FR3041746A1 - DEVICE FOR AIDING THE DRIVING AND DOUBT RAISING OF AN AIRCRAFT - Google Patents

Abstract

Device for assisting the piloting and raising of doubt of an aircraft A enabling at least one pilot P of said aircraft A to become more aware of the actual state in which the aircraft A is located when the latter is in a state of stress and / or panic, in particular to become more aware of a normal and / or degraded situation in which the aircraft A is located, and to propose to said pilot P at least one instruction making it possible to improve the situation in which he finds himself. the aircraft A, said aircraft A operating in an environment E with which it is interacting, said aircraft A comprising at least one database BD which comprises a multiplicity of information MI relating to the aircraft A, said database BD being able to integrate and / or store and / or restore and / or transmit, in real time the information MI, characterized by the presence of a means MCCI for checking the coherence of MI information cooperating with the base data BD and being connected to at least one evocative communication means MCt and possibly to an MPt control means directly accessible to the pilot, said means MCCI comprising a multiplicity of tabular physical laws relating to the aircraft A and N MI information necessary for the control and security of the aircraft A as well as the history of said N MI information, said N MI information being selected from the MI database information BD necessary for the control and safety of the aircraft A, N being an integer greater than or equal to 20.

Description

APPARATUS FOR AIDING THE AIRCRAFT DRIVING AND RAINING OF AN AIRCRAFT

The present invention relates to a device for assisting the piloting and the raising of doubt of an aircraft enabling at least one pilot of said aircraft to become more aware of the actual state of the aircraft, in particular to become more aware of the aircraft. a normal and / or degraded situation in which the aircraft is located and to propose to the pilot at least one optimal solution so as to improve the situation in which said aircraft is, said aircraft operating in an environment E with which it is interacting .

It relates to a device for assisting the piloting of an aircraft making it possible to read, store, analyze, and communicate, on request and / or in case of emergency, to a pilot of said aircraft, the information particularly related to the operation of said aircraft, including information related to flight parameters including aerodynamic parameters, attitude and location parameters, configuration parameters and engine parameters.

It particularly relates to a piloting aid device capable of giving by auditory or visual means, the instructions relating to the piloting of an aircraft, the pilot of said aircraft when said aircraft is in a degraded situation.

More particularly, it relates to the provision of relevant information relating to the operation of an aircraft, particularly in unusual cases during a malfunction of at least one member of said aircraft.

It contributes, but is not limited to, improving the safety of an aircraft, including flying the aircraft in a complex environment.

It makes it possible to indicate to the pilot the situation in which the aircraft is and / or the instructions necessary to remedy an anomaly and / or to release said aircraft from the abnormal situation in which it is located so as to avoid a possible crash. this, for example, when redundant instruments do not provide the same indication or when the original failure is not obvious.

It also allows the pilot of an aircraft to overcome a reflection and / or a more restrictive stress involving the fate of the aircraft and / or the lives of passengers and in particular to avoid calculations complicated when the origin of a failure is not clear or when the aerodynamic calculations or the nesting of the logics of the systems is too complex.

Many serious incidents and / or accidents could have been avoided had the pilot been aware of the actual situation of the aircraft he was piloting, and if he had had time to analyze the situation for make the right decisions. Indeed, when the aircraft is in a degraded situation, the pilot is automatically in a state of stress and reflection. He reacts according to his experience, almost intuitively, has trouble analyzing the situation in which he finds himself and all the ins and outs to arrive at the action that would allow him to solve the problem and / or save lives. For example, a feared driver tends to pull on the stick, it's natural.

In this situation of stress and reflection, even if the alarm sounded well, the indicators of the dashboard may well warn the danger, the driver often remains prostrate at the controls. This type of very complex situation partly explains the origins of air accidents or disasters, three-quarters of which are the result of human error. Indeed, in these moments of stress and reflection, the pilots suffer from a prefrontal transient lesion leading to the appearance of ancestral mechanisms, because the brain can, in case of panic, pass into a cognitive tunnel and focus on a element, forgetting the rest of the dashboard, including the means of communication and the means of control. The ability to make the right decisions is reduced. In this situation, the pilot can become insensitive to warnings and neglect alarms and lights that no longer pass the barriers of consciousness.

A better understanding of the situation in which the aircraft is located would undoubtedly allow the pilot, unambiguously, to make the right decisions. One often quotes the case of an airplane that landed gear retracted while the control tower screamed in the ears of the pilot that his landing gear had not left. The pilot answered the tower, "I do not understand your message there is a siren that rings in my ears".

Currently, there are many systems to improve the safety of driving an aircraft such as autopilot. Also, there are visual systems for both piloting assistance and landing. Unfortunately, when the aircraft is in a degraded situation, these systems become additional inaccessible to the pilot, because the latter is in panic and / or stress and / or reflection to find a solution to save the aircraft and / or lives. Indeed, in this situation, the brain of the pilot goes into a cognitive tunnel and focuses on the essential elements that are easily accessible, forgetting everything else including alternative solutions. Also, these systems, despite their presence in the aircraft and an evocative and justified symbology for transmitting the information relating to these systems, are not directly accessible by the pilot in first intention and the information emanating from these systems are presented to the pilot. in an unintuitive way, which requires the latter to carry out too much intellectual work in a very short period of time to understand the meaning of this information.

From the state of the art are known several types of sound alarms installed in the cockpit of an aircraft directly connected to the autopilot system. When the aircraft is in a degraded situation, said alarms sound. However, the large number of alarms and the interaction of the different organs make that often several alarms are triggered at the same time and make it that the pilot often has difficulty to conclude on the nature of the original failure, which does not allow him to make the right decisions. On the other hand, audible alarms are in essence aggression, because they surprise the pilot, who naturally tends to "shunt" auditory alarms. Indeed, the human being has developed means of defenses against the acoustic aggressions that allow his brain to no longer hear or no longer take into account the noise attacks. Experience shows that audible alarms are often considered by pilots as nuisance alarms and are rarely taken into consideration.

From the state of the art are known systems preventing air traffic controllers and / or drivers of an immediate collision and / or probable and automatic control systems likely to regain control of the pilot in case of imminent danger. Unfortunately, these systems do not add value to the pilot's decisions. Indeed, these systems do not allow the pilot in a state of panic and / or under stress to solve a specific problem related to a degraded situation of the aircraft. These systems simply make it possible to anticipate some usual maneuvers relating to the trajectory of the aircraft so as to fly the aircraft in the safest manner and to indicate in a degraded situation the trajectory that the aircraft must take to avoid a possible collision.

Document FR 2 841008 discloses a method and a device for piloting an aircraft intended to generate control commands for said aircraft according to at least one piloting axis using at least two different piloting laws relating to said piloting axis and allowing each law to determine the control commands according to the parameters of the aircraft (pitch angle, angle of incidence, skid angle) automatically and repetitively. However, this device and method includes only parameters related to the trajectory of the aircraft and at no time it directly contributes to the improvement of the degraded situation of an aircraft.

Document US 2008 0243383 describes an anti-collision system with the terrain using cameras and information relating to the 3D geometry of the terrain. It neither describes nor suggests to check in real time all the parameters related to security with the physical laws linking these parameters, in order to communicate to the pilot in a visual and audible way the state of the systems and the logic leading to the determination. the origin of the eventual breakdown.

The document FR 2 955 687 describes a means for managing the sound alert messages of an aircraft by determining a priority sound alert, but does not plan to take into consideration information that does not lead to audible alarms. This document also does not provide for combining visual information with sound information.

From the state of the art, it is known that pilots under stress have difficulty making the right decisions by misjudging the real situation, especially in the case of a false indication provided to the pilot. In this complex case of error of indication, when one analyzes with head rested the evolutions of the parameters related to an accident one realizes that, very often, the pilot had all the information allowing him to confirm the origin of the breakdown and make the necessary decisions. Previous studies have shown that in stressful situations, the brain is partially paralyzed and complex logical inferences can not be made. This is the case of a pilot in a state of stress and / or reflection and / or panic.

