (C18H3502) 2 as a catalyst and 3.75 g of glycerol in a reactor which The reaction medium is then heated in the hermetically sealed reactor to reach the temperature of 160 ° C. under autogenous pressure, and the pressure is then brought back to atmospheric pressure and the temperature is maintained at 160 ° C. C for 2 hours at atmospheric pressure The conversion rate of the ECG-C2 is 98% The analysis by gel permeation chromatography demonstrates the formation of oligomers with a number molecular weight of 714 g / mole, 335 g / mol, 206 g / mol, 139 g / mol and 92 g / mol The mass spectrum produced on the reaction medium has signals corresponding to molecular ions and fragments with m / z values of between 180, 9 and 761.4 and corresponding to oligomers of formulas (A) and (B) below: Wherein A is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, and ## STR5 ## wherein R (CH 3), CH 3 OH (B); wherein g can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10.

EXAMPLE 5 Synthesis of Acetylated Glycerol Carbonate Oligomers (OECG-C2) by Oligomerization of the α / α'-acetylated Cyclic Carboxylated Cyclic Ester (ECG-C2) 21.25 g of ECG-C2 as obtained in Example 3 are brought into contact with 125 mg of zinc sulphate (ZnSO 4) as catalyst and 3.75 g of glycerol as organic initiator. in a reactor that is hermetically sealed. The reaction medium is then heated in the sealed reactor so as to reach the temperature of 160 ° C. under autogenous pressure, then the pressure is brought back to atmospheric pressure and the temperature of 160 ° C. is maintained for 2 hours under pressure. atmospheric. The conversion rate of ECG-C2 is 66%. Analysis by gel permeation chromatography demonstrates the formation of oligomers of number-average molecular weight of 389 g / mol, 159 g / mol and 83 g / mol. EXAMPLE 6 Synthesis of Heptanoylated Glycerol Carbonate Oligomers (OECG-C7) by Oligomerization of the Cyclic Carboxyl ester of α / α'-heptanoylated Glycerol (ECG-C7) 20 g of ECG-C7 as obtained in Examples 1 and 2 are brought into contact with 113 mg of zinc sulphate (ZnSO 4) as catalyst and 2.42 g of glycerol as organic initiator in a reactor. that we close hermetically. The reaction medium is then heated in the sealed reactor to reach the temperature of 200 ° C. under autogenous pressure, and the pressure is then reduced to atmospheric pressure and the temperature of 200 ° C. is maintained for 2 hours at room temperature. atmospheric pressure. The conversion rate of the ECG-C7 is 64%. Analysis by gel permeation chromatography demonstrates the formation of oligomers of number-average molecular weight of 639 g / mole, 420 g / mole, 252 g / mole and 96 g / mole. EXAMPLE 7 Synthesis of Nonanoylated Glycerol Carbonate Oligomers (OECG-C9) by Oligomerization of the α / α'-Nonanoylated Glycerol Cyclic Ester (ECG-C9) 20 g of ECG-C9 as obtained in Examples 1 and 2 are brought into contact with 110 mg of zinc sulphate (ZnSO 4) as catalyst and 2.15 g of glycerol as organic initiator in a reactor. that we close tightly. The reaction medium is then heated in the sealed reactor so as to reach the temperature of 180 ° C. under autogenous pressure, then the pressure is brought back to atmospheric pressure and the temperature of 180 ° C. is maintained for 2 hours under pressure. atmospheric. The conversion rate of ECG-C9 is 88%. Analysis by gel permeation chromatography demonstrates the formation of oligomers of number-average molecular weight of 992 g / mol, 541 g / mol, 303 g / mol and 90 g / mol. EXAMPLE 8 Synthesis of Undecylenoylated Glycerol Carbonate Oligomers (OECG-Ci Li) by Oligomerization of the α / α'-Undecylenoylated Cyclic Carboxylated Cyclic Ester (ECG-Cita)

10 g of ECG-Cita as obtained in Examples 1 and 2 are brought into contact with 86 mg of zinc sulphate (ZnSO 4) as a catalyst and 1.3 g of glycerol as an organic initiator in a solution. reactor that is hermetically sealed. The reaction medium is then heated in the sealed reactor to reach the temperature of 190 ° C. under autogenous pressure, and the pressure is then reduced to atmospheric pressure and the temperature of 190 ° C. is maintained for 2 hours at room temperature. atmospheric pressure. The conversion rate of ECG-Cita is 98%. Analysis by gel permeation chromatography demonstrates the formation of oligomers of number-average molecular weight of 7632 g / mol, 2113 g / mol, 1084 g / mol, 750 g / mol and 486 g / mol.

