FR3065471A1 - WORK COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE ARK AND ASSOCIATED MANUFACTURING METHOD - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a structure comprising at least one arch (10) comprising a first half-arch (55), a second half-arch (60) and a block (50) forming an arch key, a first foot (30) and a second foot (35). Each arch (10) includes at least one flexible link (20) extending along the first half-arch (55) from the first foot (30) to the arch key (50) and a link flexible member (25) extending along the second half-arch (60) from the second leg (35) to the arch key (50), each flexible link (20, 25) having a first end ( 80) attached to the corresponding foot (30, 35) of the arch (10) and a second end (85) attached to the arch key (50), each flexible link (20, 25) having a tension tending to bring the corresponding first or second foot (30, 35) of the arch key (50).

Description

(57) The invention relates to a structure comprising at least one arch (10) comprising a first half-arch (55), a second half-arch (60) and a block (50) forming an arch key, a first leg. (30) and a second leg (35).

Each arch (10) comprises at least one flexible link (20) extending along the first half-arch (55) from the first leg (30) to the arch key (50) and a link flexible (25) extending along the second half-arch (60) from the second leg (35) to the arch key (50), each flexible link (20, 25) having a first end ( 80) fixed to the corresponding foot (30, 35) of the arch (10) and a second end (85) fixed to the arch key (50), each flexible link (20, 25) having a tension tending to approximate the first or second leg (30, 35) corresponding to the arch key (50).

- · T '“H P V —Γ - 40 LJ K r? ³ ! ⁴ I —h -— P J- '

Work comprising at least one arch and associated manufacturing process

The present invention relates to a structure comprising at least one arch. The present invention also relates to an associated manufacturing method.

Structures with arches or vaults are used in a large number of circumstances in which it is desirable to support a structure situated in height such as a roof, or even to retain significant masses of earth as is the case for vaults or tunnel walls.

Such arches or vaults have been known for a very long time and are frequently manufactured from a set of prefabricated blocks, the assembly of which ensures good transmission of forces so that the arch or the vault is self-supporting and capable of playing its supporting role. or support. Once assembled, the blocks are held in place by their only weight. Thus, arched or semicircular structures have great strength and durability.

The manufacture of these structures generally requires the prior construction of support hangers on which the blocks are placed one after the other. Thus, the hanger (s) allow the blocks to be held in position before the arch or the vault is completed. Indeed, it is the assembly of all the blocks which ensures the stability of the structure, and if one or more blocks are missing or defective, the structure is generally not stable. Such a structure generally comprises a keystone or arch key, that is to say a block designed to be put in place last and whose implementation ensures the stability of the structure. The key is generally the highest block, that is to say the one that distributes the forces between the two halves of the structure.

However, the realization of arches or vaults of this type is complex and long, due to the time required to manufacture the hanger and the difficulty in placing the blocks on the hanger.

As a result, structures with arches or vaults are not suitable for the construction of temporary structures such as structures for protection against falling materials or movement of land.

The object of the invention is therefore to propose a structure comprising at least one arch, which is easier and faster to manufacture than the structures of the state of the art.

To this end, a structure is proposed comprising at least one arch having a lower surface and an upper surface, the arch comprising a first half-arch, a second half-arch and a block forming an arch key, the first half-arch comprising a first set of blocks and extending between the ark key and a first leg of the arch, the second half-arch comprising a second set of blocks and extending between the ark key and a second leg of the arch, the blocks of each arch being arranged along a single plane arc between the first leg and the second leg, each arch further comprising at least one first flexible link and at least one second flexible link, each first flexible link extending along the first half-arch from the first foot to the clef, each second flexible link extending along the second half-arch from the second foot to the clef, each first or second flexible link having a first end fixed to the corresponding first or second leg of the arch and a second end, each flexible link passing through the ark key block from a corresponding entry face of the ark key up to a corresponding exit face of the arch key, the second end of each flexible link extending out of the ark key through the corresponding exit face, the second end of each flexible link being fixed to the key d arch and each flexible link having a tension tending to bring the first or second corresponding foot closer to the ark key.

