FR2865354A1 - Food supplement for preventing osteoporosis contains Vitamin D, lacto serum proteins, nacre, manganese and other Vitamins and minerals - Google Patents

Abstract

The food supplement has a typical composition of 800 mg of calcium, 10 mcg or 400 IU of Vitamin D, 200 mg of lactoserum proteins, 50 mg of nacre, 1.25 mg of manganese, 35 mg of silicium in the form of 50 mg of bamboo extract, 7.5 mg of zinc, 5 mg of Vitamin E, and 1 mg of Vitamin B6. It can also contain other ingredients selected from Vitamin C, soya proteins, organic potassium salt, copper and phytooestrogens, preferably isoflavones of soya.

Description

Substitute food composition and use

  The present invention relates to the field of food. It particularly relates to a composition useful as a dietary supplement and in dietary applications for maintaining bone mass, maintaining the cycle of bone turnover and preventing osteoporosis.

  The skeleton consists of long bones (humerus, femurs), short bones (wrist, ankle), flat bones (sternum, scapula) and irregular bones (vertebrae, iliac bones).

  A bone consists of two major types of tissue: trabecular bone (15 to 20% of the total bone mass) and cortical bone (80 to 85% of the total bone mass). The tissue of the cortical bone is a very compact tissue whereas that of the trabecular bone is a spongy tissue composed of bone cavities.

  These two types of tissue have a common structural model, the bone matrix. The bone matrix is a complex structure composed of three interlocking materials: bone cells (osteoblasts and osteoclasts), an organic matrix or matrix and a mineral fraction.

  The organic matrix consists mainly of collagen, but also non-collagenic proteins (PNCs) and circulating molecules having properties regulating bone activity.

  Collagen, the synthesis of which is under the control of cytokines and growth factors, constitutes 90% of the organic fraction of the bone and assures the strength and elasticity of the bones thanks to its particular conformation.

  Most non-collagenic, non-bone specific proteins can be synthesized by osteoblasts. They are integrated into the organic matrix and are involved in most mechanisms affecting bone formation or resorption: support for mineralization and binding to hydroxyapatite crystals, fixation of osteoclasts on resorption zones, regulation of recruitment and growth bone cells (osteoblasts and osteoclasts) etc. The mineral fraction represents between 70 and 90% of the bone tissue, which gives this tissue an originality compared to all the other constituent tissues of the body. The mineral fraction consists of calcium hydroxyapatite crystals of formula Ca1o (PO4) 6 (OH) 2. Calcium is the most abundant element of this mineral fraction, but there are also other elements such as phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, sodium, bicarbonates, citrates, etc ...

  The mineralization represents the deposition of calcium salt (calcium phosphate) within the organic matrix.

  The mechanisms are complex and under the control of many factors such as hormones (growth hormone: GH, Growth Hormone), parathyroid hormone (PTH), growth factors, enzymes (bone alkaline phosphatase), vitamins (D in particular), minerals and fatty acids.

  The bone is a living tissue in constant reshaping. The bone capital is acquired during childhood and adolescence and stabilizes until the age of 35-40, to decrease during aging. Bone turnover is permanent. It is estimated that 6-7% of the bone stock is renewed every year.

  Formation and resorption (or loss) of bone mass occur continuously, non-synchronously. The acquisition of bone mass is controlled by several endogenous and exogenous factors: genetic, hormonal, environmental, food (including calcium and vitamin D intake) and exercise.

  The loss of bone mass begins around the age of 40 and can result in a decrease of 45 to 50% of the bone capital in women and about 15 to 20% of bone capital in men.

  The constant renewal of the bone allows it to perform efficiently its mechanical and protective functions by regularly renewing the elements that form it.

  The bone resorption (or bone degradation) lasts a few weeks and begins with the arrival of pre-osteoclasts fusing to give osteoclasts. These bind to the bone matrix and secrete enzymes and protons to degrade the bone matrix. A tissue gap is formed and the degradation residues of the bone matrix such as calcium, phosphorus, potassium or residues of protein catabolism are released.

  The bone reformation lasts several months and begins with the arrival of preosteoblasts, then their maturation into functional osteoblasts. There is a significant protein synthesis: collagens and other proteins that allow the constitution of an organic framework, which gradually mineralizes, filling the gap.

  The regulation of bone turnover is very complex and involves a large number of different factors. Feedbacks are performed between the different systems to achieve optimal balance and overall operation. When one of these systems is deregulated, it disrupts the others, increasing bone resorption.

  - PTH, depending on the conditions, stimulates remodeling or resorption to palliate hypocalcemia.

  - Insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1) insulin growth factor stimulates bone protein synthesis.

