FR2989153A1 - Photovoltaic solar facility for producing electricity from solar energy on steel trough, has fixing rail comprising profile with end edges, each having form such that edge engages with raised edge so as to secure rail with wave rider - Google Patents

Abstract

The facility (1) has a wave rider (3) attached to a wave (O) of a covering surface (S). The rider has a bearing surface (10) on top (L) of the wave and raised edges on sides of the surface. The edges are extended parallel to a longitudinal axis (X). A fixing rail (4) for fixing a photovoltaic panel (2) is extended under the panel parallel to the axis. The rail is attached to the rider, and includes a profile including end edges. The end edge has a form such that the end edge engages with one of the raised edges by latching or sliding so as to secure the rail with the rider. An independent claim is also included for an assembly of elements for assembling and fixing a photovoltaic solar facility.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to the field of the design, manufacture and installation of photovoltaic modules or panels for the production of electricity in the form of photovoltaic modules. from solar energy on a cover surface having a plurality of waves. More specifically, the invention relates to photovoltaic solar installations extending over cover surfaces having a plurality of waves, in particular substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis which may correspond to a slope axis of the cover surface, in particular cover formed of metal bins such as steel bins. 2. Solutions of the Prior Art For the fixing of photovoltaic panels on covering surfaces formed of metal bins having a plurality of waves, complex systems are known comprising, in particular, a rail, a rail support and a jumper. wave, which generates significant costs of material, manufacturing and installation time by an operator. Also known accessories adapted for fixing on a metal tray wave and allowing the particular fixing of rails. Such accessories are not specifically adapted for the installation of photovoltaic panels, not taking into account in particular the electrolytic couples created by the aluminum / steel connection respectively photovoltaic panel frames and accessories or rails. In addition, such accessories are not provided to take into account the expansion of the rails in case of temperature changes, for example in the case of frost or heat. OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION The object of the invention is therefore especially to overcome all or part of these disadvantages of the prior art.

More specifically, the invention aims to provide a photovoltaic solar installation mounted on a metal tray type cover surface that limits the number of parts required and reduces the manufacturing and installation costs of the installation. Another object of the invention is to provide a photovoltaic solar installation which takes into account and in particular prevents the electrolytic couples that may occur between the aluminum and the steel present in the installation. Another object of the invention is to provide a photovoltaic solar installation that allows some expansion of the rails without creating constraints in the rest of the installation or in the coverage area. Yet another object of the invention is to provide a photovoltaic solar installation which is relatively easy to mount for the operator. 4. DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The invention satisfies all or part of these objectives by means of a photovoltaic solar installation mounted on a covering surface having a plurality of waves, extending along a longitudinal axis, in particular substantially parallel to a slope axis of the covering surface, in particular a covering surface formed of metal trays such as steel trays, characterized in that it comprises: at least one photovoltaic panel, at least one wave jumper secured to a wave of the covering surface, comprising a bearing surface on an apex of said wave and two raised edges on either side of the bearing surface extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis, at least one fixing rail at least one photovoltaic panel extending under the photovoltaic panel parallel to the longitudinal axis, secured to said wave jumper, having a profile comprising two end edges mité profile, each end edge having a shape such that it cooperates, in particular by snapping or sliding, with one of the raised edges of the wave jumper to allow the connection of the rail to the wave jumper.

Thanks to the invention, the number of parts needed to be able to put the photovoltaic panel is reduced to two, for each wave jumper, namely the rail and the wave jumper, which reduces the number of parts to be manufactured and to rise, and which is reflected in particular by a cost savings.

In addition, the assembly of the rail and the wave jumper is relatively easy to achieve for example, by sliding or snap or other. Furthermore, the use of steel for producing the rail and the wave jumper, more robust than aluminum at equal thicknesses and often less expensive, is possible in the photovoltaic solar installation according to the invention. This may allow for example to mount photovoltaic solar systems according to the invention in regions particularly subject to snow and / or wind. The wave jumper is for example made in one piece, in particular metal, comprising for example steel.

The fixing of the wave jumper is for example carried out by a fastening means such as a screw, crossing the wave for securing the wave jumper to the wave and being fixed in the frame supporting the cover surface. The longitudinal axis may be, for example, coincident with the wave axis and / or with the slope axis of the cover surface.

