FR3087286A1 - OPTIMIZATION OF ELECTRICAL POWER SHARING IN THE CONTEXT OF COLLECTIVE SELF-CONSUMPTION AND SELF-PRODUCTION - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a self-regulation implemented by a management server connected to at least one equipment programmed to be put into service and to consume electricity selectively over predetermined periods of time. This equipment is connected to an electrical installation to which is also connected an autonomous means of electrical production. For an instant chosen outside one of these predetermined time periods: - an overall consumption of electricity is estimated in the installation, and an electrical production supplied by the autonomous means, - the overall consumption is compared to the electric production supplied by the autonomous means to determine whether the overall consumption is lower than the electric production supplied by the autonomous means, - and, at least as a function of this comparison, the equipment is piloted for forced commissioning from the moment chosen above.

Description

OPTIMIZATION OF AN ELECTRICAL POWER SHARING IN CONTEXT

SELF-CONSUMPTION AND SELF-PRODUCTION

The invention relates to the field of electrical energy distribution in particular in a context of collective self-consumption.

A decree published on April 30, 2017 authorizes T collective self-consumption of photovoltaic electricity in France. Sharing solar production of electricity between the inhabitants of a building or between neighboring buildings, rather than selling it entirely on the grid (as it is now), may thus be possible. Today, most of the tests are limited to sub-metering to distinguish the share from locally produced energy from that drawn from the grid. We can implement the control of a stationary battery with the objective of maximizing T overall self-consumption.

However, in certain cases, it is important to take into account additional rules to select the controlled uses. For example :

- to allow users who consume little during the day to access local renewable electricity anyway,

- to avoid an increase in withdrawal from the general distribution network (and incidentally an increase in billing for user consumption),

- to tend towards a predefined distribution key (strictly egalitarian or in proportion to the initial investment of each in a common photovoltaic installation, the bonuses of a condominium, or other) applied to the renewable energy produced, in surplus or even the gain on electricity billing.

These additional rules can be decisive in gaining the support of users for a collective self-consumption project, in particular in a condominium.

However, the regulatory framework requires carrying out the balances at half-hourly intervals to calculate the supplement that the usual supplier may have to provide, this complement being necessarily positive or zero at each measurement step. Failure to implement "net metering" in France (or "net metering": service provided by an electricity supplier to a consumer, allowing him to partially offset his electricity consumption billed by the production of an installation that it operates on its consumption site) and the finesse of the chosen step induce significant differences between

«“ Contractual ”and target self-consumption. In fact, the network does not act as storage, therefore the excess photovoltaic energy injected at an instant t cannot be deduced from a withdrawal at an instant t + dt.

The present invention improves this situation.

To this end, it proposes a method implemented by computer means of a management server connected to at least one piece of equipment programmed to be put into service and to consume electricity selectively over predetermined periods of time, said equipment being connected to an electrical installation to which is also connected an autonomous means of electrical production, process in which, for a selected instant outside one of said predetermined time periods:

- we estimate an overall consumption of electricity in the installation, and an electric production supplied by the autonomous means,

- it is determined whether the overall consumption is less than the electrical production supplied by the autonomous means,

- and, in this case, the equipment is piloted for forced commissioning from said selected instant.

The “predetermined time periods” are typically here off-peak hours for example, or more generally periods (also called “stations”) during which it is preferred that the consumer equipment is in service, possibly for economic reasons and in particular for off-peak billing, but more generally to avoid excessive peaks in electricity production demand for the supplier entity which usually supplies the distribution network. More generally still, the term "equipment programmed to be put into service" means that it is intended that the equipment is put into service at a time within a predetermined time period (manually or automatically). For example for a radiator, if a current measured temperature falls below a threshold, the radiator can be "programmed" to start consuming from such a measurement.