It is well known that an aircraft is designed to follow a set of precise and known physical laws. These are the laws of mechanics, aerodynamics, thermics and / or thermodynamics, etc. For example, for a given flap configuration, the deformation of the wing follows the laws of the physics of the materials, in particular the resistance of the materials and the laws of the aerodynamics making the deformation of the wing mainly dependent on the incidence and / or the airspeed and / or skid and / or pitch angles. It is clear from the foregoing that flying and maintaining the aircraft on a trajectory, including a complex environment, is governed by a combination of a multiplicity of scientific laws, including physical, chemical and biological, linking the various parameters of the aircraft, in particular the parameters of mass, speed, incidence and flexion of the wing, trajectory, etc. Thanks to this combination of laws, it is possible to determine with precision the flight parameters and to operate the autopilot system.

From the foregoing, it appears that one of the technical problems is to improve the safety and control of an aircraft by improving the pilot's understanding of the actual situation in which the aircraft is located. aircraft it is flying, especially when at least one piece of information provided to the pilot seems to be wrong.

Another technical problem that arises is to improve the pilot-aircraft interaction by improving the artificial intelligence of the aircraft and the corresponding signal processing to reduce human errors.

Another technical problem that arises is the reiteration of information to pilots via artificial intelligence, particularly via electronic means and / or on-board computer.

Another technical problem that arises is to avoid flooding the pilot with signals of all kinds that could hinder him in his decisions during this time of stress and reflection and / or panic.

In all cases, the irrational behavior of the pilots constitutes a real technical problem that the present invention aims to solve. The invention manages to improve the pilot's understanding of the actual situation in which the aircraft he is piloting by putting at his disposal, essential means for improving his behavior during a stress situation and / or or panic and / or reflection when making a decision, this to improve the safety of the aircraft and people on board. These means, easily accessible to the pilot, provide information of any kind without the latter in any way manifesting an important intellectual activity (reflection). This information reaches him either by an auditory and / or visual means, because in a situation of stress and / or panic and / or reflection, the visual information can be taken into account by the pilot, in a very short period of time , when they simultaneously include the following characteristics: - evocative to be quickly understood by the pilot - visual, because the visual recognition by the brain of simple images is faster and more effective than the information transmitted by the sound or the touch - justified (dictation with a certain logic), so that the pilot can quickly unfold the logic to find an optimal solution and better accept conclusions that may be contrary to the information provided by a defective element.

To anticipate the pilot's reactions and for a better security of the aircraft, the visual information is directly coupled to the auditory information,

To facilitate the understanding of said auditory information, these are structured and also justified for the pilot to take them fully into account.

In the description that follows the terms below have the following definition:

Cockpit: the place where the means of control and control of an aircraft are gathered. It may be a cabin located in the aircraft or deported to another aircraft or on the ground.

Parameters: these are the physical, chemical and biological parameters involved in the operation of an aircraft or in the operation of the systems of an aircraft, for example the airspeed (called CAS), the angle of incidence, the skid angle, pitch angle, engine power, electric power, wing curvature, aerodynamics, etc. These parameters are generally not all accessible to the pilot. These are, for example, aerodynamic parameters, attitude and location parameters, configuration parameters and engine parameters, etc.

Attitude: the attitude of a solid is the angular position in the space of this solid relative to a fixed reference. For example, the angles of attitude, roll and yaw of an aircraft define the attitude of this aircraft with respect to a fixed reference.

Conventional systems delivering information to the pilot: these are the visual, auditory or tactile systems currently used conventionally and informing the pilot in real time or deferred of the state of the aircraft he is piloting and its components. These are for example the indications of pressure, flow, temperature, the speed information of an aircraft.

Means of piloting: these are the means available to the pilot for driving his aircraft, for example a steering column, a rudder and levers. These means can be actuated by the pilot by a movement of the hands, feet or voice, or even by the movement of his eyes or his head.

Aerodynamic parameter: parameter that describes the behavior of a gaseous fluid around a moving body such as static or dynamic pressure, airspeed, angle of incidence, etc.

Attitude or orientation parameter: the parameters defining the direction of the main axes of an aircraft relative to a terrestrial reference system.

Location parameter: Parameters defining the geometric location including an aircraft in three-dimensional space. - Pilot: a natural person performing operations or having the controls of an aircraft directly or remotely.

Engine parameter: a set of technical and dynamic characteristics characterizing engine operation: engine speed, pressures, temperatures, etc.

Doubt of doubt: means or action to find out which instrument or system has failed when the indications provided by several instruments are not consistent.

The information related to the operation of said aircraft: this is the information necessary for the pilots to ensure safety including information on speed, altitude, altitude variation, incidence, pitch angle, roll angle, and engine speed.

Information: refers to both the message to be communicated, the digital and / or non-digital data and the symbols used to write it.

Information ΜΙ: this is all information relating to the environment E and to the aircraft A. More mainly, it concerns all the parameters of the aircraft flight including the aerodynamic parameters, the altitude or flight parameters. orientation, locating parameters, engine parameters, all physical parameters relating to the environment E, for example the pressure, the temperature, the interactions between the aircraft and the fluid surrounding it, the exchanges with the control tower, etc., chemical parameters, meteorological parameters, exchanges (radio) and many other parameters relating to the piloting of the aircraft A.

Erroneous information: this is the erroneous information and / or information that is not compatible with the corresponding physical laws and that contains at least one contradiction.

Fair information: this is non-erroneous information and / or information that is compatible with the corresponding physical laws and that does not contain any contradiction between them.

Stall angle: Angle between the airplane axis and the horizontal. This angle is also called pitch angle

Redundant parameters: these are the parameters obtained by two different measurement chains, for example the static pressure measurements for example.

Better awareness: An ease of understanding external and / or internal phenomena through the information received.

Normal situation: Situation corresponding to the usual operations of an object or a device in a given environment.

Degraded situation: Situation corresponding to unusual operations of an object or device in a given environment where one or more organs fail.

Database: this is a way to store and retrieve all data and / or information.

Specific database: it is a particular database dedicated to a particular function Physical laws: it is an immutable relation between several quantities and / or information

Tabulated physical laws: Physical laws defined by discrete values in a table Optimal solution: best solution corresponding to a given situation.

Structured instruction: consists of several information provided in an optimal order.

Justified instruction: instruction that is explained in detail. The invention manages to solve the problems mentioned above by proposing a device for assisting the piloting and raising the suspicion of an aircraft A allowing at least one pilot P of said aircraft A to become more aware of the actual state in which the aircraft A is in particular when said pilot P is in a state of stress and / or panic and / or reflection, in particular to become more aware of a normal and / or degraded situation in which the aircraft A is located, and to propose to said pilot P at least one instruction making it possible to improve the situation in which the aircraft A is located, said aircraft A operating in an environment E with which it is interacting, said aircraft A comprising: at least one base of data BD which includes a multiplicity of information MI relating to the aircraft A, its control in the environment E including the behavior of the aircraft A in the environment E, to environment E, and the interactions between the aircraft A and the environment E, said database BD being capable of integrating and / or storing and / or restoring and / or transmitting, in real time, the information MI, to the least one pilot cabin C housing said pilot P which comprises: at least one piloting means MP enabling the pilot P to pilot the aircraft, to interact with the database BD and to exchange at least one MI information with said database BD, said control means MP being connected to the database BD and being directly accessible to the pilot P, and • at least one means of communication MC evocative, auditory and / or visual and / or touchable for transmitting to the pilot P and / or to exchange with the pilot P at least one MI information necessary for the piloting of the aircraft A, said communication means MC being connected to the database BD and being directly accessible to the pilot P, said pilot P p the aircraft is based on information MI made available by the database BD via the control means MP and the evocative communication means MC. The invention is essentially characterized in that said aircraft A further comprises a means MCCI for checking the coherence of the information MI, cooperating with the database BD and being connected to at least one means of communication MCt specific evocative directly accessible to the pilot, said MCCI means comprising: a multiplicity of tabular or digitized physical laws relating to the aircraft A, to the environment E and to the interactions between the environment E and the aircraft A, and N MI information required for piloting and the security of the aircraft A as well as the history of said N MI information, said N MI information being selected from the MI database BD information necessary for the piloting and security of the aircraft A, N being an integer greater than or equal to 20. The invention is further characterized in that said MCCI means is further capable of providing the pilot P, at his request and / or time, or when the aircraft is in a degraded situation, in real time, without the latter in any way manifesting a significant intellectual activity (reflection), at least an optimal solution SO which includes: a logical sequence of the N MI information and at least one structured and justified instruction relating to the use of said N MI information, said optimal solution SO allowing the pilot P to become aware of the situation in which the aircraft A is located to eliminate any doubt and / or panic and / or stress relating to the situation of the aircraft.