EXAMPLE 9 Synthesis of α, α-oleylated glycerol carbonate oligomers (OECG-C18.1) by oligomerization of the α / '-oleylated glycerol cyclic ester (ECG-C18.1). 10 g of ECG-C18.1 as obtained in Examples 1 and 2 are brought into contact with 50 mg of zinc sulphate (ZnSO 4) as catalyst and 0.7 g of glycerol as organic initiator in a reactor that is closed tightly. The reaction medium is then heated in the sealed reactor so as to reach the temperature of 200 ° C. under autogenous pressure, then the pressure is brought back to atmospheric pressure and the temperature of 200 ° C. is maintained for 2 hours under pressure. atmospheric. The conversion rate of the ECG-C18.1 is 97%. Gel permeation chromatography analysis demonstrates the formation of number-average molecular weight oligomers of 3724 g / mol, 1787 g / mol, 1169 g / mol, 613 g / mol and 94 g / mol. EXAMPLE 10 Use of glycerol carbonic esters as adjuvant of a herbicide composition (CREDIT 540) of rapeseed weeds. A comparative study is made of the herbicidal properties of the herbicidal compositions according to the invention, that is to say comprising a glycerol carbonic ester as adjuvant, relative to herbicidal compositions obtained from known adjuvants and used at the prescribed dose. The herbicidal phytopharmaceutical substance (glyphosate) is applied at a rate of 810 g / ha, the herbicidal composition being applied at the rate of 200 L / ha. The stock solution of glyphosate (CREDIT 540, Nufarm SA, Gennevilliers) comprises 540 g of glyphosate per liter. Known adjuvants tested are: GENAMIN T-200 BM (Monsanto SAS, Saint-Priest, France) comprising 732 g / L POEA (polyoxyethylene amine); ACTIMUM (Monsanto SAS, Saint-Priest, France) comprising 460 g / L of ammonium sulfate. The adjuvants tested according to the invention are: adjuvant A comprising: 6.010 g of C7 esterified glycerol carbonate oligomer (OECG-C7), and; - 6,019 g of ECG-C7 (glycerol carbonic ester of formula (VIII) in which R1 is hexyl); adjuvant B comprising: 6.621 g of C7 esterified glycerol carbonate oligomer (OECG-C7), and; 6.632 g of ECG-C2 (glycerol carbonic ester of formula (VIII) in which R 1 is a methyl), and - 6,619 g of water; adjuvant C comprising: 6.605 g of C7 esterified glycerol carbonate oligomer (OECG-C7), and; 6.655 g of ECG-C2 and; - 6.659 g of water. The results are given in Table 2 below. Weedkiller Adjuvant Adjuvant dose,% (v / v) Efficacy CREDIT 540 none 0 35% (glyphosate 810 g / ha) GENAMIN T-200 BM 0.5 70% ACTIMUM 0.5 50% Adjuvant A 0.15 50% Adjuvant B 0.15 45% Adjuvant C 0.15 45% Table 2 Adjuvant A according to the invention, measured at 0.15% of the volume of the phytopharmaceutical composition, makes it possible to obtain a weed control efficacy (50%) which is decreased 28% compared to the weed control efficiency (70%) of the plant protection composition comprising GENAMIN T-200 BM as an adjuvant, but with a dose of adjuvant according to the invention (0.15%) decreased by 50% compared to the dose of GENAMIN T-200 BM (0.5%). The adjuvants B and C according to the invention, dosed at 0.15% of the volume of the plant protection composition, make it possible to obtain an effectiveness of 30% weeding (45%) which is reduced by 36% compared to the weed control efficiency ( 70%) of the plant protection composition comprising GENAMIN T-200 BM as an adjuvant, but with a dose of adjuvant according to the invention (0.15%) decreased by 50%.

The adjuvants according to the invention make it possible to obtain a weed control efficacy (45%) which is equivalent to the weed control efficacy (50%) obtained with ACTIMUM, but with a dose of adjuvant according to US Pat. invention (0.15%) decreased by 50%. EXAMPLE 11 Use of Formulated Compositions Comprising Glycerol Carbonates As an Adjunct to Herbicide (Sulfonylurea) Herbicide Composition on Winter Wheat and Corn. A comparative study is made of the herbicidal properties of herbicidal compositions comprising a glycerol carbonic ester as an adjunct, relative to herbicidal compositions obtained from known adjuvants and used at the prescribed dose. The herbicidal phytopharmaceutical substance is a sulfonylurea. The known adjuvant composition is ACTIROB B (Novance SAS, Compiegne, France) comprising 642 g / l of esterified rapeseed oil. Adjuvant D according to the invention is a formulation comprising: 20 - 29.5% (w / w) Cita-esterified glycerol carbonate oligomer (OECG-Cita), and; 16.4% (w / w) of glycerol; - 6.4% (w / w) glycerol monolaurate; 6.4% (m / m) of lecithin, and; 25 - 41.66% water. The results are given in Table 3 below.

3025698 Formulated Composition Efficacy Sulfonylurea Adjuvant Nature Dose Full Dose None 0 23.3% Half Dose None 0 13.3% Half Dose ACTIROB B 1 L / ha 96.7% Half Dose Adjuvant D 0.65 L / ha 93.3% Table 3 Adjuvant D makes it possible to obtain a herbicidal efficacy (93.3%) comparable to the herbicidal efficacy (96.7%) obtained with ACTIROB B, but with a dose of adjuvant according to the invention (0, 65 L / ha) compared to the dose of ACTIROB B (1 L / ha). EXAMPLE 12 Use of glycerol carbonic esters as adjuvant of a herbicidal composition (AUXO®) of weeds (lambs quarters) on maize. A comparative study of the weeding properties of maize weeds (chenopods) post-emergence of the herbicidal composition according to the invention comprising a carbonic ester of glycerol as an adjuvant, compared with a herbicidal composition obtained from adjuvant known and used at the prescribed dose. The herbicidal phytopharmaceutical substance is the AUXO® formulation used at 0.75 Kg / ha and including tembotrione (50 g / L), isoxadifen (25 g / L) and bromoxynil (262 g / L). The herbicide composition is applied to a corn crop at 150 L / ha, the maize crop comprising an average number of chenopod plants of 7.33 plants per m 2. The known adjuvant composition tested is ACTIROB B (Novance SAS, Compiegne, France).

