FR2966177A1 - MODULAR CONSTRUCTION UNIT AND METHOD OF BUILDING A CORRESPONDING BUILDING - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a modular unit intended to form at least a portion of a room of a building, comprising a peripheral metal frame comprising a plurality of amounts secured by their lower end to a plurality of substantially horizontal elements arranged so as to form edges of a frame. According to the invention, said amounts are formed from merchant rolls.

Description

Modular building unit and method of constructing a corresponding building. 1. Field of the invention The technical field of the invention is that of the building.

More specifically, the invention relates to a modular building unit constituting a part of a factory prefabricated building, metal frame, intended to be transported to a construction site to be assembled with other modular building units in the purpose of raising a building.

The invention applies in particular but not exclusively to the construction of individual houses and collective residential buildings. It can also be implemented as part of the construction of office buildings. 2. State of the art It is known buildings composed of the assembly of several self-supporting modules juxtaposed and / or superimposed, prefabricated in series at the factory. It is also frequent that these modules are developed around a substantially parallelepipedal metal frame supporting a floor, walls, a ceiling and / or a portion of roof. Moreover, these modules to be transported by road and lifted using a crane, it has long sought to limit their mass, including using tubular elements to form the framework of the module.

These modular construction techniques are therefore often reserved for the construction of buildings of uniform appearance, of little interest on an architectural level, and / or uncomfortable, such as for example demountable temporary buildings, or light buildings for use leisure (bungalow, ...).

A disadvantage of these known techniques is that they do not allow to build otherwise original buildings, at least unique, and are therefore not suitable for the construction of individual houses meeting the current requirements in terms of variety of supply , features and aesthetics. It is further noted that buildings built using these known techniques have low sound insulation, are not very resistant to fire, and are also sensitive to the effects of wind. Another disadvantage of these modular construction techniques is that it is difficult to superimpose two modules one on the other by aligning them properly, when assembling the modules using a crane. This penalizes the rate of elevation of the building on site, and in some cases imposes the laying of strips, or covers, and / or an additional coating on the outer walls of the building to hide the misalignment, which is not satisfactory. OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION The object of the invention is therefore in particular to overcome the disadvantages of the state of the art cited above. More specifically, the invention aims to provide a modular building unit technique that is simple to manufacture in the factory and set up on the construction site.

An object of the invention is particularly, in a particular embodiment of the invention to provide such a technique that can be implemented by poorly qualified personnel. The invention also aims to provide such a technique that is a reduced cost.

Another object of the invention is to provide such a technique which is light and easily transportable. An object of the invention is also to provide such a technique that allows to mount the superstructure of a building on site in a single day.

Yet another object of the invention is to provide such a technique which is reliable, and which allow to raise a building of appearance and qualities substantially similar to those of a building constructed according to conventional and / or traditional techniques. 4. Objective of the invention These objectives, as well as others which will appear later are achieved with the aid of a modular unit intended to form at least a portion of a part of a building, including a frame peripheral wire comprising a plurality of posts secured at their lower end to a plurality of substantially horizontal members arranged to form edges of a frame.

The invention therefore relates to a self-supporting modular construction unit. According to the invention, said amounts are formed from merchant rolls. Thus, in an unprecedented manner, the invention proposes to produce the amounts of the modular unit from hot-rolled metal products which are resistant, of a suitable thickness and less expensive than tubes or hollow profiles obtained by extrusion and / or stretching. According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, at least one of said uprights has, near one of its ends, a centering element extending substantially horizontally towards the inside of said frame from said upright. The alignment of two superimposed modular units is thus facilitated. Furthermore, by arranging the centering element inside the framework, it does not create a projection on the outer surface of the modular unit, capable of piercing a weatherproof covering covering the modular unit during his transport. In a particular embodiment of the invention, it can be envisaged that the centering element has a large bearing surface to form a short cylindrical type centering.

Preferably, two centering elements are provided near the lower and / or upper part of said modular unit.

In the context of the invention, these two centering elements can be secured to the same amount or to two different amounts. Thus, it provides a more accurate positioning between two modular units mounted on one another.

Preferably, said centering element comprises a vertical axis light. It may be for example a light circular outline, oblong, rectangular, star or other contour of any suitable shape.

In a particular embodiment of the invention, said centering element extends near the upper end of said upright. Such a modular unit according to the invention may also have a centering element near the lower end of the same amount, if it is a modular unit intended to be intercalated between two modular units. According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, such a modular unit comprises at least one panel mounted between two of said uprights configured to allow bracing of said frame in a vertical plane.

