FR2877057A1 - Heat engine for motor vehicle, has electric machine provided inside engine, and having rotor and stator fixed respectively on web of crankshaft and in case of engine, where machine extends perpendicular to longitudinal axis of crankshaft - Google Patents
Heat engine for motor vehicle, has electric machine provided inside engine, and having rotor and stator fixed respectively on web of crankshaft and in case of engine, where machine extends perpendicular to longitudinal axis of crankshaft Download PDFInfo
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- FR2877057A1 FR2877057A1 FR0411278A FR0411278A FR2877057A1 FR 2877057 A1 FR2877057 A1 FR 2877057A1 FR 0411278 A FR0411278 A FR 0411278A FR 0411278 A FR0411278 A FR 0411278A FR 2877057 A1 FR2877057 A1 FR 2877057A1
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- crankshaft
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- heat engine
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
- H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
- H02K7/1815—Rotary generators structurally associated with reciprocating piston engines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/24—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/48—Parallel type
- B60K6/485—Motor-assist type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B63/00—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices
- F02B63/04—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices for electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B63/00—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices
- F02B63/04—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices for electric generators
- F02B63/042—Rotating electric generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/14—Structural association with mechanical loads, e.g. with hand-held machine tools or fans
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
L'invention concerne le domaine des véhicules, notamment véhiculesThe invention relates to the field of vehicles, especially vehicles
automobiles, et plus particulièrement celui des moteurs thermiques équipant ces véhicules. automobiles, and more particularly that of the combustion engines fitted to these vehicles.
Les constructeurs de véhicules automobiles sont soumis à des règles de plus en plus nombreuses en matière de dépollution et de sécurité et ils doivent également satisfaire les besoins croissants des conducteurs en termes de confort. Manufacturers of motor vehicles are subject to increasing rules in terms of pollution and safety and they must also meet the growing needs of drivers in terms of comfort.
Ceci se traduit par la nécessité d'implanter de nouveaux accessoires dans le véhicule et les contraintes d'implantation des groupes 10 motopropulseurs sont donc de plus en plus sévères. This results in the need to implement new accessories in the vehicle and the implementation constraints of the powertrain groups are therefore increasingly severe.
On peut par exemple citer le dispositif de climatisation, la direction assistée, les dispositifs de sécurité fonctionnant en cas de choc d'un piéton, ou encore les alterno-démarreurs assurant une fonction stop and start , les filtres à particules et les catalyseurs. For example, the air conditioning device, the power steering, safety devices operating in the event of a pedestrian impact, alternator-starters providing a stop and start function, particulate filters and catalysts.
Par ailleurs, le fonctionnement de nombreux dispositifs nécessite la présence d'une machine électrique. C'est bien sûr le cas du démarreur, de l'alternateur ou de l'alterno-démarreur. Moreover, the operation of many devices requires the presence of an electric machine. This is of course the case of the starter, the alternator or the alternator-starter.
Les véhicules hybrides sont d'autant plus soumis à ces contraintes d'implantation qu'ils nécessitent la présence d'une machine électrique devant permettre la propulsion du véhicule, au moins à de faibles vitesses. Hybrid vehicles are all the more subject to these implementation constraints they require the presence of an electric machine to allow the propulsion of the vehicle, at least at low speeds.
Ces contraintes d'implantation ont conduit les constructeurs à repenser complètement l'architecture du moteur thermique en modifiant la position des entraînements, les pignons, ou encore les accouplements axiaux. These implementation constraints have led manufacturers to completely rethink the architecture of the engine by modifying the position of drives, gears, or axial couplings.
Pour les véhicules hybrides, des solutions spécifiques ont été recherchées, pour optimiser la position de la machine électrique ou la conception de la boite de vitesses. For hybrid vehicles, specific solutions have been sought to optimize the position of the electric machine or the design of the gearbox.
Cependant, les solutions apportées à ce jour conduisent à des structures complexes, très spécifiques et donc peu adaptables, et dont le coût de mise en oeuvre est important. However, the solutions provided to date lead to complex structures, very specific and therefore not adaptable, and the cost of implementation is important.
