FR2990705A1 - Parking location for vehicle, has parking zone including multilayer structure arranged below soil surface, where multilayer structure includes specific layer formed of mixture of soil material and drying or reinforcing stones - Google Patents

Abstract

The location has a parking zone provided with a plant growth area juxtaposed to another area covered with bitumen, where the parking zone includes a multilayer structure arranged below the soil surface. The multilayer structure includes a specific layer (10) formed of a mixture of soil material and drying or reinforcing stones. The multilayer structure includes a turfed structure (1) placed in the plant growth area, and a reinforced structure (2) placed in the area covered with bitumen, where the structures consist of layers of different composition. An independent claim is also included for a method for fabricating a parking location.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0001] The invention relates to the field of parking spaces, also called parking spaces, for light motor vehicles, trucks, helicopters or other vehicles. that one wishes to place on the surface of a flat surface such as the ground of a ground. More specifically, the invention relates to locations not completely covered with bitumen and comprising for example an area covered with turf. STATE OF THE PRIOR ART [0002] Numerous documents and numerous technical implementations are known for the parking defined above. Most of them are formed from a rigid drainage structure, like a honeycomb shaped grid, directly buried in the ground, more or less close to the upper surface. Thus grass or grass can grow through the rigid structure, which gives the general surface of the car park a natural and aesthetically interesting appearance. US Patent 4,917,532 discloses a grid of this type.However, this type of structure is degraded over time; moreover, if the ground is loose, the general surface quickly presents ripples due for example to the depression of certain areas which have been particularly loaded (truck or other heavy weight machine) at a given moment. US 6,361,245 and US 7 207 743 disclose examples of reinforcement grids and drainage buried in the ground of a parking lot. Technical specificities make it possible to easily make large car parks, including hundreds of places. However, the longevity of these achievements is problematic. [0005] This problem has been solved by proposing parking spaces comprising paved zones corresponding to the rolling zones 2 and / or to the positioning zones of the wheels of the vehicles. Between paved areas turf areas are often planned. [0006] EP 1 837 441 discloses a vehicle parking space comprising a concrete slab having two sidebands for the wheels, connected by two transverse webs. An opening is thus provided in the concrete slab, allowing a flow of water and growth of a plant such as turf. This embodiment, more resistant than the previous ones, however, is not easily adjustable because once the implanted concrete, no change of shape is no longer possible. [0007] Document WO 00/63495 is also known which describes an arrangement of parking spaces in which the basement comprises layers of different natures as well as reinforcing and confinement elements placed in different locations in the basement. , all to better drain water into the soil. More specifically, the layers concerned comprise an upper layer made of permeable concrete, a first stabilizing concrete underlayer, and a second draining sub-layer which is completed by water storage wells, in certain parts of the sub-layer. -ground. This multi-layer arrangement is, however, present throughout the parking area and no area or area of plant growth is provided here. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0008] The invention aims at remedying the drawbacks of the state of the art and in particular those referred to above. [0009] Interestingly, the invention relates to a parking space for vehicles, comprising at the level of the parking surface a plant growth zone juxtaposed with at least one area covered with bitumen, and consisting of an arranged multilayer structure. below the parking surface, said multilayer structure comprising in particular a specific layer formed of a mixture of soil and a drying or reinforcing material, or stones. Thus is proposed according to a first aspect of the invention a parking space for vehicles whose multilayer structure comprises a first structure disposed under said plant growth zone and a second structure disposed beneath the area covered with bitumen, the first and the second structure consisting of layers of different compositions. More particularly, the first structure comprises between the plant growth zone and the specific layer, a fiber-reinforced substrate consisting essentially of a mixture of sand and fiber-type particles, said mixture being intended to adhere the roots of the plants. constituent parts of the plant growth zone. This arrangement allows a very effective anchoring of the elements of the plant layer on the fiber substrate. A multi-layer structure with high mechanical strength is thus produced, in particular that withstands the passage of vehicles. Advantageously, the second multilayer structure comprises a layer of bitumen at the parking surface, placed on a tar-type reinforcing layer, itself placed on an anti-crack layer formed of