The adjuvants according to the invention tested are the following formulated compositions: adjuvant E is a composition comprising 20% (w / w) water, 20% (w / w) glycerol and 20% (w / w) d a composition comprising glycerol polycarbonate (PCG) obtained by oligomerization of glycerol carbonate catalyzed by zinc stearate; adjuvant F is a composition comprising 30% (w / w) of glycerol and 15% (w / w) of a composition comprising oligomers of glycerol carbonate (OCG) obtained by oligomerization of glycerol carbonate catalyzed by sulphate zinc; adjuvant G is a composition comprising 30% (w / w) of glycerol and 15% (w / w) of a composition comprising oligomers of C7 glycerol carbonate ester obtained by oligomerization of glycerol carbonate followed by esterification of the oligomer thus obtained with heptanoic acid in the presence of para-toluenesulphonic acid as a catalyst; adjuvant H is a composition comprising 15% (w / w) of water, 15% (w / w) of glycerol and 15% (w / w) of a reaction mixture comprising oligomers (OECG-C2) of carbonate C2-esterified glycerol obtained by acetylation of glycerol carbonate to C2 cyclic glycerol carbonic acetate (ECG-C2) followed by oligomerization of the obtained ECG-C2 in the presence of glycerol and zinc stearate as of catalyst, at a temperature of 160 ° C. for 2 hours in an autoclave. The composition comprises 66.6% linear glycerol carbonic ester (OECG-C2) and 33.4% cyclic glycerol carbonic acid (ECG-C2). The results are given in Table 4 below. Weedkiller Adjuvant Adjuvant dose,% (v / v) Efficacy AUXO® none 0 90% (Tembotrione, 50g / L Isoxadifen, 25 g / L Bromoxynil, 262 g / L) 0.75 Kg / ha ACTIROB B 1 91% Adjuvant E 0.25 91% Adjuvant F 0.25 91% Adjuvant G 0.25 93% Adjuvant H 0.25 94% Adjuvant E 0.50 94% Adjuvant F 0.50 93% Adjuvant G 0.50 94% Adjuvant H 0 , 50 94% Table 4 3025698 42 The adjuvants E, F, G and H according to the invention make it possible to obtain a herbicidal efficacy on chenopod superior to the herbicidal efficacy obtained with ACTIROB B, but with a dose of adjuvant according to the invention (0.25% and 0.50%) at the dose of ACTIROB B (1%).

EXAMPLE 13 Use of glycerol carbonic esters as an adjunct to a herbicide (AUXO®) composition of weeds (panic) on maize. A comparative study is made of the weed-killing properties (weed) of maize with herbicidal compositions according to the invention comprising a carbonic ester of glycerol as an adjuvant, with respect to a herbicidal composition obtained from a known adjuvant. and used at the prescribed dose. The herbicidal phytopharmaceutical substance is the AUXO® formulation as described in Example 12. The herbicidal composition is applied to a corn crop at 150 L / ha, the corn crop comprising an average number of tomato plants. 5 plants per m2. The adjuvants according to the invention tested are the formulated compositions referenced "adjuvant E", "adjuvant F", "adjuvant G" and "adjuvant H" and described in Example 12. The results are given in Table 5 below. Weedkiller Adjuvant Adjuvant dose,% (v / v) Efficacy AUXO® none 0 70% (Tembotrione, 50g / L Isoxadifen, 25 g / L Bromoxynil, 262 g / L) at 0.75 Kg / ha ACTIROB B 1 71% Adjuvant E 0.25 72% Adjuvant F 0.25 72% Adjuvant G 0.25 72% Adjuvant H 0.25 72% Adjuvant E 0.50 75% Adjuvant F 0.50 72% Adjuvant G 0.50 72% Adjuvant H 0.50 76% Table 5 3025698 43 The adjuvants E, F, G and H according to the invention make it possible to obtain a herbicide efficacy superior to the herbicidal efficacy obtained with ACTIROB B, but with a dose of adjuvant according to the lower invention (0.25% and 0.50%) lower than the dose of ACTIROB B (1%).

EXAMPLE 14 Use of glycerol carbonic esters as an adjunct to an herbicide (AUXO®) composition of weeds (global) on corn. A comparative study of weed-killing properties on corn global weeds with herbicidal compositions according to the invention comprising a carbonic ester of glycerol as an adjuvant, compared to a herbicidal composition obtained from a known adjuvant and used is carried out. at the prescribed dose. The herbicidal phytopharmaceutical substance is the AUXO® formulation as described in Example 12. The adjuvants according to the invention tested are the formulated compositions referenced "adjuvant E", "adjuvant F", "adjuvant G" and "adjuvant H" described in Example 12. The results are given in Table 6 below. Weedkiller Adjuvant Adjuvant dose,% (v / v) Efficacy AUXO® none 0 70% (Tembotrione, 50g / L Isoxadifen, 25 g / L Bromoxynil, 262 g / L) at 0.75 Kg / ha ACTIROB B 1 72% Adjuvant E 0.25 72% Adjuvant F 0.25 72% Adjuvant G 0.25 72% Adjuvant H 0.25 72% Adjuvant E 0.50 74% Adjuvant F 0.50 73% Adjuvant G 0.50 75% Adjuvant H 0.50 75% Table 6 The adjuvants