The photovoltaic solar installation may comprise at least one locking key associated with a wave jumper, configured to lock the cooperation between one of the end edges of the rail and one of the raised edges of the wave jumper, while allowing a slight sliding along the longitudinal axis between said edges, in particular in case of expansion of the rail.

Such a locking key can allow fixing without lateral play, in particular without play perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, while leaving the possibility for the rail to slide along the longitudinal axis, for example in case of expansion. Another advantage of the locking key is that it is relatively easy to insert, during assembly, in an opening created between the raised edge of the wave jumper and the end edge of the rail cooperating together. The photovoltaic solar installation comprises, for example, a fixing means, such as a screw, for fixing between the rail and the wave jumper, creating a single fixed point along the length of a rail, preventing, at this point of the installation, any movement between these two elements of the installation. Each end edge of the rail may for example be profiled so as to cooperate with one of the raised edges of the wave jumper being wrapped externally by said raised edge. According to this embodiment of the invention, the rail can be introduced, by one of its end edges inside a raised edge of the wave jumper, the other end edge then being for example snapped inside the other raised edge of the wave jumper. Alternatively, the rail may be slidably inserted from the end edges into the raised edges of the wave jumper. Other modes of joining are possible without departing from the scope of the invention. The wave jumper may comprise on either side of the support surface of the side panels at least partially matching the lateral uprights of the wave extending on either side of the top of said wave up to a foot of wave. These side panels can allow to give a certain stability to the installation, including the load transfer of the installation at the foot of the wave, on the substantially flat surface and continuous between two waves of the cover surface, which rests directly on the frame. Seals may be provided, for example between the support surface of the wave jumper and the top of the wave and / or between each of the side panels and the lateral amount of the wave whose shape and / or each side pan and the wave foot. Such joints may, for example, make it possible to isolate the wave jumper from the cover surface and / or to improve or even stabilize the link between the wave jumper and the wave and / or to contribute to the sealing of the waveguide. installation. The rail may for example have a substantially U-shaped section section returned, the end edges being formed towards the outside of the U from the ends of the branches, including flared, of the U. In this case in particular, the rail can be positioned substantially above the wave jumper, except for the end edges cooperating with the raised edges. In this case, the volume present between the support surface of the wave jumper and the periphery of the U of the rail can allow to accommodate means for fixing the wave jumper on the frame and / or means for securing the wave jumper to the wave, projecting from the support surface of the wave jumper. According to a particular embodiment, at least one raised edge of the wave jumper has in cross section an ear shape, in particular substantially rounded with a return towards the bearing surface. In this case, at least one end edge of the rail may have a shape at least partially conforming inwardly to said ear shape of the raised edge of the wave jumper. In this case and in the case where the solar photovoltaic installation comprises a locking key, this locking key may comprise a rod configured to slide at least partially against the raised edge of the wave jumper and against the end edge of the rail so as to eliminate any lateral play between them, in particular any game substantially perpendicular to the axis of slope. A bend formed in the shank of the locking key can then be used to hold the locking key, the extension of the elbow being able to bear against the upper lateral end, in particular in the direction of the slope, the raised edges and the end.

According to a particular embodiment, the end edges of the rail are substantially symmetrical to each other with respect to the longitudinal axis. In this case, and when the solar photovoltaic installation comprises at least one locking key, the installation may comprise two locking keys associated with a wave jumper to allow the locking of the two end edges of the rail with both of them. raised edges of the wave jumper. According to another particular embodiment, the end edges of the rail are not symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis, one of said end edges having an excess thickness with respect to the other, the extra thickness being formed in particular by folding of material.