According to other advantageous but non-mandatory aspects of the invention, the work comprises one or more of the following characteristics, taken alone or in any technically possible combination:

- the outlet face is common to all flexible links.

- the common exit face forms part of the lower surface of the arch.

- the book includes at least two first flexible links and at least two second flexible links.

- each first or second flexible link is received in a conduit passing through each block of the corresponding first or second half-arch, each conduit extending along a clean line parallel to the lower surface and the upper surface of the arch.

- each flexible link is received in a groove made in the upper surface of the corresponding half-arch.

- The structure comprises a vault comprising at least two juxtaposed arches and aligned in a direction perpendicular to the plane arc of each of the arches.

- blocks of at least two juxtaposed arches are linked to each other by metal fastening elements.

- the feet of at least one arch are directly linked to each other by a metal cable or by a rigid frame.

- blocks of the same arch are fixed to each other by fixing elements located on the underside of the arch.

The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a structure comprising at least one arch having a lower surface and an upper surface, the method comprising steps of:

• arrangement on the ground of a first set of blocks, of a second set of blocks and of an arch key block along a template according to a plane arc to form an arch, the first set of blocks forming a first half-arch of the arch delimited by the ark key and by a first leg of the arch, the second set of blocks forming a second half-arch of the ark delimited by the ark key and by a second foot of the arch, • establishment of a first flexible link and a second flexible link, each flexible link having a first end and a second end, the first flexible link extending along the first half-arch from the first foot to the ark key and the second flexible link extending along the second half-arch from the second foot to the ark key, each flexible link crossing the block of an arch key from an entrance face corresponds ante of the ark key to a corresponding exit face of the ark key, the second end of each flexible link extending out of the ark key through the corresponding exit face, • fixing of the first end of each flexible link to the first or second corresponding foot of the arch, • pulling on the second end of each flexible link to press the blocks against each other, and • fixing the second end of each flexible link to the ark key. According to other advantageous but non-mandatory aspects of the invention, the method comprises one or more of the following characteristics, taken in isolation or in any technically possible combination:

- The method further comprises a step of erecting the arch implemented after the pulling step.

- during the positioning step, at least two first flexible links and at least two second flexible links are put in place, the second ends of one of the first flexible links and one of the second flexible links protruding from the underside of the ark key, the second ends of the other first flexible link and the other second flexible link protruding from the extrados of the ark key, and during the step of fixing the first end, the first end of each flexible link is fixed to the corresponding foot of the arch, the pulling step comprising:

• a traction, by a lifting device, on the flexible links protruding from the upper surface to erect the arch, and • a traction on the flexible links protruding from the lower surface to press the blocks against each other, the step of fixing the second end being implemented after the pulling step.

- The method further comprises a step of connecting the first leg to the second leg with a metal cable or with a rigid frame, the bonding step being implemented before the pulling step.

The characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of nonlimiting example and made with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an arch of a structure according to the invention, and

- Figure 2 is a perspective view of the structure of Figure 1.

A first example of an arch 10 is shown in FIG. 1.

The arch 10 comprises a plurality of blocks 15, at least a first flexible link 20 and at least a second flexible link 25. For example, the arch 10 comprises two first flexible links 20 and two second flexible links 25.

The arch 10 has a first leg 30, a second leg 35, a lower surface 40 and an upper surface 45. The arch 10 rests on the ground at its two legs 30 and 35. Each leg 30, 35 of the arch is formed by a block called the foot block. The lower surface 40 is the underside of the arch 10 when the arch 10 rests on the ground. In other words, the lower surface 40 is the inner face of the arch 10. The upper surface 45 is the upper face of the arch 10 when the arch 10 rests on the ground. In other words, the upper surface 45 is the outer face of the arch 10.

According to the example of FIG. 1, the arch 10 is a semicircular arch. A semicircular arch has a portion in the shape of a semicircle.

According to a variant not shown, the arch 10 is an arch in the form of a broken arc.