L'invention a pour objet de pallier ces inconvénients en proposant une solution radicalement différente de celles apportées par l'état de la technique. The invention aims to overcome these disadvantages by proposing a solution radically different from those provided by the state of the art.
En effet, !Invention propose d'intégrer au moins une machine électrique directement dans le moteur thermique qui assure la propulsion du véhicule. Indeed, the invention proposes to integrate at least one electric machine directly into the engine that provides propulsion vehicle.
Ainsi, l'invention concerne un moteur thermique pour véhicule, notamment véhicule automobile, comportant un vilebrequin, avec des bras s'étendant sensiblement perpendiculairement à son axe longitudinal, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une machine électrique est prévue à l'intérieur du moteur, le rotor de la machine étant fixé sur un bras du vilebrequin et le stator de la machine étant fixé dans le carter du moteur, ladite machine électrique s'étendant sensiblement perpendiculairement à l'axe longitudinal du vilebrequin. Thus, the invention relates to a thermal engine for a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, comprising a crankshaft, with arms extending substantially perpendicular to its longitudinal axis, characterized in that at least one electric machine is provided inside the motor, the rotor of the machine being fixed on an arm of the crankshaft and the stator of the machine being fixed in the crankcase of the engine, said electric machine extending substantially perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the crankshaft.
Ainsi, la solution novatrice de l'invention ne consiste pas à utiliser de manière optimale l'espace laissé libre par le moteur thermique sous le capot du véhicule, mais à utiliser l'espace libre à l'intérieur même du moteur thermique. Thus, the innovative solution of the invention is not to optimally use the space left free by the engine under the hood of the vehicle, but to use the free space inside the engine itself.
La machine électrique n'occupe plus du tout de place à l'extérieur du moteur thermique et les espaces laissés ainsi libres sous le capot du véhicule sont donc disponibles pour d'autres accessoires, comme par exemple les absorbeurs de chocs prévus pour la sécurité des piétons, lors d'un accident avec un véhicule automobile. The electric machine no longer occupies any space outside the engine and the spaces left free under the hood of the vehicle are therefore available for other accessories, such as shock absorbers provided for the safety of vehicles. pedestrians, in an accident with a motor vehicle.
Dans un mode préféré de réalisation du moteur thermique selon l'invention, au moins une machine électrique est un démarreur ou un alternateur ou un alterno-démarreur. In a preferred embodiment of the heat engine according to the invention, at least one electric machine is a starter or an alternator or an alternator-starter.
L'entraînement du vilebrequin lors du démarrage du moteur s'effectue alors directement, sans qu'une liaison soit nécessaire entre le démarreur et le vilebrequin, le rotor de la machine électrique étant fixé sur le vilebrequin. The drive of the crankshaft when the engine is started is then carried out directly, without a connection being necessary between the starter and the crankshaft, the rotor of the electric machine being fixed on the crankshaft.
Dans ce cas, la solution selon l'invention permet non seulement de libérer l'espace habituellement occupé par le démarreur, mais également l'espace occupé par la transmission entre le démarreur et le moteur thermique. In this case, the solution according to the invention not only allows to free the space usually occupied by the starter, but also the space occupied by the transmission between the starter and the engine.
Par ailleurs, une machine spécifique peut être utilisée en tant que démarreur et une autre en tant qu'alternateur. In addition, a specific machine can be used as a starter and another as an alternator.
Cependant, la solution la plus économique est de prévoir une seule machine assurant les fonctions de démarreur et d'alternateur. However, the most economical solution is to provide a single machine performing the functions of starter and alternator.
Dans un autre mode préféré de réalisation du moteur selon l'invention, une des machines électriques sert à la propulsion du véhicule, qui est donc alors un véhicule à propulsion hybride. In another preferred embodiment of the engine according to the invention, one of the electric machines serves to propel the vehicle, which is then a hybrid propulsion vehicle.
