FR2923918A1 - ELETROMAGNETIC WAVE COLLECTION DEVICE - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an electromagnetic wave collecting device (10). The invention finds a particularly interesting application in the field of solar energy as a light beam collector. The device (10) has a first concentrator element having a reflecting surface (11), said reflecting surface (11) reflecting a set of waves (9) from said transmitter and a second receiving element having a wave receiving surface (12). ), said receiving surface (12) receiving waves reflected on said reflecting surface (11). The reflecting surface (11) and the receiving surface (12) have a specific shape adapted to reception by said receiving surface (12) of the wave assembly (9) from the transmitter regardless of the azimuth and the height of said transmitter and without modifying the position of the concentrator (11) or the receiver (12).

Description

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE COLLECTION DEVICE

The present invention relates to an electromagnetic wave collecting device. The invention finds a particularly interesting application in the field of solar energy as a light beam collector. Solar energy is the energy that the sun radiates, directly or diffusely through the atmosphere. To estimate the potential of solar energy, it is sufficient to know that the totality received on Earth in just under an hour would, if recoverable in its entirety, meet the energy needs of humanity during a year. In other words, the solar energy received on the surface of the globe is about 10,000 times the energy consumed by the entire world population. It would therefore be sufficient to capture 0.01% of this energy to succeed in dispensing energy from fossil fuel-based production methods, sectors that emit a large portion of greenhouse gases. The development and current interest in solar energy is due in part to the foreseeable depletion of non-renewable energies such as oil, gas, coal, but also to the desire to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases. tight. Solar energy can be a very effective complement to other energies. The energy we receive from the sun varies by region, depending on the region's annual sunshine and latitude. This energy received at the surface of the Earth, called solar flux, must be used and transformed with the best possible performance by a solar collector. A solar collector is any device capable of directly recovering a more or less important part of the energy obtained from the solar radiation that reaches it, and of converting this energy into another form of energy that can be used by humans.

There are two types of known solar collectors distinguished by the type of energy transformation they provide: solar thermal collectors and photoelectric solar collectors also called photovoltaic collectors.

The principle of solar thermal collectors is to convert the energy of solar radiation into heat using solar panels, usually flat surfaces, and a circulation system of a heat transfer fluid to transport the heat absorbed by the fluid coolant to a storage place.

Solar photovoltaic collectors comprise a panel, generally of flat surface, in which photovoltaic cells are integrated which convert the energy of solar radiation into electricity. Photovoltaic cells are fragile cells that need to be encapsulated in solar panels to protect them from shocks and moisture. Whatever the type of sensors, the production of electrical or thermal energy of these devices varies according to the position of the sun during the day. Solar rays are rarely captured at their maximum intensity, except for a brief moment, when the position of the sun is at its zenith in the plane of the meridian of the place. The apparent movements of the sun in the day and according to the date in the year, imply that the azimuth and the height of the sun's rays relative to the solar collector evolve permanently. The efficiency of these devices, especially if they are flat, decreases sharply when the date moves away from that of the equinoxes. In a known manner, in order to increase the efficiency of these sensors, devices have been developed so as to concentrate the solar energy much more significantly. These devices are called solar concentration sensors or solar collectors. Solar collectors are

typically used in solar power plants for solar power generation on a larger scale. The production of solar electricity in solar power plants follows the same principle as other heat transformations into electricity (thermal power stations, nuclear power plants, etc.). The heat is converted into mechanical energy by means of a gas carried at high temperature and high pressure which rotates a turbine driving an alternator. For the system to have a good performance, it is essential to obtain high temperatures to sufficiently heat the gas. Today, solar collectors do not allow to reach such temperatures. To improve the efficiency, the principle of a solar power station today consists of concentrating the solar rays to a point using a solar collector including a multitude of mobile panels called heliostats.