Each block 15 is, for example, a concrete block such as a reinforced concrete block. According to one embodiment, each block 15 comprises a container filled with concrete. The container is made of a metallic material such as steel. Concrete is, for example, concrete comprising inclusions of a polymer such as polystyrene. Alternatively, at least one container is filled with polymer foam, for example polyurethane foam. According to another variant, at least one container is filled with water or sand.

According to one embodiment, blocks 15 made of different materials are combined. In particular, at least one container has a lower compressive strength than the other blocks 15. For example, the arch 10 comprises blocks 15 each comprising a container filled with concrete and at least one block 15 comprising a container not filled with concrete or only partially filled with a material, for example concrete.

The plurality of blocks 15 comprises a first set of blocks 15, a second set of blocks 15 and a block 50 forming an ark key.

All the blocks 15, including the ark key 50, are arranged along a plane arc between the first foot 30 and the second foot 35. In other words, the blocks 15, 50 are aligned along the planar arc. A plane arc is a portion of a curve contained in a plane. When the arch 10 is supported on the ground by its two feet 30 and 35, the planar arc is substantially vertical.

Y and Z directions contained in the arc plane are shown in Figure 1. The Y and Z directions are perpendicular to each other. The Z direction is a vertical direction and the Y direction is a horizontal direction. A direction X, perpendicular to the two directions Y and Z, is also represented in FIG. 1. The direction X is therefore also perpendicular to the plane arc of the arch 10.

The first set of blocks 15 constitutes a first half-arch 55 of the arch 10. The first half-arch 55 is delimited by the first leg 30 and by the arch key 50. In other words, the first half -arch 55 extends between the first leg 30 and the ark key 50.

The second set of blocks 15 constitutes a second half-arch 60 of the arch 10. The second half-arch 60 is delimited by the second leg 35 and by the arch key 50. In other words, the second half -arch 60 extends between the second leg 35 and the arch key 50.

Each block 15, 50 is, for example, in the form of a prism. According to the example of FIG. 1, two blocks 15 respectively forming the feet 30, 35 of the arch 10 are in the form of a prism with a rectangular base, therefore parallelepiped. According to the example in FIG. 1, the other blocks 15, including the arch key 50, are in the form of a prism with a trapezoidal base. The smallest base of each prism forms part of the lower surface 40 of the arch 10. The largest base of each prism forms a part of the upper surface 45 of the arch 10.

It should be noted that the shape, the dimensions and the number of the blocks 15 can be modified to be adapted to a desired shape for the arch 10. For example, a plurality of blocks 15 of each half-arch 55, 60 are likely to be parallelepiped in certain embodiments.

According to one embodiment, each block 15, including the ark key 50, has a length, measured in the direction X, between 50 centimeters (cm) and 2 meters (m), and a thickness, measured between l '' upper surface 45 and lower surface 40, between 20 cm and 1 m.

The blocks 15 are, for example, fixed to each other by fixing elements 62. The fixing elements 62 are, for example, plates placed on the underside 40 of the arches 10 and fixed simultaneously to two adjacent blocks 15 of the arch 10. The plates are, for example, metal plates.

As a variant, the fastening elements 62 are metal clips fixed simultaneously to two contiguous blocks 15 of the arch 10.

The fastening elements 62 are, for example, received in corresponding cavities of the blocks 15 of the arch 10, the cavities then being filled with concrete.

Alternatively, the fastening elements 62 include a metal hanger.

The blocks 15 respectively forming the first foot 30 and the second foot 35 are directly linked to each other. In other words, the arch 10 comprises at least one connecting element 63 fixed to the first leg 30 and to the second leg 35.

The connecting element 63 is suitable for preventing a distance between the first foot 30 and the second foot 35 from exceeding a predetermined value. For example, the connecting element 63 is a metal cable. According to the embodiment of FIG. 1, the metal cable 63 is fixed to two rings 90 carried respectively by the first leg 30 and the second leg 35.

Alternatively, the connecting element 63 is a rigid frame. For example, the connecting element 63 is a metal part. According to one embodiment, the connecting element 63 is a horizontal plate fixed to the two feet 30, 35 of the arch 10.