The aforementioned chosen items of equipment may be eligible items of equipment such as, for example, a domestic hot water tank, or radiators, of which a delay or an advance in starting, taking into account a usual thermal inertia, have little impact on comfort of the installation user. It can also be a washing machine or the like, the commissioning of which can be delayed, for example from a few tens of minutes to a few hours.

Thus, the "chosen" instant can be a current, current, or future instant. It is indeed possible to anticipate a future total consumption of the installation (typically based on a study of the usual load curve) and to estimate a future production of the autonomous means of production (based for example on averages and / or on meteorological records).

Indeed, the autonomous means of electric production can be for example one or more photovoltaic panels and / or one or more wind turbines, with therefore a production depending on weather conditions.

In another embodiment, for an instant chosen in one of said predetermined time periods:

- the overall consumption is compared to the electrical production supplied by the autonomous means to determine whether the overall consumption is greater than the electrical production supplied by the autonomous means,

- And, depending at least on said comparison, the equipment is piloted for a forced shutdown from said selected instant.

Thus, in such an embodiment, if the overall consumption is greater than an electrical production supplied by the autonomous means and during said regular time periods, it is possible to defer the commissioning of the equipment outside of said regular time periods, for that the equipment preferably consumes a subsequent surplus of production by the autonomous means.

In a context of excess production to be distributed, it can be provided in one embodiment, that the management server is connected to a plurality of equipment programmed to be put into service and to selectively consume electricity over said predetermined periods of time. , the equipment being connected to at least one electrical installation to which is also connected the autonomous means of electrical production. For an instant chosen outside one of said predetermined time periods:

- among the plurality of devices, the devices which have been switched off for more than one anti-short cycle shutdown of each device are identified, and

- the equipment thus identified is put into service successively, by verifying that a load power Pcharge consumed by the commissioning of an equipment, multiplied by an activation threshold chosen threshold_on, remains less than a parameter denoted “injection” , as following :

Pcharge * threshold_on <injection the “injection” parameter corresponding to an excess of electrical production by the autonomous means, to be injected into a general electrical distribution network.

In this embodiment, the activation threshold chosen threshold_on can be between 0.3 and

1.1.

It can also be verified that an electrical power available for the installation (typically the subscription subscription power of this installation, in practice), relative to an electrical power during consumption, remains greater than at least said charging power. Pcharge, to prevent a risk of disjunction (possibly by providing in addition a safety margin).

In a context of underproduction of the autonomous means and where the management server is connected to a plurality of equipment chosen and programmed to be put into service and to consume electricity selectively over said predetermined periods of time, said equipment being connected at least one electrical installation to which is also connected the autonomous means of electrical production, it is possible, reversibly, to provide for an instant chosen in one of said predetermined time periods:

to identify, among said plurality of selected items of equipment, items of equipment which have been in service for more than one anti-short cycle of operation of each item of equipment, and

- successively shutting down the equipment thus identified, checking that a reduction in load power Pcharge corresponding to the shutdown of equipment that can be deactivated, multiplied by a deactivation threshold chosen threshold_off, remains less than a parameter denoted “flow”, as follows:

Pcharge * threshold_off <flow the "flow" parameter corresponding to an excess of electrical consumption by said at least one electrical installation, to be drawn from a general electrical distribution network.

Preferably, the equipment thus deactivatable is chosen from equipment such as domestic hot water tanks, radiators, batteries to be charged, etc. On the other hand, it may of course be preferred not to interrupt a cycle of equipment such as a washing machine, or the like.

The deactivation threshold chosen and denoted threshold_off above can typically be between 0.5 and 0.7.

In an embodiment where several installations are electrically connected to transmit, from an overproduction installation, a surplus of production to a consumption installation compared to its self-production (withdrawal from the general supply network), we account, over a period comprising a multiple days (for example a month), for each installation:

occurrences and durations of excess production transmitted to one or more other installations, and occurrences and durations of consumption requirement with one or more surpluses received from one or more other installations.