Solar power plants are classified according to the method used by solar collectors to focus the sun's rays. In so-called cylindro-parabolic collector plants, a reflective surface or reflector, of cylindro-parabolic shape, concentrates the solar rays on a horizontal tube, in which circulates a heat transfer fluid which is used to transport the heat towards the solar power station. To be effective for a whole year, the reflector rotates around a horizontal axis which allows to capture the maximum of solar rays regardless of the inclination of the sun during different periods of the year. However, for a given date in the year, this system does not capture the maximum solar flux available throughout the day. In a parabolic collector plant, the reflectors are located on a large paraboloid. The sun's rays are concentrated on the focal point of the dish, where there is a device to convert the solar energy thus concentrated into electrical energy. In a parabolic collector, the sun's rays are concentrated to their maximum intensity

only when the rays are parallel to the axis of said paraboloid, that is to say when the sun is at its zenith passing in the meridian plane of the place. When the sun is not in this position, the rays are no longer parallel to the axis of the paraboloid; the paraboloid no longer concentrates the rays on a point, the yield of these devices then decreases considerably. To remedy this loss of efficiency, when the sun is not at its zenith, the parabolic collectors of these power stations can be steered using a complex mechanism allowing to follow the movements in real time of the sun, according to its height and its azimuth.

In a Fresnel mirror plant, the global parabolic mirror or the curved mirrors approximating it, are replaced by strips of small flat tilting mirrors, arranged parallel to the ground. Each of these small mirrors is tilted specifically to follow the movements of the sun and to ensure that the reflected rays converge to the receiver at all times. There are also Fresnel mirror plants arranged parallel to the ground associated with a mobile receiver moving to receive convergent reflected rays at all times. A final solution is to replace the Fresnel mirrors with Fresnel lenses. However, the problem of tracking the movements of the sun is of the same nature as before. Thus, in order to obtain the best possible yields, the current solar collectors must be reclining to constantly monitor the positioning of the sun according to the time of day and the date in the year. There are manifolds that are tilting along one or two axes of rotation; in the most complex systems, the two axes of rotation can be motorized. To optimize the efficiency of the solar collectors, it is then essential to provide a device controlling in real time the positioning along the horizontal axis and the vertical axis of the solar collector.

Such a positioning device requires a great precision of the

motors, real-time computer-aided steering and involves significant energy consumption and maintenance costs. Consequently, the solutions presented above have certain difficulties of profitability and implementation to be used and developed on a large scale. Indeed, these devices are relatively expensive because of their complexity of parameterization, the association of precise electric motors and the need to have large sunny spaces to have a relatively interesting performance. In this context, the invention aims to provide a collector of electromagnetic waves, in particular solar, to overcome the problems that have just been exposed and in particular the use of a complex mechanism of orientation of the collector . To this end, the invention proposes an electromagnetic wave collecting device capable of receiving waves from an emitter comprising: a first concentrator element having a reflective surface or a refractive wave surface, said reflective or refractive reflecting surface or refracting a set of waves from said transmitter; a second receiver element having a wave receiving surface, said receiving surface receiving the waves reflected on said reflective surface or refracted by said refracting surface; said device being characterized in that said reflective or refracting surface and said receiving surface have a shape adapted to reception by said receiving surface of said set of waves from said transmitter regardless of azimuth and height of said transmitter and without modification of the position of said concentrator and said receiver. The term "wave collector" or "collector" denotes the entire device formed by a concentrator comprising a surface