The arch key 50 is the block 15 furthest from the ground when the arch 10 is supported on the ground by its two feet 30 and 35. According to the example in FIG. 1, the ark key 50 belongs to a plane of symmetry of the arch 10. In particular, the two half-arches 55 and 60 are symmetrical to each other with respect to the plane of symmetry.

According to the example of FIG. 1, the arch key 50 comprises a lifting ring 64.

Each of the first half-arch 55 and of the second half-arch 60 are crossed by at least one duct 65. For example, each of the first half-arch 55 and of the second half-arch 60 is crossed by two ducts 65 separate, of which only one is shown in Figure 1 for clarity.

The two conduits 65 of each half-arch 55, 60 are offset with respect to each other in the direction X. The offset between the two conduits of the same half-arch is, for example, between 20 percent (%) and 70% of the length of the block (15) considered.

Each conduit 65 is configured to accommodate a single flexible link 20, 25 corresponding.

Each conduit 65 passes through each block 15 of the corresponding half-arch 55, 60. In other words, each block 15 of the first and second half-steps 55, 60 is crossed by a portion of the corresponding conduit 65. Each conduit 65 is then formed by the meeting of the corresponding conduit portions.

It is understood by "crossing" that a conduit 65 or a portion of a conduit 65 connects two openings formed in one or two distinct faces of the same block 15, 50. In other words, the conduit 65 or the portion of conduit 65 opens out.

For example, each portion of conduit 65 opens onto two distinct faces from one another of the same block 15, 50. According to the example of FIG. 1, each portion of conduit 65 opens onto two opposite faces of the block 15 correspondent.

Each duct 65 extends along a clean line in each half-arch 55, 60 of arch 10.

For example, each conduit 65 has a circular section around the clean line. In other words, each section of duct 65 is in the form of a disc, the center of which belongs to the proper line of the duct 65 considered. Each conduit 65 has a diameter between 20 millimeters (mm) and 100 mm.

The clean line of each duct 65 is, for example, parallel to the lower surface 40 and to the upper surface 45 of the arch 10.

The clean line of each duct 65 is, for example, parallel to the plane arc of the arch 10. The clean line of each duct 65 is included in a plane perpendicular to the direction X.

According to the example of FIG. 1, each portion of conduit 65 of the blocks 15 of the two half-arches 55, 60 of the arch 10 are cylindrical with a circular base around the proper line.

Each conduit 65 passes, in addition, the arch key 50. For example, each conduit 65 passes through the arch key 50 from an entry face 70 of the ark key 50 to an exit face 75 of the arch key 50, the inlet face 70 being distinct from the outlet face 75.

The portion of each conduit 65 which passes through the ark key 50 is, for example, in the form of a torus portion.

The inlet face 70 of a conduit 65 is, for example, one of the non-parallel sides of the trapezoidal prism. The exit face 75 is, for example, the smallest of the bases of the prism. Thus, the outlet face 75 forms a part of the lower surface 40 of the arch.

According to one embodiment, the portions of conduit 65 formed in the arch key 50 have a common opening leading to the outlet face 75. The common opening is, for example, oval or oblong. According to a variant, each portion of conduit 65 formed in the arch key 50 has an opening, opening onto the outlet face 75, distinct from the other openings formed in the arch key 50.

According to the example in FIG. 1, the outlet face 75 is common for each conduit 65.

Each first flexible link 20 extends along the first half-arch 55 from the first leg 30 to the arch key 50. In particular, each first flexible link 20 passes through the arch key block 50 from an inlet face 70 to a corresponding outlet face 75.

Each second flexible link 25 extends along the second half-arch 60 from the second leg 35 to the arch key 50. In particular, each second flexible link 25 passes through the arch key block 50 from an inlet face 70 to a corresponding outlet face 75.

According to the embodiment of Figure 1, each flexible link 20, 25 is received in a corresponding conduit 65.

Each flexible link 20, 25 is a cable. For example, each flexible link 20, 25 is a metal cable.

As a variant, each flexible link 20, 25 is a chain.

According to one embodiment, each flexible link 20, 25 is made of steel.

Each first or second flexible link 20, 25 has a first end 80 and a second end 85.