  - Alkaline bone phosphatase promotes bone formation and mineralization.

  Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) accelerate bone resorption.

  It therefore seems essential to maintain a balance between these cycles (formation / resorption) to allow optimal bone mass acquisition and harmonious bone turnover. This is one of the aims of the present invention.

  Bone also has a primary role in the storage and release of minerals. Indeed, as a reserve of many elements, it is asked to participate in the homeostasis of certain minerals, the maintenance of pH and acid-base balance.

  For example, serum calcium is kept constant at 105 mg / l (maximum variations of 3%). Since intakes and excretions are not continuous, the bone is the only place where it is possible to store or release calcium continuously without causing serious disturbances to the body in the short term.

  Three hormones are mainly involved in regulating this system: PTH, vitamin D and calcitonin. The first two are hypercalcémiant and the last hypocalcémiante.

  The acid-base balance of extracellular fluids is closely related to different metabolisms for the generation and elimination of protons. He is also very involved in the general orientation of most chemical reactions. There are systems regulating proton concentrations and maintaining them at their physiological level.

  Each day, new protons are provided by the diet, from non-volatile sulfuric acid derived from catabolism of sulfur proteins, non-metabolized organic acids (citrate, malate, oxalate ...), phosphoric acid or other acids.

  Restoring the acid-base balance following an acidic diet requires the intervention of several specific mechanisms including ventilatory elimination of CO2, renal elimination and buffer systems. Mineral bone and skeletal muscle buffer systems provide short-term (60-minute) control of 60% of the acid load.

  The participation of bones in the neutralization of acidity involves two mechanisms that modify the composition of the mineral: - the release of bicarbonate ions in extracellular liquids; - the trapping of protons in the mineral instead of K + and Na 'ions which are released in the fluids (K + is more easily exchanged than Na +).

  The release of bicarbonate ions makes it possible to neutralize a portion of the protons according to the reaction: H + + HCO3 -> H2CO3 - CO2 + H2O.

  Part of the CO2 is removed by the lungs. This excretion takes a few minutes.

  At the renal level, an inverse reaction ensures the regeneration of the bicarbonates and the urinary excretion of the acid forms (weak acids, ammonium ions and protons). In the absence of pathology, there are no bicarbonates in the urine, they are all reabsorbed.

  These mechanisms explain why acidosis can participate in the physiological phenomena related to osteoporosis.

  Most of these phenomena occur in a particular area of the bone called shell hydration. It would serve as easily mobilizable reservoir, to maintain the differences in ionic concentrations between the extracellular liquids and the highly mineralized part of the bone, the Na +, K + / Ca + ratio being more important than in the internal bone part. This zone also contains 1/3 of the bicarbonate ions of the bone tissue.

  It is again extremely important to maintain the acid-base balance of extracellular fluids in order to maintain bone mass constant. This is also one of the aims of the present invention.

  The reading of the foregoing shows the importance of bone tissue and the maintenance of its composition and performance.

  It is in this area that the present invention is placed.

  Osteoporosis is recognized as a major public health problem in all developed countries. The diagnosis is late, often made during a fracture.

  Osteoporosis is defined as a diffuse disease of the skeleton characterized by a decrease in bone mass and by architectural alterations of the bone tissue, resulting in an increase in bone fragility and the risk of fracture. Specialists define osteoporosis as a pediatric disease that starts from menopause in women and even later in men.

  2 million people suffer from osteoporosis. Every year 50,000 to 150,000 new cases of vertebral fractures and 50,000 fractures of the upper end of the femur are due to osteoporosis. In 2002, 10,000 people died as a result of a fractured femoral neck.

  Two major events are highlighted in the occurrence of osteoporosis: the peak bone mass that determines the bone capital and bone loss occurring during aging.

  A 10% increase in peak bone mass reduces the risk of fractures by 50%. Dietary intakes should cover the needs of minerals (calcium but also phosphorus and magnesium), vitamin D and amino acids needed for osteoformation.

  There are two types of bone loss: losses related to estrogen deficiency (osteoporosis type 1 or postmenopausal, 2% decrease in bone mass per year over a period of 5 to 10 years) and losses related to age (senile osteoporosis, loss of 0.5% per year).

  At menopause, 10% of women are osteoporotic. Localized bone loss in trabecular bone trabeculae following estrogen deficiency results in vertebral compression and fractures of the forearm. The protective effect of estrogens is thought to be partly related to the inhibition of the production of certain cytokines (interleukin-1 (IL1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a)) and increasing the production of transforming growth factor -13 (TGF-f3) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) by osteoblasts, stimulating osteoblasts and maintaining a high rate of osteoclast apoptosis. During menopause, osteoclastic activity intensifies, stimulated by increased levels of IL-1, IL-6, TNFa and prostaglandin (PGE2). Estrogen deficiency also has a double effect on calcium: increased calcium release and decreased intestinal absorption and renal calcium reabsorption.

