FR2983502A1 - Fixing device for fixing photovoltaic panels on roof of building, has profiled elements formed by linear sections having base provided with planar surface to allow positioning of linear sections on sealing membrane - Google Patents
Fixing device for fixing photovoltaic panels on roof of building, has profiled elements formed by linear sections having base provided with planar surface to allow positioning of linear sections on sealing membrane Download PDFInfo
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- FR2983502A1 FR2983502A1 FR1161101A FR1161101A FR2983502A1 FR 2983502 A1 FR2983502 A1 FR 2983502A1 FR 1161101 A FR1161101 A FR 1161101A FR 1161101 A FR1161101 A FR 1161101A FR 2983502 A1 FR2983502 A1 FR 2983502A1
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- membrane
- profiled elements
- roof
- fixing
- photovoltaic panels
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Links
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000251131 Sphyrna Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013615 primer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002987 primer (paints) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010454 slate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
- H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
- H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
- H02S20/23—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings specially adapted for roof structures
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
- F24S25/10—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules extending in directions away from a supporting surface
- F24S25/13—Profile arrangements, e.g. trusses
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
- F24S25/30—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules using elongate rigid mounting elements extending substantially along the supporting surface, e.g. for covering buildings with solar heat collectors
- F24S25/33—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules using elongate rigid mounting elements extending substantially along the supporting surface, e.g. for covering buildings with solar heat collectors forming substantially planar assemblies, e.g. of coplanar or stacked profiles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
- F24S25/50—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules comprising elongate non-rigid elements, e.g. straps, wires or ropes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
- F24S25/60—Fixation means, e.g. fasteners, specially adapted for supporting solar heat collector modules
- F24S25/65—Fixation means, e.g. fasteners, specially adapted for supporting solar heat collector modules for coupling adjacent supporting elements, e.g. for connecting profiles together
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
- F24S2025/01—Special support components; Methods of use
- F24S2025/021—Sealing means between support elements and mounting surface
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
- F24S2025/80—Special profiles
- F24S2025/801—Special profiles having hollow parts with closed cross-section
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
- F24S2025/80—Special profiles
- F24S2025/806—Special profiles having curved portions
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
- F24S2025/80—Special profiles
- F24S2025/807—Special profiles having undercut grooves
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
Abstract
Description
DISPOSITIF DE FIXATION DE PANNEAUX PHOTOVOLTAÏQUES DOMAINE DE L'INVENTION L'invention se rapporte à un dispositif de fixation de panneaux photovoltaïques sur une toiture, dont l'étanchéité est assurée par une membrane d'étanchéité, lequel dispositif comprend un jeu d'éléments profilés et des moyens de fixation des éléments profilés à la toiture. L'invention concerne plus spécifiquement un dispositif destiné aux toitures pourvues d'un support continu sur lequel est destinée à être rapportée ladite membrane. L'invention concerne également un procédé de fixation de panneaux photovoltaïques sur une toiture ainsi qu'un procédé de pose d'une toiture. FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a device for fixing photovoltaic panels on a roof, the sealing of which is ensured by a waterproofing membrane, which device comprises a set of profiled elements. and means for fixing the profiled elements to the roof. The invention relates more specifically to a device for roofs provided with a continuous support on which is intended to be said membrane. The invention also relates to a method of fixing photovoltaic panels on a roof and a method of laying a roof.
