FR2780320A1 - PROCESS FOR RECYCLING, TRANSFORMATION AND ELIMINATION OF HOUSEHOLD AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE BANKS, WITH ENERGY PRODUCTION FROM FUEL MANUFACTURED WITH SORTED WASTE - Google Patents

Abstract

The system sorts out the waste, with waste like metal, glass, and plastics being cleaned and sent to be recycled, while the decayable waste is composted and sent to the agricultural sector. The combustible waste, like wood, paper, cartons or non-recyclable plastics are transformed into a solid fuel after which they are combusted to provide energy, e.g. electricity. The toxic fumes are filtered and treated to reduce pollution. The non-recyclable products of this combustion is introduced into a vitrification oven and made into glass balls used for landscaping

Description

DESCRIPTION

  The present invention relates to a process for recycling, transforming and eliminating ordinary household and industrial waste with production of energy from a fuel produced with sorted waste. The invention applies to the technical sector of industrial installations for the

  recycling and incineration of ordinary household and industrial waste.

  We know the drawbacks created by the incineration of household waste and

  ordinary industrialists, who are burnt in traditional incinerator ovens.

  This type of incineration causes degradation of the environment by the emission of polluting fumes charged with pollutants of a volatile nature such as sulfur, chlorine,

  nitrogen oxides, metal oxides and volatile metals, Dioxins and furans, etc ...

  as well as by the production of polluting solid residues such as REFIOMs (residues from the purification of smoke from the incineration of household waste), clogs, ashes and

  heavy metals mainly contained in bottom ash.

  These incineration centers are therefore known to be polluting and many of them (which cannot be redeveloped) will have to stop operating, as long as their

  level of pollution is dangerous for humans, animals and plants.

  The present invention aims to provide a total and non-polluting solution to

  disposal of ordinary household and industrial waste.

  All of the operations implemented by the process which is the subject of the present invention is divided into three essential phases:

  A - Sorting and classification of waste arriving at the treatment center.

  B - Manufacture of a fuel with constant calorific value (PCI), from waste

sorted and classified.

  C - Combustion of this fuel in a special boiler, with energy production.

  The process of phase (A), which consists in severely sorting the waste, comes from existing, traditional processes, operating in known sorting and recycling units. According to these methods, we pour into a pit or hopper, the waste arriving at the

treatment center.

  This waste is then extracted, by means of grapples, or any other extraction system, from the pit or hopper in which it is located, and it is discharged into rotary screens where they are separated according to their mass, their dimension or their volume. On leaving the rotary screens, the roughly sorted waste is placed on conveyor belts (or sorting belts) of appropriate length and width, and this waste is circulated, at a controlled speed, in front of the sorting stations where the sorters

  responsible for sorting and severe classification of said waste.

  When the waste passes, the sorters equipped with gripping guns (to avoid having to take the waste with their fingers), remove the waste they know and for which they have been trained from the conveyor belt circulating in front of them. The waste thus sorted is introduced into a chute which leads to a conveyor belt or pneumatic, which transports the waste to its destination post for the next phase. Thus, according to the process, the waste is sorted and classified into different categories. distinct: 3 - Plastics 4 Fabrics, leathers, rubbers - Paper and cardboard

  6 - Wood and wood products, cases, packaging, etc.

  7- Fermentable and vegetable products 8 and 9 - White and color glasses and 11 - Ferrous and non-ferrous metals 12 - pebbles, porcelain and the like

13 - Fine and unidentified.

  We direct products of category -7- which are fermentable products and plants, to the compost manufacturing station, which compost, once manufactured, is bagged and shipped to consuming industries We direct waste of category -8 and 9- which are the white and color glasses, to a second sorting station where the recyclable glasses are washed, packaged and sent to consumer industries, while the non-recyclable glasses are crushed and sent to

  the vitrification oven at the end of the chain.

  Waste of category -10 and 11-, which are ferrous and non-ferrous metals, is sent to a second sorting station where it is separated, controlled, identified and compacted

  by category and shipped to consuming industries.

  We direct category -12 and 13- waste which are pebbles, porcelain, fine and unidentified, on a crusher which grinds them finely and we direct

  on the vitrification oven, at the end of the chain.

  The waste of categories -34-5-6- is directed separately to the fuel manufacturing station which is the second phase (B) of the implementation of our

process.

  Waste of category -3- which is plastics is introduced into a crusher which grinds it to a mesh of 10 to 20 millimeters and this crushed waste is transported, by means of a pneumatic conveyor, to a silo of storage whose

  capacity is planned to store the production of three days of category -3 waste.