reflecting mirror or a refracting surface for concentrating energy, and a wave receiver or receiver; said receiver comprises a receiving surface whose shape is directly related to that of the concentrator. The collector further comprises a converter device transforming the energy of the perceived waves into another form of energy usable by man. Said converter is for example, for solar waves, a device comprising a plurality of photovoltaic cells. Thanks to the invention, especially in the case of solar waves, it is possible to concentrate most of the sunlight reflected regardless of the azimuth and the height of the sun, while keeping the fixed wave collector device ; for this it is necessary to have said wave collector device so that the plane of symmetry of the wave collector coincides with the meridian plane of the place. Thus, irrespective of the height and azimuth of the sun, the concentrator concentrates on the receiver the light rays received at a single convergence point or on a narrow convergence zone around the cusp point of the caustic of the reflected rays. The convergence point or the convergence zone moves on the receiver, according to the azimuth and the height of the sun. On the receiver is installed the converter, thermal device or photovoltaic, thus allowing to recover and transform the maximum of the solar energy received by the concentrator. The wave collector according to the invention may comprise, in addition to the main characteristics which have just been mentioned in the preceding paragraph, one or more of the following characteristics, considered individually or in any technically possible combination: the concentrator has a fixed reflective surface generated by a curve of which a developoid presents whatever the azimuth and the height of said emitter, a cusp point or a very restricted zone of convergence corresponding to the top of a caustic and

said receiver has a receiving surface generated by the locus of displacement of said cusp point or said convergence zone of said caustic; - The electromagnetic waves are light waves, including light rays from the sun; the reflecting surface of said concentrator has an identical hypocycloidal horizontal and vertical concavity and said receiving surface of said receiver has a complementary vertical concavity, the place of displacement of said cusp point of the caustic; the reflecting surface of said concentrator has an identical deltoidal horizontal and vertical concavity and said receiving surface has a three-reversing epicycloidal vertical concavity; the geometry of said reflective surface of said concentrator is defined by the following parametric equations whose Cartesian coordinates are: x = r * [2 * Sin (t) - Sin (2 * t) + (2 * Cos (v) + Cos (2 * v) + 1.5) * Cos (t / 2)]; y = r * [- (2 * Cos (t) + Cos (2 * t) + 1 + (2 * Cos (v) + Cos (2 * v) + 1,5) * Sin (t / 2)) ]; z = r * [- (2 * Sin (v) where Sin (2 * v) ù a)]; where t is a variable expressed in radians; v is a variable expressed in radians; r is a parameter of the deltoid variable; a is a constant; and the geometry of said receiving surface is defined by the following parametric equations whose Cartesian coordinates are: x = r * [2 * Sin (t) - Sin (2 * t) - (4 * Cos (v / 2) + Cos (2 * v) ù 0.5) * Cos (t / 2)]; y = r * [- (2 * Cos (t) + Cos (2 * t) + 1 - (4 * Cos (v / 2) + Cos (2 * v) ù 0.5) * Sin (t / 2) ))];

z = r * [- (4 * Sin (v / 2) + Sin (2 * v) - (a)]; where t is a variable expressed in radians; v is a variable expressed in radians; r is a parameter of the deltoid variable; a is a constant; each horizontal section of said reflecting surface defines a curve, called a horizontal curve, the curves generated by each horizontal section being identical; each epicyclic curve of a vertical plane of said receiving surface is perpendicular to each of the deltoid horizontal curves of the reflecting surface; the wave collector device comprises a converter transforming the concentrated energy on said receiving surface into thermal or electrical energy, said converter being disposed on said receiving surface; the converter comprises a plurality of photovoltaic or thermal sensors; said photovoltaic or thermal sensors are mounted on a mobile support; the wave collector comprises three reflecting surfaces arranged at an angle of 120 degrees between each reflecting surface; each of said reflecting surfaces is associated with a receiving surface; - The laying plan of said collector device is inclined at an angle 13 relative to a reference horizontal plane; angle 13 is defined by the equation: (3 = 53.44 ° C, where 13 is expressed in degrees;