To do this, in a first embodiment, an estimated balance of production / consumption is estimated for each installation k, by:

- calculation (S30) of a collective self-production rate defined by:

install p.

^ clients ^L k = i with Pj i a production by an autonomous means j at an instant i,

Ck.i a consumption of an installation k at time i,

- calculation (S31) of real self-production such as:

INCP _r e _{e k} = Ck do i _r ^x BFT tei _t,

- calculating (S32) a target self as APC _ciblek DS _i = _k * min (C _{k> i,} Σ ^ Τ ^'11 Pj.t), with DSk a right to extract the electric power by the installation k,

- calculation (S33) of difference between said real and target self-productions:

balance _k = balance _k + APC_real _ki - APC_target _ki

Alternatively, the following treatment can be provided:

- in the event of excess production, the installations benefit from 100% self-production, and

APC_real _ki = C _ki

Kclients

APC_target _ki = DS _k * C _ki k = l

- in case of production shortage:

- the facilities are sorted by increasing sales,

- we apply a regularization of the installation balances by:

APC_real _ki = min (Ck, i, ^tal1 Pj, i - ΣΪ = ι APC_real _ki , max (0,

Σ ^ Τ ^α11 Ρ], ί * ^DS k- soldek, ii)))

- a residue ^ mstau - Σ ^ ¹ ^ ⁵ APC_réellen is successively divided between a number of installations which have a self-production rate of less than 100%, this number being noted:

N customers _disp

- as long as this residue is greater than zero, then iteratively, we apply: APC_réelle _ki = min (Ck, i, APC_réelle _ki + ç ^^ taii p_ ^ clients AP _C _ré _e ll _e i'i) / N _cUentsdisp ), and

- an update of the number of installations that maintain a self-production rate of less than 100%.

The present invention also relates to a computer program comprising instructions for implementing the above method, when said instructions are executed by a processor of a processing circuit.

It also relates to a management server, comprising a processing circuit for the implementation of the above method.

Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will appear on reading the following embodiment examples and on examining the appended drawings in which:

FIG. 1 presents a possible architecture with a management server in a “backend” type architecture for the implementation of the above method,

FIG. 2 schematically illustrates an example of steps implemented to elect an item of equipment to be activated to take advantage of an overproduction of an autonomous means,

- Figure 3 schematically illustrates an example of steps implemented to elect equipment to deactivate,

FIG. 4 schematically illustrates an example of steps implemented to estimate a production / consumption balance of an installation connected to an autonomous production means,

- Figure 5 schematically illustrates a CT processing circuit of a server according to Figure 1.

In what follows, “self-consumption” means the share of consumption that is consumed globally in the installation and by “self-production” the share of production that is produced locally.

The invention proposes to solve all or part of the following problems:

- We are trying to distribute production within the community: in fact, the metering devices of the distribution network manager do not allow the part produced locally to be distinguished from the complement provided by the usual electricity producer supplying the network. It is therefore sought to provide these meters with the distribution key to be applied to the load curves recorded in steps of 30 minutes while ensuring that a kilowatt hour produced is not allocated simultaneously to several users and that the beneficiary user consumes at least this quantity at this time since the French network does not offer storage service;

- The allocation calculation should converge towards a contractual sharing rule: as examples of a sharing rule, we can provide for a sharing of production in equal parts, with identical billing reductions, or other;

- All production should be consumed locally: the surplus injected into the network is not or is little valued economically compared to self-consumption which reduces billing for users.

It is thus sought to synchronize consumption, on the one hand, and production, on the other hand, at a regular step, for example of time 30 minutes.

To this end, load control is used to maximize self-consumption, and in addition to converge - in a logic of best effort (or "best effort") - towards sharing rules.

One constraint is that the network is not configured to perform energy storage. Thus, if everything is not self-consumed, the surplus of local production must be reinjected into the network. A minimization of this reinjection is sought. Indeed, it economically represents a loss for self-consuming users because it is not necessarily bought by a third party, and if this is the case nevertheless, its price is less attractive than a local valuation usually corresponding to the retail price. .