ART ANTERIEUR Dans le cadre de mesures incitatives mises en place dans certains pays européens, en vue de favoriser le développement des sources d'énergie non fossiles, figure la notion d'intégration consistant à conférer aux panneaux photovoltaïques une fonction effective de protection et d'étanchéité au sein du bâtiment sur lequel ils sont rapportés. Ce faisant, de nombreuses solutions technologiques se sont développées pour, d'une part, assurer la fixation de tels panneaux photovoltaïques sur les toitures, et d'autre part, répondre au cahier des charges fixé par certaines administrations dans le cadre de cette notion d'intégration. Ces systèmes mettent en oeuvre des platines, des rails qui sont fixés à la structure de la toiture en perforant en général une couche d'étanchéité, ce qui oblige la pose ponctuelle d'une nouvelle étanchéité. Dès lors l'une des difficultés majeures des systèmes connus, réside dans la durabilité de l'étanchéité. 2 9 83 5 02 2 On a par exemple proposé, dans DE-20 2005 015455, une solution technique consistant à assurer l'étanchéité entre les panneaux photovoltaïques et la charpente de la toiture au moyen d'une membrane recouvrant la face supérieure de plaques planes sous-jacentes. 5 Cependant, les panneaux proprement dits sont eux-mêmes fixés au niveau de profilés solidarisés par exemple à la charpente, au moyen de vis ou de clous traversant et donc perforant ladite membrane, de sorte que l'étanchéité n'est pas garantie. On a également proposé la fixation des panneaux au niveau de potelets, 10 également rapportés sur la structure de la toiture après incision de la membrane, puis restauration de l'étanchéité en collant de manière subséquente une membrane PVC ou bitumineuse par-dessus l'incision et autour desdits potelets. Cette technique, par exemple décrite dans le FR 2 713 687, s'avère cependant particulièrement fastidieuse et longue à 15 mettre en oeuvre, surenchérissant de manière significative les coûts de pose de telles toitures. L'invention a pour but de réaliser un dispositif de fixation de panneaux photovoltaïques sur une toiture, notamment sur des toitures plates ou à 20 faible pente, permettant l'étanchéité, que ladite toiture soit de type maçonné, bois, cimenté, voire même pourvue de bac aciers. EXPOSE DE L'INVENTION 25 A cette fin le dispositif selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce que les éléments profilés sont formés de profilés linéaires ayant une embase à partir de laquelle s'étend un organe de support, l'embase étant pourvue d'une surface plane apte à permettre le positionnement desdits éléments sur la membrane d'étanchéité, les moyens de fixation étant formés par un 30 segment de membrane ayant une largeur supérieure à celle des éléments profilés et une longueur inférieure à celle des éléments profilés. L'usage d'un jeu d'éléments profilés linéaires, munis d'une embase pourvue d'une surface plane, permet le positionnement, voire la fixation desdits éléments sur la membrane. Les éléments profilés étant aptes à coopérer avec les moyens de fixation qui de part leur dimension permettent de fixer les profilés linéaire à la membrane. En effet grâce à leur largeur supérieure à celle du profilé les segments de membranes peuvent non seulement couvrir la largeur du profilé, mais également s'étendre de part et d'autre de ce dernier. Ainsi le segment de membrane va pour ainsi dire coller le profilé à la membrane. Puisque la longueur est inférieure à celle du profilé, le profilé reste encore accessible pour y fixer le panneau photovoltaïque. L'usage d'un segment de membrane permet à son tour de ne pas devoir perforer la membrane pour fixer le dispositif à la toiture. En d'autres termes, l'invention consiste à mettre en oeuvre des profilés linéaires de fixation des panneaux photovoltaïques, rapportés sans percement ni perforation de la membrane assurant l'étanchéité. Ce faisant, on permet la préservation de l'intégrité de ladite membrane et corolairement l'étanchéité requise. Ainsi le dispositif suivant l'invention s'intègre dans la toiture et forme partie de la couverture que procure la membrane d'étanchéité. PRIOR ART As part of the incentive measures put in place in certain European countries, with a view to promoting the development of non-fossil energy sources, the concept of integration consists of conferring on photovoltaic panels an effective function of protection and protection. tightness within the building on which they are reported. In doing so, many technological solutions have been developed to, first, ensure the fixing of such photovoltaic panels on roofs, and secondly, meet the specifications set by some administrations in the context of this concept of 'integration. These systems use plates, rails which are attached to the structure of the roof by generally perforating a sealing layer, which requires the punctual installation of a new seal. Therefore, one of the major difficulties of the known systems lies in the durability of the seal. For example, DE-20 2005 015455 proposes a technical solution consisting in sealing between the photovoltaic panels and the roof structure by means of a membrane covering the upper face of plates. underlying planes. However, the panels themselves