Said means MCCI is also capable of proposing to said pilot P, in real time or in due time, at least one justified instruction necessary for the operation of said aircraft A, said means MCCI being furthermore capable, taking into account the physical laws and the the history of the N IM information that it comprises, to distinguish among the N information MI at least a fair information IJ and at least one erroneous information IE relating to the behavior of the aircraft A in the environment E and to present the said information just IJ and / or erroneous IE to the pilot by visual and / or auditory evocative symbols so that said pilot is aware of the actual situation in which the aircraft A is located, said optimal solution SO is provided to the pilot, in a structured and justified manner , so that the pilot believes in the truthfulness of the correct information IJ and / or erroneous IE received.

Advantageously, the MCCI means further comprising a specific database BDt interacting and exchanging the N MI information with the database BD and being able to recover, integrate, store, create and restore or transmit, in real time, the pilot P, at least one information MI selected from the N MI information to allow the pilot P to become aware of the actual situation and / or degraded in which the aircraft A is located despite the panic and / or the stress and / or doubt that said pilot P may have had regard to the situation in which the aircraft A is located, said database being furthermore capable of proposing to said pilot P at least one justified instruction necessary for the operation of said aircraft A in the environment E so as to avoid any dangerous situation.

Advantageously, the MCCI means furthermore comprising at least one means MPLA for preselecting, reading, analyzing and comparing information, connected to the specific database BDt and to the database BD, capable of preselecting, of read and analyze at least N MI information necessary for the piloting and security of the aircraft A among the MI information stored in the database BD and / or BDt, to query the database BDt to check if said N MI information comply with at least one tabular physical law relating to the aircraft A, the environment E and the interactions between the environment E and the aircraft A in order to detect the information MI among the N MI information that is inconsistent or consistent with at least one tabulated or digitized physical law.

Advantageously, the MCCI means further comprises an information transformation means MT, connected to the BDt database, to the database BD and to the MPLA means, which simultaneously makes it possible to select, classify and store in the database. BDt data among the N selected IM information, IM information that is just IJ and MI information that is erroneous IE.

According to other characteristics of the invention, the means MCCI comprises a communication means MCt integrated in the communication means MC, making it possible to present to the pilot P in real time, via at least one visual and / or audible symbol, the behavior of the aircraft A in the environment E and the correct information IJ and / or erroneous IE to enable said pilot P to become aware of the actual behavior of the aircraft A in the environment E.

According to other characteristics of the invention, the MCCI means comprises an integration means MIT, connected to the databases BD and BDt, allowing, in the case of degraded behavior of the aircraft A in the environment E and / or at the request of the pilot or in an emergency, on the one hand to interrogate, process and compile instantly all the information read and stored in said BD and BDt databases and, on the other hand, to create and propose in real time to said pilot P the optimal solution SO necessary for the operation of the aircraft in the environment E, this via the communication means MC or MCt, said communication means MCt being accessible to the pilot P, and said MCCI means further comprising an access means MA, accessible to the pilot, enabling said pilot to operate the MIT means and obtain an optimal solution SO to improve the pilot's level of consciousness of the actual situation in which he is operating.find the aircraft.

According to other characteristics of the invention, the N information MI mainly comprises - at least two airspeed parameters, - at least two static pressure and / or altitude pressure parameters, - at least two static pressure variation parameters. and / or altitude, - at least one incidence parameter, - at least two pitch angle parameters - at least two engine speed parameters.

Advantageously, the pilot, by operating the MIT means, receives the true information, the erroneous information and at least one optimal solution SO in the form of structured auditory and / or visual messages mainly comprising at least three messages belonging to the following group of information : - a welcome information, confirming the proper functioning of the device - information relating to the situation in which the aircraft is located, - information providing the pilot with information relating to the good or bad operation of the aircraft and its components, - information on what will happen if nothing is done, - information on the action or actions to be undertaken, - information on the urgency of the action or actions to be taken, - information on the duration of the action or actions to be taken, - information indicating to the pilot in which period of time it is necessary to repeat the request for information action,

According to other features of the invention, the means MCCI further comprises at least one means MD1 intentionally request information by the pilot P, located in said cockpit and easily accessible by said pilot P, allowing trigger the provision of SO information to the pilot.

According to other characteristics of the invention, the communication means MCt comprises a screen accessible to the pilot P presenting the correct information IJ and possibly the erroneous information IE and possibly the optimal solutions SO by evocative symbols justifying the real situation, said screen comprising at least one image of a component of the aircraft A and / or the environment E having the erroneous information and an image of the same component having a true information.

According to other features of the invention, the MCCI means comprises a welcome information delivered by said MCt means including a good operation information including for example "welcome" type sentences if the piloting aid device is working properly or "Pilot assistance device unavailable" if the flight aid device does not provide reliable information.

According to other characteristics of the invention, the MCCI means for controlling the coherence of the N information M1 furthermore comprises a reserve of clean electrical energy enabling it to operate autonomously for a sufficiently long predefined time so that, when said means MCCI detects at least one incoherent information, at least one visual MCt communication means illuminates so that the driver tends to interrogate the MCCI means to obtain an optimal solution SO. The invention also manages to solve the technical problem of the present invention by proposing a method for implementing the piloting aid device according to the invention, wherein the succession of the following steps are taken in an order stated herein. -after or in a different order: - step 1: selection of N information necessary for the piloting and security of the aircraft A from the MI information stored in the database BD, - step 2: selection of the physical laws relating to the N selected MI information, - step 3: storage at each instant of said N selected IM information, - step 4: checking at each instant that the N selected IM information is in agreement with all the corresponding physical laws, - step 4.1: if at least one of the N selected IM information is in accordance with the corresponding physical laws, then the communication means indicated t to the pilot P that said information is a fair information IJ on the one hand and that on the other hand the system operates normally, said information being recorded in the database BDt to be used later, - step 4.2: if at least one N selected MI information is not in accordance with the corresponding physical laws, then the communication means indicate to the pilot P that said information is erroneous information on the one hand, and that the other hand the system does not function normally , said information being stored in the database BDt for later use. step 4.3: if the information is erroneous, the audible and / or visual evocative symbol prompts the pilot P to interrogate the means MCCI which explains to him what information is erroneous and proposes an optimal solution SO structured to improve the driving of the aircraft. Other characteristics and advantages of the invention, taken alone or in combination, will become clear from reading the detailed description which follows for the understanding of which reference will be made to the appended drawings in which:

FIG. 1a and 1b are diagrammatic representations of the device for assisting the piloting and raising of doubt according to the invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of the device for assisting the piloting and raising of doubt according to the invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the MCCI means for checking the coherence of the N MI information selected from the MI information.

FIGS. 1a and 1b describe a device for assisting driving and raising doubt according to the invention. The main objective of this device is to associate with existing flight control systems, additional means to increase the level of aircraft safety by improving the understanding or the level of awareness by pilots of the actual flight situation in which they find themselves.

For this, it is necessary to analyze and process in real time the coherence of the available parameters necessary for the control of the aircraft, to structure the useful information so as to predict the reactions and / or the communications of the pilot when the latter is in a state of stress and / or panic and / or reflection. Finally, to communicate to the pilot the necessary information in order to remove it from a possible erroneous logic by proposing concrete information (solutions) relating to what should be done, these, in a very short period of time .

The existing steering systems consist mainly of a flight control device called the autopilot. This device automatically guides an aircraft without pilot intervention. This device is mainly used to control the trajectory of an aircraft without constant control by a pilot. Autopilots do not replace a pilot, but help him control the aircraft, allowing him to focus on more general aspects of operation, such as tracking, weather, or flight parameters. flights and possibly to make automatic landings under the supervision of a pilot.