In this case, and when the solar photovoltaic installation comprises at least one locking key, the installation may comprise a single locking key associated with a wave jumper, the locking key making it possible to lock the link between the jumper and the lock. wave and the rail on the one side where the end edge is devoid of extra thickness, the extra thickness being on the other side configured to ensure the locking between the end edge and the raised edge cooperating with each other, while allowing a slight sliding along the longitudinal axis between said edges, in particular in case of expansion of the rail. The extra thickness can for example be obtained by folding material during the manufacture of the rail. The photovoltaic solar installation may comprise at least one abutment made of insulating material, in particular of a polymeric material such as polypropylene, fixed on said at least one rail and comprising an insulating portion extending between the photovoltaic panel and the rail. in order to prevent any metallic contact between said photovoltaic panel and said rail. Indeed, the photovoltaic panels are usually framed with metal formed of aluminum. In the case where the rails and / or wave jumpers are made of steel, an electrolytic couple is formed between aluminum and steel, in particular degrading the materials in contact. The abutment of insulating material between the photovoltaic panel and the rail on which it rests can prevent the electrolytic torque. In the case of an installation comprising at least two adjacent photovoltaic panels extending over said at least one rail, the stop may comprise a separation part and be positioned on the rail so that the part of separation extends in a separation space between said two adjacent photovoltaic panels. The abutment can thus make it possible to separate two adjacent photovoltaic panels, in particular in the direction of the slope, and also for example to form retaining a photovoltaic panel during assembly. In this case, the installation may comprise a cover at least partially covering the separation space between said adjacent photovoltaic panels and a portion of said panels so as to allow fixing of said photovoltaic panels by clamping. The separation portion of the stop may then comprise a guide channel leading to an opening formed in the stop for guiding and the passage of a fastening means of said cover. Thus, the abutment, in this configuration, can facilitate assembly by allowing the guiding of a fastening means such as a screw through the stop for fixing the cover to the rail, for example.

It should be noted that, when one (or more) stop is provided, it is advantageously not in line with the (or) wave jumper. Indeed, the abutment is for example provided for the separation between two adjacent photovoltaic panels, while the wave jumper is present for example under a photovoltaic panel, at a distance from a border thereof. The invention also relates, in another of its aspects, in combination with the above, a set of elements to allow the mounting and fixing of a photovoltaic solar installation as defined above, said set of elements comprising at least one photovoltaic panel, at least one wave jumper configured to be secured to a wave of the cover surface, comprising a support surface on an apex of said wave and two raised edges on either side of the bearing surface intended to extend substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis, at least one fixing rail of at least one photovoltaic panel intended to extend under the photovoltaic panel parallel to the longitudinal axis, configured to be secured to said wave jumper, having a profile comprising two end edges of the profile, each end edge having a shape such that it can cooperate, in particular p ar snapping or sliding, with one of the raised edges of the wave jumper to allow the connection of the rail to the rider wave. 5. List of Figures Other features and advantages of the invention will appear more clearly on reading the following description of embodiments of the invention, given by way of illustrative and non-limiting examples and the accompanying drawing in which: FIG. 1 schematically, partially and in perspective, a photovoltaic solar installation according to a first embodiment of the invention, FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1, without the photovoltaic panels of FIG. 3 is an exploded, diagrammatic and partial view of the photovoltaic solar installation of FIG. 1, also illustrating the covering surface on which it is mounted; FIG. 4 represents, in isolation, schematically and in perspective, a wave jumper of the photovoltaic solar installation of FIG. 1; FIG. 5 is a schematic and partial perspective view front, the connection between a rail and a wave jumper of the photovoltaic solar installation of Figure 1, - Figure 6 shows schematically and partially in perspective, seen from the side, the locking of the connection between the 5 is an enlargement of a detail VI of FIG. 2; FIG. 7 is a schematic and partial perspective, a stop of the photovoltaic solar installation, - Figure 8 shows an axial section, schematic and partial, the photovoltaic solar installation of Figure 1, - Figure 9 shows in cross section, schematic and partial, the installation photovoltaic solar panel of Figure 1 devoid of photovoltaic panels, - Figure 10 schematically and partially illustrates, in perspective, the photovoltaic solar installation of Figure 1 including the setting t 10 is an enlargement of a detail X of FIG. 2; FIG. 11 also shows schematically, partially and in perspective, the grounding of the photovoltaic solar installation of FIG. FIG. 1, and FIG. 12 schematically and partially illustrates, in cross-section, a photovoltaic solar installation according to a second embodiment of the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION There is shown in FIG. 1 a photovoltaic solar installation 1 according to the invention, mounted on a cover surface S which is more visible in FIGS. 2 and 3, having a plurality of O waves resting on a frame C not visible in these figures.

Each of the waves O extends parallel to a longitudinal axis X, corresponding in this example to the slope axis of the cover surface S, as illustrated. Each wave O has a vertex L, two lateral uprights M extending on either side of the vertex L to a foot of wave P at the base of the wave O, substantially at the level of the remainder of the surface As can be seen in particular in FIG. 3, the cover surface S has a substantially planar surface R between two waves O, having slight reliefs, as visible.