are themselves fixed at the level of profiles secured for example to the frame, by means of screws or through nails and thus perforating said membrane, so that the seal is not guaranteed. It has also been proposed to fix the panels at posts, also reported on the structure of the roof after incision of the membrane, then restore the seal by subsequently sticking a PVC or bituminous membrane over the incision. and around said posts. This technique, for example described in FR 2,713,687, however, proves particularly tedious and time consuming to implement, significantly outweighing the costs of laying such roofs. The object of the invention is to provide a device for fixing photovoltaic panels on a roof, in particular on flat or low slope roofs, which makes it possible to seal, whether said roof is of the masonry, wood, cemented or even provided type. of steel steels. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION To this end the device according to the invention is characterized in that the profiled elements are formed of linear profiles having a base from which a support member extends, the base being provided with a flat surface capable of allowing the positioning of said elements on the sealing membrane, the fixing means being formed by a membrane segment having a width greater than that of the profiled elements and a length less than that of the profiled elements. The use of a set of linear profiled elements, provided with a base provided with a flat surface, allows the positioning, or even the fixing of said elements on the membrane. The profiled elements being able to cooperate with the fastening means which by their size allow to fix the linear profiles to the membrane. Indeed, because of their width greater than that of the profile segments of membranes can not only cover the width of the profile, but also extend on either side of the latter. Thus the membrane segment will, so to speak, stick the profile to the membrane. Since the length is less than that of the profile, the profile is still accessible to fix the photovoltaic panel. The use of a membrane segment in turn allows not to have to perforate the membrane to fix the device to the roof. In other words, the invention consists in implementing linear profiles for fixing photovoltaic panels, reported without piercing or perforation of the membrane ensuring the seal. In doing so, it is possible to preserve the integrity of said membrane and corollary the required sealing. Thus the device according to the invention is integrated in the roof and forms part of the cover that provides the waterproofing membrane.
Une première forme de réalisation préférentielle d'un dispositif suivant l'invention est caractérisée en ce que le segment de membrane est dimensionné de telle façon à être rapporté sur l'organe de support et fixé sur la membrane de part et d'autre de l'élément profilé sur lequel il est appliqué. Ainsi le profilé est fixé à la membrane de part et d'autre dans un sens longitudinal, ce qui permet une fixation adéquate qui résiste même à de fortes tempêtes. Une deuxième forme de réalisation préférentielle d'un dispositif suivant l'invention est caractérisée en ce que la composition du segment de membrane est de composition similaire à celle de la membrane, en particulier le segment de membrane est formé par une membrane bitumineuse ou par une membrane fabriquée à base de substances de nature végétale. Ainsi le segment de membrane et la membrane sont de composition similaire, ce qui avantage leur compatibilité. Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, l'organe de support comporte une gorge s'étendant longitudinalement depuis l'enveloppe supérieure, la gorge est apte à recevoir les moyens destinés à assurer la fixation des panneaux photovoltaïques. Ces moyens peuvent typiquement être constitués d'un autre profilé, orienté alors de préférence de façon perpendiculaire par rapport à l'élément profilé, de vis, vis marteau ou vis auto-taraudeuses, etc.. A first preferred embodiment of a device according to the invention is characterized in that the membrane segment is dimensioned so as to be attached to the support member and fixed on the membrane on both sides of the membrane. profiled element to which it is applied. Thus the profile is fixed to the membrane on both sides in a longitudinal direction, which allows a suitable fixation that resists even strong storms. A second preferred embodiment of a device according to the invention is characterized in that the composition of the membrane segment is of composition similar to that of the membrane, in particular the membrane segment is formed by a bituminous membrane or by a membrane made from vegetable substances. Thus the membrane segment and the membrane are of similar composition, which advantage their compatibility. According to another characteristic of the invention, the support member comprises a groove extending longitudinally from the upper envelope, the groove is adapted to receive the means for fixing the photovoltaic panels. These means may typically consist of another profile, then preferably oriented perpendicularly relative to the profiled element, screws, hammer screws or self-tapping screws, etc.