The safety of an aircraft can only be ensured by an autopilot in the presence of a pilot. The pilot must therefore be able to constantly monitor the smooth running of the pipe. For this, the autopilot must be provided with a display giving the desired heading and the current course (or possibly the error between the two). He must also be able to display error messages to warn the pilot of a problem and to allow him to regain control of the line. This is where the problems begin. Indeed, when the autopilot warns the pilot of a problem putting the aircraft in a degraded situation, the latter is in panic and stress and / or reflection. In current systems, the problems are stated by a visual screen and / or by an alarm. Unfortunately, the alarm sounded well, the indicators of the dashboard warn of danger, the pilot remains prostrate at the controls, it is the irrational behavior of the pilot, because at that moment, the pilot suffers from a prefrontal transient lesion, leading to the appearance of ancestral mechanism: the brain of the pilot has passed into a cognitive tunnel and focuses on an element, forgetting all the rest. Thus, the ability to make decisions is reduced because it becomes insensitive to alerts and ignores alarms that no longer pass the barriers of conscience. In this situation, it is necessary to associate the autopilot with additional means to simulate and / or help the pilot to become aware of the actual state in which the aircraft he is piloting is located and to propose to him the good decisions to take in such a degraded situation in order to get the aircraft he is piloting out of such a situation and / or to save lives. In such an abnormal situation and / or in some cases, the autopilot disconnects.

Referring to FIGS. 1a and 1b, there is shown a device for assisting the piloting and raising of doubt of an aircraft A enabling the pilot P to become more aware of the actual state in which the aircraft he is flying is pilot, in particular to become aware of a normal or degraded situation in which the aircraft is, this, when the pilot is in a state of stress and / or panic and / or reflection. This device also makes it possible to propose to the pilot, via the coupling with the autopilot, an optimal solution so as to improve the situation in which the aircraft is located. According to FIG. 1a, the aircraft operates in a complex environment E with which it is interacting continuously. Environment E includes the immediate and immediate environment to the aircraft from outside (airstrip, fluid or layer of useful fluid around the aircraft: mass of air, water), the internal navigation environment to the aircraft (crew members and passengers, baggage, cabin pressurization), the distant environment to the aircraft (weather, electroosmotic, terrain, birds, other aircraft, airports, towers of control, satellites). The aircraft interacted with the environment E. The interactions may be, for example, interactions between measurement systems and the autopilot, interaction between control towers and the other aircraft.

The situation and behavior of an aircraft are characterized by a set of flight data. the normal situation is represented by the conformity and consistency of the flight data corresponding to a normal flight of the aircraft and without obstacle. The degraded situation is represented by any deviation or error of flight data indicated by the autopilot or any other means of the aircraft with the normal data corresponding to the correct operating range of the aircraft. The state of stress and / or reflection and / or panic corresponds to a situation that can be described as critical in which the short-term evolution of the aircraft calls into question the life of the passages and / or the existence of the aircraft and / or the piloting of the aircraft.

The device according to the invention comprises a database BD which comprises a multiplicity of information MI relating to the aircraft A, to the environment E, to the interactions between the aircraft A and the environment E, to its control in the environment E and the behaviors of the aircraft A in the environment E. this database BD is capable of integrating and / or storing and / or rendering, in real time, the information MI.

The database BD according to the invention consists of a combination of auxiliary databases comprising respectively, but not exclusively, the information exchanged between the pilots and other aircraft, information relating to the interactions of the external structure with the weather , information relating to the interactions of an electromagnetic environment with automatic systems, information relating to the presence of a moving object in the air (for example birds), information relating to the mechanics of flight and the parameters of aircraft flight, the information relating to the maintenance of equipment equipping the aircraft.

According to FIGS. 1a and 1b, the aircraft comprises a control cabin C, mounted, but not exclusively, in the aircraft, in which a pilot P is housed. The pilot is mainly an operator intended to pilot the aircraft. Cab C includes aircraft control means MP directly accessible to pilots P. These means make it possible for example to give a trajectory to the aircraft, since the latter is subject to disturbances due inter alia to turbulence in the atmosphere. surrounding it that may in some cases become deleterious to the aircraft. Among the MP control means include for example the control surfaces, the handle, the rudder, the brakes, etc.. it is really all the known elements of the state of the art for controlling the aircraft. The control means MP are directly connected to the database BD and allow the pilot P to control the aircraft, to interact with the database BD and to exchange at least one MI information with said database BD. For example, when the pilot pulls the handle or the rudder, he transmits an information MI to the database, which records it, stores it and then restores it as technical information to the driver by a means of communication MC also installed in the cockpit P. This information may for example be the value of the speed, and / or trim, and / or the incidence, etc.

According to the invention, the MP control means are associated communication means evocative MC auditory and / or visual and / or touchable, because the presence of one necessarily implies the presence of the other and vice versa. These means MC are mainly mounted in the control cabin P and directly accessible to the pilot. They make it possible to transmit to the pilot P and / or to exchange with the pilot P at least one information Ml necessary for the piloting of the aircraft A. The communication means MC are connected to the database BD and indicate the flight parameters chosen by the pilot by acting on the control means (speed, angle of incidence, pitch angle, landing gear exit or entry, etc.) as well as other information relating to the aircraft such as the outside temperature to the aircraft and interior to the aircraft, the pressure inside and outside the aircraft, navigation, etc.

In the various pilot phases (for example take-off, level flight, landing, etc.), the pilot will seek to maintain a certain number of parameters at a precise value. For this, it will use the MP control means, the communication means MC and the database BD, but especially the combination of the three aforementioned means. For example, the pilot P will use: - The anemometer to know the speed of the aircraft in the air mass around it. This means of communication is the fundamental instrument used by the pilot to avoid a stall, because the stall is related to exceeding the maximum incidence of the aircraft. - The altimeter to know the parameters of the flight altitude of the aircraft based on the static air intakes of the aircraft. This indicated altitude is a function of a reference which the pilot determines, thanks to the database (which also calculates), by the calibration of a reference pressure stored and recorded in the database. As local temperature and atmospheric pressure change, this instrument may be calibrated before each flight. The emanating MI information is stored and stored in the database for reuse. - The variometer to know the parameters related to the speed of rise or descent of the aircraft and the rate of change of altitude. - The ball and the turn indicator for the parameters of flight symmetry and aircraft turn rate, that is to say the variation of heading per unit of time. - The compass or the compass to know the parameters related to the magnetic disturbances in the cockpit, this one is placed far from the other instruments. - The directional, or gyroscopic cap conservator to know the parameters related to magnetic disturbances in acceleration phases (bends, changes of trajectory in general). - The artificial horizon for flight control without visibility and to know the attitude and inclination of the aircraft.

It is clear that, in spite of the above examples, the aircraft because of its database BD comprises means for retrieving information MI (various aeronautical parameters), means for accessing and storing information MI in the database, MI information analysis means required to control the aircraft. Among the means for analyzing MI information include means for analyzing the state of the system such as navigation, the artificial horizon, means for indicating the errors of parameters (dashboard and alarms), means of data transmission, etc. and the autopilot (well known in the state of the art).

It is clear that all the aforementioned means are those which constitute the aircraft of today. Thus, when one of the aforementioned means indicates a false value, the autopilot jumps and the pilot is in a state of stress or panic and / or reflection to find an optimal solution to improve the situation in which the aircraft is located. he drives. This state of stress or panic and / or reflection becomes increasingly critical when the aircraft is degraded.

With reference to FIG. 1a, FIG. 1b, FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, to assist the pilot in his decision-making in such situations, a specific additional MCCI means according to the invention is added in the systems. current pilotage. This means plays almost the role of police (supervisory and regulatory body) or security in the consistency of the parameters. Such an MCCI medium, also called the MI Information Coherence Control Device, would be very useful for aircraft in the future. Indeed, on request from the pilot or automatically, this means is capable of providing information on the state of the aircraft and its environment and to provide an optimal solution to the pilot, allowing him to remove the aircraft from this state and save lives and help the pilot stay calm, thus avoiding stress and panic.