The cover surface S is formed in this example of metal bins, in particular steel bins. The photovoltaic solar installation 1, according to the invention, comprises at least one photovoltaic panel 2, in this example, a plurality of photovoltaic panels 2. In the example illustrated, the frame of the photovoltaic panels 2 is made of aluminum. The photovoltaic solar installation 1 further comprises, as shown in particular in FIG. 3 and in isolation in FIG. 4, at least one wave jumper 3, in this example, a plurality of wave jumpers 3, configured to to be secured to a wave O of the cover surface S. The wave jumper 3 is made of steel in this example. The photovoltaic solar installation 1 further comprises a rail 4, of which two are visible in FIG. 3, for fixing at least one photovoltaic panel 2, extending, as illustrated, under the photovoltaic panel (s) 2 parallel to the longitudinal axis X.

In the example illustrated, the solar photovoltaic installation 1 further comprises, as visible in particular in Figures 2 and 3, at least one stopper 5, in particular a plurality of stops 5, made of an insulating material and which will be described more in detail thereafter. The photovoltaic solar installation 1 also comprises, in this example, a cover 6, in particular a plurality of covers 6, intended to be positioned in a separation space between two photovoltaic panels 2, or at the edge of a photovoltaic panel at one end of the installation. According to the invention and as illustrated in particular in FIGS. 4 to 6, the wave jumper 3 comprises a bearing surface 10 on the vertex L of a wave O of the cover surface S and two raised edges 11 on either side of the bearing surface 10 extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis X. The rail 4 is secured within the photovoltaic solar installation 1 to the wave jumper 3 and has a profile comprising two end edges 12 of the profile, each end edge 12 having a shape such that it cooperates, in particular by snapping or sliding, with one of the raised edges 11 of the wave jumper 3 to allow the fastening of the rail 4 to the wave jumper 3, as can be seen in particular in FIG. 5.

Thus, the number of parts needed to install the photovoltaic panel 2 is reduced to two, namely the rail 4 and the wave jumper 3, for each jumper wave 3, which generates a cost saving. Among other advantages, the assembly of the rail 4 to the wave jumper 3 is relatively easy to implement, for example by sliding or latching, or by simple juxtaposition. The wave jumper 3 is secured to the wave O by means of a fixing means 14 such as a screw as shown in FIG. 5, passing through an opening 13 provided in the bearing surface 10 of the rider. wave 3, the fastening means 14 then passing through a non-visible opening in the vertex L of the wave O to be fixed in a frame member C as visible in particular in FIG. 9.

The rail 4 has a profile section substantially U-shaped returned, as visible, the end edges 12 being formed towards the outside of the U from the end of the branches, including flared, the U. The rail 4 is positioned in the illustrated example, substantially above the wave jumper 3, except the end edges 12 cooperating with the raised edges 11. It should be noted that the volume present between the bearing surface 10 of the rider wave 3 and the periphery of the U returned from the rail 4 allows in this example to accommodate a portion, including the head, the fastening means 14 of the wave jumper 3 on the frame C corresponding in this example by means of securing the waveguide 3 to the wave O. These fastening means 14 project from the bearing surface 10 of the wave jumper 3 as can be seen in FIG. 5. The solar photovoltaic installation 1 comprises, in FIG. illustrated example, a locking key 20 visible in the figure 6, associated with a wave jumper 3 and configured to lock the cooperation between one of the end edges 12 of the rail 4 and one of the raised edges 11 of the wave jumper 3, as illustrated, while allowing a slight sliding along the longitudinal axis X between said edges, in particular in case of expansion of the rail, during temperature variations, for example in the case of freezing or heat.

Each end edge 12 of the rail 4 is shaped to cooperate with one of the raised edges 11 of the rider 3, being wrapped externally by this raised edge 11. During assembly, the rail 4 can be introduced by the one of its end edges 12 inside one of the raised edges 11 of the wave jumper 3, the other end edge 12 then being for example snapped inside the other raised edge 11 Alternatively, the mounting can be done by inserting the rail 4 by sliding the two end edges 12 inside the two corresponding raised edges 11 of the wave jumper 3.

In the example illustrated, the wave jumper 3, as can be seen in particular in FIG. 4, comprises, on either side of the support surface 10, side panels 15 matching one another, once the photovoltaic solar installation 1 mounted, at least partially, the lateral uprights M of the wave O on which it bears, extending on either side from the vertex L to the wave foot P.