Là encore, la solution apportée par l'invention permet de s'affranchir de toutes les difficultés liées à l'implantation d'une machine électrique de taille importante sous le capot du véhicule automobile. Again, the solution provided by the invention overcomes all the difficulties associated with the implementation of a large electrical machine under the hood of the motor vehicle.
Bien entendu, lorsque le moteur selon l'invention doit également assurer une propulsion électrique, le nombre et les caractéristiques des machines électriques implantées sur le vilebrequin doivent être adaptés. Of course, when the engine according to the invention must also provide electric propulsion, the number and characteristics of the electrical machines installed on the crankshaft must be adapted.
Par ailleurs, pour éviter toute perte d'énergie due à l'entraînement des pistons par le vilebrequin, lorsque la propulsion est uniquement électrique, des moyens sont prévus pour décomprimer le moteur, notamment en désactivant les cylindres. Moreover, to avoid any loss of energy due to the driving of the pistons by the crankshaft, when the propulsion is only electric, means are provided to decompress the engine, in particular by deactivating the cylinders.
Selon l'invention, au moins un bras du vilebrequin présente une forme de révolution complète. According to the invention, at least one arm of the crankshaft has a complete revolution form.
La forme d'un vilebrequin est adaptée au type de moteur et notamment, le nombre de bras dépend du nombre de pistons et de cylindres. The shape of a crankshaft is adapted to the type of engine and in particular, the number of arms depends on the number of pistons and cylinders.
Cependant, dans tous les cas, on constate la présence d'espaces libres autour de certains bras du vilebrequin, la position de ces bras, selon l'axe longitudinal du vilebrequin, pouvant varier en fonction de la forme du vilebrequin. However, in all cases, there is the presence of free spaces around some arms of the crankshaft, the position of these arms, along the longitudinal axis of the crankshaft, may vary depending on the shape of the crankshaft.
La forme du vilebrequin peut également être adaptée pour qu'au moins un de ses bras puisse facilement supporter le rotor d'une machine électrique. The shape of the crankshaft can also be adapted so that at least one of its arms can easily support the rotor of an electric machine.
C'est notamment le cas lorsque ce bras présente une forme de révolution complète. This is particularly the case when this arm has a complete revolution form.
Par ailleurs, le stator peut être de révolution complète, si l'espace laissé libre à l'intérieur du carter du moteur le permet. Moreover, the stator may be of complete revolution, if the space left free inside the motor housing allows it.
Dans le cas contraire, il peut être prévu de révolution partielle ou encore en plusieurs parties. In the opposite case, it can be provided partial revolution or in several parts.
Par ailleurs, l'électronique de puissance nécessaire au fonctionnement de la ou des machines électriques peut être fixée directement sur le moteur, dans le carter du moteur, ou à un endroit quelconque du compartiment moteur. Furthermore, the power electronics necessary for the operation of the electrical machine or machines can be fixed directly to the engine, in the engine housing, or anywhere in the engine compartment.
De façon préférée, le rotor d'au moins une machine électrique est muni de dents sur sa périphérie et conçu pour que la répartition des dents du rotor sur sa périphérie comporte une discontinuité. Preferably, the rotor of at least one electric machine is provided with teeth on its periphery and designed so that the distribution of the rotor teeth on its periphery comprises a discontinuity.
La présence de cette discontinuité permet, avec des moyens appropriés, de connaître la position et la vitesse du vilebrequin, cette information pouvant être utilisée pour différents types de réglage, notamment celui de l'ouverture des soupapes, de l'injection du carburant ou de l'allumage. The presence of this discontinuity allows, with appropriate means, to know the position and speed of the crankshaft, this information can be used for different types of adjustment, including that of the opening of the valves, the injection of fuel or ignition.
Ces moyens comprennent un capteur ou au moins une des bobines du stator, utilisée comme capteur. These means comprise a sensor or at least one of the stator coils used as a sensor.
Ce mode de réalisation permet de s'affranchir d'une roue dentée spécifique qui est classiquement prévue pour déterminer la position du vilebrequin de façon à assurer ces réglages. This embodiment makes it possible to dispense with a specific gear which is conventionally provided for determining the position of the crankshaft so as to ensure these adjustments.