E, F, G and H according to the invention make it possible to obtain a herbicidal efficacy superior to the herbicidal efficacy obtained with ACTIROB B, but with doses of adjuvant according to the lower invention (0.25% and 0.50%) at the dose of ACTIROB B (1%). EXAMPLE 15 Use of glycerol carbonic esters as adjuvant of a herbicidal composition (BIATHLON®) of weeds (goosefoot) on maize. A comparative study of the weed-killing properties of weeds (chenopods) of maize with herbicidal compositions according to the invention comprising a carbonic ester of glycerol as an adjuvant, compared to herbicidal compositions comprising adjuvants known and used in prescribed dose. The herbicidal phytopharmaceutical substance is the herbicidal composition (BIATHLON®) comprising tritosulfuron (714 g / kg). The herbicidal composition is applied to a maize crop at a rate of 50 g of tritosulfuron per hectare, the maize crop comprising an average number of lamb's-quarters of 16 plants per m 2. The known adjuvants tested are ACTIROB B (Novance SAS, Compiegne, France) and DASH® HC (BASF AGRO SAS, Ecully, France) comprising 5% oleic acid, 37.5% fatty acid methyl esters and 22.5% polyoxyalkylated fatty alcohol phosphate esters. The adjuvants according to the invention tested are the formulated compositions referenced "adjuvant E", "adjuvant F", "adjuvant G" and "adjuvant H" described in Example 12. The results are given in Table 7 below. Weedkiller Adjuvant Adjuvant rate, Efficiency L / ha BIATHLON® none 0 62% (Tritosulfuron, 714g / kg) at 50 g / ha ACTIROB B 1 71% DASH®HC 0.7 68% Adjuvant E 0.25 67% Adjuvant F 0 66% Adjuvant G 0.25 69% Adjuvant H 0.25 66% Table 7 3025698 The adjuvants E, F, G and H according to the invention make it possible to obtain a herbicidal efficacy superior to the herbicidal efficacy obtained with the herbicide. ACTIROB B and DASH®HC, but with a dose of adjuvant according to the invention (0.25%) at the dose of ACTIROB B and DASH®HC (respectively 1% and 0.7%) . EXAMPLE 16 Use of glycerol carbonic esters as adjuvant of a herbicide composition (BIATHLON®) of corn weeds (Rumex). A comparative study is made of weed-killing properties (weeds) (Rumex) of maize with herbicidal compositions according to the invention comprising a glycerol carbonic ester as adjuvant, with respect to herbicidal compositions comprising known adjuvants and used at the prescribed dose. The herbicidal phytopharmaceutical substance is the herbicidal composition (BIATHLON®) as described in Example 15. The herbicidal composition is applied to a corn crop at a rate of 50 g of tritosulfuron per hectare, the corn crop comprising an average number of of chenopod seedlings of 21 plants per m2. Known adjuvants tested are ACTIROB B (Novance SAS, Compiegne, France) and DASH®HC (BASF AGRO SAS, Ecully, France). The adjuvants according to the invention tested are the formulated compositions referenced as "adjuvant E", "adjuvant F", "adjuvant G" and "adjuvant H" described in Example 12. The results are given in Table 8 below. Weedkiller Adjuvant Adjuvant rate, Efficiency L / ha BIATHLON® none 0 62% (Tritosulfuron, 714g / kg) at g / ha ACTIROB B 1 63% DASH®HC 0.7 63% Adjuvant E 0.25 64% Adjuvant F 0, 64% Adjuvant G 0.25 65% Adjuvant H 0.25 65% Table 8 3025698 46 The adjuvants E, F, G and H according to the invention make it possible to obtain herbicidal efficacy with respect to Rumex at least equal to the herbicidal efficacy obtained with ACTIROB B (63%) and DASH®HC (63%), but with a dose of adjuvant according to the invention (0.25%) at the dose of ACTIROB B 5 and DASH®HC (respectively 1% and 0.7%). EXAMPLE 17 Use of glycerol carbonic esters as adjuvant of a herbicide composition (BIATHLON®) of weeds (Panic) on maize. A comparative study is made of weed-killing properties on weeds (Panic) of maize of herbicidal compositions according to the invention comprising a glycerol carbonic ester as an adjuvant, with respect to herbicidal compositions comprising known adjuvants and used at the prescribed dose. The herbicidal phytopharmaceutical substance is the herbicidal composition (BIATHLON®). The herbicidal composition is applied to a corn crop at the rate of 50 grams of tritosulfuron per hectare. The known adjuvant compositions tested are ACTIROB B (Novance SAS, Compiegne, France) and DASH®HC (BASF AGRO SAS, Ecully, France). The adjuvants according to the invention tested are the formulated compositions referenced "adjuvant E", "adjuvant F", "adjuvant G" and "adjuvant H" described in example 12. The results are given in Table 9 below. Weedkiller Adjuvant Adjuvant rate, Efficiency L / ha BIATHLON® none 0 14% (Tritosulfuron, 714g / kg) at 50 g / ha ACTIROB B 1 15% DASH®HC 