These side panels 15 make it possible in particular to give stability to the photovoltaic solar installation 1 by the load transfer at the foot of the wave P, on the substantially planar and continuous surface R between two waves O, which surface R rests directly, slight reliefs, on the frame C, as visible in Figure 9.

As can be seen in FIG. 4, during manufacture of the wave jumper 3, a substantially rectangular cutout has been made on each of the side panels 15, which cutout has been folded so as to form the raised edges 11. This cutout has left a window 16 in each of the side panels 15. As can be seen in particular in FIG. 4, at least one raised edge 11, in this case the two raised edges 11 of the wave jumper 3, have in cross-section a shape of FIG. the ear, in particular substantially rounded with a return 17 in the direction of the bearing surface 10. As for the end edges 12 of the rail 4, as is illustrated in particular in FIG. 5, at least one end edge 12, in this case the two end edges 12 have a shape at least partially conforming internally to said ear shape or the raised edges 11 of the wave jumper 3. It should be noted that in this embodiment, the bor end ds 12 are not symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis X, one of the end edges 12, referenced 12a, has an extra thickness 21 that does not present the other of the end edges 12, referenced 12b in FIG. 5. In this example, the excess thickness 21 is formed by folding of the material forming the rail 4 during the manufacture of the rail 4. In this case, the photovoltaic solar installation 1 comprises, as can be seen in FIG. , a single locking key 20 associated with a wave jumper 3 for locking the connection between the wave jumper 3 and the rail 4, the only side where the end edge 12 is devoid of extra thickness, it is that is to say on the side of the end edge 12b, the extra thickness 21 being on the other side configured to ensure the locking between the end edge 12, in particular 12a, and the raised edge 11 cooperating with each other, while allowing a slight sliding along the longitudinal axis X between e these edges 11 and 12, particularly in the case of expansion of the rail 4. The locking key 20, as shown in Figure 6, comprises in this example a rod 22, one end is visible in this figure, comprising an anti-lock pin. return and a bent portion 23 bearing against the lateral end 24, in this example in the direction of the slope, the raised edges 11 and end 12. Seals 30, 62 may be provided for example between the surface of support 10 of the wave jumper 3 and the vertex L of the wave O and / or between each of the lateral panels 15 and the lateral upright M or the wave foot P of the wave O of which it substantially marries at least partially the shape. Such joints are visible in particular in Figures 5 and 6. The joints 30 and / or 62 may for example be made of a polymeric material such as EPDM. It should be noted that at the bottom of the slope, the photovoltaic solar installation 1 comprises, for example, a fastening means, such as a screw, for fixing between the rail 4 and the wave jumper 3, preventing, for this purpose, location of the installation, any movement between these two elements of the installation. To do this, an opening 35 is provided in the wave jumper 3, in particular in each of the raised edges 11 of the wave jumper 3, so that the operator can, depending on the position of the wave jumper 3 in the solar photovoltaic installation 1, position a locking key 20 or a fastening means such as a screw through the opening 35. There is shown in FIG. 7 a stop 5 which comprises in this example the photovoltaic solar installation 1. The abutment 5 is made of insulating material, in particular of polymeric material such as polypropylene. The abutment 5 is fixed on a rail 4, as can be seen in FIG. 7. The abutment 5 comprises an insulating portion 41 extending, as illustrated in FIG. 8, between the photovoltaic panel 2 and the rail 4 so as to prevent any metal contact between said photovoltaic panel 2 and the rail 4. In fact, the photovoltaic panels 2 are, in the example shown, and as indicated above, framed aluminum. In addition, the rails 4 and wave jumpers 3 are made of steel. An electrolytic couple is formed between aluminum and steel, degrading the materials in contact. The abutment 5 of insulating material is interposed between the photovoltaic panel 2 and the rail 4, which prevents the electrolytic torque.

Moreover, the abutment 5 comprises a separation portion 42 extending above the insulating portion 41. The abutment 5 is positioned on the rail 4 so that the separating portion 42 extends into a space separator 43 visible in Figure 8 especially between two photovoltaic panels 2 adjacent. As can be seen in FIG. 8, a clearance is provided between the separation part 42 and the photovoltaic panel 2 located in the direction of the slope below the other photovoltaic panel 2. The stop 5 separates two adjacent photovoltaic panels 2, in particular in the direction of the slope and also allows to form retaining a photovoltaic panel 2 during assembly.