Enfin, la machine électrique prévue dans le moteur thermique peut également être utilisée pour maîtriser les acyclismes du moteur, lors de la rotation du vilebrequin. Finally, the electric machine provided in the engine can also be used to control the acyclisms of the engine, during the rotation of the crankshaft.
Une commande adaptée de la machine électrique permet de limiter les oscillations de torsion du vilebrequin et donc de résoudre en partie les problèmes d'amortissement qui sont classiquement réglés en sortie du moteur par un volant d'inertie ou un double volant amortisseur (DVA), de façon à ne pas transmettre ces oscillations à la boite de vitesse. A suitable control of the electric machine makes it possible to limit the torsional oscillations of the crankshaft and thus to partially solve the damping problems which are conventionally set at the output of the engine by an flywheel or a double damping flywheel (DVA), so as not to transmit these oscillations to the gearbox.
Enfin, l'invention concerne bien sûr un véhicule équipé d'un moteur selon l'invention. Finally, the invention of course relates to a vehicle equipped with an engine according to the invention.
L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres buts, avantages et caractéristiques de celle-ci apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description qui suit et qui est faite au regard des deux figures annexées: - la figure 1 représente, de façon partielle, un exemple de réalisation d'un moteur thermique selon l'invention, vu selon l'axe longitudinal du vilebrequin de ce moteur et, - la figure 2 est une vue en coupe selon l'axe II-II de la figure 1. Les éléments communs aux deux figures seront désignés par les mêmes références. The invention will be better understood and other objects, advantages and characteristics thereof will appear more clearly on reading the description which follows and which is made with regard to the two appended figures: - Figure 1 represents, partially , an embodiment of a heat engine according to the invention, seen along the longitudinal axis of the crankshaft of this engine and - Figure 2 is a sectional view along the line II-II of Figure 1. The elements common to both figures will be designated by the same references.
La référence 1 désigne le vilebrequin d'un moteur thermique qui est partiellement représenté sur les figures. The reference 1 designates the crankshaft of a heat engine which is partially shown in the figures.
Ce vilebrequin comporte un axe longitudinal (XX'), autour duquel s'organisent de façon classique, des portions centrales 2 ou tourillons, maintenues par des paliers 3 supportant le vilebrequin et des manetons 4, sur chacun desquels est articulée une bielle 5. This crankshaft comprises a longitudinal axis (XX ') around which are organized in a conventional manner, central portions 2 or pins, held by bearings 3 supporting the crankshaft and crank pins 4, on each of which is articulated a connecting rod 5.
De façon connue, chaque bielle 5 est entraînée par un piston 6 qui se déplace dans une chemise 7. Pour des raisons de clarté, la chemise 7 n'est pas illustrée sur la figure 2. In known manner, each link 5 is driven by a piston 6 which moves in a sleeve 7. For the sake of clarity, the sleeve 7 is not illustrated in FIG.
Pour des raisons de clarté, seule une bielle et un piston sont représentés à la figure 1. Bien sûr, le nombre de bielles et de pistons dépend du type de moteur considéré, comme d'ailleurs la forme du vilebrequin lui-même. For the sake of clarity, only a connecting rod and a piston are shown in Figure 1. Of course, the number of connecting rods and pistons depends on the type of engine considered, as also the shape of the crankshaft itself.
Entre les portions centrales 2 et les manetons 4, le vilebrequin comporte une série de bras 8, 80 à 85. Between the central portions 2 and the crank pins 4, the crankshaft comprises a series of arms 8, 80 to 85.
Comme l'illustre la figure 1, le vilebrequin présente au moins un bras, par exemple le bras 84 autour duquel un espace libre existe. As illustrated in Figure 1, the crankshaft has at least one arm, for example the arm 84 around which a free space exists.
L'espace libre autour du bras 84 est ici désigné par la référence 9. The free space around the arm 84 is here designated by the reference 9.