  We proceed in the same way for waste of category -4- which are fabrics, leathers, rubbers, as well as for waste of category -5- which are paper, cardboard, and we do the same for waste of the category -6- which are the woods

and derivatives.

  Thus, after the grinding phase, each category -3- -4- -5-6- waste is stored in its own silo. The capacity of each silo is calculated to allow separate storage of the production of at least three days of waste from

each category.

  We install on each of the four silos, an apparatus of measurements and controls, allowing to know permanently the quantity of product entering and leaving each silo, as well as the temperature and humidity of each product We also install on each silo, a pneumatic extractor which allows to extract from each silo, the precise quantity of each product necessary for manufacturing

fuel.

  Of these wastes that have been stored in silos, the characteristics are well known and in particular their lower calorific value (PCI), if necessary it is determined in the laboratory by well known methods. We can therefore manufacture a determined and constant PCI fuel by mixing the different wastes -3-4-5-6-, in quantities proportional to their own lower calorific value (PCI) For example, in the first case, to make 1,000 Kg of fuel of constant lower calorific value (PCI), with a value of 4.750 Kcal / Kg, we extract different silos, and we mix the following quantities of products: -3Plastics: 0.200 Kg (of PCI 9.000 Kcal / Kg) = 1.800 Kcal -4 Fabrics, leathers, rubber. 0.150 Kg (from PCI 5.000 Kcal / Kg) = 750 Kcal -5 Paper, cardboard, 0.500 Kg (from PCI 3.500 Kcal / Kg) = 1.750 Kcal -6- Wood and wood products, 0.150 Kg (from PCI 3.000 Kcal / Kg) = 450 Kcal or 1,000 Kg of PCI fuel of 4,750 Kcal / Kg In another case, according to our process, to manufacture 1,000 Kg of constant PCI fuel, with the same value as the previous one, namely: 4,750 Kcal, 'Kg, on extract from different silos, and the following quantities of product are mixed: -3- Plastics 0.175 Kg (PCI 9.000 Kcal / Kg) = 1.575 Kcal -4- Fabrics, leathers, rubber. 0.23 5 Kg (from PCI 5.000 Kcal / Kg) = 1. 175 Kcal -5- Paper, cardboard, 0.459 Kg (from PCI 3.500 Kcal, / Kg) = 1.607 Kcal -6- Wood and derivatives 0.131 Kg (from PCI 3,000 Kcal / Kg) - 393 Kcal or 1,000 Kg of PCI fuel of 4,750 Kcal / Kg In other cases, always to make 1,000 Kg of PCI fuel constant but of different value, we will withdraw quantities from each silo different from waste

category -3-4-5-6-.

  These quantities, as well as the PCI of the fuel to be manufactured, are studied and determined, for each plant treating the waste of a given region, according to the proportions of waste of categories -3-4-56- contained in the total mass of waste.

  arriving at the treatment plant to be disposed of.

  So crushed waste is stored in silos -3-4-5-6- from which they are extracted in

  quantities required to manufacture a constant PCI fuel.

  The required quantities of waste -4-5-6- are extracted using an extractor and are transported pneumatically and placed in a hot air dryer where they are

  dried to reach a humidity of less than 5% (five).

  The ground and dried waste is extracted from the hot air dryer where it is at a temperature of 70/80 C and it is introduced into a mixer which kneads and

intimately mixed.

  The waste -3- which comes directly from

  their silo, without going through the dryer, and they are mixed with the other products -4-5-6-.

  The waste -3-4-5-6- is extracted from the mixer and introduced, by means of a pneumatic conveyor, into a high pressure press (100 to 200 bar). The waste is pressed, which, under the pressure effect, see their temperature

  increase to the creep point of certain categories of plastics.

  The creep temperature is exceeded, which has the effect of transforming these same plastics into a fluid paste, which therefore envelops and "soda" or "glue" between

  they waste particles -3-4-5-6- contained in the press.

  This amalgamated product is extracted from the press, which is extruded in the form of a large rod six to ten centimeters in diameter, which is cut at the outlet of

  the press, by means of an automatic slicer, to a length of ten to twenty centimeters.

  On leaving the press, after cutting, these "tubes" thus manufactured are cooled, by means of an air cooler, which has the effect of solidifying the plastics which had been fluidized by the rise in temperature and "compact" the product, which is wrapped in a thin plastic film, which

  protects from humidity and allows it to be stored for later use.

  At this stage, the waste -3-4-5-6- has become a clean, stable fuel,

  solid and perfectly usable, with a PCI substantially equal to half the PCI of fuel.

  Phase "B" of fuel fabrication is complete.