Lesdits moyens de fixation peuvent en outre être associés à des organes aptes à optimiser l'inclinaison des panneaux photovoltaïques en fonction de la localisation de la toiture ainsi recouverte. De fait, les panneaux sont susceptibles de présenter une inclinaison par rapport à l'horizontale, par exemple comprise entre 0 et 35°. BRÈVE DESCRIPTION DES FIGURES La manière dont l'invention peut être réalisée et les avantages qui en découlent, ressortiront mieux des exemples de réalisation qui suivent, donnés à titre indicatif et non limitatif, à l'appui des figures annexées. Dans les dessins : La figure 1 est une représentation schématique illustrant le positionnement de panneaux photovoltaïques au moyen du dispositif de fixation conforme à l'invention; La figure 2 est une représentation schématique en section transversale d'un élément profilé selon l'invention ; Les figures 3 et 4 illustrent la mise en oeuvre d'un tel élément profilé avec 30 un panneau photovoltaïque, respectivement vue de face et en vue latérale; La figure 5 est une vue analogue à la figure 3, d'une variante du mode de fixation du panneau au niveau du profilé; La figure 6 est une vue analogue à la figure 5, illustrant une variante d'un mode de fixation des panneaux. Said fastening means may also be associated with organs capable of optimizing the inclination of the photovoltaic panels as a function of the location of the roof thus covered. In fact, the panels are likely to have an inclination relative to the horizontal, for example between 0 and 35 °. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES The manner in which the invention can be realized and the advantages which result therefrom will emerge more clearly from the following exemplary embodiments given by way of indication and not by way of limitation, in support of the appended figures. In the drawings: FIG. 1 is a schematic representation illustrating the positioning of photovoltaic panels by means of the fixing device according to the invention; Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional representation of a profiled element according to the invention; Figures 3 and 4 illustrate the implementation of such a profiled element with a photovoltaic panel, respectively front view and side view; Figure 5 is a view similar to Figure 3, a variant of the way of fixing the panel at the profile; Figure 6 is a view similar to Figure 5, illustrating a variant of a panel fixing method.
Dans les figures une même référence a été attribuée à un même élément ou à un élément analogue. EXPOSÉ DÉTAILLÉ DE L'INVENTION La figure 1 représente une vue partielle d'une toiture mettant en oeuvre le dispositif de fixation conforme à l'invention. Cette toiture 1 est en fait rapportée sur une surface sensiblement continue (non représentée), faite par exemple de bacs en acier, de supports en bois ou de support en béton. In the figures, the same reference has been attributed to the same element or to a similar element. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION FIG. 1 represents a partial view of a roof using the fixing device according to the invention. This roof 1 is in fact reported on a substantially continuous surface (not shown), made for example of steel tanks, wooden supports or concrete support.
Cette surface continue est revêtue d'une membrane d'étanchéité 2, par exemple de type bitumineuse ou fabriquée avec des substances de nature végétale, appliquée sur cette surface sous-jacente continue, selon des procédés traditionnels (notamment collage, soudure, fixation mécanique) mis en oeuvre pour assurer l'adhérence de telles membranes sur une structure plane. En l'espèce, la structure sous-jacente peut être de toute nature, et notamment, comme indiqué précédemment, en bois, en ciment, voire être constituée d'une pluralité de bacs acier emboités les uns dans les autres. This continuous surface is coated with a waterproofing membrane 2, for example of the bituminous type or manufactured with substances of vegetable nature, applied to this continuous underlying surface, according to traditional methods (especially bonding, welding, mechanical fixing). implemented to ensure the adhesion of such membranes on a flat structure. In this case, the underlying structure can be of any kind, and in particular, as indicated above, wood, cement, or even consist of a plurality of steel bins nested into each other.
Selon l'invention, sont rapportés sur la membrane 2 un jeu d'éléments profilés linéaires 4, dont la fonction est d'assurer la fixation de panneaux photovoltaïques 3, par exemple par l'intermédiaire de rails 7. De tels éléments profilés linéaires 4 sont par exemple illustrés en section transversale sur la figure 2. Les éléments profilés linéaires 4 sont typiquement réalisés en aluminium, et issus de filières. Bien entendu d'autres matériaux tels que des matières plastiques peuvent également être utilisés pour la construction des profilés. Les éléments profilés linéaires 4 présentent une embase ayant une surface plane 10. A partir de cette surface plane s'étend un organe de support 11 qui de préférence possède un profil en arc. Cet organe de support 11 définit une enveloppe supérieure de forme courbée ou arrondie développée au dessus de la surface plane de l'embase. L'enveloppe supérieure possède de préférence au moins un rayon de courbure, typiquement voisin de 90 mm. De préférence l' enveloppe supérieure possède de préférence deux rayons de courbure. Cette forme particulière de l'enveloppe supérieure 11 est destinée à favoriser la fixation dudit élément profilé linéaire 4 sur la membrane 2. A cet effet, on rapporte un moyen de fixation 5 formé par un segment de membrane sur l'élément profilé 4. Le segment de membrane