The first end 80 of each flexible link 20, 25 is fixed to the first or second corresponding foot 30, 35 of the arch 10. For example, each first end 80 opens out of the block forming the corresponding foot 30 or 35 of the arch 10 and is fixed to an anchor point 90 carried by the first or second leg 30, 35 considered.

It should be noted that other methods of fixing the first ends 80 are conceivable. For example, the first ends 80 are capable of being sealed in the block forming the first or second leg 30, 35 corresponding to the arch 10. According to a variant, each first end 80 comprises a blocking member having a section greater than the section of the corresponding conduit 65 and allowing the fixing of the first end 80 to the corresponding foot 30 or 35 of the arch when a tension is applied to the flexible link 20, 25 considered. According to another variant, each first end 80 is fixed by a self-locking device to the first or second foot 30, 35 corresponding to the arch 10.

The second end 85 of each flexible link 20, 25 extends out of the arch key 50 through the corresponding exit face 75. Each second end 85 is fixed to the arch key 50. For example, each second end 85 is fixed to an anchor point 90 carried by the outlet face 75. As a variant, each second end 85 is fixed to the key arch 50 by a self-locking device.

It should be noted that different types of fasteners may be used to fix the first and second ends 80 and 85. For example, the self-locking device is a base, or a jaw. As a variant, other types of fastening without self-locking devices may be used. For example, the attachment point 90 is a ring.

Each flexible link 20, 25 has a tension tending to bring the first or second corresponding foot 30, 35 closer to the arch key 50. For example, traction is exerted on the second corresponding end 85 before the second end 85 is fixed at the clef key 50.

According to one embodiment, each flexible link 20, 25 comprises an energy dissipating device. An example of an energy dissipating device is a device formed by a metal bar around which the ends of two portions of the flexible link 20, 25 are clamped.

The arch 10 is, for example, integrated into a structure 95 shown in FIG. 2.

The structure 95 is, for example, a structure for protection against falling materials, for example against falling rocks.

According to a variant, the structure 95 is backfilled externally, that is to say that materials such as earth or rocks are placed around the structure 95, which then delimits a tunnel whose structure 95 forms the interior frame.

The structure 95 comprises at least one arch 10 but is capable of comprising a plurality of arches 10 forming a vault.

An example of structure 95 comprising two arches 10 is shown in FIG. 2. The arches 10 are juxtaposed one with the other. The arches 10 are aligned with each other in the direction X. For example, the planar arcs of the two arches 10 are parallel to each other.

According to one embodiment, the arches 10 are fixed to each other by fastening elements 100.

The fastening elements 100 are, for example, plates placed on the lower surface 40 of the arches 10 and fixed simultaneously to a block 15 of each of the two arches 10. The plates are, for example, metal plates.

As a variant, the fastening elements 100 are metal clips fastened simultaneously to a block 15 of each arch 10.

The fastening elements 100 are, for example, received in corresponding cavities of the blocks 15 of each arch, the cavities then being filled with concrete.

According to one embodiment, each block 15 is crossed by at least one passage 105 extending in the direction X. Each fastening element 100 then comprises a metallic element, such as a tube, inserted in corresponding passages 105 of blocks 15 of neighboring arches 10 to secure these blocks 15 to each other. The fastening element 100 comprises a pin received in an opening 106 opening to the lower surface 40 and communicating with the passage 105 in which the fastening element 100 is received. The pin thus secures the fastening element 100 to each block 15 in which it is received.

For example, each block 15 is crossed by two passages 105 offset from one another and allowing the simultaneous fixing of the blocks 15 of one arch 10 to the blocks 15 of two neighboring arches 10. In this case, the fixing element 100 received in each passage 105 allows the fixing of the block 15 considered to a block 15 of one of two neighboring arches 10.

Thus, the fastening elements 100 can be staggered to fix between them the blocks 15 of two adjacent arches 10.

The blocks 15 of the two arches 10 have, for example, the same length.

It should be noted that blocks 15 of different lengths are capable of being used for neighboring arches 10, or for half-arches 55, 60 distinct from the same arch. In the latter case, the structure 95 is capable of forming a curve in a horizontal plane.

