FR2839937A1

FR2839937A1 - Towed machine for agriculture or building site use has system for positioning wheels to compensate for slip on side slopes

Info

Publication number: FR2839937A1
Application number: FR0206171A
Authority: FR
Inventors: Pascal Godfrind
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2002-05-21
Filing date: 2002-05-21
Publication date: 2003-11-28
Anticipated expiration: 2022-05-21
Also published as: FR2839937B1

Abstract

The towed machine (1), having at least one axle with wheels, incorporates a system (4) that positions the wheels to compensate for slip on sloping ground. The system can be one in which the angle of the axle is adjusted by a power cylinder (7) or other mechanical means. It can also be in the form of vertical pivots for the wheel mountings and a transmission mechanism. Alternatively it can include a slope detector (3) and a false chassis articulated to the machine's main chassis.

Description

prendre en compte une variable de controle corrigee (lOc).take into account a corrected control variable (lOc).

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ENGIN DU TYPE AGRICOLE OU DE CHANTIER TRACTE AGRICULTURAL OR SITE VEHICLE TRACTE

L'invention se rapporte a un engin du type agricole ou de chantier, tracte. The invention relates to a machine of the agricultural or site type, towed.

Ces engine se deplacent bien souvent sur des terrains inclines et, notamment, These engines often move on inclined terrain and, in particular,

selon une direction secante a l'axe d'inclinaison de la pente. in a secant direction to the slope inclination axis.

Lors de ce deplacement, on constate deux phenomenes. During this displacement, there are two phenomena.

Le premier phenomene resulte du deplacement du centre de gravite de ltengin qui peut entraner le renversement de l'engin lorsque celui-ci est relativement haut ou du fait que la charge qu'il porte se situe a une distance relativement importante The first phenomenon results from the displacement of the center of gravity of the machine which can cause the overturning of the machine when it is relatively high or from the fact that the load it carries is located at a relatively large distance.

par rapport au sol.relative to the ground.

En effet, la caisse restart perpendiculaire au plan d'appui, cela modifie le Indeed, the restart body perpendicular to the support plane, this changes the

centre de gravite par rapport a son plan de sustentation. center of gravity in relation to its plane of lift.

Tel est le cas, par exemple, des bennes agricoles a grande contenance. This is the case, for example, of large capacity agricultural tipping trailers.

Le deuxieme phenomene est le glissement de ltengin lorsque celui-ci se The second phenomenon is the sliding of the ltengin when it

deplace dans une direction secante a celle de la pente. moves in a secant direction to that of the slope.

Ce probleme de glissement ne se visualise que lorsque l'engin se deplace en This sliding problem is only visible when the machine moves in

ligne droite.straight line.

Lorsque le sol est see, ce phenomene est relativement faible mais il s'accentue When the soil is seen, this phenomenon is relatively weak but it increases

lorsque le sol est tres humide.when the soil is very wet.

Le deplacement du centre de gravite accentue par ailleurs cet effet et cela The displacement of the center of gravity also accentuates this effect and that

devient done tres genant.therefore becomes very annoying.

Pour obvier a la modification du centre de gravite, on conna^'t une benne agricole sous le chassis de laquelle est monte un faux chassis portent les roues, ce faux chassis etant: - d'une part, articule selon un axe longitudinal parallele au plan d'appui et, - d'autre part, muni de verins actionnes par un dispositif de mesure de To obviate the modification of the center of gravity, we know an agricultural bucket under the chassis of which is mounted a false chassis carrying the wheels, this false chassis being: - on the one hand, articulated along a longitudinal axis parallel to the support plane and, on the other hand, provided with actuators actuated by a device for measuring

l'inclinaison pour redresser la caisse de la benne agricole. the inclination to straighten the body of the agricultural tipper.

Ce systeme ne resout pas le probleme du glissement. This system does not solve the problem of sliding.

Pour faciliter la prise de virage et eviter que certains essieux de remorque de grande contenance disposant de plusieurs essieux ripens lors de la prise de virage, il To facilitate cornering and to prevent certain trailer axles of large capacity having more than one rip-off axle when cornering,

est connu d'equiper les remorques d'essieux dits suiveurs. is known to equip trailers with tracking axles.

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Ces essieux ou plus souvent les roues vent orientables par rapport a un axe These axles or more often the wind wheels steerable relative to an axis

perpendiculaire au plan d'appui.perpendicular to the support plane.

L'orientation de ces roues est commandee uniquement lorsque le tracteur The orientation of these wheels is controlled only when the tractor

tirant la remorque prend un virage.pulling the trailer takes a turn.