0.7 14% Adjuvant E 0.25 17% Adjuvant F 0 14% Adjuvant G 0.25 15% Adjuvant H 0.25 15% Table 9 3025698 47 The adjuvants E, F, G and H according to the invention make it possible to obtain a herbicidal efficacy at least equal to the herbicidal efficacy. obtained with ACTIROB B (15%) and DASH®HC (14%), but with a dose of adjuvant according to the invention (0.25%) at the dose of ACTIROB B and DASH®HC 5 (respectively 1% and 0.7%). EXAMPLE 18 Use of glycerol carbonic esters as adjuvant of a herbicidal composition (BIATHLON®) vis-à-vis the global corn weeds. A comparative study of weed-killing properties on corn global weeds with herbicidal compositions according to the invention comprising a carbonic ester of glycerol as an adjuvant, compared to herbicidal compositions comprising known adjuvants and used at the prescribed dose, is carried out. . The herbicidal phytopharmaceutical substance is the herbicidal composition (BIATHLON®). The herbicidal composition is applied to a corn crop at the rate of 50 grams of tritosulfuron per hectare. The known adjuvant compositions tested are ACTIROB B (Novance SAS, Compiegne, France) and DASH® HC (BASF AGRO SAS, Ecully, France). The adjuvants according to the invention tested are the formulated compositions referenced "adjuvant E", "adjuvant F", "adjuvant G" and "adjuvant H" described in example 12. The results are given in Table 10 below. Weedkiller Adjuvant Adjuvant dose, Efficiency L / ha BIATHLON® none 0 60% (Tritosulfuron, 714g / kg) at 50 g / ha ACTIROB B 1 64% DASH® HC 0.7 62% Adjuvant E 0.25 62% Adjuvant F 0 62% Adjuvant G 0.25 64% Adjuvant H 0.25 62% Table 10 3025698 48 Adjuvants E, F, G and H according to the invention make it possible to obtain a herbicidal efficacy at least equal to the herbicidal efficacy obtained with ACTIROB B (64%) and DASH®HC (62%), but with a lower adjuvant dose (0.25%) at the dose of ACTIROB B and DASH®HC (respectively 1% 5 and 0.7%). EXAMPLE 19 Use of Glycerol Carbonates as an Adjuvant of an Herbicide Composition (ARCHIPEL®) of Winter Soft Wheat Weeds (Ryegrass) A comparative study of the weed-killing properties of winter wheat weeds (ryegrass) of herbicidal compositions according to the invention comprising a glycerol carbonic ester as adjuvant, compared with herbicidal compositions comprising adjuvants known and used at the prescribed dose. The ARCHIPEL® herbicide composition (Syngenta Agro AG, Dielsdorf, Switzerland) comprises 7.5 g / L of iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium, 7.5 g / L of mesosulfuron-methyl, 2.42% of safener and 22, 5 g / L of Mefenpyrimethyl. Adjuvant reference A is a commercial adjuvant. Formulated compositions comprising the following adjuvants are tested: adjuvant J is a composition comprising a glycerol carbonic ester and glycerol mono-undecylenate; adjuvant K is a composition comprising a glycerol carbonic ester and glycerol mono-heptanoate; adjuvant L is a glycerol carbonic ester of formula (VIII) in which R1 is a methyl (of ECG-C2); Adjuvant M is a composition comprising a glycerol carbonate oligomer; adjuvant N is a composition comprising an oligomer (OECGC18) obtained by reaction / oligomerization of ECG-C18 catalyzed by zinc sulphate. The herbicidal formulation is applied to a winter wheat crop with 50 ryegrass / m2 plants and 150 liters per hectare. The results are given in Table 11 below.

3025698 49 Weedkiller Adjuvant Adjuvant dose, Efficiency L / ha Reference A 1 68% Adjuvant J 0.15 70% Adjuvant K 0.15 66% Adjuvant L 0.15 60% Adjuvant M 0.15 65% Adjuvant N 0.15 70 Table 11 Adjuvants J, K, L, M and N according to the invention make it possible to obtain herbicidal efficacy against Ray-Grass of the same order of magnitude as the herbicidal efficacy obtained with the reference A ( 68%), but with a lower adjuvant dose (0.15%) at the adjuvant dose (1%) of the reference. EXAMPLE 20 Use of glycerol carbonic esters as an adjuvant of a herbicidal composition (LAUDIS WG / EMBLEME / ACCENT 75 WG) with respect to corn weeds. A comparative study of weed-killing properties on weeds (ryegrass) of winter wheat of herbicidal compositions according to the invention comprising a glycerol carbonic ester as an adjuvant (adjuvant O with adjuvant Z), by relative to herbicidal compositions comprising adjuvants known and used at the prescribed dose. The herbicidal composition is a mixture of LAUDIS WG (BAYER CROPSCIENCE FRANCE SAS, Lyon, France) of EMBLEM® (Nufarm SA, Gennevilliers, France) and ACCENT 75WG (DUPONT SOLUTIONS SAS, Puteaux, France) comprises tembotrione (200 g / kg), bromoxynil octanoate (20%) and nicosulfuron (750 g / kg). The effectiveness of the adjuvant compositions (adjuvant O with adjuvant