The solution presented below proposes, in one embodiment, to “intelligently” deform the load curves by acting on the control of loads to converge towards an objective rule of production sharing.

This achievement plans to establish a dynamic prioritization of loads (electric balloons, washing machines, dishwashers, etc.) to activate / deactivate to maximize overall self-consumption according to dynamic criteria without increasing the amount of user invoices while respecting at best, in a logic of best effort, a sharing rule.

We can provide for this purpose a process implemented by computer means to select the controlled loads, after one or more sorting steps relating to eligibility criteria, and a last step relating to a priority criterion.

With reference to FIG. 2 for the eligibility of the equipment for forced commissioning, the first step S10 relates to the choice to carry out eligible activatable charges. This choice can first relate to the state of charge (On / Off) of the devices concerned. Here, we only retain loads whose setpoint is “device off” (Off).

A second criterion then relates to the appropriate DUR stop time (only for interruptible loads such as balloons or batteries) which may be theoretical, if there is no feedback on the actual state equipment. This value is reset to 0 each time the On / Off state changes and is initialized to a value greater than or equal to an anti-short ACCA stop cycle, for example every morning.

In fact, it is sought to avoid premature aging of the devices concerned, aging due to too frequent stresses. In the absence of two-way communication, an order can simply be sent, for example, from a management server to a terminal to which the devices are connected (typically a counter). After activating a load and switching it on, the operating time is increased. It is not necessary to provide feedback from the terminal or the device (since it is controlled remotely). You can then reset a clock counter (or "timer") to zero.

Thus, only the loads whose stop time is greater than the anti-short stop cycle of eligible equipment are retained in step S12.

In step S14, it is also possible to define a profitability criterion such that the power of the charges multiplied by the activation threshold remains less than the injection into the network: Pload * threshold_on <injection.

By way of illustration, if we pilot domestic hot water tanks naturally subject to off-peak tariff hours, we verify that the rate of solar coverage compensates for the possible price differential linked to the displacement of the load. If the load is switched on during peak hours, the residual withdrawal of electricity from the network (if the surplus is less than the load power demand) must not lead to an increase in billing intended for the user. One selects, by successive iterations, the loads whose power is lower than the surplus divided by the “threshold_on”, this “threshold_on” being typically comprised between 0.3 and 1.1. The higher the value of the activation threshold, the less the network is drawn off, but the less locally the surplus production is valued.

At step S16, if the load is retained as triggerable according to tests S10 to S14, it can also be verified that the level of power available relative to the subscribed power of the user's subscription (Psuscrite) to prevent a risk of disjunction (with a safety margin k_marge) is such that:

Psuscrit - Called (the power called)> Pcharge (+/-) k_marge, in order to avoid a disjunction during start-up.

At the end of this step S16, a list of all the activatable charges is obtained.

H is now described below an embodiment for the choice of eligible deactivable charges, with reference to FIG. 3.

In step S20, a choice can be made concerning the state (On / Off) of devices of the domestic hot water tank type. Here, only "On" charges are retained.

In step S22, a second criterion can be applied which also relates to the running time (only for interruptible loads such as balloons or batteries) which may be theoretical if there is no rise in information on the actual operating state of the equipment. This value is reset to 0 each time the state changes. We only retain loads whose running time is greater than Γ anti-short running cycle to avoid premature wear of this equipment.

In step S24, the profitability criterion can be defined as follows:

Load * threshold_off <flow.

This selects the loads whose operation results in too high a network draw-off likely to result in an increase in the user bill, that is to say the loads whose power is greater than the racking /reshold_off, threshold_off being typically between 0.5 and 0.7. The higher the value of the deactivation threshold, the more network withdrawal, but the more locally the surplus production is valued.

At the end of step S24, a list of all the disengageable charges is obtained.