According to one embodiment, the blocks 15 have a trapezoidal section in a horizontal plane so that the structure 95 forms a curve in a horizontal plane.

A method of manufacturing an arch 10 of the structure 95 will now be described.

The manufacturing process includes a disposal step, a placement step, a step of fixing the first end, a bonding step, a tensioning step, a step of fixing the second end and a step of 'erection.

During the layout step, a template is placed on the floor. The template is, for example, a flat arc-shaped template. According to one embodiment, the outer face of the template is complementary to the lower surface 40.

During the layout step, the template is placed horizontally on the floor.

The blocks 15, including the arch key 50, are then placed on the ground along the template to form the arch 10.

At the end of the disposal step, the blocks 15 are not joined. In particular, a distance between contiguous blocks 15 is greater than or equal to 5 centimeters.

During the positioning step, each first flexible link 20 and each second flexible link 25 are placed in the corresponding conduits 65. Thus, each first flexible link extends between the first leg 30 and the arch key 50, and each second flexible link 25 extends between the second leg 35 and the arch key 50.

In particular, the second end 85 of each flexible link 20, 25 extends out of the outlet face 75. The second end 85 of each flexible link 20, 25 is left free during the positioning step.

The first end 80 of each flexible link 20, 25 is then fixed to the first or second foot 30, 35 corresponding to the arch 10 during the step of fixing the first end.

During the linking step, the connecting element 63 is fixed to the first leg 30 and to the second leg 35.

After the linking step, during the tensioning step, the arch key 50 is fixed to the ground, then traction is exerted on the second end 85 of each flexible link 20, 25 to put the link flexible 20, 25 in tension. Thus, the blocks 15 which constitute the arch 10 are pressed against each other and held in position by the tension of the flexible links 20, 25.

The traction is, for example, exerted simultaneously on each flexible link 20, 25. According to a variant, the different flexible links 20, 25 are tensioned successively.

Once tensioned, the second end 85 of each flexible link 20, 25 is fixed to the arch key 50 during the step of fixing the second end.

Finally, during the erection step, the arch 10 is raised so that the planar arc according to which the blocks 15 are arranged is vertical. The arch 10 is raised by a lifting device which exerts traction on the lifting ring 64 of the arch key 50 and then deposits the arch 10 in its final position, the two feet 30, 35 of the arch are resting on the ground.

The fastening elements 62 are then put in place to fix the blocks 15 of the arch 10 to each other.

The arch 10 is then linked to the other arches 10 of the structure 95 by the fastening elements 100.

The installation of the arch 10 is easy and quick. Arch 10 therefore allows the manufacture of temporary works 95 for short periods, for example to protect workers working on a site, to put in place a quick and effective solution of protection against falls of falling masses.

By its simplicity, the arch 10 is likely to be used or maintained by non-specialized companies.

In addition, the arch 10 is robust and has good dynamic resistance capacities due to its mass, a possible plastic deformation of the containers, a possible relative movement between the blocks 15 and / or the possible deformation of the flexible links. This dynamic resistance capacity is further reinforced by the use of dissipating devices or of blocks 15 whose compressive strength is lower than for the other blocks 15. Such blocks 15 then play the role of fuses in the structure.

The arch 10 is also easy to disassemble.

The connecting elements 63 make it possible to avoid deformation of the arch 10 during its tensioning or during its use. In particular, the connecting elements 63 prevent the two feet 30, 35 of the arch 10 from moving away from one another under the effect of the vertical load transferred to the foot by the arch. However, it should be noted that, in certain embodiments, at least one arch 10 does not include connecting elements 63.

When the conduits 65 are equidistant from the lower surface 40 and the upper surface 45, the tensile force exerted on the flexible links 20, 25 more effectively presses the blocks 15 against each other.

The curvature of the portions of conduit 65 formed in the arch key 50 reduces the friction undergone by the flexible links 20, 25.

By the use of the fastening elements 100, the arches 10 are integral with one another and, in the event of impact, the deformation of the arches 10 is more homogeneous and distributed over several arches 10. The solidity of the structure is therefore improved.