  Senile osteoporosis affects both sexes after 70 years. Bone loss occurs in both the trabecular bone and the cortical bone. The most serious fractures are those affecting the neck of the femur. Bone formation is deficient and resorption remains high. Secondary hyperparathyroidism and hypercalciuria are noted.

  The major causes are the natural effects of aging on different organs and their functioning, as well as the problems related to food: deficiency of vitamins, minerals, proteins and acid load of the diet. Sarcopenia, a factor of loss of lean mass, no longer makes it possible to exert the pressure usually exerted on the bones (factor of stimulation of the bone formation) and increases the risk of falling (and thus of fractures).

  It is therefore important to find ways to overcome the bone mass deficit caused by these phenomena. This is one of the objectives of the present invention.

  Moreover, the diet of Western populations, rich in animal proteins and cereals, is vector of a strong acid potential and the deficit of buffers causes a disturbance of the acidobasic equilibrium resulting in a slight acidosis.

  This disruption of the acid-base balance has important consequences, especially on bone metabolism. Indeed, the bone is solicited to neutralize the acidity by involving several mechanisms (trapping protons in the crystals in place of K and Na, release of bicarbonates to buffer the acidity), resulting in losses. of bone contents that weaken the structure of the bone. On the other hand, acidity at the bone level stimulates bone resorption, which aggravates bone loss.

  Thus, any disruption of the acid-base balance (related to diet, age) strongly mobilizes the bone by significantly affecting both its mineral content and cell activity and its architecture and represents in postmenopausal women and the elderly a major risk factor for osteoporosis and fractures.

  The potential link between sodium intake and the prevalence of osteoporosis is of concern. Two-year observational studies of several hundred postmenopausal women show that excessive sodium intake is associated with chronic calcium (Ca) loss in the urine.

  Excess sodium chloride in the diet would cause urinary loss of calcium because tubular sodium and calcium reabsorption is tightly coupled in several segments of the nephron. This effect is all the more marked as calcium intake is generally low in industrialized countries and does not compensate for the urinary loss of calcium.

  Increasing the dietary potassium intake decreases urinary calcium excretion after just a few days of dieting.

  It is important to note that organic potassium salts have a significantly higher hypocalciuric effect than potassium chloride, which can be explained by the effects of acidobasic balance on bone resorption and renal tubular calcium reabsorption. which add up to those of potassium.

  A protective effect vis-à-vis bone demineralization is also possible through the calcium retention induced in the body. A cross-sectional study of 1000 premenopausal women shows that the bone density of the dorsal spines and femoral neck increases gradually with potassium intake. Another study in 62 women shows that a high-potassium diet based on fruits and vegetables increases the bone density of the dorsal spines and femoral neck by inhibiting bone resorption.

  Thus the need for a regular intake of calcium and potassium for the maintenance of bone mass is understood. This is also one of the objectives of the present invention.

  Free radicals are also involved in the pathophysiology of osteoporosis. One study showed an association between oxidative stress and low bone density. In addition, the production of free radicals increases with age.

  In vitro and in vivo studies in animals show that the excess of free radicals is capable of inducing the differentiation of osteoclasts and stimulating their activity, which has the effect of increasing bone resorption. The production of free radicals at the bone resorption zones is essentially carried out by the osteoclasts themselves.

  As for osteoblasts, their high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids makes them very sensitive to oxidative stress, which is a factor inducing a decrease in their cellular activity.

  It is therefore necessary to have a regular intake of free antiradical compounds to maintain functional osteoblasts and not induce excessive activation of osteoclasts. It is also an objective of the invention.

  The micronutritional management of bone capital is therefore essential for the maintenance of good health of the body.

  It is possible to act simultaneously on: - Bone formation by providing: the substrates necessary for bone construction; growth factors stimulating training; enzymatic co-factors necessary for bone formation.

  - bone loss: limiting the estrogenic deficiency of menopause; avoiding the deficiencies and nutritional errors that lead to excess acidity and hypocalcemia; by reducing oxidative stress.

  Similarly, prevention is to be carried out during several critical periods: - in children and adolescents: stimulate the acquisition of bone capital to obtain a peak bone mass important; in menopausal women: reduce bone loss associated with menopause (estrogen deficiency), acidity, oxidative stress and promote osteoformation; in the elderly: reduce losses related to nutritional deficits, acidity, oxidative stress and promote osteoformation; and breastfeeding women: provide calcium and zinc and other compounds to meet needs and avoid breastfeeding deficits.