We now describe an exemplary embodiment for the balance process (which aims at a final sorting on the eligible).

There are several ways to sort the balance below.

To improve the reactivity of the processing, a positive flow (network withdrawal) or negative flow (network injection) is compensated by the simultaneous deactivation / activation of multiple charges selected by successive iterations of steps S14 and S24. With a piloting step of a few seconds, it is preferable to compensate for a significant difference over several time steps to avoid creating variations in power demand of too large a magnitude.

In the event that a real-time feedback on the consumption of charges is available, it is possible to take into account the forecast impact of the activation / deactivation of charges on the absorption of a surplus. For example, activating a balloon that is already restarted during a period of off-peak meridian hours would not limit the injection. Conversely, deactivating a balloon which has reached its storage capacity and has already been stopped would not help to limit the withdrawal. It is therefore advisable to select one or more additional charge (s) without waiting for the next piloting time step.

This process is carried out repeatedly, for example every 30 minutes.

Regarding the periodic distribution between users of the same group, the following is recommended.

At the end of the period (typically 1 month), balances are updated using data from load curve (s) and production curves, with adjustment operations (for example by means of financial transactions) and reset of accumulations to zero. Users with a positive balance pay a contribution and those with a negative balance receive financial compensation. As far as possible, the cost must reflect the gains made related to possible differences in the routing, energy and taxes. If, despite the steering, a residual surplus has been reinjected into the network and sold to a third party, then the revenue can be totally or partially redistributed to producers in proportion to the productions Ρμ, or DSk rights to be withdrawn or deducted from the charges (depending on business models).

If the sharing relates to the surplus absorbed by the piloted loads, then it is necessary to replace the total consumption of electricity of the users (Ck, i) by the consumption of the piloted charges and the production Energy produced locally (Pj, û by the Energy surplus produced locally which corresponds to production minus natural consumption (excluding controlled loads). The metering data can come from user remote information from meters and / or independent sensors.

With reference to Figure 4, the calculation of the balances is detailed below, assuming that these are individual energy self-production objectives.

At each assessment time step (typically 10 or 30 minutes), the self-production rate defined by:

install p,,

TAPC_réek = min (lg ^{; t} ),

At _{fe = 1} ^G k, i with Pj i the production of photovoltaic system number j at time i

Ck.i consumption of user number k at time i

In step S31, at each balance time step, for each user, we calculate réelle real self-production such that:

APC_réelle _ki = C _ki x TAPC_réeli

In step S32, at each balance time step, for each user, we calculate Γ target self-production such that:

APC_cible _ki = DS _k * min (Σ ^ ^s C _kii , with DSk the right to extract from user k

In step S33, at each balance time step, for each user, the difference between the real and target self-productions is calculated:

balance _k = balance _k + APC_real _ki - APC_target _ki

In the event of surplus energy produced locally, the activation order of the activatable charges corresponds to the increasing balances. Conversely, in the event of a shortage of locally produced energy, the order to deactivate interruptible loads corresponds to decreasing balances.

The driving pace is ideally around a minute. To avoid excessive stress on the devices, it is preferable to carry out a sliding average of the resulting flux (typically over 10 minutes with an update every 30 seconds) in step S33, to take account of anti short-cycle on and off (typically 10 minutes for balloons) and activation and deactivation thresholds for piloted equipment. These correspond to a minimum solar coverage rate of the load that can be activated (injection greater than threshold_on * Pload) or deactivated (withdrawal greater than threshold_off * Pload). They depend on the selling price of photovoltaic energy, the selling price of electricity in progress and the selling price during the normal operating period of the equipment piloted, or even the storage efficiency.