Cette orientation est faites pour passer au plus pres de la corde defini par l'arc This orientation is made to pass as close as possible to the string defined by the arc

de cercle des roues avant du tracteur. of the tractor front wheels.

Par contre, lorsque le tracteur et la remorque vent en ligne, le dispositif On the other hand, when the tractor and the trailer are in line, the device

d'orientation est neutre, ctest a dire qu'il n'est pas actif. is neutral, that is, it is not active.

Cette solution de l'essieu suiveur s'applique generalement aux remorques comportant plus d'un essieu et generalement sur ce type de remorques, I'un des This follower axle solution generally applies to trailers with more than one axle and generally on this type of trailer, one of the

essieux est fixe tandis que l'autre ou les autres vent orientables. axles is fixed while the other or the other directional wind.

Cela evite une usure trop precoce des pneus car dans le cas d'un groupe d'essieux fixes lors du virage, les roues tournes et glissent sur le bitume ce qui This avoids too early wear of the tires because in the case of a group of fixed axles when cornering, the wheels turn and slip on the bitumen which

entrane une usure prematuree.leads to premature wear.

L'invention se propose d'apporter une solution technique aux problemes The invention proposes to provide a technical solution to the problems

evoques plus haut et, notamment, a celui du glissement en devers. evoked above and, in particular, that of the backward sliding.

A cet effet, I'invention a pour objet un engin, agricole ou de chantier, tracte comprenant au moins un essieu, cet engin etant caracterise en ce que ltengin comprend un moyen pour orienter les roues de l'essieu pour compenser le To this end, the invention relates to a machine, agricultural or site, tractor comprising at least one axle, this machine being characterized in that ltengin comprises a means for orienting the wheels of the axle to compensate for the

glissement lie au devers.slip linked to the slope.

L'invention sera bien comprise a ['aide de la description ci-apres faite a titre The invention will be clearly understood with the aid of the description below made by way of

d'exemple non limitatif, en regard du dessin ci-annexe, qui represente schematiquement: - figure i: une vue de dessus d'un engin selon ['invention, - figure 2: une vue de dessus d'une variante, - figure 3: une vue arriere d'une variante de realisation, - figure 4: une vue de c8te de la solution selon la figure 3, nonlimiting example, with reference to the appended drawing, which represents diagrammatically: - figure i: a top view of a machine according to the invention, - figure 2: a top view of a variant, - figure 3: a rear view of an alternative embodiment, FIG. 4: a side view of the solution according to FIG. 3,

- figure 5: une vue arriere d'une variante de la figure 3. - Figure 5: a rear view of a variant of Figure 3.

En se reportant au dessin, on volt un engin agricole ou de chantier Referring to the drawing, we fly an agricultural or construction machine

comprenant au moins un essieu 2.comprising at least one axle 2.

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r Cet engin est tracte et, en regle generale, lorsqu'un engin se deplace selon une direction F secante au devers, ce vent les roues arrieres qui ne suivent pas la r This machine is towed and, as a rule, when a machine moves in a direction F secant on the reverse, this wind the rear wheels which do not follow the

trace laissee par les roues avant qui vent generalement les roues directrices. trace left by the front wheels which generally wind the steered wheels.

On considere que l'engin agricole se deplace selon une ligne droite. The agricultural machine is considered to move in a straight line.

Selon ['invention l'engin comprend un moyen 4 pour orienter les roues de According to the invention, the machine comprises a means 4 for orienting the wheels of

l'essieu en sorte de compenser le glissement de l'engin lie au devers. the axle so as to compensate for the sliding of the machine linked to the slope.

Les roues seront a lors orientees pou r q ue, da ns le sens d u de placement de The wheels will then be oriented for the direction of placement of

l'engin, celles-ci tendent a ce que l'engin monte vers le haut de la pente. the craft, these tend to cause the craft to climb up the slope.

Un moyen de commande de ['orientation de ltessieu est done prevu. A means of controlling the orientation of the axle is therefore provided.

Dans une forme de realisation ce moyen de commande comprend un moyen 3 de detection de l'inclinaison de ltengin par rapport au plan P d'appui de l'engin et In one embodiment, this control means comprises a means 3 for detecting the inclination of the ltengin relative to the plane P of support of the machine and

cela, dans un plan perpendiculaire a l'axe conventionnel de deplacement. that, in a plane perpendicular to the conventional axis of displacement.

Ainsi l'inclinaison de l'engin commandera automatiquement ['orientation des roues. Dans une autre forme de realisation ce moyen de commande depend simplement d'une action volontaire sur un moteur entranant ['orientation des roues Thus the inclination of the machine will automatically control the orientation of the wheels. In another embodiment, this control means simply depends on voluntary action on a motor driving the orientation of the wheels.

dans le sens approprie.in the proper direction.