Il en est de même pour le bras 8, qui a été utilisé pour le montage d'une machine électrique 10. It is the same for the arm 8, which was used for mounting an electric machine 10.
Cette machine 10 comporte un rotor 11 qui est directement monté sur le bras 8 du vilebrequin. This machine 10 comprises a rotor 11 which is directly mounted on the arm 8 of the crankshaft.
La fixation du rotor peut être réalisée par tout moyen approprié, notamment par collage, frettage ou assemblage mécanique. Fixing the rotor can be carried out by any appropriate means, especially by gluing, hooping or mechanical assembly.
Ce rotor pourra être constitué soit d'aimants permanents, soit d'électroaimants qui seront alimentés par des pistes fixées dans le carter du moteur, soit encore en un acier ferro-magnétique passif. This rotor may consist of either permanent magnets or electromagnets which will be powered by tracks fixed in the motor housing, or still in a passive ferro-magnetic steel.
La dimension du rotor est bien entendu choisie pour s'adapter dans l'espace laissé libre autour du bras 8, en tenant compte de l'encombrement des autres pièces et notamment du piston 6. The size of the rotor is of course chosen to fit in the space left free around the arm 8, taking into account the bulk of the other parts and in particular the piston 6.
A cet égard, on peut noter que le vilebrequin 1 peut également être conçu dès l'origine pour rendre plus aisé le montage d'un rotor sur le bras 8, par exemple en donnant au bras une forme de révolution complète et/ou en l'évidant partiellement, dans les limites des contraintes de résistance imposées au vilebrequin lui-même. In this regard, it may be noted that the crankshaft 1 can also be designed from the outset to make it easier to mount a rotor on the arm 8, for example by giving the arm a complete revolution shape and / or by partially receding, within the constraints of resistance imposed on the crankshaft itself.
Cette machine 10 comporte également un stator 12 avec des bobines 120, ce stator étant fixé dans le carter 13 du moteur. This machine 10 also comprises a stator 12 with coils 120, this stator being fixed in the casing 13 of the motor.
La forme du stator sera bien entendu déterminée en fonction de la place disponible. The shape of the stator will of course be determined according to the available space.
Il pourra ainsi être de révolution complète. Dans l'exemple illustré à la figure 2, le stator est de révolution partielle, de façon à adapter la machine électrique à l'espace occupé par le piston 6, quand celui-ci est dans son point mort bas. It can thus be of complete revolution. In the example illustrated in Figure 2, the stator is of partial revolution, so as to adapt the electric machine to the space occupied by the piston 6, when the latter is in its bottom dead center.
Le stator pourrait également être réalisé en plusieurs parties. The stator could also be made in several parts.
Comme illustré par les figures, la machine électrique 10 s'étend donc selon un plan sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal (XX') du vilebrequin. As illustrated by the figures, the electric machine 10 therefore extends in a plane substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (XX ') of the crankshaft.
Une seule machine électrique est illustrée aux figures 1 et 2. Le nombre de machines électriques montées sur le vilebrequin peut bien sûr être adapté à la puissance requise pour le fonctionnement du véhicule. Ainsi, plusieurs machines électriques pourront être prévues pour un véhicule à propulsion hybride. A single electric machine is illustrated in Figures 1 and 2. The number of electrical machines mounted on the crankshaft can of course be adapted to the power required for the operation of the vehicle. Thus, several electric machines may be provided for a hybrid drive vehicle.
Lorsque le véhicule est à propulsion hybride, une commande particulière doit être prévue, pour éviter toute consommation inutile d'énergie pour un fonctionnement en électrique pur . When the vehicle is hybrid-propelled, a special order must be provided to avoid unnecessary energy consumption for pure electric operation.
Ainsi, dans la situation où la ou les machine(s) électrique(s) assure(nt) seule(s) la propulsion du véhicule, le moteur thermique doit être décomprimé , par exemple en désactivant les cylindres en ouvrant les soupapes. Thus, in the situation where the machine (s) electric (s) ensure (s) only (s) the propulsion of the vehicle, the engine must be decompressed, for example by deactivating the cylinder by opening the valves.