For example, for an electric balloon controlled during off-peak hours (HC) which would be restarted during peak hours (HP) without loss of efficiency, we have:

prix_elec _HP - prix_elec _HC threshold _on = -----; ----------------; ------ prix_elec _HP - prix_pv

By analogous reasoning, prix_elec _HC - prix_pvreshold _of r ⁼ -; --- τ ----------; ---- ⁷⁷ prix_elec _HP - prix_pv

Depending on the measurement errors, the electrical powers from the installed photovoltaic and the controlled loads, it is appropriate to take an activation threshold (respectively deactivation) higher (respectively lower) than the theoretical values above. These thresholds can be calculated for each user, each use and each time step where one can use unique thresholds (per user and / or use and / or time step) which are the maximums / minimums of the subsets considered. . The threshold_off threshold can advantageously be greater than the threshold_on threshold to add a hysteresis effect and avoid a decision that would be potentially contradicted during the next driving time step.

Before activating a load, it should be checked whether the available power - difference between the subscribed power and the average power called - is much greater than that of the load plus a margin (typically 200W or 20%).

If these are individual savings targets on the bill, then the sale prices of electricity (supplier supplement and photovoltaic installations) must be included in the calculation of the balance sheets.

Thus, the gain realized by the user k at the instant i is worth: real gain k.j = real APC _k i * (price eleck.j - price pvi)

While the target gain is worth:

N clients gain_cible _ki = DS _k *

gain_réel _ki

And the accumulated balance:

solder = soIdcp ii + gain réek.j - gain_cible _k , i with

Σ / 2 ^staii prix_pvj * Pj i prix_pvt = ——N _install ----- ~ + prix_turpe _ki + prix_taxes _ki ,

Σ; = 1 ^P j, i the average price of the photovoltaic kilowatthour at time i, including the transmission tariff and taxes.

It is, of course, appropriate to use the price of electricity corresponding to the normal operation of the controlled load to assess the savings (for example, the off-peak rate for the consumption of controlled balloons) by calculating a self-production rate for the uses not piloted and another for the balloon, the first being primarily covered by the photo voltaic generation. The gains are in this case a sum of two terms calculated previously.

If this is an overall "opportunistic" objective of minimizing the sum of the bills, then in the event of surplus energy produced locally, the order of activation of the charges corresponds to the decreasing achievable gains. Conversely, in the event of a shortage of locally produced energy, the order to deactivate interruptible loads corresponds to the increasing gains made. A simple implementation consists in using the differentiated activation / deactivation thresholds and in adding this additional criterion in the sorting step, the loads having the lowest thresholds being priority. In the event of a tie, a final sorting can be done on the accumulation of self-consumed energy (at the perimeter of the total consumption of the user or only controlled loads) to "balance" access to energy production locally produced locally.

One can alternatively provide an allocation treatment of photovoltaic production which maximizes collective self-consumption: ACC = min (prod_pv, conso_totale) to assign to each a share equal to his right to extract (= target). The processing can proceed by iterations and take into account the cumulative deviations from the target (= balance) in the arbitration method.

If the production is surplus then everyone benefits from 100% self-production. Here :

APC_real _ki = C _ki

Kclients

APC_target _ki = DS _k * C _ki k = l

If, on the contrary, there is a shortage of production:

- the users are sorted by increasing balance (the most injured being priority),

- a regularization of the balances within the limits of user consumption and photovoltaic production is implemented,

APC_réelle _ki = min (C _k , i, ïïàn (^ ™ ^tal1 Pj, i - Σί = ι APC_réellek i, max (0, Σρ ^ ^α11 Pj, t * DSk - balance _kii _i)))

- the residue is successively divided between users who have a self-production rate of less than 100%, noted:

N customers _disp

As long as this residue is greater than zero, which is written:

^ Nmstall p. . _ ^ l ^ nts _Α ρρ.y _> Q, then

APC_réelle _ki = min (Ck, i, APC_réelle _ki + (Σρ ^ ^α11 Pj, î - APC_réelleii) / ^ clients disp) then update the list of available users and the number N _c i _{ients disp}

This algorithm can be used independently of the piloting of hot water cylinders, in any collective self-consumption operation.