This gives a self-supporting unit, resistant, and little deformable, especially under the action of wind. According to an advantageous aspect of the invention, said panel comprises a structural fiberglass plate intended to be turned towards the outside of the modular unit, and an inner coating layer between which is inserted an insulating layer. An insulating and light wall is thus obtained. Preferably, said panel overlaps at least partially a wing of one of said uprights. Thus one houses an edge of the panel inside said amount, which improves the maintenance of the panel and facilitates its attachment to the amount.

In addition the presence of panels covering the metal uprights improves the fire resistance of the modular unit. Advantageously, the outwardly facing face of said unit of said uprights is covered with a layer of insulating material.

This simply reduces the thermal bridges to the outside. In at least one embodiment of the invention, a modular unit such as those described above comprises a floor slab having a reinforced concrete layer cast inside said frame. This makes it possible to produce a building having suitable sound insulation qualities, especially with regard to the transmission of impact noises resulting from the vibration of a floor, which is attenuated by the presence of a concrete slab. According to a particular aspect of the invention, a modular unit such as those described above comprises at least one tray attached to said frame receiving said reinforced concrete layer. This is simply a formwork of the concrete slab. The invention also relates to a connecting element between two superposed modular units, such as those described above, of which at least one of the uprights has, near one of its ends, a centering element extending substantially horizontally towards the inside the frame of the modular unit from this amount. According to the invention, such a connecting element has at least two protuberances configured to cooperate each with a centering element integral with an amount of one of said units, so as to allow a height alignment of one of said units by report to the other. Thus, the height alignment of superposed modular units becomes particularly simple. It is sufficient to accommodate a protuberance of this removable connection element in the centering element of the modular unit already implanted on the site, then to position the centering element of the upper modular unit substantially at the other of the other protuberance. the connecting element before laying the upper modular unit, by plugging in the centering element in the second protuberance, which guides the upper modular unit. In a particular embodiment of the invention, it may be provided to align two of the protuberances. In another particular embodiment of the invention, the two protuberances can be off-axis. The invention also relates to a method of constructing a building having at least one floor, especially for residential use, from at least two modular units with a metal frame comprising a plurality of uprights formed from solidarized merchant laminates. by their lower end to a plurality of substantially horizontal elements arranged to form edges of a frame, said units being executed in the factory and transported to the construction site of said building. According to the invention, such a construction method of a building comprises a step of assembling said two units one on the other on said site comprising the following steps: - securing of at least one connecting element such as described above, and preferably two of said connecting elements, to one or more centering elements of a first of said units; placing a second of said units on said first of said units, so as to house each of said connecting elements in a centering element of said second of said units. It should be noted that the joining of at least two connecting elements has the advantage of allowing a more precise alignment of the two modular units.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said first of said units being intended to rest on foundations, the execution of said first of said units comprises the casting of a reinforced concrete layer inside said frame when said frame is lying on the floor.

This eliminates the need for reusable formwork equipment or lost formwork, which reduces costs. 5. List of Figures Other features and advantages of the invention will appear more clearly on reading the following description of an embodiment of the invention, given as a simple illustrative and non-limiting example, and drawings. appended among which: - Figure 1 schematically illustrates a building constructed from modular units according to the invention, exploded view; - Figures 2A and 2B show the frame of two modular units of the building of Figure 1; FIG. 3 is a detailed view of the interface between two superimposed modular units of the building presented with reference to FIG. 1; FIG. 4 illustrates alternative embodiments of a connection element according to the invention; - Figure 5 is a partial view in horizontal section of a modular unit shown in Figure 1; FIG. 6 is a representation in block diagram form of the steps of an exemplary construction method according to the invention; - Figure 7 is a vertical sectional view of the lower part of a modular unit constituting the ground floor of the building shown with reference to Figure 1. 6. Detailed description of the invention 6.1. EXAMPLE OF EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION FIG. 1 shows schematically an example of an individual house 10 of type R +1 in an exploded view, constructed from modular units according to the invention. This house 10 is based on a network of anti-seismic studs made of reinforced concrete 11, placed on the ground, constituting the foundations of the house. Plates 12 defining a crawl space are deposited on the edge between these grooved studs 11 and held at their ends in the grooves of the studs 11. 2966177 s The ground floor of the house 10 consists of three parallelepiped-shaped modular units rectangular 13, and a modular unit of more complex contour 14 including an advance. The units 13 and 14 are joined to each other by two faces and 5 form several habitable rooms of the ground floor of the house when they are together. They each have a net surface area of between 15 and 20 m2, so as to be easily transported on a platform of a truck. However other surfaces can be envisaged according to the type of dwelling wished. As can be seen in FIG. 2A, the frame 20 of the modular unit 14 comprises metal uprights 21 arranged at substantially regular intervals along the lateral contour of the modular unit 21. The maximum span between two adjacent uprights is 2.5m in this particular embodiment of the invention. These uprights are advantageously formed of "L" angles with equal wings, cut into lengths of commercial laminates. Horizontal metal elements 22, also called beams in the following description, are secured, for example by welds or bolts, at the legs of the uprights 21 so as to form a peripheral structural frame 220 at the base of the frame. The section of these cross members 22 has a "U" profile in this embodiment of the invention. In variants of this embodiment of the invention, it may also be envisaged to use "H", "T" or "I" profiles to form the cross members 22. In the upper portion of the unit 14, beams 23 carrying crosspieces 24 are fixed between the upper ends of the uprights 21. The crosspieces 24 are intended to support the ceiling of the modular unit 21 (not shown in this figure 2) and a layer of insulating material . The first floor of the house consists of four adjoining modular units 151, 152, 153, 154 whose upper part forms attic. These four modular units 151, 152, 153, 154 are based on the framework of the modular units 13 or 14. Wooden trusses 16 arranged in a manner known per se support the top of the roof, up to the factoring.