It should be noted that, in certain embodiments, at least one arch 10 does not include connecting elements 63.

A second example of arch 10 will now be described. The elements identical to the first example of arch 10 are not described again. Only the differences are highlighted.

Arch 10 does not have conduits 65.

Each flexible link 20, 25 is received in a groove formed in the upper surface 45 of each block 15 of the first and second half-arches 55, 60 of the arch 10. In this case, the entry face 70 of the key arch 50 forms a part of the upper surface 45 and the outlet face 75 forms a part of the lower surface 40 of the arch 10. In other words, when the arch key 50 is in the form of a prism with a trapezoidal base, the entry face 70 is the face corresponding to the larger of the two bases of the trapezium and the outlet face 75 is the face corresponding to the smaller of the bases of the trapezium.

The second example of an arch 10 is easier to manufacture than the first example 10 because it is not necessary to thread the flexible links 20, 25 into the conduits 65 of the blocks 15 other than the ark key.

The arch 10 has been described in the examples above in a case where the outlet face 75 forms a part of the lower surface 40 of the arch 10. It should be noted that the outlet face 75 is capable of be moved in some cases. For example, the outlet face 75 is the face of the arch key 50 which forms part of the upper surface 45 of the arch 10.

The number and arrangement of flexible links 20, 25 are also subject to change. For example, according to one embodiment, each half-arch 55, 60 is crossed by 4 conduits receiving flexible links 20, 25.

The clean lines of two of the conduits 65 cross the ends of a first segment parallel to the lower surface 40 and located a first distance from the lower surface 40 and the clean lines of the other two conduits 65 cross the ends of a second segment parallel to the upper surface 45 and located at the same first distance from the upper surface 45 of the block 15 considered. In other words, the clean lines are two by two symmetrical with respect to a median plane of the block 15. In this case, the two conduits 65 closest to the upper surface open onto the upper surface 45 through the corresponding face of the ark key 50 while the two conduits 65 closest to the lower surface open onto the lower surface 40.

Thus, the second ends 85 of a first flexible link 20 and a second flexible link 25 protrude from the lower surface 40 of the arch key 50 and the second ends 85 of the other flexible links 20, 25 protrude from the upper surface 45 of the ark key 50.

During the pulling step, the ark key 50 is not fixed to the ground.

A pull on the flexible links 20, 25 contained in the two conduits 65 closest to the upper surface 45, exerted vertically by a lifting device, then allows the erection of the arch 10. The other flexible links 20, 25 are then tensioned to press the blocks 15 against each other and thus shape the arch 10. During the step of fixing the second end, the flexible links opening to the lower surface are then fixed to the ark key 50 to hold the arch 10 in position.

The first embodiment has been described in the case where the ark key 50 is fixed to the ground before the pulling step. It should be noted that other embodiments are likely to be envisaged, in which the arch key 50 is for example fixed to a temporary structure, to a construction machine, or is not fixed.

Claims (14)