In the example illustrated, the installation 1 comprises a cover 6 at least partially covering the separation space 43 between two adjacent photovoltaic panels 2 and also a portion of the panels 2, as illustrated, so as to allow the fixing of the photovoltaic panels 2 by clamping, in particular by means of a fastening means 50 such as a screw, as illustrated.

The separating portion 42 of the abutment 5 may then comprise, as in this example, a guide channel 51 leading to an opening, not visible in these figures for the sake of clarity of the drawing, formed in the abutment 5 and for guiding and the passage of the fixing means 50 of the cover 6 to the rail 4. Thus, the abutment 5, in this configuration, facilitates mounting by allowing the guide of the fixing means 50 through the abutment 5 for fixing the cover 6 to the rail 4. It should be noted that FIG. 9 illustrates, as superimposed, in section the wave O, the wave jumper 3, the rail 4 and the stop 5, but, as visible in FIG. 2 in particular, each abutment 5 is not perpendicular to a wave jumper 3. Indeed, the abutment 5 is for example provided for the separation between two adjacent photovoltaic panels 2, while the wave jumper 3 is present for example under a photovoltaic panel 2, away from a border thereof.

FIGS. 10 and 11 illustrate the grounding of the photovoltaic solar installation 1 using equipotential bonds 60 linking photovoltaic panels 2 and 4 rails in particular. The presence of openings 61 on the rails 4 visible in Figures 7 and 8 allows this connection, in particular. FIG. 12 shows a second embodiment of the photovoltaic solar installation 1 according to the invention, which differs from the first in that the end edges 12 of the rail 4 are substantially symmetrical with respect to each other. slope axis X, as visible in this figure. In this embodiment, the photovoltaic solar installation 1 comprises, as illustrated, two locking keys 20 associated with a wave jumper 3 to allow the locking of the two end edges 12 with the two raised edges 11 of the jumper d. Wave 3. It should be noted that in both embodiments, the raised edges 11 are symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis X but that it may be otherwise without departing from the scope of the invention.

The choice of embodiment, with symmetrical or non-symmetrical end edges 12 can be carried out in the following manner. In some areas, wind and snow resistance must be high, in which case thicker steel will be used. In this case, we prefer a rail 4 with symmetrical end edges 12 and the use of two locking keys 20.

The symmetrical edges 12 will penetrate relatively easily inside the raised edges 11 on each side and a locking key 20 will be inserted on each side to lock the assembly. Conversely, if high resistance to wind and snow is not necessary, for other regions, the steel used may be finer, in which case we can make an extra thickness 21 on one of the edges 12 end of the rail 4. We will use the rail with edges of ends 12 unsymmetrical. In this case, it is possible to introduce the end edge 12 having an excess thickness 21 into one of the raised edges 11, then, by snapping, to make the second end edge 12 enter the second raised edge 11 by exerting a slight pressure on a or the branches of the U forming the rail. The invention is not limited to the examples which have just been described. In particular, the shape of the end edges 12 of the rail 4 or that of the raised edges 11 of the wave jumper 3 can be modified without departing from the scope of the invention. Throughout the description, the terms "comprising a" or "comprising a" should be understood to mean the terms "comprising at least one" and "comprising at least one, respectively, unless the contrary is specified.

Claims (16)