According to the invention, this means MCCI cooperates directly with the database BD in order to recover, in the image of what the black box does, but not exclusively, a class of information MI necessary to control the aircraft and to its maintenance in flight. This information class MI mainly comprises N MI information selected (selected) from the MI information.

It's not just autopilot information, but other information that does not participate in the autopilot. Among the N MI information selected include: the speed related parameters, the parameters related to the incidence, the parameters related to the pitch angle, the parameters related to the thrust, the parameters related to the lift, the parameters related to the weight and flexion of the wing, the parameters related to the navigation, the parameters related to the environment and to the architecture. Parameters related to the flight director, the parameters related to the autopilot modes (basic modes and higher modes) and the parameters related to the environment E.

The MCCI means, like the database BD, is connected to an evocative communication means MCt and possibly to a control means MPt directly accessible to the driver and installed solely for this purpose. This communication means MCt and possibly the control means MPt are arranged in a specific position, in particular close to the handle, so that the pilot, in case of stress and / or panic, uses it first before pulling the handle. Indeed, in most degraded situations, the first reaction of the pilot is to act on the handle, but sometimes with a lot of panic and / or brutality. This is the case of the Rio-Paris flight or a small incident, a brief loss of speed data a hitch in the information system have precipitated the fall of the aircraft. It may seem absurd, but the pilots have been overtaken by events. On the one hand, we can take advantage of the widespread automation of driving, which has considerably reduced the number of crisis situations, but on the other hand, it has weakened the response capabilities of pilots in case of stress and / or or panic. If this flight had an additional system to help the pilot in his decisions and to propose to the latter solutions to remedy a relative and alternative solution to an MI information deficiency essential to flying, including indications on the speed, the aircraft would not be damaged at sea. Indeed, the pilots of the Airbus A330 flight Rio-Paris just did not understand why the values of the airspeed were wrong and in panic and stress the pilots simply did not understand the situation and ended up pulling the stick with a lot of stress and panic trying to keep the aircraft at altitude. It is quite clear that if the aircraft were equipped with a system of help for reflection and the resolution of complex problems, proposing alternative solutions object of the present invention, several lives could have been saved and the aircraft would have overcome difficult flight stages related to strong icing conditions.

According to the invention, the MCCI means making it possible to assist the pilot in his decision-making in these difficult periods of stress, panic, reflection, in degraded situations also comprises: a multiplicity of physical laws of aeronautics and tabular or scanned flight mechanics relating to the aircraft A, to the environment E and to the interactions between the environment E and the aircraft A, and N MI information selected by the MI information necessary for the piloting and security of the aircraft A as well as the history of said N information MI, said N information MI being chosen from the information MI of the database BD necessary for the piloting and security of the aircraft A, N being a higher integer or equal to 20.

These are the physical laws relating to the lift (wings and wings) of the aircraft that may result from static thrust Archimedes and / or active aerodynamics, including lift; laws of propulsion (assigned to a motor and / or reactor, etc.), regulation laws or commands (devolves to wing flaps and guide members), brake laws (disc brakes or other more rough ), laws of mechanics, laws of physics of materials, laws of thermal and / or thermodynamics, laws of mechanics of continuous media, laws of the physics of the atmosphere, laws of the weather, mathematical laws related to physics allowing to make the different interactions between the different laws, and this, without this list being limiting, etc. N selected IM information includes, but is not limited to, anemometer, altimeter, variometer, ball and turn indicator, compass or compass, directional and / or curator information gyroscopic heading, artificial horizon, hydraulics, and other measuring instruments relating for example to the proper functioning of motors and automatic systems, edge systems, operational aircraft systems (hydraulic, aerodynamic electric, braking, etc. .), the cabin pressure, the environment E, the interactions between the aircraft and the environment E, etc.

The N IM information selected also includes information on the interactions between on-board systems and automatic systems, information between measurement systems and on-board systems, and interactions between measurement systems and automatic systems. etc.

According to the invention, to ensure that the stress and panic situation disappears complement and to assist the pilot in his decision making, the MCCI means is further adapted to cooperate with the existing circuit (for example the autopilot and the current pilot cabins) so as to provide the pilot P, at his request and / or in a timely manner, or when the aircraft is in a degraded situation, in real time, without the latter in any way demonstrating that a significant intellectual activity (reflection), at least one optimal solution SO which comprises: a logical sequence of the N MI information and at least one structured and justified instruction relating to the use of said N MI information describing what the pilot must do .

The optimal solution SO proposed, allows the pilot P to become well aware of the situation in which the aircraft A is to avoid any doubt and / or panic and / or stress relating to the situation of the aircraft. These included objectives to be achieved, decisions to be made, a process of implementation, actions to be taken to remedy a problem, sequences of actions to be carried out in order, etc. The optimal solutions are updated according to the actions taken and the state and evolution of the system.

According to the invention, the optimal solution is obtained by robust means making it possible to considerably improve the situation in which the aircraft is located.

According to the invention, the MCCI means comprises means for retrieving the data from the database BD, for example a data logger and means for accessing said database, for example a switch, means for analyzing the data. which include means of analyzing the state and evolution of the aircraft over time (present and future), for example the navigator.

According to the invention, the means MCCI is able to propose to the pilot P, under stress or panic, in real time or in due time, at least one justified instruction necessary for the operation of said aircraft A when the aircraft is in operation. a degraded situation. This means MCCI is furthermore capable, in view of the physical laws and the history of the N IM information that it comprises, of distinguishing among the N information MI at least a fair information U and at least one erroneous information IE relating to the behavior of the aircraft A in the environment E and to present the said information IJ and / or erroneous IE to the pilot by visual and / or auditory evocative symbols so that the said pilot is aware of the actual situation in which is located the aircraft A.

Said optimal solution SO being provided to the pilot, in a structured manner and justified so that the pilot believes in the accuracy of the correct information IJ and / or erroneous IE received.

According to the invention, the MCCI means further comprising a specific database BDt, dedicated solely for this purpose for the proper functioning of the MCCI means not directly accessible to the pilot P. Said database BDt interacts and exchanges the N MI information with the database BD and is capable of recovering, integrating, storing, creating and restoring or transmitting, in real time, to the pilot P, at least one MI information selected from the N MI information to allow the pilot P to become aware of the actual normal and / or degraded situation in which the aircraft A is located despite the panic and / or the stress and / or the doubt that the pilot P may have had with regard to the situation in which the aircraft is located. This database BDt is also capable of proposing to the pilot P at least one justified instruction necessary for the operation of the aircraft A in the environment E so as to avoid any situation. angereuse.

The MCCI means furthermore comprising at least one means MPLA for preselecting, reading, analyzing and comparing information not directly accessible to the pilot P, connected to the database BDt and to the database BD, capable of preselect, read and analyze at least N MI information necessary for the piloting and security of the aircraft A among the MI information stored in the database BD and / or BDt, to query the database BDt for check whether said N MI information comply with at least one tabular physical law relating to the aircraft A, the environment E and the interactions between the environment E and the aircraft A, in order to detect the information MI among the N information MI that are inconsistent or consistent with at least one tabulated physical law. The MPLA means operates by means of a dedicated algorithm which compares, for the N MI information, theoretical values resulting from the physical and real laws resulting from the direct measurements.

According to the invention, the MCCI means further comprises an information transformation means MT, connected to the database BDt, the database BD and the MPLA means. This means simultaneously makes it possible to select, classify and store, in the database BDt, among the N MI information chosen, MI information that is just IJ and MI information that are erroneous IE.

According to the invention, the MCCI means comprises a communication means MCt integrated in the communication means MC, allowing, on the one hand, to present to the pilot P, in real time, via at least one visual and / or audible symbol, the behavior of the aircraft A in the environment E and the correct information IJ and / or erroneous IE to enable said pilot P to become aware of the actual behavior of the aircraft A in the environment E, and secondly, to propose to the pilot P an optimal solution SO helping him in his decision-making.