Z) applied at a rate of 0.75 L / ha is compared with the adjuvant efficacy of a known composition (ACTIROB B, Novance SAS, Compiegne, France) applied to its concentration (1 L / ha) of approval corresponding to 842 grams of esterified rapeseed oil applied per hectare of culture. The herbicide compositions LAUDIS® WG, EMBLEM® and ACCENT® 75 WG are used at their homologation concentrations and at a concentration below their homologation concentrations as given in Table 12 below. Approval Rate Low Dose LAUDIS® WG 0.5 Kg / ha 0.15 Kg / ha LEM ® EMB 1.5 Kg / ha 0.8 Kg / ha ACCENT® 75 WG 0.08 Kg / ha 0.032 Kg / ha Table 12 The adjuvants according to the invention tested are the following formulated compositions: adjuvant O is a composition comprising; 30 30% (w / w) of C 11 glycerol ester carbonate oligomer (OECG-C 1 Li) obtained by oligomerization of ECG-C 11a, and; 16% (w / w) glycerol, and; ^ 6% (w / w) monolaurate, and; ^ 6% (w / w) lecithin, and; 42% water; adjuvant P is a composition comprising; 29.5% (w / w) of C7 glycerol carbonate carbonate oligomer (OECG-C7), and; 16.4% (w / w) glycerol; 6.4% (w / w) glycerol monolaurate; 6.4% (w / w) lecithin, and; 20 ^ 41.66% water; adjuvant Q is a composition comprising; 30 30% (w / w) of C2 glycerol carbonate oligomer (OECG-C2) obtained by oligomerization of ECG-C2, and; 16% (w / w) of glycerol, and; 25 ^ 6% (w / w) glycerol monolaurate, and; ^ 6% (w / w) lecithin, and; 42% water; Adjuvant R is a composition comprising; 30 30% (w / w) nonanoylated glycerol carbonate (ECG-C9), and; 16% (w / w) of glycerol, and; ^ 6% (w / w) glycerol monolaurate, and; 5 ^ 6% (w / w) lecithin, and; 42% water; adjuvant S is a composition comprising; 30 30% (w / w) of C9 glycerol carbonate carbonate oligomer (OECG-C9) obtained by oligomerization of ECG-C9, and; 16% (w / w) glycerol, and; ^ 6% (w / w) glycerol monolaurate, and; ^ 6% (w / w) lecithin, and; 42% water; adjuvant T is a composition comprising; 15-30% (w / w) of undecylenylated glycerol carbonate (ECG-Cita), and; 16% (w / w) of glycerol, and; ^ 6% (w / w) glycerol monolaurate, and; ^ 6% (w / w) lecithin, and; 20 ^ 42% water; adjuvant U is a composition comprising; 30 30% (w / w) C7 glycerol carbonate (ECG-C7), and; 16% (w / w) of glycerol, and; ^ 6% (w / w) glycerol monolaurate, and; 25 ^ 6% (w / w) lecithin, and; 42% water; adjuvant V is a composition comprising; 30 30% (w / w) of C7 glycerol carbonate carbonate oligomer (OECG-C7), and; 30 ^ 16% (w / w) glycerol, and; ^ 6% (w / w) glycerol monolaurate, and; 50% (m / m) of lecithin, and; 42% water; adjuvant W is a composition comprising; 30 30% (w / w) of C18: 1 (ECG-C18: 1) glycerol carbonate, and; 16% (w / w) of glycerol, and; ^ 6% (w / w) glycerol monolaurate, and; ^ 6% (w / w) lecithin, and; 42% water; Adjuvant X is a composition comprising; 30 30% (w / w) of C18: 1 glycerol carbonate carbonate oligomer (OECG-C18: 1) obtained by oligomerization of ECG-C18: 1, and; 16% (w / w) of glycerol, and; ^ 6% (w / w) glycerol monolaurate, and; 15.6% (w / w) of lecithin, and; 42% water; adjuvant Y is a composition comprising; 30 30% (w / w) glycerol carbonate acetate (ECG-C2), and; 16% (w / w) of glycerol, and; 20 ^ 6% (w / w) glycerol monolaurate, and; ^ 6% (w / w) lecithin, and; 42% water; adjuvant Z is a composition comprising; 30 30% (w / w) of glycerol carbonate, and; 25 ^ 16% (w / w) glycerol, and; ^ 6% (w / w) of glycerol laurate, and; ^ 6% (w / w) lecithin, and; 42% water. An adjuvant ("Control") comprising 72% water, 16% glycerol, 6% glycerol monolaurate and 6% lecithin was prepared and tested as a glycerol carbonic ester-free control.

3025698 53 Corn is sown in the open field. A weeding treatment is then carried out by application of CALIBRA herbicide at the rate of 3 L / ha so as to carry out the subsequent tests under post-emergence conditions. The application of the weeding compositions is carried out by means of an air sprayer when the maize plants are in the "4 developed leaf" stage. Each herbicide composition is applied at the rate of 150 L of composition per hectare (150 L / ha). Aagallis sp., Mercurialis annua, Fallopia convolvulus and Rubus sp at day of treatment (JAT 0), 9 days after treatment (JAT 9), 23 days after treatment (JAT 23) and 44 days were analyzed visually for evolution. After treatment (JAT44). 1) Herbicide activity against Anagallis sp. The results recorded in terms of herbicidal efficacy at 9 days (JAT 9) and 23 days (JAT 23) are given in Tables 13 and 14 below. Herbicide Adjuvant Efficacy, Efficacy, JAT 9 JAT 23 Nature Dose Nature Dose LAUDIS®WG EMBLEM® ACCENT®75 WG 0.5 Kg / ha none 0 95% 100% 1.5 Kg / ha 0.08 Kg / ha LAUDIS®WG EMBLEM® ACCENT®75 WG 0.15 Kg / ha 0.8 Kg / ha 0.032 Kg / ha none 0 90% 100% Control 0.75 L / ha 91.7% 100% ACTIROB B 1 L / ha 95% 100 % Adjuvant P 0.75 L / ha 95% 100% Adjuvant Q 0.75 L / ha 95% 100% Adjuvant S 0.75 L / ha 95% 100% Adjuvant T 0.75 L / ha 95% 100% Table The adjuvants P, Q, S and T according to the invention are, on JAT 9 and JAT 23, equivalent to ACTIROB B but for a reduced adjuvant dose (0.75 L / ha) compared to ACTIROB B (1 L / ha).