particles having a particle size less than about 35 mm. The particles are preferably made of materials from quarries. [0013] Moreover, and if necessary, a tubular drainage element is provided below said plant growth zone, embedded in grit fillers of a trench, said tubular element being disposed inclined vis-à-vis the surface parking and opening through a first end near the parking surface and a second end in a tank and / or a specific buried zone. Advantageously, the vessel and / or the specific buried zone is intended for the implantation of plants such as trees. The location according to the invention advantageously allows to associate at least one plant growth zone implanted in this specific area, at one end of the drainage below the actual plant growth zone. In addition the location according to the invention may comprise a stop bonded to the bitumen of the second zone and extending over all or part of at least one side of said second zone. This way of fixing a stop for example longitudinal end of a parking space, is very simple and quick to achieve. In a particularly innovative way it has been chosen for bonding said abutment, a polymer type glue. More specifically, said plant growth zone has a rectangular shape having substantially the same length as the location, the longitudinal axes of the location and the plant growth zone being substantially merged, and two areas covered with bitumen are on each side of the plant growth zone. This juxtaposition of shapes is preferred for motor vehicle locations. According to another aspect of the invention, a method of manufacturing a parking space is provided; it includes in particular the steps according to which: the ground is excavated according to the surface occupied by said location, to a depth of about 50 cm; The excavated soil is treated by the addition of stones and / or drying material and the mixture is spread over a uniform thickness of about 30 cm; - An anti-crack layer is deposited on the treated soil, on a surface substantially corresponding to the bituminous zone; - An impregnation layer is deposited on the anti-crack layer, on a surface substantially corresponding to the bituminous zone; A frame delimiting said plant growth surface on said impregnation layer is deposited; - Asphalt is spread outside said frame, manually or mechanically, on the impregnating layer; - Remove said frame; - The non-asphalted surface is hollowed out about 50 cm, initially inside the frame; - A mixture of earth and stones is deposited about 40 cm deep; - A fiber substrate is deposited until its upper surface substantially corresponds to the upper surface of the juxtaposed mix; - It covers preferentially said fiber substrate by a plant element. This method therefore comprises two separate and successive treatments in time, one for the bitumen zone B, the other for the so-called plant growth zone A. The procedure described above is preferred but not mandatory. According to the invention, if necessary, a trench is dug under the plant growth zone, there is placed a tubular drainage element inclined with respect to the surface of the location and then filled said trench with gravel, said tubular element opening into a drain at its end closest to the surface. The skilled person will choose depending on the type of land, to achieve or not such drainage. According to the invention a set of parking locations is provided, wherein said locations are juxtaposed and have longitudinal axes XX parallel to each other. In a particularly interesting way, the set of locations further comprises at least one planting area for plants having a longitudinal axis YY; the longitudinal axes) (X of the locations and the longitudinal axis YY of the at least one planting zone form between them an angle of between 45 ° and 90 °, ie the vehicles parked on the locations can be arranged at right angles to the zone (often a row) of plantation, they can also be parked in spikes that is to say by forming a not right angle, of the order of 45 ° with the main axis of the zone of plantation. 0023] By 'planting area' is meant an area where deeply rooted root crops are planted such as trees or shrubs which can for example form separating hedges between parking places or between rows of trees. [0024] By "plant growth zone" is meant an area where a plant such as turf or grass grows, with multiple roots and little sunken in the soil, the expressions C plant element and C plant must be e considered close, and correspond in particular to grass or turf. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES [0025] Other features and advantages of the invention will emerge on reading the description which follows, with reference to the appended figures, which illustrate: FIG. 1, a sectional view according to AA of Figure 2, a location according to a first embodiment of the invention; - Figure 2, a top view of several parking spaces juxtaposed; FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a location after a first embodiment step; - Figure 4, another sectional view of a location after a first embodiment; - Figure 5 A, a sectional view after another step of embodiment; FIG. 5B, a view from above after another embodiment step; - Figure 6A, a sectional view along BB of Figure 6B, after a subsequent step of producing a plant growth zone; - Figure 6B, a top view of several locations, in a subsequent step of making; - Figure 7A, a section along CC of Figure 7B, after deposition of the mix; - Figure 7B, a top view of several locations, after deposition of the bitumen and fiber substrate. For clarity, identical or similar elements are identified by identical reference signs throughout the figures. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AN EMBODIMENT [0027] FIG. 1 illustrates in section and in detail a parking space; in fact, this section makes it possible to see on its left side the part superficially covered with a layer or zone of vegetal growth, and on its right side the part superficially covered with bitumen. The left part is called in the following of this text first structure 1 'while the right part is called second structure 2'. Each of these parts 1, 2 consists of several superimposed layers of different compositions, as will be explained hereinafter. [0028] Figure 2 shows a possible arrangement of several parking spaces, which each comprise a part 1 superficially sodded, juxtaposed between two asphalted parts 2. In known manner and as illustrated in Figure 3, the ground is hollowed out according to the area occupied by at least one parking location, on a selected depth, here about 50 cm. Then, in situ, the earth thus cleared is treated with an addition of stones and / or reinforcing material such as cement or lime. As an illustration, the layer thus treated has a thickness of the order of 30 cm. This treatment is carried out over the entire surface of the site. FIG. 3 and the following show, moreover, a central zone 3 for example intended for the planting of plants as will be envisaged below and which benefits from a treatment independent of that of parts 1 and 2. [0030] On the layer treated 10, depositing a so-called anti-cracking layer 20, preferably on a surface corresponding to the second part 2. The layer 20 may be formed of a material of particle size less than about thirty millimeters to reduce or even prevent the crack formation in the final structure. In the illustrated case, this layer 20 may have a thickness of about 7 cm, homogeneous over the entire surface. Figure 4 shows on its left a section at a drainage element 16 embedded in a trench 18 filled with gravel 17. Such a trench is performed when one is in the presence of an impermeable soil in which one seeks a clogging and / or an appropriate protection. The trench 18 is formed along the length of the location, as can be seen in FIG. 6B in particular; the drainage element 16 is inclined with respect to the final parking surface, preferably with a first end 160 located near said parking surface and a second end 161 further sunk into the ground, which may advantageously lead to tank (not shown) or a specific buried zone 3. Preferentially we choose here to unblock the element 16 in the central area 3 planting plants such as trees. This arrangement allows their watering. At the first structure 1, is deposited on the anti-crack layer 20 a so-called impregnating layer 30 for example in a tar, a thickness of a few centimeters. This layer is intended to prepare the subsequent deposition of an asphalt 40 which constitutes the surface layer (or upper layer) of the first structure. The asphalt 40 has a thickness of a few centimeters. It can be deposited mechanically, that is to say using a dedicated machine, or it can be deposited manually; a mixed solution can of course be considered without departing from the scope of the invention. Before depositing the coating 40, is advantageously deposited on the impregnating layer 25, a frame 35 for example of wood as shown in Figure 5B, which defines the periphery of the plant growth zone A. Figure 5B shows four frames 35 for illustrative purposes. It will thus be possible to deposit the asphalt 40 in a precise and simple manner, without encroaching on the zone A of plant growth. The frame 35 is removed once the coated 40 deposited. In addition to the zone A of plant growth, after possibly (if not already done) dug the soil and then filled with a mixture of soil and stones, there is deposited a so-called fiber substrate 15. The substrate 15 includes sand and fibrous elements such as coconut fibers. The preferred proportion is 80% sand and 20% fiber. This substrate 15 is a kind of crust that serves to hook the roots of plants that are deposited directly above and which correspond to the upper surface of the second multi-layer structure 2. The substrate 15 can mechanically strengthen the structure 2; it may have a thickness of about ten centimeters. Above the substrate 15, grass can be deposited, for example already in strips. The sod is thus fast, easy and reliable. In order to further facilitate the production of such locations, at least one abutment 50 may be provided, bonded to the coating 40. FIG. 2 shows a preferred arrangement of an abutment 40, at the longitudinal end of the location, on a transverse edge. According to this arrangement the abutment 50 is bonded by its two ends to the coating 40. A polymer adhesive used in a known manner for the wood boats (all marine environments), has been used successfully. As visible in all the figures, a plurality of locations may be juxtaposed. They each have a rectangular shape, with a longitudinal axis XX. They can be coupled with a planting zone 3 of longitudinal axis YY. The locations may have a longitudinal axis) (X perpendicular to the longitudinal axis YY, as illustrated by all of the figures.