est par exemple formé par un lé ayant une composition similaire à celle de la membrane sur laquelle il sera appliqué. Le lé possède une largeur supérieure à celle des éléments profilés et une longueur inférieure à celle des éléments profilés pour ainsi s'étendre de part et d'autre de, l'élément profilé de telle sorte à venir se fixer par soudure sur la membrane 2. According to the invention, are reported on the membrane 2 a set of linear profiled elements 4, whose function is to ensure the attachment of photovoltaic panels 3, for example by means of rails 7. Such linear profile elements 4 are for example illustrated in cross section in Figure 2. The linear section elements 4 are typically made of aluminum, and derived from dies. Of course other materials such as plastics can also be used for the construction of the profiles. The linear profiled elements 4 have a base having a flat surface 10. From this flat surface extends a support member 11 which preferably has an arcuate profile. This support member 11 defines an upper envelope of curved or rounded shape developed above the flat surface of the base. The upper envelope preferably has at least one radius of curvature, typically close to 90 mm. Preferably, the upper envelope preferably has two radii of curvature. This particular form of the upper envelope 11 is intended to promote the attachment of said linear profiled element 4 to the membrane 2. For this purpose, there is reported a fastening means 5 formed by a membrane segment on the profiled element 4. For example, a membrane segment is formed by a web having a composition similar to that of the membrane to which it will be applied. The web has a width greater than that of the profiled elements and a length less than that of the profiled elements so as to extend on either side of the profiled element so as to be fixed by welding on the membrane 2 .
Avantageusement, le segment de membrane formant le moyen de fixation ou le lé 5 est de même nature que la membrane bitumineuse 2, pour éviter tout risque d'incompatibilité des composants respectifs de la membrane et du segment de membrane. Cependant, on peut également envisager de choisir pour le segment de membrane 5 une membrane fabriquée avec des substances de nature végétale. L'avantage d'utiliser un segment de membrane de composition similaire est que l'on peut utiliser ainsi les propriétés adhésives de la membrane. Il suffira alors de chauffer le segment de membrane et la membrane pour les faire adhérer l'un à l'autre. Advantageously, the membrane segment forming the fixing means or le 5 is of the same nature as the bituminous membrane 2, to avoid any risk of incompatibility of the respective components of the membrane and the membrane segment. However, it is also possible to choose for the membrane segment 5 a membrane manufactured with substances of vegetable nature. The advantage of using a membrane segment of similar composition is that the adhesive properties of the membrane can be used as well. It will then be sufficient to heat the membrane segment and the membrane to adhere to one another.
Pour appliquer les éléments profilés sur la toiture, ces derniers sont directement rapportés sur la membrane 2, qui avantageusement peut être réchauffée au préalable, par exemple au moyen d'un chalumeau portable ou de toute autre source de chaleur, aux fins de révéler ses propriétés adhésives et favoriser le positionnement desdits profilés selon l'orientation et la localisation souhaitées. L'embase 10 peut éventuellement être enduite d'un adhésif, afin de favoriser le positionnement desdits éléments profilés linéaires 4. Après application des éléments profilés sur la membrane les segments de membranes 5 sont posés et soudés sur les éléments profilés de façon à traverser et recouvrir en partie l'organe de support 11 et venir s'étendre de part et d'autre de l'élément profilé et adhérer à la membrane. Ainsi les éléments profilés sont bien fixés à la membrane et peuvent résister même à de fortes rafales de vent. Comme on peut l'observer sur la figure 1, le lé 5 n'est pas positionné sur toute la longueur de l'élément profilé 4, mais sur une partie importante dans le but évident de promouvoir l'efficacité de la fixation, et en outre pour libérer l'accès à l'éventuelle sous-structure dont est muni l'élément profilé dans une variante de l'invention, aux fins de permettre la coopération des moyens de fixation des panneaux photovoltaïques 3. To apply the profiled elements on the roof, the latter are directly attached to the membrane 2, which advantageously can be preheated, for example by means of a portable torch or any other heat source, for the purpose of revealing its properties adhesives and promote the positioning of said profiles according to the desired orientation and location. The base 10 may optionally be coated with an adhesive, in order to promote the positioning of said linear profiled elements 4. After application of the profiled elements on the membrane, the membrane segments 5 are laid and welded on the profiled elements so as to pass through and partially cover the support member 11 and come to extend on either side of the profiled element and adhere to the membrane. Thus the profiled elements are well attached to the membrane and can withstand even strong gusts of wind. As can be seen in FIG. 1, the yarn 5 is not positioned over the entire length of the profiled element 4, but on a large part for the obvious purpose of promoting the efficiency of the fastening, and in addition to free access to the possible substructure which is provided with the profiled element in a variant of the invention, for the purpose of allowing the cooperation of the fixing means of the photovoltaic panels 3.