  Calcium is essential in bone building. It is incorporated in the mineral fraction of the bone. However, in humans, calcium intake is insufficient: The SUVIMAX study showed that 45% of men and 62% of women have calcium intakes of less than 1200 mg / day; the CREDOC survey showed that 25% of teenagers have calcium intakes less than 2/3 of the recommended dietary intakes (ANC) and 25 to 50% of teenage girls.

  Vitamin D promotes intestinal absorption and transport of minerals (especially calcium) as well as renal reabsorption of minerals. It decreases the circulating PTH. Vitamin D has two origins: a cutaneous synthesis under the action of the UVB rays and the food contributions.

  However, in France, 35 to 40% of the population is deficient in vitamin D. A profound deficiency in vitamin D results in rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults.

  The main consequence of vitamin D deficiency, especially in elderly patients, is secondary hyperparathyroidism with hypomineralization. Several studies have shown that there is a relationship between femoral bone density, vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism, not only in the elderly, but also in women between 45 and 65 years. Finally, recent studies have shown that daily supplementation with low doses of vitamin D2 or D3 (from 10 to 20 dag / 24 hours) reduces the hyperparathyroidism secondary to vitamin D deficiency in the elderly and in the elderly. postmenopausal women in good health. Adults, according to this study, should keep 25 (OH) 2D concentrations> 29.5 ng / ml to maintain optimal PTH concentration.

  The proteins of the basic fraction of whey play an essential role in the formation of bone mass.

  The basic fraction of whey increases protein synthesis and hydroxyproline content of osteoblasts. The molecules of the basic whey fraction promote osteoblastic activity and differentiation.

  Proteins in the basic fraction of whey also play a vital role in the resorption of bone mass. For example, cystatin C, a protein present in the basic whey fraction, inhibits resorption.

  Mother-of-pearl, located in the inner part of the shells of certain marine molluscs, has a structure very similar to that of the human bone.

  It is a contribution of growth factors stimulating bone formation and has an effect on the induction of osteogenesis.

  Manganese plays a role in the formation of bone mass. Manganese is a cofactor of a glycosyl transferase involved in the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, essential in the formation of the organic bone and cartilage matrix. It also plays an important role in the resorption of bone mass by protecting the body against free radicals produced by osteoclasts during bone resorption by its own antioxidant power and as a cofactor of Superoxide Manganese (Mn + SOD).

  Silicon stimulates collagen type 1 synthesis and promotes osteoblastic differentiation. Silicon is an enzymatic co-factor of the prolyl hydroxylase which hydrolyzes the proline residues, an essential reaction for the extracellular secretion of collagen.

  Zinc is important in the formation of bone mass. Zinc is an enzymatic co-factor of several enzymes: bone alkaline phosphatase (mineralization), collagenase (incorporation of collagen into the bone matrix), carbonic anhydrase (production of bicarbonates). Zinc increases the production of IGF-1. Zinc enhances the effect of isoflavones on bone alkaline phosphatase. Zinc is also important in the resorption of bone mass because it has an antioxidant role as co-factor of SOD copper-zinc.

  However, zinc intake in the population is insufficient: 18 to 25% of adolescents and adult men and 57 to 79% of adolescent girls and adult women have zinc intakes below the thresholds of 2/3 of NCAs.

  Vitamin E slows bone resorption by inhibiting the synthesis of certain interleukins (IL-1 and IL-6) that promote osteoclast activity. In addition, it limits lipid peroxidation.

  Daily intake of vitamin E in the population is insufficient. The results of studies show that 40 to 90% of the people have contributions inferior to 2/3 of the ANC, of which 2 to 17% inferior to 1/3 of the ANC. The percentages of risk of vitamin E deficiency for the entire population were estimated at 43.4% and 59.7% respectively for men and women.

  Vitamin B6 functions as a co-factor in the formation of cross-links that stabilize collagen and improve its resistance.

  More than half of the adult population has lower intakes than ANC and 30% of women consume less than 2/3 of ANC.

  Thus, the invention aims to provide a dietary supplement allowing both a micronutritional management of bone capital and the prevention of the loss of said bone capital.

  Thus, the presently first object is a supplemental food composition comprising at least calcium, vitamin D, whey proteins, mother-of-pearl, manganese, silicon, zinc, vitamin E and vitamin B6. .

  Surprisingly, the inventors have found that the compounds used in the composition according to the invention have complementary modes of action thus offering a synergy for a more effective action.

  According to the invention, the calcium may be present in the composition in a highly bioavailable form such as, for example, in the form of calcium salts which may be of marine or dairy origin. By way of example, mention may be made of calcium carbonate, calcium chloride, calcium citrate, calcium malate or calcium phosphate. Preferably the calcium is in the form of calcium carbonate.