Without departing from the scope of the invention the locations may be arranged in ears, that is to say with a longitudinal axis XX not perpendicular to the axis YY. The arrangement of plantations in the central zone 3 will not be discussed further as known in itself. An interesting advantage provided by the invention is due to the drainage 16, 17 and 18 which not only allows draining water from both zone A and zone B, but also to benefit the plantations of the central zone 3, of this drainage. No external source of water is needed here resulting in significant savings provided by the present invention. A natural and direct recycling of the water is carried out according to the invention. Of course other modifications may be made by the skilled person without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular the digging depth values and the thicknesses of the various layers are illustrative and may be chosen different by the skilled person depending on the nature of the soil, economic constraints, ecological or other.

Claims (9)

CLAIMS1.A parking space for vehicles comprising, at the level of the parking area, a zone A of vegetal growth juxtaposed with at least one zone B covered with bitumen, and consisting of a multilayer structure arranged below the parking surface, said multilayer structure comprising in particular a specific layer (10) formed of a mixture of soil and a drying or reinforcing material, or stones characterized in that the multilayer structure comprises a first structure (1) disposed under said zone A plant growth and a second structure (2) disposed under the area B covered with bitumen, the first and the second structure consisting of layers of different compositions. 2. Location according to claim 1 characterized in that the first structure (1) comprises between the plant growth zone and the specific layer (10), a fiber substrate (15) consisting essentially of a mixture of sand and particulates. fiber type, said substrate (15) being intended to adhere the plant roots constituting the plant growth zone A. 3. Location according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the second multilayer structure (2) comprises a layer of bitumen (40) at the parking surface, placed on a reinforcing layer (30) of the tar type. itself placed on an anti-crack layer (20) formed of particles having a particle size less than about 35 mm. 4. Location according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that a tubular drainage element (16) is provided below said plant growth zone, embedded in gravel (17) for filling a trench ( 18), said tubular element (16) being inclined with respect to the parking surface and opening through a first end (160) near the outlet surface and a second end (161) in a tank and / or a specific buried zone (3). 5. Location according to claim 4 characterized in that the vessel and / or the specific buried zone is intended for the implantation of plants such as trees. 6. Location according to any one of claims 3 or 4 characterized in that it further comprises a stop (50) adhered to the bitumen of the second zone (2) and extending over all or part of one at least sides of said second zone. 7. Location according to claim 6 characterized in that the adhesive used is of the polymer type. 8. Location according to any one of the preceding claims having a generally rectangular shape, characterized in that said plant growth zone has a rectangular shape having substantially the same length as the location, the longitudinal axes of the location and the plant growth zone being substantially merged and in that two areas covered with bitumen are provided on each side of the plant growth zone. 9. A method of manufacturing a parking space comprising on the surface a plant growth zone juxtaposed with at least one asphalted zone, characterized in that it comprises the steps according to which: - the soil is hollowed out according to the area occupied by said location, to a depth of about 50 cm; - The cleared earth is treated by adding stones and / or drying material and the resulting mixture is spread (10) to a uniform thickness of about 30 cm; - An anti-crack layer (20) is deposited on the treated soil, on a surface corresponding substantially to the bituminous zone; - An impregnation layer (30) is deposited on the anti-cracking layer, on a surface substantially corresponding to the asphalted zone: - A frame (35) is deposited delimiting said plant growth surface on said impregnation layer; - Asphalt (40) is spread manually or mechanically on the impregnation layer (30); - Remove said frame (35); - The non-asphalted surface is hollowed out about 50 cm, initially inside the frame; - A mixture of earth and stones is deposited about 40 cm deep; - A fiber substrate is deposited until its upper surface substantially corresponds to the upper surface of the juxtaposed mix; - It covers preferentially said fiber substrate by a plant element. Process according to Claim 9, characterized in that, if necessary, a trench (18) is hollowed out, under the plant growth zone, a tubular drainage element (16) is placed inclined with respect to the surface. the location then fills said trench with gravel (17), said tubular element (16) opening into a drain at its end closest to the surface. Set of parking spaces according to one of claims 1 to 8 characterized in that said locations are juxtaposed and have longitudinal axes (X parallel to each other.) A set of locations according to claim 11 further comprising at least one zone (3) planting for plants having a longitudinal axis YY, characterized in that the longitudinal axes) (X locations and the longitudinal axis YY of the at least one planting zone (3) form between them an angle between 45 ° and 90 ° .10. 11. 12.30