The frame 25 of the modular unit 151 resting on the modular unit 12 is presented with reference to Figure 2B. This frame 25 comprises uprights 26, 27 consisting of "L" angles obtained from merchantable laminates, welded at their base to the core of beams 28 forming the sides of a peripheral lower frame 29 of this frame 25. vertical portion 271 of the uprights 27 is extended by an inclined portion 272 conforming to the slope of the roof. Beams 210 are fixed between the upper ends of the uprights 26, 27 adjacent.

It should be noted that the use of "L" angles significantly reduces the cost and manufacturing time of the complex framework 25. Figure 3 is a detailed view of the interface zone between the end greater than an amount 21 of the modular unit 14 and the lower part of the modular unit 151.

It can be seen in FIG. 3 that a plate 31 is welded inside the flanges of the angle iron 21, a few centimeters below the upper end 32 of the upright 21. This plate 31 extends perpendicular to the axis of the upright 21 towards the inside of the frame 20, and comprises a centering light 33 with a vertical axis 331 and a circular contour.

The plate 31 also includes passages 34 for bolting the modular units 14 and 151 together and carries an anchor passage 35 of a rudder hook for the suspension of the modular unit 14 at the end of an arm of a crane or front lift truck. A second anchor passage 36 is provided in this embodiment in one of the beams 24 adjacent to the upper end of the post 21. In a variation of this embodiment, it may be provided to form a passage of anchoring in a wing of the upright 21. A plate 37 is also secured to the upright 27 near the lower end of this amount. This plate 37 extends horizontally towards the inside of the framework 25 and is substantially flush with the upper edge of the frame 29. It has a circular centering light 38 of a diameter substantially identical to that of the light 33. An element of detachable link 39 for centering between the modular units 14 and 151 is mounted in the space between the plates 31 and 37. This connecting element 39 comprises a body 312 of a length less than the spacing between the plates 31 and 37 when the modular units are superimposed and a projection protruding 310, 311, flaring towards its base, at each end of the body 312 which is respectively plugged into the light 33 and the light 38. The diameter of the protuberance 311 is advantageously slightly less than that of the light 38 to facilitate its introduction into the light 38 and the installation of the modular unit 151. A second identical connecting element to the connecting element 39 is advantageously mounted between two centering apertures each secured to an amount of the frame 20 or the frame 25 separate from the upright 21 or the upright 27 and arranged facing each other, which improves the accuracy of the centering between the modular units 14 and 151. In Figures 4A to 4C, there is shown examples of alternative embodiments of a connecting element according to the invention. In FIG. 4A, the connecting element 41 comprises two protuberances 42 of oblong section. In another variant illustrated in FIG. 4-B, the protuberances 43, off-axis, are offset to the left or to the right of the body 44, for example in order to remove a centering light from a post in which they fit. a greater distance than the other centering light, for constructive reasons.

In yet another variant, the connecting element 45 may carry two protuberances 46 or 47 at each end of its body 48 (FIG. 4C). FIG. 5 is a partial view in horizontal section of the modular unit 14.

A light and insulating wooden bracing panel 51 is inserted between two adjacent posts 21 on one side of the modular unit 14 facing the outside. This panel 51 consists of the exterior to the inside of a thick structural plate of wood particles 52 intended to form a bracing web, for example an OSB plate, of an intermediate layer of insulation 53 and a light inner lining layer 54, for example a plywood sheet or plasterboard. Oblique reinforcements 55 penetrating into the insulating layer 53 are fixed on the face turned towards the inside of the plate 52.

As can be seen in FIG. 5, the edges of the panel 51 partially overlap a wing of the angles 21 to which they are mechanically fixed, for example by means of bolts or rivets, which ensures a proper retention of the panel 51. and on the other hand, the panel 51 forms a fire protection for the upright 21. The panel 51 can also be pierced with an opening for receiving, for example, a window. It should be noted that because of the high rigidity of the modular unit, the finishing work attached to the parts of the modular unit were made in the factory, without risk of deterioration during transport of the modular unit on the construction site. An insulating layer 57 advantageously covers the outer surface of the uprights 21 and beams 22 and 24, which limits the thermal bridges and makes it possible to confer appreciable thermal performance in the home 10.