1 is a variable, corresponding to the latitude of the place, expressed in degrees. Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge more clearly from the description which is given below, by way of indication and in no way limiting, with reference to the appended figures, among which: FIG. 1 represents a schematic diagram in vertical section of the doubly deltoidal wave collector according to the invention; FIG. 2 represents a wired view of the doubly deltoidal wave collector device according to the invention; FIG. 3 represents an exemplary embodiment of rigid frames constituting the receiver and serving as a support for the receiving surface. In all the figures, the common elements bear the same reference numbers. The concepts of direction and position, of the "horizontal", "vertical", ... type are mentioned in conventional conditions of disposition of the various elements concerned when they are actually put in place in a wave collector device. FIG. 1 illustrates the operating principle of a wave collector device 10, of double deltoidal type, according to the invention. The device 10 is shown in section in a vertical plane. Said device 10 is composed of a reflecting surface 11 such as a mirror and a receiving surface 12 on which photovoltaic sensors for the transformation of solar energy can be arranged for example. The reflecting surface 11 is positioned along a vertical plane perpendicular to the plane of section, and oriented so as to be able to pick up waves emitted by an emitter; the reflecting surface 11 has a particular deltoid concavity. For a position of the wave transmitter, the waves 9 are reflected on the deltoid concavity of the reflecting surface 11 forming a caustic 16 of astroid shape. When the waves 9 arrive perpendicular to the deltoid concavity, the

borders 19, 20 of the caustic 16 converge at a particular point 17 where most of the reflected waves are concentrated; the particular point 17 is called the cusp of the caustic. Regardless of the height position of the wave transmitter, the reflected waves form an astrooid caustic, with a cusp point moving along a specific curve 18 of epicycloid form with three cusps. When the waves do not strike perpendicularly but obliquely the reflecting surface 11, the borders 19 and 20 of the caustic 16 converge in an area very close to the epicyclic specific curve 18.

Receptor surface 12 is a part of the three-turn epicycloid specific curve 18. This portion is delineated by the impact of the caustic cusp at the summer solstice 15 and the cusp of the caustic at the winter solstice 13. Between the cusp of the caustic at the summer solstice 15 and the cusp of the caustic at the winter solstice 13, the sun passes through a position called equinox corresponding to the cusp of the caustic 14 on the receiving surface 12. Thus the receiving surface 12 receives a concentrated wave flow for any position of the transmitter in height.

This principle of operation is also verified for a displacement of the transmitter in a lateral way (variation of the azimuth). Indeed, the reflecting surface 11 comprises a second concavity defined by a horizontal deltoid curve perpendicular to the section plane and of the same characteristic as the concavity defined in this section plane: we will return to this point with reference to FIG. the application of this device with an emitting source such as the sun, makes it possible to recover via the receiving surface 12 all of the reflected rays regardless of the position in height or in azimuth of the sun and whatever the latitude of the location of the wave collector device. The receiving surface 12 recovers the essential of the reflected rays in a restricted area of

either side of the cusp 17: the size of the restricted area to optimize the amount of reflected rays recovered by the receiving surface 12. In other words, it is possible to position converters only on this area restricted, while recovering the essential of the solar rays, whatever the position in height or in azimuth of the sun. The improvement of the concentration of solar rays thus defined, makes it possible to have a fixed wave collector, of great efficiency, by dispensing with a complex mechanism of orientation. For this, it is only necessary to have said wave collector device 10 so that the plane of symmetry of the wave collector 10 coincides with the meridian plane of the locus of said device. In other words, in the northern hemisphere, the wave collector device 10 is oriented towards the south and in the southern hemisphere, said device 10 is oriented towards the north. However, in order to optimize the efficiency of the wave collector device 10 regardless of the latitude of the location, it is desirable to incline at an angle R the laying plane of said device 10 with respect to a horizontal reference plane. The angle 13 of inclination of the laying plane of the device is a function of the latitude of the place. The angle 13 is determined according to the relation: 13 = 53.44 ù c; where 13 and c are expressed in degrees, where c is the latitude of the place.

Indeed, at the equator, it is necessary to tilt the device to prevent the upper part of the device 10 creates a shadow zone on the concentrator thus reducing the efficiency of the wave collector 10. FIG. 2 , illustrates a three-dimensional wired view of the wave collector device 10 according to the invention.