Ce moyen de commande 8 comprend un moyen manuel d'actionnement. This control means 8 comprises a manual actuation means.

Une premiere solution consiste a utiliser un essieu 2 orientable monte en sorte de pouvoir etre oriente dans une plage angulaire determinee, I'orientation de cet essieu etant realisee par des verins 7 ou par des tirants ou moyens mecaniques equivalents. La commande de ['orientation peut se faire a partir d'une valeur de devers determinee prealablement c'est a dire que la correction ne se met en place qu'a A first solution consists in using a steerable axle 2 mounted so that it can be oriented within a determined angular range, the orientation of this axle being produced by jacks 7 or by tie rods or equivalent mechanical means. The orientation command can be done from a slope value determined beforehand that is to say that the correction is only implemented

partir d'une certaine inclinaison.from a certain inclination.

Wile peut egalement tenir compte de la charge. Wile can also take the load into account.

Dans une seconde solution, au moins certaines des roues de l'engin vent In a second solution, at least some of the wheels of the wind machine

montees sur des pivots 200 d'axe vertical et sont, par une transmission, orientables. mounted on pivots 200 of vertical axis and are, by a transmission, orientable.

Avantageusement, un moyen 8 de commande de 1'orientation des roues oriente les roues: - d'une part, dans le sens de la compensation du glissement lie a un devers et, Advantageously, a means 8 for controlling the orientation of the wheels orients the wheels: on the one hand, in the direction of compensating for the slip linked to a slope and,

- d'autre part, en prise de virage, dans le sens de la facilite de virage. - on the other hand, when making a turn, in the direction of easy turning.

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- Un dispositif 8A de gestion de ce moyen de commande rend actif ou inactif le moyen d'orientation des roues selon le besoin et/ou selectionne le mode d'orientation - A device 8A for managing this control means makes the wheel orientation means active or inactive as required and / or selects the orientation mode

des roues.wheels.

Il pourra s'agir d'un distributeur hydraulique qui commandera le deplacement de la tige d'un verin. Cette solution est interessante car si lton utilise deja une remorque a essieux orientables, il faut modifier le dispositif existent pour commander ['orientation de l'essieu selon le besoin et notamment a ['inverse de la maniere dont cela est deja It could be a hydraulic distributor which will control the displacement of the rod of a jack. This solution is interesting because if lton already uses a trailer with steerable axles, it is necessary to modify the existing device to control the orientation of the axle according to the need and in particular in reverse of the way in which it is already

fait lorsque l'on prend un virage.done when you take a turn.

En principe sur route, le moyen de commande 8 favorisera la prise de virage alors que dans les champs, le systeme favorisant la prise de virage sera neutralise et In principle on the road, the control means 8 will favor cornering while in the fields, the system favoring cornering will be neutralized and

le systeme compensant le devers sera rendu actif. the system compensating the slope will be made active.

Pour bien faire comprendre la difference, on a represente en figure 1 et en traits pointilles, ['orientation des roues dans le cas de la prise d'un virage a gauche avec les systemes existants et en traits pleins, ['orientation qui est donnee pour compenser le devers en considerant que la partie superieure du dessin est plus haute To clearly understand the difference, we have represented in FIG. 1 and in dotted lines, ['orientation of the wheels in the case of taking a left turn with existing systems and in solid lines, [' orientation which is given to compensate for the slope by considering that the upper part of the drawing is higher

que la partie inferieure.than the lower part.

Suivant une forme de realisation la partie superieure de l'engin telle que la benne est portee par un chassis lui meme associe a un faux chassis au moyen d'une part d'un axe d'articulation longitudinal dit axe de gravite et d'autre part de verins controlant l'horizontalite de la partie superieure et une timonerie disposee entre le chassis et le faux chassis d'une part mesure ['angle du devers et entrane ltorientation According to one embodiment, the upper part of the machine such that the bucket is carried by a chassis itself associated with a false chassis by means of a part of a longitudinal articulation axis called gravity axis and other part of cylinders controlling the horizontality of the upper part and a wheelhouse arranged between the chassis and the subframe on the one hand measured ['angle of the head and drives the orientation

automatique des roues dans le sens de la compensation. automatic wheels in the direction of compensation.

On peut egalement agir par l'intermediaire des verins qui controlent We can also act through the jacks that control

2 5 l'horizontalite.2 5 horizontality.