  According to the invention, the calcium may be present in the composition in an amount ranging from 500 mg to 1500 mg, preferably from 700 mg to 1000 mg.

  According to the invention, vitamin D can be present in the composition in a highly bioavailable form of cholecalciferol (D3) or ergocalciferol (D2), preferably cholecalciferol.

  According to the invention, the vitamin D may be present in the composition in an amount ranging from 1 g to 20 g, preferably from 5 g to 20 g.

  According to the invention, the whey proteins may be in the form of total whey or whey protein. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the whey proteins may be in the form of the basic whey fraction. By basic fraction of whey is meant the basic protein fraction of whey obtained by ion-exchange column separation or electrodialysis of acidic and basic fractions of whey proteins. Preferably, according to the invention, the whey proteins are used.

  According to the invention, the whey proteins may be present in the composition in an amount ranging from 50 mg to 1000 mg, preferably from 150 mg to 800 mg.

  According to the invention, the mother-of-pearl may be present in the composition in the form of shell powder of marine molluscs (oysters, mussels, etc.) or else pearls powder. Preferably, pearl powder is used.

  According to the invention, the nacre may be present in the composition in an amount ranging from 25 mg to 75 mg, preferably from 40 mg to 60 mg.

  According to the invention, the manganese may be present in the composition in the form of bioavailable manganese salts (carbonate, chloride, citrate, gluconate, glycerophosphate, sulfate, etc.). Preferentially, manganese sulphate is used.

  According to the invention, the manganese may be present in the composition in an amount ranging from 0.5 mg to 2.5 mg, preferably from 1 mg to 2 mg.

  According to the invention, the silicon may be present in the composition in the form of organic silicon (exudate of bamboo, field horsetail ...) or inorganic (orthosilicic acid, silicon oxide). Preferably, a dry extract of bamboo exudate is used.

  According to the invention, the silicon may be present in the composition in an amount ranging from 20 mg to 100 mg, preferably from 30 mg to 45 mg.

  According to the invention, the zinc may be present in the composition in the form of bioavailable zinc salts (acetate, chloride, citrate, gluconate, lactate, oxide, carbonate, sulfate, etc.). Preferably, zinc sulphate is used.

  According to the invention, the zinc may be present in the composition in an amount ranging from 6 mg to 10 mg, preferably from 7 mg to 9 mg.

  According to the invention, vitamin E can be present in the composition in the form of D-α-tocopherol, DL-α-tocopherol, D-atocopherol acetate, DL-α-tocopherol acetate or D-α-tocopherol succinate. Preferentially, DL-α-tocopherol is used.

  According to the invention, vitamin E may be present in the composition in an amount ranging from 1 mg to 20 mg, preferably from 5 mg to 12 mg.

  According to the invention, vitamin B6 may be present in the composition in the form of pyridoxine hydrochloride, pyridoxine-5'-phosphate or pyridoxine dipalmitate. Preferably, pyridoxine is used.

  According to the invention, vitamin B6 may be present in the composition in an amount ranging from 0.5 mg to 5 mg, preferably from 1 mg to 3 mg. A preferred composition of the invention comprises: 800 mg of calcium, 10 g of vitamin D is 400 IU, 200 mg of whey protein, mg of mother-of-pearl, 1.25 mg of manganese, mg of silicon in the form of 50 mg of bamboo exudate, 7.5 mg of zinc, - 5 mg of vitamin E, and 1 mg of vitamin B6.

  These amounts correspond to taking in one dose the amount necessary to ingest per day.

  In a particular embodiment of the invention, the composition may further comprise at least one of vitamin C, soy protein, potassium and bicarbonate, and copper.

  Vitamin C stimulates the synthesis of collagen, osteocalcin, bone alkaline phosphatase and stimulates the deposition of bone matrix.

  Vitamin C also has an antioxidant power, thus protecting the bones from the deleterious effects of oxidative stress.

  Potassium and bicarbonates are incorporated in the mineral structure and especially in hydration-shell.

  Potassium and bicarbonates neutralize the acidity and salinity that are factors of bone loss. A supply of bicarbonates also neutralizes the acidity, thus avoiding to tap into bone reserves.

  Magnesium is incorporated in the mineral fraction. It is a co-factor of certain enzymes such as bone alkaline phosphatase, or pyrophosphatases. Magnesium stimulates calcitonin, which promotes the deposition of calcium in bones. Finally, magnesium also controls the size of minerals to increase the mechanical strength of the bone, stopping the crystal growth phase. This limitation of the size of the crystals is essential to obtain optimum mechanical strength. Beyond a certain size, the more the crystals grow, the more fragile they are.