As previously described, the receiving surface 11 has two concavities, a first concavity 21 in a vertical plane and a second concavity 22 in a horizontal plane. In the case where the wave collector device 10 is inclined at an angle 13, the term "horizontal plane and vertical plane" means the planes in reference to the device 10 forming an angle 13 with the horizontal and vertical reference plane.

The two concavities 21, 22 are similar and are of hypocycloidal shape. The illustration of FIG. 2 is a particular example of a hypocycloidal double concavity, with a reflective surface composed of a deltoidal double concavity 21 and 22. This geometric surface has the following particularity: each vertical section of the reflecting surface 11 is an identical deltoid curve 21 and each horizontal section of the reflecting surface 11 is an identical deltoid curve 22. The realization of the reflecting surface 11 can be carried out using a single piece defining the entire double deltoidal surface. This type of manufacture can be achieved using a digital machine, using the parametric equations defined below, then by forming in press for example. The doubly deltoidal shape of the reflecting surface may also be approximated by a succession of thin strips of the same width, for example a width close to 1/32 arc length. These strips can be fixed on vertical racks having the concave shape of the vertical deltoid 21 of the reflecting surface 11. The reflecting surface 11 can thus be supported by a rigid frame allowing a stable and fixed position of the reflecting surface 11.

The receiving surface 12 is generated by epicycloids, and more particularly in the example shown in FIG. 2, generated by epicycloids with three identical twists 23. Each vertical section of the reflecting surface 11 is associated with a deltoid curve 21. The receiving surface 12 thus formed makes it possible to reproduce the operation detailed in FIG. 1 for all the positions in azimuth of the sun. At each position of the sun in azimuth corresponds a deltoid curve 21 which reflects the solar rays in the form of a caustic which converges at a point, on an epicycloid 23 perpendicular to the deltoid curve 22. The parametric equations of the geometry of the surface reflective 11 doubly deltoidal and receiving surface 12

corresponding, whose Cartesian coordinates are given below allow the realization of a wave collector according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention. The geometry of said doubly deltoidal reflecting surface 11 is defined by the equations: x = r * [2 * Sin (t) - Sin (2 * t) + (2 * Cos (v) + Cos (2 * v) + 1.5) * Cos (t / 2)]; y = r * [- (2 * Cos (t) + Cos (2 * t) + 1 + (2 * Cos (v) + Cos (2 * v) + 1,5) * Sin (t / 2)) ]; z = r * [- (2 * Sin (v) where Sin (2 * v) ù a)]; where: - the variable "t", expressed in radians, varies from 2.094 to 4.188; the variable "t" corresponding to the angles from 120 degrees to 240 degrees; the variable "v", expressed in radians, varies from 2.094 to 4.188; the variable "v" corresponding to angles from 120 degrees to 240 degrees; the variable "r" is a parameter of the deltoid, corresponding to the radius of the deltoid base circle. The geometry of said receiving surface 12 of the concentrator, in the case of a doubly deltoidal reflective surface 11, is defined by the following equations: x = r * [2 * Sin (t) - Sin (2 * t) - (4 * Cos (v / 2) + Cos (2 * v) ù 0.5) * Cos (t / 2)]; y = r * [- (2 * Cos (t) + Cos (2 * t) + 1 - (4 * Cos (v / 2) + Cos (2 * v) ù 0.5) * Sin (t / 2) ))]; z = r * [- (4Sin (v / 2) + Sin (2 * v) ù a)]; where: - the variable "t", expressed in radians, varies from 2.094 to 4.188; the variable "t" corresponding to angles from 120 degrees to 240 degrees. the variable "v", expressed in radians, varies from 10.472 to 14.661; the variable "v" corresponding to angles of 600 degrees to 840 degrees. the variable "r" is a parameter of the deltoid, corresponding to the radius of the base circle. In the equations above, the symbols Sin and Cos mean respectively sine and cosine, the constant "a" in the equations z is

defined as the absolute value of the abscissa (x) of the cusp of the deltoid arc corresponding respectively to the value of t = 120 degrees and for a radius of the deltoid circle r = 1. Thus an approximate value of the constant "a" equals 2.59808.