En effet lorsque la benne est incline par rapport au faux chassis, l'huile provenant d'une chambre d'un verin peut venir alimenter un verin auxiliaire qui Indeed, when the bucket is tilted relative to the subframe, the oil coming from a chamber of a jack can come to feed an auxiliary jack which

provoque lors ['orientation des roues dans un sees. causes during the orientation of the wheels in a sees.

Differents montages peuvent etre envisages. Different arrangements can be considered.

Suivant une autre forme de realisation (figures 3 a 5) l'essieu est associe au chassis qui porte la charge par un axe dit de gravite 10 parallele a l'axe de According to another embodiment (Figures 3 to 5) the axle is associated with the chassis which carries the load by an axis called gravity 10 parallel to the axis of

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deplacement et cette axe de gravite est incline par rapport au plan d'appui des roues. En figure 4, on montre 1'orientation de cet axe de gravite lorsque la traction displacement and this axis of gravity is inclined relative to the bearing plane of the wheels. In Figure 4, we show the orientation of this axis of gravity when the traction

s'exerce sur la partie superieure de l'engin et dans le sens F de deplacement. is exerted on the upper part of the machine and in the direction F of displacement.

Comme on peut le voir, cet axe 10 relic le chassis 20 a un faux chassis 30 As we can see, this axis 10 connects the chassis 20 to a false chassis 30

portent les roues.carry the wheels.

Des verins 40 permettent d'incliner le chassis par rapport au faux chassis. Cylinders 40 allow the chassis to be tilted relative to the false chassis.

Le faux chassis porte des oreilles 50 sur lesquelles s'appuient les verins 40. The false chassis carries ears 50 on which the jacks 40 rest.

Les francs 51 de ce faux chassis 30 vent inclines. The francs 51 of this false chassis 30 wind inclined.

Ils convergent en s'eloignant du plan d'appui des roues. They converge away from the support plane of the wheels.

Lorsque l'engin est equipe de plusieurs essieux, chacun des essieux peut etre When the machine is fitted with several axles, each of the axles may be

orientable.adjustable.

On peut bien sur eventuellement commander ['orientation des roues meme si We can of course optionally control the orientation of the wheels even if

l'engin n'est pas en devers pour l'utiliser pour tasser le sol. the machine is not tilted to use it to compact the soil.

En figure 5, on a represente un montage qui permet d'orienter In Figure 5, we have a mounting that allows to orient

automatiquement les roues.wheels automatically.

A cet effet, sous l'axe de gravite, le chassis 20 presente un bras 60 qui relic, To this end, under the axis of gravity, the chassis 20 has an arm 60 which links,

par u ne biel le 6 l, le bras 62 de com ma nde de 1'orientation des roues. by a link on 6 l, the control arm 62 for steering the wheels.

Des barres 63 de parallelisme commandant la rotation simultanee des roues. Bars 63 of parallelism controlling the simultaneous rotation of the wheels.

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Claims

1. Agricultural or towed machine comprising at least one CHARACTERIZED axle in that it comprises a means (4) for orienting the wheels,

it is provided so as to compensate for the sliding of the machine linked to the slope.

2. Machine according to claim characterized in that it comprises an adjustable axle (2) mounted so as to be able to be oriented within a determined angular range, the orientation of this axle being produced by jacks (7) or by

tie rods or equivalent mechanical means.

3. Machine according to claim characterized in that at least some of the wheels of the wind machine mounted on pivots 200 of vertical axis and are, by a

transmission, steerable.

4. Machine according to any one of claim! 3 3 characterized in that it comprises means (8) for controlling the orientation of the wheels comprising means 3 for detecting the inclination of the machine relative to the plane P of support

the machine and that, in a plane perpendicular to the conventional axis of displacement.

5. Machine according to any one of claim a 3 characterized in that it comprises means (8) for controlling the orientation of the wheels comprising a

manual means of actuation.

6. Machine according to any one of claims 3 characterized in that

that it comprises a means 8 for controlling the orientation of the wheels orienting the wheels: on the one hand, in the direction of compensation for the slip linked to a slope and,

- on the other hand, when making a turn, in the direction of easy turning.

7. The machine as claimed in claim, characterized in that the machine comprises a chassis articulated on a false chassis by means of, on the one hand, a so-called gravity axis (10) parallel to the displacement axis and, on the other hand, cylinders orienting the chassis

compared to the false chassis.

8. Machine according to claim 7 characterized in that the axis (10) says of

gravity is inclined to a horizontal plane.

9. Machine according to claim 6 characterized in that the false francs

inclined wind chassis.

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10. Engine show the [evendicaBon 7 or 8 caFacrisA in that a Umonery or an circus hydrauNque has between the chassis and is red chassis of a paw measure mingle of the various and drives lrientabon automaDque of the moults in the seas of Inn