3025698 54 Herbicide Adjuvant Efficacy, Efficacy, JAT 9 JAT 23 Nature Dose Nature Dose LAUDIS®WG EMBLEM® ACCENT®75 WG 0.5 Kg / ha none 0 96.7% 100% 1.5 Kg / ha 0.08 Kg / ha ha LAUDIS®WG EMBLEM® ACCENT®75 WG 0.15 Kg / ha 0.8 Kg / ha 0.032 Kg / ha none 0 91.7% 100% Control 0.75 L / ha 95% 100% ACTIROB B 1 L / ha ha 90% 100% Adjuvant U 0.75 L / ha 95% 100% Adjuvant V 0.75 L / ha 93.3% 100% Adjuvant W 0.75 L / ha 95% 100% Adjuvant X 0.75 L / ha ha 95% 100% Adjuvant Y 0.75 L / ha 93.3% 100% Adjuvant Z 0.75 L / ha 93.3% 100% Table 14 Adjuvants U, V, W, X, Y, Z JAT 9, JAT 23 and JAT 44 (not shown) are equivalent to ACTIROB B but for a reduced adjuvant dose (0.75 L / ha) compared to ACTIROB B (1 L /Ha). 2) Herbicide activity against Mercurialis annua The results recorded in terms of herbicidal efficacy on Mercurialis annua at 9 days (JAT 9) after treatment are given in Tables 15 and 16 below. Herbicide Adjuvant Efficacy, Efficacy, JAT 9 JAT 44 Nature Dose Nature Dose LAUDIS®WG EMBLEM® ACCENT®75 WG 0.5 Kg / ha none 0 95% 79.8% 1.5 Kg / ha 0.08 Kg / ha LAUDIS ®WG EMBLEM® ACCENT®75 WG 0.15 Kg / ha 0.8 Kg / ha 0.032 Kg / ha none 0 93.3% 77.4% Control 0.75 L / ha 93.3% 76.7% ACTIROB B 1 L / ha 93.3% 77.1% Adjuvant 0 0.75 L / ha 90% 81.6% Adjuvant Q 0.75 L / ha 95% 75.5% Adjuvant R 0.75 L / ha 95 % 79.8% Table 15 The adjuvants Q and R according to the invention are, at JAT 9, greater than ACTIROB B for a reduced dose of adjuvants Q and R according to the invention 3025698 (0.75 L). ha) compared to ACTIROB B (1 L / ha). The adjuvants O and R according to the invention are, at JAT 44, greater than ACTIROB B for a dose of adjuvants O and R according to the invention reduced (0.75 L / ha) relative to ACTIROB B (1 L / ha) Herbicide Adjuvant Efficacy, JAT 9 Nature Dose Nature Dose LAUDIS®WG EMBLEM® 0.5 Kg / ha none 0 95% ACCENT®75 WG 1.5 Kg / ha 0.08 Kg / ha LAUDIS®WG EMBLEM® 0.15 Kg / ha 0.8 Kg / ha 0.032 Kg / ha none 0 93.3% ACCENT®75 WG Control 0.75 L / ha 93.3% ACTIROB B 1 L / ha 93.3% Adjuvant W 0.75 L / ha ha 95% Adjuvant X 0.75 L / ha 95% Table 16 The adjuvants W and X according to the invention are superior to ACTIROB B for a dose of adjuvants W and X according to the reduced invention (0.75 L / ha) compared to ACTIROB B (1 L / ha). 3) Herbicide activity against Fallopia convolvulus The results recorded in terms of herbicidal efficacy at 9 days (JAT 9) and 23 days (JAT 23) after treatment are given in Tables 17 and 18 below. Herbicide Adjuvant Efficacy, Efficacy, JAT 9 JAT 23 Nature Dose Nature LAUDIS®WG EMBLEM® ACCENT®75 WG 0.5 Kg / ha none 0 96.67% 88.9% 1.5 Kg / ha 0.08 Kg / ha ha LAUDIS®WG EMBLEM® ACCENT 75 WG 0.15 Kg / ha 0.8 Kg / ha 0.032 Kg / ha none 0 81.67% 60.7% Control 0.75 L / ha 96.67% 80.3 % ACTIROB B 1 L / ha 96.67% 96.0% Adjuvant 0 0.75 L / ha 96.67% 91.2% Adjuvant P 0.75 L / ha 96.67% 89.7% Adjuvant Q 0 , 75 L / ha 96.67% 97.7% Adjuvant S 0.75 L / ha 100% 93.6% Adjuvant T 0.75 L / ha 96.67% 91.7% Table 17 AT 9 Adjuvant S according to the invention is superior to the ACTIROB B control with a reduced adjuvant dose (0.75 L / ha) compared to the ACTIROB B control (1 L / ha). At JAT 23, adjuvant Q according to the invention is superior to ACTIROB B with a reduced adjuvant dose (0.75 L / ha) compared to ACTIROB B (1 L / ha). Herbicide Adjuvant Effectiveness, Efficacy, JAT 9 JAT 23 Nature Dose Nature Dose LAUDIS®WG EMBLEM® ACCENT®75 WG 0.5 Kg / ha none 0 96.7% 95.9% 1.5 Kg / ha 0.08 Kg / ha ha LAUDIS®WG EMBLEM® ACCENT®75 WG 0.15 Kg / ha 0.8 Kg / ha 0.032 Kg / ha none 0 86.7% 86.9% Control 0.75 L / ha 86.7% 88.4 % ACTIROB B 1 L / ha 90% 96.2% Adjuvant U 0.75 L / ha 86.7% 96.8% Adjuvant V 0.75 L / ha 93.3% 84.8% Adjuvant W 0.75 L / ha 96, 7% 98.6% Adjuvant X 0.75 L / ha 96.7% 94.6% Table 18 5 At JAT 9, the adjuvants V, W and X according to the invention are greater than ACTIROB B with a reduced dose (0.75 L / ha) compared to ACTIROB B (1 L / ha). At JAT 23, adjuvants U, W and X according to the invention are equivalent to ACTIROB B, but for a reduced adjuvant dose (0.75 L / ha) compared to ACTIROB B control (1 L / ha ). 4) Herbicide activity against Rubus sp The results recorded in terms of herbicidal efficacy at 23 days (JAT 23) and at 44 days (JAT 44) after treatment are given in Tables 19 and 20 below.