Partitions 58 equipped with doors 59 are attached to the inner sides of the frame 20 of this unit 14, to separate different living parts. These doors 59 are advantageously sliding sliding doors to release a maximum living space.

Figure 6 summarizes the successive steps of the method according to the invention for the construction of the house 10, in the form of a block diagram. In a step 61, the specific modular units 13, 14, 151, 152, 153, and 154 have been executed in the factory.

In this step 61, a reinforced concrete floor slab with embedded insulation was cast directly into the lower frame of the modular units 13 and 14 placed on the ground (step 611). After hardening of the slab, these modular units raised from the ground so as to give its final deflection to the slab (step 612), and a smoothing screed was applied to the reinforced concrete slab, so as to obtain a flat surface and smooth (step 613). As a simple illustration, there is shown in Figure 7 a vertical sectional view of a lower portion of the modular unit 14. It can be seen in this figure 7 the frame 220 surrounding the slab 71 of reinforced concrete particles enriched of perlites 72 distributed substantially homogeneously in the slab. In a variant of this embodiment of the invention, it may also be expected to report in the frame a ribbed steel tank covered with a layer of insulating material in which is poured a reinforced concrete slab. In a next step 614, the bracing panels, partitions, ceilings and insulation are fixed to the frame of the modular units. The finishing work is then carried out in the factory, during a step 615.

The modular units are then sheeted (step 62) and transported to the construction site of the detached house 10 on road trailer platforms (step 63). On the construction site, the modular units were assembled during a step 64. Thus, the modular units 13 and 14 of the ground floor were laid using a crane on the earthquake-resistant pads of the foundations. by bringing them together, in a step 641, by making the location of the uprights 21 of these units coincide with that of the studs 11.

In a step 642, the modular units 13 and 14 were fixed together. A connection element was successively secured to each centering element of the units 13 and 14, during a step 643, and then successively deposited the modular units 151, 152, 153 and 154 using the crane on the units. modular 14 and 13, making sure to house each of the connecting elements in an upper modular unit centering element (step 644). The embodiments described here are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. As a result, many modifications can be made without departing from the scope thereof as defined by the claims.

Claims (13)

REVENDICATIONS1. A modular unit for forming at least a portion of a building part, comprising a peripheral metal frame comprising a plurality of posts secured at their lower end to a plurality of substantially horizontal members arranged to form edges a frame, characterized in that said amounts are formed from merchant rolls. 2. Modular unit according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of said uprights has near one of its ends a centering element extending substantially horizontally inward of said frame from said amount. 3. Modular unit according to claim 2, characterized in that said centering element comprises a vertical axis of light. 4. Modular unit according to any one of claims 2 and 3, characterized in that said centering element extends near the upper end of said upright. 5. Modular unit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises at least one panel mounted between two of said uprights configured to allow bracing of said frame in a vertical plane. 6. Modular unit according to claim 5, characterized in that said panel comprises a structural wood fiber board intended to be turned towards the outside of the modular unit, and an inner lining layer between which is interposed a layer of 'insulating. 7. Modular unit according to any one of claims 5 and 6, characterized in that said panel overlaps at least partially a wing of one of said uprights. 8. Modular unit according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the side facing outwardly of said unit of said uprights is covered with a layer of insulating material. 9. Modular unit according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises a floor slab having a reinforced concrete layer cast inside said frame. 10. Modular unit according to claim 9, characterized in that it comprises at least one tray attached to said frame receiving said reinforced concrete layer. 11. Removable connecting element between two modular units according to claim 2 to 4 superimposed, characterized in that it has at least two protuberances configured to each cooperate with a centering element integral with an amount of one of said units, so that to allow an alignment in height of one of said units relative to the other. 12. A method of constructing a building having at least one floor, especially for residential use, from at least two modular units with a metal frame comprising a plurality of uprights formed from merchant rolls secured by their lower end. a plurality of substantially horizontal elements arranged so as to form edges of a frame, said units being executed in the factory and transported to the construction site of said building, characterized in that it comprises a step of assembling said two units on one another on said site comprising the following steps: - securing at least one connecting element according to claim 11, and preferably two of said connecting elements, to one or more centering elements of a first said units; placing a second of said units on said first of said units, so as to house each of said connecting elements in a centering element of said second of said units. 13. Construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, said first of said units being intended to rest on foundations, the execution of said first of said units comprises pouring a reinforced concrete layer inside said frame when said frame is placed on the ground.