Selon l'invention, il peut être envisagé d'appliquer sur l'élément profilé 4, préalablement à la mise en place du segment de membrane 5 une couche d'un agent de collage ou primer ou promoteur d'adhérence, apte à favoriser l'adhérence du lé 5 sur ledit élément profilé, et corollairement, la fixation de ce dernier sur la toiture. According to the invention, it may be envisaged to apply to the profiled element 4, prior to the placement of the membrane segment 5, a layer of a sizing agent or primer or adhesion promoter, suitable for promoting adhesion of the lé 5 on said profiled element, and corollary, the attachment of the latter on the roof.
Selon une première forme de réalisation de l'invention non représentée dans les dessins, l'organe de support 11 est continu et la fixation effective des organes de fixation des panneaux photovoltaïques au niveau de ce profilé 4 s'effectue au moyen de vis auto-taraudantes, venant percer ladite enveloppe 11 sensiblement à l'aplomb de l'apex du profilé. According to a first embodiment of the invention not shown in the drawings, the support member 11 is continuous and the effective fastening of the fasteners of the photovoltaic panels at this section 4 is effected by means of self-locking screws. tapping, piercing said casing 11 substantially at the base of the apex of the profile.
Selon une autre variante, illustrée par exemple au niveau des figures 2, 3 et 4, le profilé 4 présente une rainure ou gorge linéaire 12, s'étendant longitudinalement dans l'élément profilé et parallèlement à la dimension principale dudit élément profilé. Cette gorge définit un nombre de cloisons 13 propres à coopérer par exemple avec une vis à tête marteau 14, également dénommée vis quart de tour, bien connue en soi et largement utilisée en raison de la commodité d'usage. Cette vis vient ainsi solidariser une équerre 15 ou une bride, venant alors directement serrer le panneau 3 sur un rail 7. According to another variant, illustrated for example in Figures 2, 3 and 4, the section 4 has a groove or linear groove 12, extending longitudinally in the profiled element and parallel to the main dimension of said profiled element. This groove defines a number of partitions 13 adapted to cooperate for example with a hammerhead screw 14, also called quarter-turn screw, well known per se and widely used because of the convenience of use. This screw thus joins a bracket 15 or a flange, then directly tighten the panel 3 on a rail 7.
Alternativement, le rail 7 est solidarisé au profilé 4, également au moyen d'une vis à tête marteau, le panneau 3 étant alors fixé sur le rail 7 au moyen d'une bride 16. Alternatively, the rail 7 is secured to the profile 4, also by means of a hammerhead screw, the panel 3 then being fixed on the rail 7 by means of a flange 16.
De fait, on observe pour le panneau photovoltaïque une résistance à l'arrachement supérieure ou égale à 6000 Pa. Comme indiqué en préambule, ce mode particulier de fixation ou d'intégration de panneaux photovoltaïques sur une toiture est destiné aux toits horizontaux, voire présentant une pente relativement faible, typiquement inférieure ou égale à 15° par rapport à l'horizontale. Il peut cependant s'avérer souhaitable de conférer aux panneaux photovoltaïques proprement dits une inclinaison plus importante, notamment en fonction de la localisation de la toiture et de l'ensoleillement local. A cet effet, on monte dans l'organe de support et plus particulièrement on fixe dans la gorge 12 un élément intermédiaire 17, en l'espèce typiquement constituée d'une bride, venant se fixer d'une part, sur l'équerre 15, et d'autre part sur un rail 7, propre à conférer l'inclinaison souhaitée, telle qu'on l'a matérialisée sur la figure 5. In fact, we observe for the photovoltaic panel resistance to tearing greater than or equal to 6000 Pa. As indicated in the preamble, this particular method of fixing or integration of photovoltaic panels on a roof is intended for horizontal roofs or even presenting a relatively low slope, typically less than or equal to 15 ° relative to the horizontal. However, it may be desirable to give the photovoltaic panels themselves a greater inclination, especially depending on the location of the roof and the local sunshine. For this purpose, is mounted in the support member and more particularly is fixed in the groove 12 an intermediate member 17, in this case typically consists of a flange, being fixed on the one hand, on the bracket 15 , and secondly on a rail 7, adapted to confer the desired inclination, as materialized in Figure 5.