  Magnesium also stimulates calcitonin, which inhibits osteoclast activity.

  According to the SUVIMAX study, 77% of women and 72% of men have lower magnesium intakes than ANC; 22% of women and 17% of men consume less than 2/3 of magnesium ANC.

  Soy proteins provide the amino acids necessary for the synthesis of the constituent proteins of the bone matrix (collagen and non collagenic proteins (PNC).) The concentration of insulin growth factor type 1 (IGF-1) which is a growth factor stimulating bone formation is related to protein intake.

  Soy proteins also have a positive effect on renal calcium reabsorption, unlike other proteins that increase calciuria.

  Soy protein provides few acidifying amino acids, which preserves the acid-base balance.

  Protein intake in the population is often insufficient, especially among the elderly.

  Copper is involved in the processing of collagen as a cofactor of lysyloxidase, an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of cross-linkages between lysine residues and the hydroxyproline of collagen chains, which improves the collagen's mechanical strength.

  Copper inhibits bone resorption and increases the antioxidant action as a cofactor of SOD to Copper-Zinc, an enzyme that inhibits osteoclasts and neutralizes excess free radicals.

  Copper intake in the population is inadequate, especially among women: 50% of them have contributions of less than 2/3 of NCAs.

  According to the invention, vitamin C can be present in the composition in a highly bioavailable form of vitamin C (plant extract rich in vitamin C such as, for example, an acerola extract, L-ascorbic acid, L-ascorbate of sodium, calcium L-ascorbate, potassium L-ascorbate, L-ascorbyl 6-palmitate ...). Preferentially, a plant extract rich in vitamin C is used, very preferably an acerola extract.

  According to the invention, vitamin C may be present in the composition in an amount ranging from 40 mg to 100 mg, preferably from 50 mg to 80 mg.

  According to the invention, the soy proteins may be present in the composition in the form of natural proteins or bioavailable soy protein hydrolysates. Preferably, the soy proteins are used in the form of soya germ.

  According to the invention, the soy proteins may be present in the composition in an amount ranging from 5 g to 20 g, preferably from 10 g to 15 g.

  According to the invention, potassium and bicarbonates may be present in the composition in a bioavailable form of potassium salts containing bicarbonates or a precursor of bicarbonates (citrate, bicarbonate, lactate, carbonate). Preferentially, potassium citrate is used.

  According to the invention, the potassium salt may be present in the composition in an amount ranging from 1 g to 5 g, preferably from 2 g to 4 g.

  According to the invention, the copper may be present in the composition in a bioavailable form of copper salts (carbonate, citrate, gluconate, sulfate, copper-lysine complex, etc.). Preferentially, copper sulphate is used.

  According to the invention, the copper may be present in the composition in an amount ranging from 0.1 mg to 2 mg, preferably from 0.5 mg to 1.5 mg.

  Another preferred composition of the invention comprises: 800 mg of calcium - 5 g of vitamin D, ie 200 IU 800 mg of whey protein mg of mother-of-pearl, 1.25 mg of manganese, 35 mg of silicon in the form of 50 mg of bamboo exudate, 7.5 mg of zinc, mg of vitamin E, 2 mg of vitamin B6, 12 g of soy protein, - 3 g of tripotassic citrate, - 1 mg of copper, and mg of vitamin C. These amounts correspond to taking in one dose the amount necessary to ingest per day.

  In another particular embodiment of the invention, the composition may further comprise phytoestrogens, particularly isoflavones, and most particularly soy isoflavones. Phytoestrogens, particularly isoflavones, have an estrogen-like mimic action by which they stimulate overall bone formation. They have an effect on differentiation and on osteoblastic activity with an increase in protein synthesis (collagen, other proteins) and also enzymatic activity promoting osteoformation (bone alkaline phosphatase and other enzymes). They also promote intestinal absorption and renal reabsorption of Ca.

  Their "estrogen-like" activity slows resorption by inhibiting, for example, the synthesis of IL-6 which is a factor for stimulating osteoclast activity. They finally have an antioxidant action that neutralizes the excess of free radicals which is a factor of stimulation of bone resorption.

  Intakes of phytoestrogens, particularly isoflavones, are usually very low. Their bioavailability is improved by the simultaneous supply of soy protein. The beneficial effect of isoflavones with an intake of 75 mg / day is mainly demonstrated in type 1 osteoporosis.

  According to the invention, the phytoestrogens or isoflavones may be present in the composition in the form of soybean or plant extract containing a mixture of isoflavones (genistein, daidzein and glycitein and / or their derivatives) bioavailable. Preferably phytoestrogens or isoflavones are used in the form of soybean which also contains soy protein.