According to other characteristics of the invention, the MCCI means comprises an integration means MIT, connected to the databases BD and BDt, allowing, in the case of degraded behavior of the aircraft A in the environment E and / or at the request of the pilot or in an emergency, on the one hand to interrogate, process and compile instantly all the information read and stored in said BD and BDt databases and, on the other hand, to create and propose in real time to said pilot P, via the communication means MCt, the optimal solution SO necessary for the operation of the aircraft in the environment E. This optimal solution SO is displayed and / or listened to by the pilot via the communication means MC or MCt, said communication means MCt being accessible to the pilot P.

The MCCI means furthermore comprising an access means MA, accessible to the pilot, enabling said pilot to operate the MIT means and obtain an optimal solution SO without being thoughtful to improve the level of consciousness of the pilot in real situation. in which the aircraft is. This means of access is a push button placed in the cabin, particularly close to the handle or the joystick. This means MA is an element of the communication means MCt. According to other characteristics of the invention, the N information MI mainly comprises - at least two airspeed parameters, - at least two static pressure and / or altitude pressure parameters, - at least two static pressure variation parameters. and / or altitude, - at least one incidence parameter, - at least two pitch angle parameters - at least two engine speed parameters.

Advantageously, the pilot, by operating the MIT means, receives the correct information IJ, the erroneous information IE and at least one optimal solution SO in the form of structured auditory and / or visual messages mainly comprising at least three messages belonging to the following group of messages. information: - welcome information, confirming the proper functioning of the device - information relating to the situation in which the aircraft is located, - information providing the pilot with information relating to the good or bad operation of the aircraft and its components, - information on what will happen if nothing is done, - information on the action or actions to be taken, - information on the urgency of the action or the actions to be taken. undertakings, - information concerning the duration during which the action or actions must be undertaken, - indi as for the pilot in which period of time it is necessary to reiterate the request for information action,

According to other features of the invention, the means MCCI further comprises at least one means MDI intentionally request information by the driver P, located in said cockpit and easily accessible by said driver P, allowing trigger the provision of SO information to the pilot.

According to other characteristics of the invention, the specific communication means MCt comprises a screen accessible to the pilot P presenting the correct information U and possibly the erroneous information IE and possibly the optimal solutions SO by evocative symbols justifying the real situation, said screen comprising at least one image of a component of the aircraft A and / or environment E having the erroneous information IE and an image of the same component having a fair information IJ.

According to other features of the invention, the MCCI means comprises a welcome information delivered by said MCt means including a good operation information including for example "welcome" type sentences if the piloting aid device is working properly or "Pilot assistance device unavailable" if the flight aid device does not provide reliable information.

According to the invention, the MCCI means for controlling the coherence of the N MI information further comprises a reserve of clean electrical energy allowing it to operate autonomously for a sufficiently long predefined time so that when said MCCI means detects at least one incoherent information, at least one visual MCt communication means lights up so that the driver tends to query the MCCI means to obtain an optimal solution SO.

To set to music the control device according to the invention, a method of implementation is defined. The method in question comprises the succession of the following steps which are taken in an order stated below or in a different order: step 1: selection of N information necessary for the piloting and the safety of the aircraft A among the information MI stored in the database BD, - step 2: selection of the physical laws relating to the N selected IM information, - step 3: storing at each instant of said N selected IM information, - step 4: checking at each moment that the N selected MI information is in accordance with all the corresponding physical laws, - step 4.1: if at least one of the N selected MI information is in accordance with the corresponding physical laws, then the communication means indicate to the pilot P that said information is information on the one hand, and on the other hand, the system functions normally, said information being recorded in the BDt database to be used later, - step 4.2: if at least one of the selected N IM information is not in accordance with the corresponding physical laws, then the communication means indicate to the driver P that said information is erroneous information on the one hand, and on the other hand the system does not operate normally, said information being recorded in the database BDt for later use. step 4.3: if the information is erroneous, the audible and / or visual evocative symbol prompts the pilot P to interrogate the means MCCI which explains to him what information is erroneous and proposes an optimal solution SO structured to improve the driving of the aircraft.

According to a particular embodiment, the device for assisting the piloting and raising of doubt of an aircraft A comprises a control cabin C and at least one pilot P. The aircraft A evolves according to numerous physical parameters and cabin of control C communicating to the driver P a large amount of MI information, one or more of the MI information presented to the driver may be erroneous. The device according to this embodiment allows the pilot to become more aware of the actual situation in which he is. The cockpit simultaneously comprises: conventional means of providing information including dials and / or screens presenting the pilot with segmented visual information and audible alarms, conventional means of piloting said aircraft, which comprises a handle, a rudder as well as control levers,

The piloting aid device according to this embodiment simultaneously comprises: reading means taking in real time N information from the information MI, in particular N important parameters for the piloting and the safety of the aircraft, these N information being preselected among all available MI information, N being an integer greater than 20; a BSD data storage base making it possible to store the value of the N pre-selected MI information on the one hand and, on the other hand, to store the M preselected physical laws linking the different N MI information items, M being an integer greater than N; physical laws including redundant parameter equalities; a means of analysis and comparison in real time of said N MI information between them and with the physical laws linking the various N MI information provided to the pilot, allowing real-time analysis of all N pre-selected MI information and to detect the information and / or parameters that would be inconsistent given the preselected physical laws that bind them and / or their evolution over time; a means of communication to the driver of the N MI information that is defined as erroneous by the analysis and comparison means, so that if one or more information is not correct then said communication means informs the pilot immediately by the presentation of an evocative symbology justified on the one hand, and by the emission of an audible and structured message on the other hand, allowing the pilot to be fully aware of the situation in which the aircraft is, and to believe in the veracity of the information provided by the communication means, this communication means comprising: at least one screen presenting, at the request of the pilot or in case of emergency, said justified evocative symbology of the actual situation in which the aircraft is located, at least one loudspeaker located in the cockpit, to deliver to the pilot, on request or in case of emergency, a structured and audible the actual situation in which the aircraft is located.

Advantageously, the piloting aid device further comprises at least one MDI information request means, located in said pilot cabin and accessible by the pilot, for triggering the provision of information to the pilot.

Advantageously, the screen presenting the justified evocative symbology of the actual situation comprises the image of the component presenting erroneous information under a thick red cross to show that this information is erroneous IE, as well as the image of the same equipment presenting a just information IJ.

Advantageously, the welcome information stated in the driver P implicitly includes a running information including the "welcome" type sentences if the piloting aid device is working properly or "piloting assistance device unavailable" if the device flight aid does not provide reliable information.

Advantageously, the screen presenting, at the request of the pilot or in case of emergency, the evocative justified symbology and the loudspeaker located in the cockpit indicate the actual situation in which the aircraft is located. This symbology, associated with the loudspeaker and the MDI information request means are located on a removable computer tablet placed in addition and alongside conventional steering instruments, including the handle.

According to other features of the invention, the piloting aid device comprises a reserve of clean electrical energy enabling it to operate autonomously for a sufficiently long predefined time.

Advantageously, when the analysis and comparison means detects an inconsistency of the N MI information, the information request means is illuminated so that the driver has the tendency to actuate it.

Advantageously, the implementation method of the device according to the invention comprises the succession of the following steps taken in the order stated below or in a different order: step 1: selection of N information MI from the information MI, in particular aircraft parameters. step 2: selection of the physical laws linking the different N MI information chosen. step 3: storing at each moment the N IM information chosen. step 4: checking at each instant that N selected information respects all the selected physical laws: step 4.1: if the means of analysis and comparison verify that all N selected MI information respect all the selected laws, then the means communication MCt informs, at the request of the pilot, that all systems operate normally, step 4.2: if one or more of N selected MI information do not respect one or more selected laws, then the communication means MCt generates an image or a following images in the form of an evocative and justified symbology on the one hand and a structured audio message on the other hand allowing the pilot to become fully aware of the situation in which he finds himself, to understand what information is wrong, d 'to more easily raise the doubt and understand what is the original failure and believe the informatio n provided by the means of communication to the extent that this information is justified. The example, described below, of another embodiment comprises a modern civil aircraft such as an Airbus A380 for example. Here more than 3000 parameters are available on an "ARINC" line similar to an internet cable. In several places of the plane it is possible to collect more than 3000 parameters several times per second. These parameters are, for example, the temperature, the external pressure or the airspeed. Some of these parameters are transmitted and recorded in one of the black boxes of the aircraft. All these parameters change over time. All these parameters are bound by very specific physical laws. It is remarkable to see, after an accident, that the analysis of some parameters collected (less than a hundred) by the black boxes allows the engineers knowing all the physical laws governing the behavior of the aircraft, and being in the calm of their office, to understand very quickly what was the original breakdown and the unfolding events.