1. - Work (95) comprising at least one arch (10) having a lower surface (40) and an upper surface (45), the arch (10) comprising a first half-arch (55), a second half-arch ( 60) and a block (50) forming an arch key, the first half-arch (55) comprising a first set of blocks (15) and extending between the ark key (50) and a first leg (30 ) of the arch (10), the second half-arch (60) comprising a second set of blocks (15) and extending between the arch key (50) and a second leg (35) of the arch (10), the blocks (15) of each arch (10) being arranged along a single plane arc between the first leg (30) and the second leg (35), characterized in that each arch (10) comprises , in addition, at least a first flexible link (20) and at least a second flexible link (25), each first flexible link (25) extending along the first half-arch (55) from the first foot ( 30) up to the ark key (50), each two th flexible link (25) extending along the second half-arch (60) from the second leg (35) to the arch key (50), each first or second flexible link (20, 25) having a first end (80) fixed to the first or second corresponding foot (30, 35) of the arch (10) and a second end (85), each flexible link (20, 25) passing through the block of the arch key (50) from an entry face (70) corresponding to the ark key (50) to an exit face (75) corresponding from the ark key (50), the second end (85) of each flexible link (20, 25) extending out of the arch key (50) through the corresponding outlet face (75), the second end (85) of each flexible link (20, 25) being fixed to the ark key (50) and each flexible link (20, 25) having a tension tending to bring the first or second leg (30, 35) corresponding to the ark key (50). 2. - Work (95) according to claim 1, wherein the outlet face (75) is common to all flexible links (20, 25). 3. - A structure (95) according to claim 2, in which the common outlet face (75) forms part of the lower surface (40) of the arch (10). 4. - Book (95) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising at least two first flexible links (20) and at least two second flexible links (25). 5. - Work (95) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein each first or second flexible link (20, 25) is received in a conduit (65) passing through each block (15) of the first or second corresponding half-arch (55, 60), each duct (65) extending along a clean line parallel to the lower surface (40) and to the upper surface (45) of the arch. 6. - A structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, in which each flexible link (20) is received in a groove made in the upper surface of the corresponding half-arch (10). 7. - Work (95) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising a vault comprising at least two arches (10) juxtaposed and aligned in a direction (X) perpendicular to the planar arc of each of the arches (10 ). 8. - A structure (95) according to claim 7, in which blocks (15) of at least two juxtaposed arches (10) are connected to one another by metal fastening elements (100). 9. - A work (95) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, in which the feet (30, 35) of at least one arch (10) are directly linked to each other by a metal cable. (63) or by a rigid frame (63). 10. - Work (95) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein blocks (15) of the same arch (10) are fixed to each other by fixing elements (62) located on the lower surface (40) of the arch (10). 11. - Method for manufacturing a structure (95) comprising at least one arch (10) having a lower surface (40) and an upper surface (45), the method comprising steps of: - provision on the ground of a first set of blocks (15), of a second set of blocks (15) and of a block (50) of an arch key along a template according to a plane arc to form an arch (10), the first set of blocks (15) forming a first half-arch (55) of the arch (10) delimited by the arch key (50) and by a first leg (30) of the arch (10), the second set of blocks (15) forming a second half-arch (60) of the arch (10) delimited by the arch key (50) and by a second leg (35) of the 'arch (10), - Installation of a first flexible link (20) and a second flexible link (25), each flexible link (20, 25) having a first end (80) and a second end (85), the first link flexible (20) extending along the first half-arch (55) from the first leg (30) to the arch key (50) and the second flexible link (25) extending along the second half-arch (60) from the second leg (35) to the arch key (50), each flexible link (20, 25) passing through the arch key block (50) from a face d entry (70) corresponding to the arch key (50) to an exit face (75) corresponding to the arch key (50), the second end (85) of each flexible link (20, 25 ) extending out of the arch key (50) through the corresponding outlet face (75), - fixing the first end (80) of each flexible link (20, 25) to the first or second foot (30, 35) corresponding to the arch (10), - traction on the second end (85) of each flexible link (20, 25) to press the blocks (15) against each other, and - fixing the second end (85) of each flexible link (20, 25) to the ark key (50). 12, - The method of claim 11, further comprising a step of erecting the arch (10) implemented after the pulling step. 13. - Method according to claim 11, in which: - during the positioning step, at least two first flexible links (20) and at least two second flexible links (25) are put in place, the second ends (85) of one of the first flexible links (20) and one of the second flexible links (25) projecting from the lower surface (40) of the arch key (50), the second ends (85) of the other first flexible link (20) and the other second flexible link (25) projecting from the upper surface (45) of the ark key, and - during the step of fixing the first end, the first end (80) of each flexible link (20, 25) is fixed to the corresponding foot (30, 35) of the arch (10), the step traction including: - traction, by a lifting device, on the flexible links (20, 25) projecting from the upper surface (45) to erect the arch (10), and - A pull on the flexible links (20, 25) protruding from the lower surface (40) to press the blocks (15) against each other, the step of fixing the second end being implemented after the pulling step. 14, - A method according to any one of claims 11 to 13, further comprising a step of connecting the first leg (30) to the second leg (35) with a metal cable (63) or with a rigid frame (63 ), the linking step being implemented 5 before the pulling step. 1/2