REVENDICATIONS1. Photovoltaic solar installation (1) mounted on a cover surface (S) having a plurality of waves (0) extending along a longitudinal axis (X), in particular substantially parallel to a slope axis of the cover surface, in particular a cover surface (S) formed of metal trays such as steel trays, characterized in that it comprises: at least one photovoltaic panel (2), at least one wave jumper (3) secured to a wave (0 ) of the covering surface (S), comprising a bearing surface (10) on an apex (L) of said wave (0) and two raised edges (11) on either side of the bearing surface (10) extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis (X), at least one rail (4) for fixing at least one photovoltaic panel (2) extending under the photovoltaic panel (2) parallel to the longitudinal axis (X), secured to said wave jumper (3), having a profile comprising two end edges (12) of profile, each end edge (12) having a shape such that it cooperates, in particular by snapping or sliding, with one of the raised edges (11) of the wave jumper (13) to allow the joining of the rail to wave jumper (3). Solar photovoltaic system (1) according to claim 1, comprising at least one locking key (20) associated with a wave jumper (3), configured to lock the cooperation between one of the end edges (12). ) of the rail (4) and one of the raised edges (11) of the wave jumper (3), while allowing a slight sliding along the longitudinal axis (X) between said edges (11, 12), in particular by case of expansion of the rail (4). 3. Photovoltaic solar installation (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein each end edge (12) of the rail (4) isprofiled to cooperate with one of the raised edges (11) of the rider of wave (3) being wrapped externally by said raised edge (11). 4. Solar photovoltaic installation (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the wave jumper (3) comprises on either side of the bearing surface (10) of the side panels (15) matching at least partially lateral amounts (M) of the wave (0) extending on either side of the vertex (L) of said wave (M) to a foot of wave (P). The photovoltaic solar installation (1) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the rail (4) has a substantially U-shaped section section turned over, the end edges (12) being outwardly formed. U from the ends of the branches, especially flared, of the U. 6. solar photovoltaic system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one raised edge (11) of the wave jumper (3) has in cross section an ear shape, in particular substantially rounded with a return (17) towards the bearing surface (10). 7. Photovoltaic solar installation (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein at least one end edge (12) of the rail (4) has a shape at least partially conforming inwardly to said ear shape of the raised edge (11) of the wave jumper (3). Solar photovoltaic installation (1) according to claim 2 and the preceding claim, wherein the locking key (20) comprises a rod (22) configured to slide at least partially against the raised edge (11) of the wave jumper (3) and against the end edge (12) of the rail (4) so as to eliminate any lateral play between them, in particular any game substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (X). 9. Photovoltaic solar installation (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the end edges (12) of the rail (4) are substantially symmetrical to each other with respect to the longitudinal axis (X). 10. Photovoltaic solar installation (1) according to the preceding claim and claim 2, comprising two locking keys (20) associated with a wave jumper (3) to allow the locking of the two end edges (12) of the rail (4) with the two raised edges (11) of the wave jumper (3). Photovoltaic solar installation (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the end edges (12) of the rail (4) are not symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis (X), one of said end edges (12) having an excess thickness (21) relative to the other, the excess thickness (21) being formed in particular by folding of material. 12. Photovoltaic solar installation (1) according to the preceding claim and claim 2, comprising a single locking key (20) associated with a wave jumper (3), the locking key (20) for locking the connection between the wave jumper (3) and the rail (4) on the one side where the end edge (12) is devoid of extra thickness, the extra thickness (21) being on the other side configured to ensure the locking between the edge end (12) and the raised edge (11) cooperating with each other, while allowing a slight sliding along the longitudinal axis (X) between said edges (11, 12), in particular in case of expansion of the rail (4) . 13. Photovoltaic solar installation (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one stop (5) made of insulating material, fixed on said at least one rail (4) and having an insulation portion (41). extending between the photovoltaic panel (2) and the rail (4) so as to prevent any metallic contact between said photovoltaic panel (2) and said rail (4). 14. Photovoltaic solar installation (1) according to the preceding claim, the installation comprising at least two adjacent photovoltaic panels (2) extending on said at least one rail (4), installation in which the stop (5) comprises a part separation member (42) and is positioned on the rail (4) so that the partition portion (42) extends into a separation space (43) between said two adjacent photovoltaic panels (2). 15. Photovoltaic solar installation (1) according to the preceding claim, the installation comprising a cover (6) at least partially covering the separation space (43) between said adjacent photovoltaic panels (2) and a portion of said panels so as to allowing said photovoltaic panels (2) to be fixed by clamping, an installation in which the separating portion (42) of the abutment (5) comprises a guide channel (51) leading to an opening formed in the abutment (5) for guiding and the passage of a fixing means (50) of said cover (6). 16. A set of elements for mounting and fixing a photovoltaic solar installation (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 15, said set of elements comprising: at least one photovoltaic panel (2), at at least one wave jumper (3) configured to be secured to a wave (0) of the covering surface (S), comprising a bearing surface (10) on a vertex (L) of said wave (0) and two raised edges (11) on either side of the bearing surface (10) intended to extend substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis (X), at least one fastening rail (4) of at least a photovoltaic panel (2) intended to extend under the photovoltaic panel (2) parallel to the longitudinal axis (X), configured to be secured to said wave jumper (3), having a profile comprising two end edges (12) of the profile, each end edge (12) having a shape such that it can cooperate, in particular by snap or slide, with one of the raised edges (11) of the wave jumper (3) to allow the joining of the rail (4) to the wave jumper (3).