In order to better understand the interest of the device which is the subject of the invention, it is first necessary to take a very simple example: the pressure of each tire of the landing gear varies as a function of the initial pressure and the temperature. The initial pressure is about 10 Bars. The law of Mariotte (PV = NRT) makes it possible to correspond at each moment the pressure of the gas with the temperature. In the aircraft AIRBUS A380 twenty tires have pressure sensors. This corresponds to 20 parameters. It is possible to compare these twenty parameters with each other and to verify that if the twenty parameters corresponding to the twenty pressure sensors give the same value, and if Mariotte's law is respected in view of a temperature information, it is probable that all the tires are inflated properly, and the temperature value is correctly measured. If one of these twenty parameters slowly deviates from the value of the nineteen other parameters, it is probable that the tire corresponding to this parameter has a leak or the sensor fails. If the value of one of the twenty parameters suddenly deviates from the nineteen others, then it is likely that a pressure sensor has failed or a tire has exploded. In both cases, it is necessary to inform the pilot to take the appropriate measures (low-mass landing, putting firefighters on alert, etc.). If the twenty tire pressure parameters have substantially the same value, but are not consistent with the Mariotte law, it is likely that the temperature parameter is wrong. It is therefore necessary to compare it with other temperature parameters and see if other physical laws using the same temperature parameter are also violated. In this case it is probable that the value of the temperature sensor parameter is wrong and that all the parameters obtained from the erroneous value of this temperature sensor are also erroneous. It is therefore necessary, in this case, to warn the pilot that this temperature measurement is incorrect and that it is the original source of other measurement errors which are for example the indicated speed or the cabin temperature regulation for example.

In the embodiment described here, among the available parameters and the information presented to the pilot, two hundred are selected. The physical laws linking these parameters constitute so many equations that must be checked at every moment. The number of these physical laws is greater than two hundred. These laws include the equalities of the redundant parameters, the physical laws describing the balances of the mechanics for example the equality between the lift and the weight or the drag and the push engines. These laws must be refined according to transient modes to account for forces due to acceleration. The technical detail is too voluminous to be described here, but the reader will be able to understand the approach used by the description of characteristic examples.

An aircraft often has its own characteristics, not only each parameter must be in a range of two values, one minimum, the other maximum, but also all parameters can evolve in a limited field. For example, you can not fly at a speed of 800 km / h and have an angle of incidence of 15 °. For a given mass and a given altitude / pressure, a given configuration, and at a given angle of attack corresponds to one and only one relatively narrow range of velocity value. The aircraft parameters are in fact linked by laws that are known to the engineering firms that designed the aircraft. If the pre-established laws are no longer apparently respected, it is necessarily due to the fact that one or more elements of measurement of parameters do not work correctly. All domain situations can be studied and according to the location parameters. Values of the parameters can be deduced, on the one hand, the exact situation in which the aircraft is and on the other hand to state a predefined message indicating the action to be taken by the pilot.

All accidents and incidents that have existed as well as those that may exist in the future can be reviewed. Messages can be predefined. Given the large number of possible situations, it is impossible to name them all here. The following situations are explained here by way of example.

If we take the case of the accident of Mont-Saint Odile, the plane was downhill to the airport which for this track did not have a "glide slope", but only a navigation aid "VOR". Pilots had to rely on the passage of a beacon and a rate of descent. An error in the nature of the rate of descent (angle in degree or rate of descent in number of feet per minute) caused the aircraft to hit the summit of Mont Saint Odile. If this aircraft had been equipped with the piloting aid device of the invention, the means of analysis and comparison would have analyzed the situation using all available parameters and would have concluded that the aircraft was downhill to Basel Mulhouse airport, but with a rate of descent that led him to hit Mont Saint Odile in a few seconds. The message in plain language would have been: "Hello, you are descending to Mulhouse Bay airport, all the vital aircraft systems are working properly, the rate of descent is too high, if you do not do anything crash in 40 seconds, immediately, go-around, angle 12 °, to take a new approach, call me back in 15 seconds ". The pilots would have been aware of the catastrophic situation in which they were and could thus avoid this disaster. This device implies that the means of analysis and comparison has in memory the information relating to terrain, landing procedures and expectations and the ability to extrapolate situations.

In the case of the crash of the Rio-Paris flight, the means of analysis and comparison would have analyzed the situation, would have unsealed that the speed indicators did not work at all. The message would have been: "Hello, you're in a flat stall situation with a right turn, the speed indicators are inoperative, crash in 3 minutes if nothing is done, push on the stick and go down to level 200, hold An angle of incidence of -2 °, motor at 80%, call me back in 20 seconds. The screen would have represented in profile a very pitched plane landing. Here again the pilots would have been aware of the catastrophic situation in which they were and could have avoided a disaster.

It is possible to add to the aircraft additional specific means dedicated to the piloting aid device, object of the invention to remove the doubt and confirm the origin of the malfunction. For example, it is possible to design to place one or more means of GPS navigation on the aircraft for example one on the front of the fuselage and one on each wing of the salmon to know in real time the position of the center of gravity of the aircraft relative to a fixed fix (latitude, longitude, height) as well as the angles of incidence, roll and yaw as well as the evolution of these angles as a function of time. These indications make it possible to check the order of magnitude of the numerous parameters used for the piloting such as speed, altitude, angle of attack, etc. One can thus remove the doubt about the equipment or the equipment broken down on the one hand and on the other hand to be sure of the situation in which the plane is.

The device, object of the invention being additional, does not alter the control and control means and therefore has no real negative impact on safety. On the other hand by allowing the pilot to better realize the real situation in which he is and by helping him to make the way to remove doubt, the device object of the invention significantly improves the level of security.

Alternative embodiments make it possible to avoid the cases of accidents described above and also make it possible to eliminate the possibility of hundreds of other future incidents or potential accidents.

It can thus be seen that it is possible to carry out industrially a device complementary to the conventional control systems, not interfering with the current control systems and making it possible to improve the safety of aircraft by giving the pilot the possibility of in exceptional situations to better understand the actual situation in which his aircraft is and to deduce more reliably and quickly actions to take.

Contrary to the prejudices of believing that the pilot of a complex aircraft possesses exceptional judgmental capabilities, and proper training, and that audible alarms and multiple visual information allow the pilot to understand the situation in which he finds himself. it is possible to help the pilot to better understand what is happening to him by providing him with visual messages including a justified evocative symbology and / or structured auditory messages, which he will necessarily see and / or listen to as long as these messages are clearly justified and / or requested by the pilot.

The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described and shown, but the skilled person will be able to make any variant within his mind, particularly in other technical fields of aeronautics such as rockets for example or in outside the aeronautical field, as in the case of driving and steering nuclear power plants or submarines for example.