  According to the invention, phytoestrogens or isoflavones may be present in the composition in an amount ranging from 50 mg to 100 mg, preferably from 60 mg to 80 mg.

  Another preferred composition of the invention comprises: 800 mg of calcium - 5 g of vitamin D, ie 200 IU - 800 mg of whey protein mg of mother-of-pearl, 1.25 mg of manganese, mg of silicon in the form of 50 mg bamboo exudate, 7.5 mg of zinc, mg of vitamin E, - 2 mg of vitamin B6, mg of soy isoflavones, 11.34 g of soy protein, - 3 g of tripotassium citrate, 1 mg of copper, and 60 mg of vitamin C. These amounts correspond to the intake in one dose of the quantity necessary to ingest per day.

  The invention furthermore relates to the use of the composition according to the invention for the preparation of a composition intended to prevent osteoporosis.

  The subject of the invention is also the use of the composition according to the invention for the preparation of a composition intended to maintain and / or restore the acid-base balance of the extracellular fluids.

  The subject of the invention is also the use of the composition according to the invention for the preparation of a composition intended to maintain an equilibrium in the cycle of renewal of the bone and to promote the acquisition of bone capital.

  The invention further relates to the use of the composition according to the invention for the preparation of an antioxidant composition.

  The invention further relates to the use of the composition according to the invention for the preparation of a composition intended to prevent the effects of an estrogen deficiency.

  The invention finally relates to the use of the composition according to the invention for the preparation of a composition intended to overcome micronutrient deficits.

  The following examples are particular embodiments of the invention, and illustrate it without limitation.

  EXAMPLE 1 Measurement of the Potential Charge of the Composition of Example 1 Using PRAL (Renal Acid Joad Potential) The following composition is prepared by simply mixing the ingredients in powder form: 800 mg of calcium of vitamin D, ie 200 IU 800 mg of whey protein - 50 mg of mother-of-pearl, - 1.25 mg of manganese, 35 mg of silicon in the form of 50 mg of bamboo exudate, 7.5 mg of zinc, mg of vitamin E, - 2 mg of vitamin B6, mg of soy isoflavones, - 11.34 g of soy protein, 3 g of tripotassium citrate, 1 mg of copper, and - 60 mg of vitamin C. Objective of analysis: In 1995, Renner and Manz (J.Am. Diet Assoc., 1995, 95: 791-797) proposed a computational method to evaluate the potential acidic load carried by a food: PRAL (Potential Renal Acid Load). ). This calculation is done with the aim of predicting net acidic urinary excretion (NAE) following the ingestion of a meal. NAE is correlated with urinary pH. An indirect measure of NAE is possible by performing the calculation of PRAL and evaluating the excretion of organic acids (depending on the size and weight of the individual).

  The purpose of the analysis is to measure the PRAL of the composition according to Example 1, which is a dietary product whose objective is to provide an alkalizing potential to rebalance the acidobasic balance in order to limit bone loss due to acidosis related to food (high in animal protein and cereals) and age.

  Methodology: The PRAL value is defined by: (CI + P + SO4) - (Na + K + Ca + Mg).

  It is therefore necessary to know the contents of the feed in Cl, P, Na, K, Ca, Mg and SO4. Sulfates (SO4) are provided by proteins (methionine and cysteine). For the production of food tables, Remer and Manz took an average protein composition of methionine (2.4%) and cysteine (2%).

  One of the characteristics of the composition tested is its protein composition low in sulfur amino acids, which is why the exact content of methionine and cysteine was measured (methionine: 1.4% and cysteine: 1.16%).

  The calculation of the PRAL is carried out with the contents in mg / 100 g of product, values which are converted into mEq of acid.

  The conversion coefficients are determined from the average absorption of each of the compounds, divided by the atomic mass of the compound.

  Example: for Na: absorption coefficient = 95%; Atomic mass Na = 23.0 A conversion coefficient of 0.0413 is obtained.

  Results: composition Compo factors x fac conv conversion (mEq) calcium (mg / 100g) 2990 0.0125 37.375 magnesium (mg / 100g) 563 0.0263 14, 8069 potassium (mg / 100g) 3845 0.0205 78.8225 sodium (mg / 100g) 578 0, 0413 23.8714 total phosphorus (mg / 100g) 708 0.0366 25.9128 chloride mg / 100g 922 0.0268 24.7096 protein (g / 100g) 45 0.284315027 12, 7941762 PRAL = (CI + P + SO4) - (Na + K + Ca + Mg) PRAL = - 91.5 mEq Interpretation: It is observed that: - the composition tested has a negative PRAL, which means that its consumption does not does not induce acidification and that it has, on the contrary, an alkalizing power.