In another variant, consumption forecasts can be used outside controlled uses and production. It is possible to prioritize the switching on of uninterruptible white equipment (for example a washing machine) in the face of a cumulus when the forecast surplus allows. Knowledge of the surplus crossed with an estimate of the storage capacity (for example by self-learning of an artificial intelligence) also makes it possible to adapt the activation and deactivation thresholds of the loads every day (for example, threshold_on> 1, on days when the surplus is much greater than the storage capacity to avoid involuntary racking).

This dynamic prioritization algorithm is well suited when it comes to distributing the production / surplus of a common installation of photovoltaic panels between self-producing or self-consuming users.

Figure 1 presents a possible architecture with a backend server for the implementation of the above method. As will be noted, there is no direct communication between the central managing server and the local gateways. In FIG. 1, the reference SER designates a server able to communicate:

- on the one hand, with a BD database listing the remotely controllable equipment (such as water heaters, batteries, radiators, etc.), and

- on the other hand, with a local PLP gateway of a CP production meter by an autonomous production means (such as photovoltaic panels or other), as well as with several other local PL gateways connected to DC consumption meters.

In the example of FIG. 1, there is provided an independent production means (connected to the production counter CP), as well as several consuming installations (each connected to a consumption counter CC) and capable of receiving the electrical power generated. by means of autonomous production.

Each DC consumption meter of an installation is also connected to a MOD energy management module, internal to the installation, and capable of activating or deactivating equipment, on the order of the SER backend server transiting via the PL gateways. . The SER server thus ensures the management of collective self-consumption in a system such as 5 represented in FIG. 1.

Illustrated in FIG. 5 is an example of a CT processing circuit of a SER server of FIG. 1, typically comprising:

- a COM communication interface to control the MOD modules via the 10 PL gateways, and receive the powers produced and consumed from the CP and CC meters,

- a PROC processor capable of implementing the above process on reception of the data of these powers produced and consumed, by interrogating the database BD on the activatable or deactivable equipment, and of issuing orders of deactivation / activation of these equipment to the gateways to which this equipment is connected,

a memory MEM for storing instructions of a computer program to implement the above method when these instructions are read by the processor PROC.

Claims (13)