La figure 6 illustre une variante de la fixation d'un panneau photovoltaïque 3 sur le dispositif suivant l'invention, là encore, en intégrant l'inclinaison dudit panneau. Selon cette variante les panneaux 3 sont fixés sur un rail 20, au moyen de brides 21, il s'agit dans ce cas d'un système traditionnel au montage des systèmes photovoltaïques. Ces rails 20 sont eux-mêmes fixés au rail 7 respectivement par une équerre 22, vissée dans ledit rail 7, et d'une potence 23, sur laquelle est articulée l'autre extrémité du rail 20. L'avantage de la potence 23 est de permettre a postériori le changement de l'inclinaison des panneaux photovoltaïques de 0 à 35 °. Les trous de la potence 23 peuvent également être remplacés par une rainure en arc de cercle. La membrane d'étanchéité peut recevoir des granulés, de type schiste ou paillettes d'ardoise, aux fins de renforcer son étanchéité. On conçoit tout l'intérêt de la présente invention, tout d'abord de par la préservation systématique de l'intégrité de la membrane 2 assurant l'étanchéité effective. On ne se heurte plus de fait à un quelconque problème de fuite né notamment de la perforation de ladite membrane. En outre, on conçoit la facilité de pose de tels panneaux photovoltaïques en raison de la mise en oeuvre de profilés simples à positionner et à fixer, générant ainsi un gain de temps significatif et réduisant d'autant les frais d'une telle installation. Au surplus, l'invention permet de s'affranchir de la mise en oeuvre de ballast ou dispositif équivalent. FIG. 6 illustrates a variant of the fixing of a photovoltaic panel 3 on the device according to the invention, again, by integrating the inclination of said panel. According to this variant the panels 3 are fixed on a rail 20, by means of flanges 21, it is in this case a traditional system for mounting photovoltaic systems. These rails 20 are themselves fixed to the rail 7 respectively by a bracket 22, screwed into said rail 7, and a bracket 23, on which is articulated the other end of the rail 20. The advantage of the bracket 23 is to allow a posteriori change of the inclination of photovoltaic panels from 0 to 35 °. The holes of the stem 23 may also be replaced by an arcuate groove. The waterproofing membrane can receive granules, shale or slate, to reinforce its tightness. We understand the whole point of the present invention, first of all by the systematic preservation of the integrity of the membrane 2 ensuring effective sealing. No one actually runs into any leakage problem born in particular the perforation of said membrane. In addition, the ease of installation of such photovoltaic panels is conceivable because of the implementation of simple profiles to be positioned and fixed, thus saving significant time and reducing the costs of such an installation. In addition, the invention eliminates the implementation of ballast or equivalent device.
Enfin, en raison d'un accès simple à l'organe de support à mettre en oeuvre, on peut procéder à de nombreux montages et démontages des panneaux photovoltaïques, en vue de pourvoir à leur remplacement ou d'assurer la maintenance y relative.30 Finally, due to a simple access to the support member to implement, we can proceed to many assemblies and disassembly of photovoltaic panels, in order to provide for their replacement or to ensure the maintenance thereof.
Claims (12)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1161101A FR2983502B1 (en) | 2011-12-02 | 2011-12-02 | DEVICE FOR FASTENING PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1161101A FR2983502B1 (en) | 2011-12-02 | 2011-12-02 | DEVICE FOR FASTENING PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR2983502A1 true FR2983502A1 (en) | 2013-06-07 |
| FR2983502B1 FR2983502B1 (en) | 2015-02-06 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1161101A Active FR2983502B1 (en) | 2011-12-02 | 2011-12-02 | DEVICE FOR FASTENING PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS |
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| FR (1) | FR2983502B1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US9813012B2 (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2017-11-07 | Quality Product Llc | Rail-less roof mounting clamp assembly |
| US10505492B2 (en) | 2016-02-12 | 2019-12-10 | Solarcity Corporation | Building integrated photovoltaic roofing assemblies and associated systems and methods |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2983502B1 (en) | 2015-02-06 |
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