L'électronique de puissance nécessaire au fonctionnement de la machine électrique n'est pas illustrée sur les figures. Elle pourra être fixée directement sur le moteur, dans le carter du moteur ou à un endroit quelconque du compartiment moteur. The power electronics necessary for the operation of the electric machine is not illustrated in the figures. It may be attached directly to the engine, the engine crankcase or anywhere in the engine compartment.
Les caractéristiques des machines électriques peuvent également être adaptées à la puissance requise par le véhicule. The characteristics of the electric machines can also be adapted to the power required by the vehicle.
A titre d'illustration, la puissance électrique du démarreur ou de l'alterno-démarreur est de l'ordre de 1,5 KW, alors que la puissance nécessaire à la propulsion du véhicule est comprise entre 8 et 16 KW. By way of illustration, the electrical power of the starter or the alternator / starter is of the order of 1.5 KW, while the power required for the propulsion of the vehicle is between 8 and 16 KW.
Le rotor de la machine électrique étant lié en rotation avec le vilebrequin, elle peut assurer la recharge de la batterie à laquelle elle est associée, lorsque le moteur thermique tourne et qu'elle n'est pas utilisée pour générer du courant. La machine électrique peut également être utilisée pour récupérer de l'énergie pendant les phases de freinage du véhicule. The rotor of the electric machine being rotatably connected to the crankshaft, it can recharge the battery to which it is associated, when the engine is running and it is not used to generate power. The electric machine can also be used to recover energy during the braking phases of the vehicle.
De façon connue, un moteur à combustion interne produit, en fonctionnement, d'importantes vibrations. Celles-ci sont dues au processus de combustion lui-même, et également au fonctionnement d'un moteur à pistons à mouvement alternatif. In known manner, an internal combustion engine produces, in operation, significant vibrations. These are due to the combustion process itself, and also to the operation of a reciprocating piston engine.
Les moteurs à combustion interne les plus utilisés aujourd'hui sont des moteurs dits à quatre temps dans lesquels se produisent dans les différents cylindres des combustions du type explosion. The most commonly used internal combustion engines today are so-called four-stroke engines in which explosion-type combustions occur in the various cylinders.
Celles-ci produisent des chocs importants sur les pistons et ces chocs sont transmis par l'intermédiaire des bielles et du vilebrequin, à l'ensemble de la ligne de transmission du véhicule. These produce significant shocks to the pistons and these shocks are transmitted through the connecting rods and the crankshaft, to the entire transmission line of the vehicle.
Ces combustions du type explosion provoquent, en outre, d'importantes variations périodiques du couple moteur réel. These combustion type explosions also cause large periodic variations in the actual engine torque.
De plus, le changement de direction des pistons, aux points morts haut et bas, provoque des excitations à vibrations cinématiques, avec des 5 fréquences fortement changeantes. In addition, the change of direction of the pistons, at the top and bottom dead spots, causes excitations with kinematic vibrations, with strongly changing frequencies.
C'est pourquoi il est prévu en sortie du moteur, un volant d'inertie, voire un double volant amortisseur, de façon à amortir les oscillations de torsion du vilebrequin et à ne les transmettre que de façon très atténuée à la boite de vitesses. That is why it is expected at the output of the engine, a flywheel or a double damping flywheel, so as to dampen the torsional oscillations of the crankshaft and to transmit them only very attenuated to the gearbox.
Ces volants amortisseurs sont d'un poids, d'un coût et d'un encombrement importants. These damping flywheels are of considerable weight, cost and size.
Dans une application avantageuse, la ou les machines électriques prévue(s) dans le moteur thermique peu(ven)t être commandée(s) pour maîtriser les acyclismes du moteur, notamment en réglant de façon appropriée le couple transmis par la machine au vilebrequin, pendant sa rotation. In an advantageous application, the electrical machine (s) provided in the heat engine can be controlled to control the motor acyclisms, in particular by appropriately adjusting the torque transmitted by the machine to the crankshaft, during his rotation.