1. Method implemented by computer means of a management server connected to at least one equipment programmed to be put into service and to consume electricity selectively over predetermined periods of time, said equipment being connected to an electrical installation to which is also connected an autonomous means of electrical production, process in which, for a selected instant outside one of said predetermined time periods: - we estimate an overall consumption of electricity in the installation, and an electric production provided by the autonomous means, - the overall consumption is compared to the electrical production supplied by the autonomous means to determine whether the overall consumption is lower than the electrical production supplied by the autonomous means, - And, depending at least on said comparison, the equipment is piloted for forced commissioning from said selected instant. 2. Method according to claim 1, in which further, for an instant chosen in one of said predetermined time periods: - the overall consumption is compared to the electrical production supplied by the autonomous means to determine whether the overall consumption is greater than the electrical production supplied by the autonomous means, - And, depending at least on said comparison, the equipment is piloted for a forced shutdown from said selected instant. 3. Method according to claim 1, wherein the management server is connected to a plurality of equipment programmed to be put into service and to consume electricity selectively over said predetermined periods of time, the equipment being connected to at least one electrical installation to which is also connected the autonomous means of electrical production, and in which, for an instant chosen outside one of said predetermined time periods: - among the plurality of devices, the devices which have been switched off (S 10) for more than one anti-short cycle for stopping each device (S 12) are identified, and - the equipment thus identified is put into service successively, by checking (S 14) that a load power Pcharge consumed by the commissioning of an equipment, multiplied by an activation threshold chosen threshold_on, remains less than a parameter noted “injection”, as follows: Pcharge * threshold_on <injection the “injection” parameter corresponding to an excess of electrical production by the autonomous means, to be injected into a general electrical distribution network. 4. Method according to claim 3, in which the activation threshold chosen threshold_on is between 0.3 and 1.1. 5. Method according to one of claims 3 and 4, wherein it is further verified (S 16) that an electrical power available for installation, relative to an electrical power during consumption, remains greater than at least said power of charge Pcharge, to prevent a risk of tripping. 6. Method according to claim 2, in which the management server is connected to a plurality of equipment chosen and programmed to be put into service and to consume electricity selectively over said predetermined periods of time, said equipment being connected to the minus an electrical installation to which is also connected the autonomous means of electrical production, and in which, for an instant chosen in one of said predetermined time periods: - among said plurality of selected items of equipment, equipment which has been in service (S20) for more than one anti-short cycle of operation of each item of equipment (S22) is identified, and the equipment thus identified is successively shutdown, by checking (S24) that a reduction in load power Pcharge corresponding to the shutdown of an equipment that can be deactivated, multiplied by a deactivation threshold chosen threshold_off, remains below a parameter denoted “flow”, as follows: Pcharge * threshold_off <flow the "flow" parameter corresponding to an excess of electrical consumption by said at least one electrical installation, to be drawn from a general electrical distribution network. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the equipment selected are from domestic hot water tanks, radiators, batteries to be charged. 8. Method according to one of claims 6 and 7, wherein the deactivation threshold chosen threshold_off is between 0.5 and 0.7. 9. Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which several installations are electrically connected to transmit, from an installation in overproduction, a surplus of production to an installation in consumption, and in which one accounts, over a given period, for each installation: - occurrences and durations of excess production transmitted to one or more other installations, and - occurrences and durations of consumption need with one or more surpluses received from one or more other installations. 10. The method of claim 9, in which an estimated balance of production / consumption is estimated for each installation k, by: - calculation (S30) of a collective self-production rate defined by: install p. Customers ± k = l ^C k, iJ with Pjj a production by an autonomous means j at an instant i, Ck.j consumption of an installation k at time i, - calculation (S31) of real self-production such as: APC _{u nd} not _ki = C _ki X TAPCréelÎ, - calculation (S32) of a target self-production such as: APC _targetki = DS _k * min (C _{k> i} , ^ ^Îal1 Pj.ù with DSk a right to draw electrical power by Γinstallation k, - calculation (S33) of difference between said real and target self-productions: balance _k = balance _k + APC_real _ki - APC_target _ki 11. The method according to claim 9, in which: - in the event of excess production, the installations benefit from a self-production of 100%, and APC_real _ki = C _ki APC_target _ki Kclients = DS _k * C _ki k = l with Pj i, a production by an autonomous means j at an instant i, Ck, i, a consumption of an installation k at time i, APC _r éeiie _kt , a real self-production of an installation k at time i, DSk, a right to draw electrical power through installation k, APC _C ibie _k target self-production of installation k at time i, - in case of production shortage: - the facilities are sorted by increasing sales, - we apply a regularization of the installation balances by: APC_réelle _ki = min (Ck, i, ^tal1 Pj _k - ΣΪ = ι APC_réelle _ki , max (0, ^ taii p.. _DSk _) _)} - a residue Pj _f - ^ f ^l ( ^ents APC_real _t j is successively distributed between a number of installations which have a self-production rate of less than 100%, this number being noted: N customers _disp - as long as this residue is greater than zero, then iteratively, we apply: APC_réelle _ki = min (Ck, i, APC_réelle _ki + ç ^^ taii p_ ^ clients AP _C _ré _e ll _e i'i) / N _cUentsdisp ), and - an update of the number of installations that maintain a self-production rate of less than 100%. 12. Computer program comprising instructions for implementing the method according to one of claims 1 to 11, when said instructions are executed by a processor of a processing circuit. 13. Management server, comprising a processing circuit for implementing the method according to one of claims 1 to 11.