For example, for a place of latitude 1 = 46 °, the useful part of the three-turn epicycloid corresponds to: t (in radians) ranging from 2.301 to 4.005; - v (in radians) ranging from 11,007 to 12,111. The equations of the reflecting surface belong to the family of hypocycloids describing in particular a deltoid of parameter r. The equations of the receiving surface belong to the family of epicycloids describing in particular an epicycloid with three cusps of parameter r, complementary to the deltoid of the reflecting surface. Other equations, including the family of hypocycloids and surfaces whose developoids have a cusp, allow to obtain the same caustic effect converging at a point or a very restricted area. The term "developoid" of a curve means the envelope of the lines making a constant angle α with said curve. Figure 3 illustrates an embodiment of rigid frames 31 forming the receiver 30 and defining the receiving surface, in the case of a doubly deltoidal reflective surface. The receiver 30 comprises identical rigid frames 31 arranged perpendicularly to the deltoid curve 22 of the reflecting surface. The rigid frames 31 have the upper limit three-reversing epicycloid 23 of the receiving surface and are fixed vertically on a horizontal plane 32 so as to form a surface corresponding to the receiving surface. These frames 31 may support the converter device which may for example consist of different rows of photovoltaic type sensors or a network of tubes filled with heat transfer fluid. It is also conceivable to limit the use of photovoltaic sensors relatively

expensive, by equipping the receiver so as to cover only a small part of the receiving surface of photovoltaic sensors; said photovoltaic sensors being mounted on a mobile support, it would then be possible to move them manually or automatically according to the height of the sun, that is to say according to the period of the year. Thus, according to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the wave collector device comprises a concentrator defined by a doubly deltoidal reflective surface and an epicycloid-shaped receiver. This collector makes it possible to concentrate solar rays independently of the position in azimuth and height of the sun, that is to say whatever the hour in the day and the date in the year, without the help of a complex mechanism of orientation of the reflecting surface, whatever the latitude of the collector's place. For optimum performance of the collector, it is desirable to incline at an angle R the laying plane of the collector according to the latitude of the place. Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiment just described. The invention can also be used for the concentration of any type of electromagnetic waves, subject to using a concentrator defined by a surface whose developoid has a caustic cusp, a receiving surface adapted to the geometric displacement of said point of contact. cusp of the concentrator caustic, as well as a converter adapted to the type of waves captured. It is also conceivable to use the wave collector according to the invention by refraction by replacing the reflecting surface with a refractive surface and placing the receiver at the convergence point of the refracted rays. Other applications of the wave collector according to the invention are conceivable, in particular all types of applications requiring to neutralize the movements of the Earth. Thus it is conceivable to use for example the wave collector according to the invention to receive waves from a satellite-type transmitter to make it geostationary, or

still in all types of astronomy instruments allowing a better concentration of electromagnetic waves. The electromagnetic wave collector can also be used in devices that allow for example the desalination of seawater or the purification of fresh water, especially in countries where it is unsanitary, using solar thermal energy .

Claims (14)