Ce réglage peut conduire à faire tourner plus vite ou au contraire à ralentir le vilebrequin. This setting can lead to turn faster or on the contrary to slow down the crankshaft.
Ceci présente l'avantage de pouvoir réduire la taille ou simplifier la conception des volants amortisseurs placés en sortie du moteur thermique. This has the advantage of being able to reduce the size or simplify the design of damping flywheels placed at the output of the engine.
Enfin, au moins une machine électrique prévue sur le vilebrequin peut être utilisée pour connaître, à tout instant et de façon précise, la position et la vitesse du vilebrequin. Finally, at least one electric machine provided on the crankshaft can be used to know, at any time and accurately, the position and speed of the crankshaft.
Ceci peut être obtenu simplement en munissant le rotor de dents sur sa 25 périphérie et en prévoyant une discontinuité dans la répartition des dents du rotor sur sa périphérie. This can be achieved simply by providing the rotor with teeth on its periphery and providing for a discontinuity in the distribution of the rotor teeth on its periphery.
On peut ainsi prévoir de supprimer une dent ou encore de remplacer une dent par deux dents de taille plus petite ou espacées l'une de l'autre. It is thus possible to eliminate a tooth or to replace a tooth by two smaller sized teeth or spaced from one another.
A l'aide de capteurs, qui détectent cette discontinuité, la position du 30 vilebrequin peut être connue de façon précise. By means of sensors, which detect this discontinuity, the position of the crankshaft can be accurately known.
Au moins une des bobines du stator de la machine électrique peut être utilisée comme capteur pour suivre cette discontinuité. On rappelle que la connaissance de la position et de la vitesse du vilebrequin peut notamment être utile pour régler de façon appropriée l'ouverture des soupapes, l'injection du carburant ou l'allumage. At least one of the stator coils of the electrical machine can be used as a sensor to follow this discontinuity. It is recalled that the knowledge of the position and the speed of the crankshaft may in particular be useful for appropriately adjusting the opening of the valves, fuel injection or ignition.
Ce mode de réalisation particulier permet d'éviter l'utilisation d'une roue dentée spécifique qui est habituellement prévue et d'un capteur spécifique. This particular embodiment avoids the use of a specific gear wheel that is usually provided and a specific sensor.
Ceci permet également de libérer de l'espace à l'intérieur du carter du moteur et de réduire les coûts de fabrication. This also frees space inside the motor housing and reduces manufacturing costs.
Il convient de souligner que l'invention a été décrite en référence à un exemple de vilebrequin. Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée à ce mode de réalisation et peut être mise en oeuvre avec tout type de vilebrequin conçu pour un moteur thermique donné. It should be emphasized that the invention has been described with reference to an example of a crankshaft. Of course, the invention is not limited to this embodiment and can be implemented with any type of crankshaft designed for a given engine.
Les signes de référence insérés après les caractéristiques techniques figurant dans les revendications sont uniquement destinés à en faciliter la lecture et ne sauraient en limiter la portée. The reference signs inserted after the technical characteristics appearing in the claims are only intended to facilitate their reading and can not limit their scope.
Claims (13)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR0411278A FR2877057A1 (en) | 2004-10-22 | 2004-10-22 | Heat engine for motor vehicle, has electric machine provided inside engine, and having rotor and stator fixed respectively on web of crankshaft and in case of engine, where machine extends perpendicular to longitudinal axis of crankshaft |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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FR0411278A FR2877057A1 (en) | 2004-10-22 | 2004-10-22 | Heat engine for motor vehicle, has electric machine provided inside engine, and having rotor and stator fixed respectively on web of crankshaft and in case of engine, where machine extends perpendicular to longitudinal axis of crankshaft |
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FR2877057A1 true FR2877057A1 (en) | 2006-04-28 |
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FR0411278A Pending FR2877057A1 (en) | 2004-10-22 | 2004-10-22 | Heat engine for motor vehicle, has electric machine provided inside engine, and having rotor and stator fixed respectively on web of crankshaft and in case of engine, where machine extends perpendicular to longitudinal axis of crankshaft |
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