Claims (14)

CLAIMS 1) Device for assisting the piloting and raising of doubt of an aircraft A allowing at least one pilot P of said aircraft A to become more aware of the actual state in which the aircraft A is located, especially when said pilot P is in a state of stress and / or panic, in particular to become more aware of a normal and / or degraded situation in which the aircraft A is located, and to propose to said pilot P at least one instruction making it possible to improve the the situation in which the aircraft A is located, said aircraft A operating in an environment E with which it is interacting, said aircraft A comprising: at least one database BD which comprises a multiplicity of information MI relating to the aircraft A, its piloting in the environment E including the behavior of the aircraft A in the environment E, the environment E, and the interactions between the aircraft A and the environment E, said low e of BD data being able to integrate and / or store and / or restore and / or transmit, in real time MI information, at least one control cabin C housing said driver P which comprises: • at least one means MP control system enabling the pilot P to control the aircraft, to interact with the database BD and to exchange at least one MI information with said database BD, said MP control means being connected to the database BD and being directly accessible to the pilot P, and • at least one evocative communication means MC, audible and / or visual and / or touchable, for transmitting to the pilot P and / or to exchange with the pilot P at least one information MI needed to control the aircraft A, said communication means MC being connected to the database BD and being directly accessible to the pilot P, said pilot P piloting the aircraft according to the MI information made available by the base of d BD is provided via the control means MP and the evocative communication means MC, characterized by the presence of a means MCCI for checking the coherence of the information MI, cooperating with the database BD and being connected to at least one means of MCt evocative communication and optionally to an MPt control means directly accessible to the pilot, said MCCI means comprising: a multiplicity of tabular or digitized physical laws relating to the aircraft A, to the environment E and to the interactions between the environment E and the aircraft A, and N MI information necessary for the piloting and security of the aircraft A and the history of said N MI information, said N MI information being selected from the MI database information BD required for driving and the safety of the aircraft A, N being an integer greater than or equal to 20. and in that said MCCI means being further capable of providing the pilot with P, at his request and / or in good time, or when the aircraft is in a degraded situation, in real time, without the latter manifesting in any way whatsoever a significant intellectual activity (reflection), at least one optimal solution SO which comprises at least one structured and justified instruction relating to the use of said N MI information and possibly a logical sequence of the N MI information, said optimal solution SO allowing the pilot P to become aware of the situation in which is found the aircraft A to avoid any doubt and / or panic and / or stress related to the situation of the aircraft. 2) Device for assisting the piloting and raising of doubt according to claim 1 characterized in that the MCCI means is furthermore capable of proposing to said pilot P, in real time or in due time, at least one justified instruction necessary for the said aircraft A, said means MCCI being furthermore capable, in view of the physical laws and the history of the N MI information that it comprises, of distinguishing among the N information MI at least one fair information IJ and at least one information erroneous IE relating to the behavior of the aircraft A in the environment E and to present the said information IJ and / or erroneous IE to the pilot by visual and / or auditory evocative symbols so that said pilot is aware of the real situation in which is the aircraft A that he is piloting, and that the optimal solution SO is provided to the pilot in a structured and justified manner so that the pilot believes in the truth. just information IJ and / or erroneous IE received. 3) device for assisting the piloting and doubt as claimed in claim 1 or 2, the MCCI means further comprises a specific database BDt interacting and exchanging the N MI information with the database BD and being able to recover , integrate, store, create and restore or transmit, in real time, to the pilot P, at least one information MI selected from the N MI information to allow the pilot P to become aware of the actual situation and or degraded in which the aircraft A is located in spite of the panic and / or the stress and / or the doubt that said pilot P may have had with regard to the situation in which the aircraft A is located, said database being in Moreover capable of proposing to said pilot P at least one justified instruction necessary for the conduct of said aircraft A in the environment E so as to avoid any dangerous situations. 4) Device for assisting driving and doubt as claimed in claim 3 characterized in that the MCCI means further comprising at least one MPLA means for preselecting, reading, analyzing and comparing information, connected to the database BDt and the database BD, capable of pre-selecting, reading and analyzing at least N MI information necessary for the piloting and security of the aircraft A among the information MI stored in the database BD and / or BDt, to interrogate the database BDt to check whether said N IM information comply with at least one tabular physical law relating to the aircraft A, to the environment E and to the interactions between the environment E and the aircraft A in order to detect the MI information among the N MI information that is inconsistent or consistent with at least one physical law tabulated or scanned. 5) Device for assisting the piloting and doubt as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the means MCCI further comprises a means MT for transforming information, connected to the database BDt, to the database BD and by means MPLA, allowing simultaneously to select, classify and store in the database BDt among the N MI information selected, MI information that are just IJ and MI information that are erroneous IE. 6) Device for assisting the piloting and doubt as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 5 characterized in that the means MCCI comprises MCt communication means integrated in the communication means MC, to present to the pilot P in real time, via at least one visual and / or audible symbol, the behavior of the aircraft A in the environment E and the correct information IJ and / or erroneous IE to enable said pilot P to become aware of the real behavior of the aircraft. aircraft A in the environment E. 7) Device for assisting the piloting and the raising of doubt according to claim 6, characterized in that the means MCCI comprises an integration means MIT, connected to the databases BD and BDt, allowing, in the case of a behavior degradation of the aircraft A in the environment E and / or at the request of the pilot or in an emergency, on the one hand to interrogate, process and instantly compile all the information read and stored in said databases; data BD and BDt and, secondly, to create and propose in real time to said pilot P the optimal solution SO necessary for the aircraft in the environment E, this via the communication means MC or MCt, said communication means MCt being accessible to the pilot P, and said means MCCI further comprising an access means MA, accessible to the pilot, allowing said pilot to operate the MIT means and obtain an optimal solution SO to improve the level of conscience the pilot of the actual situation in which the aircraft is located. 8) Device for aiding and clearing of doubt according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the N MI information mainly comprise - at least two airspeed parameters, - at least two static pressure parameters and / or altitude, - at least two static pressure and / or altitude variation parameters, - at least one incidence parameter, - at least two pitch angle parameters - at least two engine speed parameters. 9) Device for assisting the piloting and the raising of doubt according to any one of claims 7 to 8 characterized in that the pilot by actuating the means MIT, receives the correct information D, the erroneous information IE and at least one optimal solution SO in the form of structured auditory and / or visual messages comprising mainly at least three messages forming part of the following group of information: - a welcome information, confirming the correct operation of the device - information relating to the situation in which finds said aircraft, - information providing the pilot with information relating to the good or bad functioning of the aircraft and its components, - information relating to what will happen if nothing is done, - information relating to the action or actions to be undertaken, - information on the urgency of the action or the actions to be taken, - information elative to the duration during which the action or actions must be undertaken, - information indicating to the pilot in which period of time it is necessary to reiterate the request for information action, 10) Device for assisting control and doubt as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the MCCI means further comprises at least one means MDI intentionally request information by the driver P, located in said cockpit and easily accessible by said driver P, for triggering the supply of information SO to the pilot. 11) Device for assisting the piloting and clearing of doubt according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the communication means MCt comprises a screen accessible to the pilot P presenting the correct information IJ and possibly the erroneous information IE and possibly the optimal SO solutions by evocative symbols justifying the actual situation in which the aircraft is located, said screen comprising at least one image of a component of the aircraft A and / or the environment E having the erroneous information as well as an image of the same component presenting true information. 12) Device for assisting the piloting and the raising of doubt according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the means MCCI comprises a welcome information delivered by means MCt including a good functioning information which comprises by sentences of "welcome" type if the flight aid device is functioning properly or of the "pilot assistance device unavailable" device if the flight aid device does not make it possible to obtain reliable information. 13) Device for assisting the piloting and clearing of doubt according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the MCCI means for checking the coherence of the N MI information further comprises a reserve of clean electrical energy allowing it a autonomous operation for a predefined sufficiently long time so that, when said MCCI means detect at least one incoherent information, at least one visual MCt communication means illuminates so that the driver tends to interrogate the MCCI means to obtain an optimal solution SO. 14) A method for implementing the steering assistance device and the lever of doubt according to any one of claims 4 to 13 wherein the succession of the following steps are taken in an order stated below or in a sequence different: step 1: selection of N information necessary for the piloting and security of the aircraft A from the information MI stored in the database BD, step 2: selection of the physical laws relating to the N selected IM information, step 3: storing at each instant of said N selected IM information, - step 4: checking at each instant that the N selected MI information is in agreement with all the corresponding physical laws, - step 4.1: if at least one of the N information MI selected is in agreement with the corresponding physical laws, then the means of communication indicate to the pilot P that said information is information jus On the one hand, and on the other hand, the system functions normally, said information being recorded in the database BDt for later use, step 4.2: if at least one of the N selected IM information is not in use. agreement with the corresponding physical laws, then the means of communication indicate to the pilot P that said information is erroneous information IE on the one hand, and that on the other hand the system does not function normally, said information being recorded in the database of BDt data for later use. step 4.3: if the information is erroneous, the audible and / or visual evocative symbol prompts the pilot P to interrogate the means MCCI which explains to him what information is erroneous and proposes an optimal solution SO structured to improve the driving of the aircraft.