An electromagnetic wave collecting device (10) adapted to receive waves (9) from an emitter, comprising: - a first concentrator element having a reflective surface (11) or a refractive wave surface, said reflective surface (11) or refractive reflecting or refracting a set of waves (9) from said transmitter; a second receiver element having a wave receiving surface (12), said receiving surface (12) receiving waves reflected on said reflecting surface (11) or refracted by said refracting surface; said device being characterized in that said reflective (11) or refracting surface and said receiving surface (12) have a shape adapted to reception by said receiving surface (12) of said set of waves (9) from said transmitter whatever the azimuth and height of said transmitter and without changing the position of said concentrator and said receiver. 2. An electromagnetic wave collecting device (10) according to claim 1 characterized in that said concentrator has a fixed reflecting surface (11) generated by a curve of which a developoid present whatever the azimuth and the height of said emitter, a cusp point (17) or a very restricted area of convergence corresponding to the top of a caustic (16) and said receiver has a receiving surface (12) generated by the locus of movement of said cusp (17) or said area convergence of said caustic (16). 3. An electromagnetic wave collecting device (10) according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that said electromagnetic waves are light waves, including light rays from the sun. 4. An electromagnetic wave collecting device (10) according to one of claims 1 to 3 characterized in that said reflecting surface (11) of said concentrator has a similar vertical concavity (21) and horizontal (22) hypocycloidal and said receiving surface (12) of said receiver has a complementary vertical concavity (23), place of displacement of said cusp (17) of the caustic (16). 5. An electromagnetic wave collecting device (10) according to claim 4 characterized in that said reflecting surface (11) of said concentrator has a vertical concavity (21) and horizontal (22) identical deltoid and said receiving surface (12) has a epicyclic complementary vertical concavity with three twists (23). 6. An electromagnetic wave collecting device (10) according to claim 5 characterized in that the geometry of said reflecting surface (11) of said concentrator is defined by the following parametric equations whose cartesian coordinates are: x = r * [2 * Sin (t) - Sin (2 * t) + (2 * Cos (v) + Cos (2 * v) + 1.5) * Cos (t / 2)]; y = r * [- (2 * Cos (t) + Cos (2 * t) + 1 + (2 * Cos (v) + Cos (2 * v) + 1,5) * Sin (t / 2)) ]; z = r * [- (2 * Sin (v) where Sin (2 * v) ù a)]; where t is a variable expressed in radians; v is a variable expressed in radians; r is a parameter of the deltoid variable; a is a constant; and the geometry of said receiving surface (12) is defined by the following parametric equations whose Cartesian coordinates are. x = r * [2 * Sin (t) -Sin (2 * t) - (4 * Cos (v / 2) + Cos (2 * v) ù 0.5) * Cos (t / 2)]; y = r * [- (2 * Cos (t) + Cos (2 * t) + 1 - (4 * Cos (v / 2) + Cos (2 * v) ù 0.5) * Sin (t / 2) ))]; z = r * [- (4 * Sin (v / 2) + Sin (2 * v) ù a)]; where t is a variable expressed in radians; v is a variable expressed in radians; r is a parameter of the deltoid variable; a is a constant. Electromagnetic wave collecting device (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that each horizontal section of said reflecting surface (11) defines a curve (22), called a horizontal curve, the curves (22). generated by each horizontal section being identical. 8. An electromagnetic wave collecting device (10) according to one of claims 4 to 7 characterized in that each epicycloid curve (23) of a vertical plane of said receiving surface (12) is perpendicular to each of the deltoid horizontal curves (22) of the reflective surface (11). 9. An electromagnetic wave collecting device (10) according to one of claims 1 to 8 characterized in that said wave collector device (10) comprises a converter transforming the concentrated energy on said receiving surface (12) into energy thermal or electrical, said converter being disposed on said receiving surface (12). 10. An electromagnetic wave collecting device (10) according to one of claims 1 to 9 characterized in that said converter comprises a plurality of photovoltaic or thermal sensors. 11. An electromagnetic wave collecting device (10) according to claim 10 characterized in that said photovoltaic or thermal sensors are mounted on a mobile support. 12. An electromagnetic wave collecting device (10) according to one of claims 1 to 11 characterized in that said wave collector (10) comprises three reflecting surfaces (11) arranged at an angle of 120 degrees between each reflecting surface (11); at each of said reflective surfaces (11) is associated a receiving surface (12). 13. An electromagnetic wave collecting device (10) according to one of claims 1 to 12 characterized in that the laying plane of said collector device is inclined at an angle 13 relative to a horizontal reference plane. An electromagnetic wave collecting device (10) according to claim 13, characterized in that said angle R is defined by the equation: (3 = 53,44-c, where 13 is expressed in degrees, 1 is a variable, corresponding to the latitude of the place, expressed in degrees.