  - the PRAL is very high in absolute value, so we have a potential alkalinizing very important. For example, fruits and vegetables known for their alkalizing power have PRAL values of the order of -10 to -20.

  Conclusion: The tested composition is a very good tool to reduce acidosis and preserve and / or restore the acid-base balance. Daily absorption of the tested composition prevents the deleterious effects on bone health of the acid-base imbalance.

Claims (1)

  1. Supplementary dietary composition comprising at least calcium, vitamin D, whey proteins or a basic fraction of these proteins, mother-of-pearl, manganese, silicon, zinc, vitamin E and vitamin B6 .   2. Food composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the calcium is in an amount ranging from 500 mg to 1500 mg, preferably from 700 mg to 1000 mg.   3. Food composition according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the vitamin D is in an amount ranging from 1 g to 20 g, preferably from 5 g to 20 g.   4. Food composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the whey proteins are in an amount ranging from 50 mg to 1000 mg, preferably from 150 mg to 800 mg.   5. Food composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the nacre is in an amount ranging from 25 mg to 75 mg, preferably from 40 mg to 60 mg.   6. Food composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the manganese is in an amount ranging from 0.5 mg to 2.5 mg, preferably from 1 mg to 2 mg.   7. Food composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the silicon is in an amount ranging from 20 mg to 100 mg, preferably from 30 mg to 45 mg.   8. Food composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the zinc is in an amount ranging from 6 mg to 10 mg, preferably 7 mg to 9 mg.   9. Food composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the vitamin E is in an amount ranging from 1 mg to 20 mg, preferably from 5 mg to 12 mg.   10. Food composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the vitamin B6 is in an amount ranging from 0.5 mg to 5 mg, preferably from 1 mg to 3 mg.   11. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it comprises: 800 mg of calcium, 10 g of vitamin D is 400 IU, 200 mg of whey protein, 50 mg of mother-of-pearl, - 1 , 25 mg of manganese, 35 mg of silicon in the form of 50 mg of bamboo exudate, 7.5 mg of zinc, 5 mg of vitamin E, and 1 mg of vitamin B6.   12. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it further comprises at least one of the elements selected from vitamin C, soy protein, organic potassium salt, and copper .   13. Composition according to claim 12, characterized in that vitamin C is in an amount ranging from 40 mg to 100 mg, preferably from 50 mg to 80 mg.   14. Composition according to any one of claims 12 to 13, characterized in that the soy proteins are in an amount ranging from 5 g to 20 g, preferably from 10 g to 15 g.   15. Composition according to any one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the potassium salt is in an amount ranging from 1 g to 5 g, preferably from 2 g to 4 g.   16. Composition according to any one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that the copper is in an amount ranging from 0.1 mg to 2 mg, preferably from 0.5 mg to 1.5 mg.   17. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that it comprises: 800 mg of calcium, 5 of vitamin D is 200 IU, 800 mg of whey protein, 50 mg of mother-of-pearl, 1, 25 mg of manganese, 35 mg of silicon in the form of 50 mg of bamboo exudate, 7.5 mg of zinc, 10 mg of vitamin E, 2 mg of vitamin B6, 12 g of soy protein, 3 g of tripotassium citrate, 1 mg of copper, and 60 mg of vitamin C. 18. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that it further comprises phytoestrogens, preferably isoflavones, very preferably isoflavones of soy.   19. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the phytoestrogens or isoflavones are in an amount ranging from 50 mg to 100 mg, preferably from 60 mg to 80 mg.   20. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that it comprises: 800 mg of calcium, pg of vitamin D is 200 IU, 800 mg of whey protein, mg of mother-of-pearl, 1.25 mg of manganese, 35 mg of silicon in the form of 50 mg of bamboo exudate, 7.5 mg of zinc, mg of vitamin E, 2 mg of vitamin B6, 11.34 g of soy protein, 3 g of citrate tripotassium, 1 mg of copper, mg of vitamin C and mg of soy isoflavones.   21. Use of a composition as described in any one of claims 1 to 20 for the preparation of a composition for preventing osteoporosis.   22. Use of a composition as described in any one of claims 1 to 20 for the preparation of a composition for maintaining and / or restoring the acid-base balance of the extracellular fluids.   23. Use of a composition as described in any one of claims 1 to 20, for the preparation of a composition intended to maintain a balance in the bone renewal cycle and to promote the acquisition of capital. bony.   24. Use of a composition as described in any one of claims 1 to 20, for the preparation of an antioxidant composition.   25. Use of a composition as described in any one of claims 1 to 20 for the preparation of a composition for preventing the effects of estrogen deficiency.   26. Use of a composition as described in any one of claims 1 to 20 for the preparation of a composition for overcoming micronutrient deficiency.