3025698 57 Herbicide Adjuvant Efficacy, Efficacy, JAT 23 JAT 44 Nature Dose Nature Dose LAUDIS®WG EMBLEM® ACCENT®75 WG 0.5 Kg / ha none 0 92.7% 80.7% 1.5 Kg / ha 0.08 Kg / ha LAUDIS®WG EMBLEM® ACCENT®75 WG 0.15 Kg / ha 0.8 Kg / ha 0.032 Kg / ha none 0 38.8% 58.9% Control 0.75 L / ha 47.6% 71 , 4% ACTIROB B 1 L / ha 42.9% 84.4% Adjuvant 0 0.75 L / ha 69.2% 82.7% Adjuvant P 0.75 L / ha 81.6% 90.3% Adjuvant Q 0.75 L / ha 68.2% 95.9% Adjuvant R 0.75 L / ha 87.6% 93.7% Adjuvant S 0.75 L / ha 76.4% 89.4% Adjuvant T 0 , 75 L / ha 60.1% 79.9% Table 19 The adjuvants O, P, Q, R, S and T according to the invention are-especially at JAT 23- higher than ACTIROB B, and with one dose reduced adjuvant (0.75 L / ha) compared to ACTIROB B control (1 L / ha). Herbicide Adjuvant Efficacy, Efficacy, JAT 9 JAT 23 Nature Dose Nature Dose LAUDIS®WG EMBLEM® ACCENT®75 WG 0.5 Kg / ha none 0 60% 68.8% 1.5 Kg / ha 0.08 Kg / ha LAUDIS ®WG EMBLEM® ACCENT®75 WG 0.15 Kg / ha 0.8 Kg / ha 0.032 Kg / ha none 0 60% 93.4% Control 0.75 L / ha 63.3% 82.6% ACTIROB B 1 L / ha 56.7% 86.8% Adjuvant U 0.75 L / ha 60% 96.8% Adjuvant V 0.75 L / ha 66.7% 68.2% Adjuvant W 0.75 L / ha 75 % 91.1% Adjuvant X 0.75 L / ha 70% 87.6% Table 20 Adjuvants V, W and X according to the invention are, at JAT 9, greater than ACTIROB B, with a dose of reduced adjuvant (0.75 L / ha) compared to ACTIROB B control (1 L / ha). The adjuvant U according to the invention is, on JAT 23, higher than ACTIROB B, with a reduced adjuvant dose (0.75 L / ha) compared to ACTIROB B control (1 L / ha). . It goes without saying that the invention can be the subject of many variants and applications. Of course, this description and these examples are given by way of illustrative examples only and the person skilled in the art will be able to make numerous modifications, variants and applications without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (1)

CLAIMS1 / A method of treating plants in which at least one glycerol carbonic ester comprising at least one ester function 5 formed between a group derived from carbonic acid and at least one ester function 5 is applied to aerial parts, especially on the leaves, of said plants. a group derived from glycerol, characterized in that at least one phytopharmaceutical substance chosen from the group consisting of fungicidal substances, fungistatic substances, bactericidal substances, bacteriostatic substances, insecticidal substances, acaricidal substances, herbicidal substances, parasiticidal substances, nematicide and rodenticidal substances, taupicidal substances, corvifuge substances, corvicidal substances, molluscicidal substances, repellent substances for birds and game, said plant protection substance being distinct from each carbonaceous ester; of glycerol. 2. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one glycerol carbonic ester is the five-membered cyclic glycerol carbonate of the following formula (I): ## STR2 ## 3 / A method according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one glycerol carbonic ester is a six-membered cyclic glycerol carbonate of formula (II) below: 0 0 <0 (II). 4 / A method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least one glycerol carbonic ester is selected from the group consisting of linear carboxy esters of glycerol having at least one group of atoms of formula (III ) in which: -OC-O-G 2 O 0 Go is selected from the group consisting of: - propyl groups α / α'-oxyacyls of the following general formula (IV): (IV) ; 13-oxyacyl propyl groups of the following general formula (V): ???????? CHFCH-CH (v); the ake-hydroxylated propyl group of the following formula (VI): H 2 C -OH-CH FFI- (VI); the propyl-13-hydroxyl group of formula (VII) below: OH-CHTCH-CH (VII); wherein R 1 and R 2 are organic groups consisting of members selected from the group consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O). 5 / A method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least one glycerol carbonic ester is a cyclic carbonic ester of glycerol α / α'-acyl of the following general formula (VIII): 0 H2C-0 ## STR1 ## wherein R 1 is CH 2 OHO (VIII); wherein R1 is an organic group consisting of elements selected from the group consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O). 6. Process according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that at least one glycerol carbonic ester is a 13-acylated cyclic glycerol ester of the following general formula (IX): ## STR2 ## (IX); Wherein R2 is an organic group consisting of elements selected from the group consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O). 7 / A method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least one glycerol carbonic ester is selected from the group consisting of linear acylated glycerol linear esters of general formula (X): M2 OC 01G2 0 02 It n O (XI) in which; x is an integer equal to 0 or 1 which may vary in the formula (XI) according to each group of formula (XI-a): C 0j-G 0 H x 2 0 (XI-a), x not being not always nil; - n is an integer between 1 and 20 inclusive; Q2 is chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen (H) and organic groups formed by at least two atoms linked by covalent bonds, said atoms belonging to the group formed by carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (0), and; M2 represents an organic group formed by at least two atoms linked by covalent bonds, said atoms belonging to the group formed by carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O), and G 2 represents a group of atoms selected from the group consisting of: propyl α / α'-oxyacyl groups of general formula (VI), and 13-oxyacyl propyl groups of general formula (VII). 8 / A method according to claim 7, characterized in that the linear carbonic acid ester of glycerol α /''-acylé of general formula (XI) has a molar mass greater than 400 g / mol. 9 / A method according to one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that R1 and R2 are aliphatic hydrocarbon groups comprising from 1 to 25 carbon atoms. 10 / A method according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the phytopharmaceutical composition is applied in contact with the aerial parts of plants at any stage of their development or growth. 11 / A method according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the phytopharmaceutical composition is applied in contact with a plant selected from the group consisting of fruit trees, ornamental trees and shrubs, vegetable plants, cereals, various floral cultures and aromatic plants. 12 / A method according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the phytopharmaceutical substance is selected from the group consisting of a microorganism, all or part of a microorganism. 13 / composition comprising: at least one glycerol carbonic ester comprising at least one ester function formed between a group derived from carbonic acid and at least one group derived from glycerol, and; at least one phytopharmaceutical substance selected from group 5 consisting of fungicidal substances, fungistatic substances, bactericidal substances, bacteriostatic substances, insecticidal substances, acaricidal substances, herbicidal substances, parasiticidal substances, nematicidal substances and substances. rodenticides, taupicidal substances, corvifuge substances, corvicidal substances, molluscicidal substances, repellent substances of birds and game, said phytopharmaceutical substance being distinct from each carboxy ester of glycerol. 14 / Uses of a composition according to claim 13 in application on plants.