  We then enter phase (C) of our process, which consists of burning the fuel manufactured as indicated above, in a special combustion chamber allowing complete combustion, without unburnt and pollution-free, with smoke emissions whose characteristics are far below standards

  current and future European antipollution.

  At its exit from the press and after cooling, the fuel manufactured as mentioned above is introduced into a one or two-stage mill which grinds the fuel to a very fine mesh of about 0.5 millimeter. The fuel thus ground is introduced into a buffer silo which absorbs the

  variation of the mill flow rate and allows regulating the burner supply.

  The ground fuel is extracted from the buffer silo by means of a pneumatic extractor and conveyor, and it is introduced into a pneumatic feeder which regulates the flow of the fuel and ensures the fluidity of the fuel by the "fuel - air" mixture.

  "which feeds the burner.

  At the outlet of the feeder, the fuel is introduced into an ionizer (ion generator) from which it emerges ionized before being introduced into the burner - sprayer

  which propels the fuel inside the combustion chamber.

  The ionization of the finely ground fuel has the effect of increasing the molecular agitation of the fuel as it enters the combustion chamber, and thereby increasing the reaction rate of the combustion of said fuel manufactured with the

  sorted waste .. (the reaction time is less than 1/10 second).

  The burner is of the type used for spraying solid fuels, such as those used to supply boilers operating with pulverized coal. It is equipped with directional fins which ensure the diffusion, oriented, of the fuel in the combustion chamber and a burner - gas igniter which allows the temperature rise, up to 800 C, of the combustion chamber, before the injection of our pulverized fuel. Which burner - gas igniter is retractable and stops as soon as the

  desired temperature is reached.

  The combustion chamber is made of refractory steel, not briquetted. It consists of a double or triple envelope. An internal envelope which is the combustion chamber proper and which is therefore at a temperature of 750 C to 800 C, and one or two external envelopes, 10 to 30 centimeters apart from the internal envelope and secured to each other by means a multitude of metal fins of good thermal conductivity, which fins are welded on one side to the inner shell and on the other side to the outer shell; thus forming a heat exchanger with a large exchange surface, inside which the combustion or oxidizing air is circulated,

  to preheat it, before entering the combustion chamber.

  Combustion air is introduced through a fan with adjustable flow and pressure into the heat exchanger consisting of the double or triple casing, around the combustion chamber, as indicated above and it is heated to a temperature between 300 C and 400 C and it is introduced into the combustion chamber. This preheated combustion air is introduced into the combustion chamber at the moven of several orientable nozzles which allow the preheated combustion air to be blown, on the one hand, in the longitudinal direction of the combustion chamber, in a circular movement along the internal wall of the combustion chamber, like an endless screw, and on the other hand, to inject preheated combustion air, with opposite and crossed current,

  near and around the pulverized fuel as it enters the combustion chamber.

  All the operations (ionization of the pulverized fuel, preheating of the combustion air between 300 C and 400 C, blowing of the preheated combustion air by means of directional nozzles in the combustion chamber) has the effect of ensuring combustion integral of our fuel, by a mixture of gases in super turbulent regime (in opposition to the laminar regime) inside the combustion chamber, by intense molecular agitation, by very fast combustion rates and

  very short reaction times (less than 100 milliseconds).

  It follows an integral combustion, non-polluting and in particular without production

  nitrogen oxides (NOx) and dioxins (PCDD) and furans (PCDF).

  The ashes produced by combustion are in very small quantities (11% to 3% of the mass of the fuel). They are extracted mechanically from the lower part of the

  combustion chamber and directed to the vitrification oven at the end of the chain.

  The hot burnt gases, at a temperature of 700 C to 800 C, at their exit from the combustion chamber, are introduced into a high temperature filter, which filters the burnt gases and retains the dust which could have been entrained by the movement gases. These dedusted gases are introduced into a traditional boiler or a steam generator which produces energy in the form of hot or superheated water or

  steam, superheated or not, at desired temperature and pressure, as required.

  - For example, the steam produced can power a steam turbine, which drives a

  alternator for the production of electrical energy.

  At their exit from the "boiler" the fumes are controlled and treated, if necessary, by means of known conventional systems, to ensure their total "no

  pollution ". They are then extracted using the exhaust chimney.

  Thus, our method, object of the present invention, allows the total treatment and

  non-polluting ordinary household and industrial waste arriving at the treatment plant.

  - Recyclable materials are sorted, recycled and shipped to consuming industries.

  - Fermentable products are sorted, transformed into compost and marketed.

  - The combustible products are transformed into a solid fuel with constant PCI,

  of high energy value, which can be used later.

  - The fuel is burned in a combustion chamber and produces energy.

  - The ashes, the purification residues, the fines, glass waste and the unidentified, are introduced into a vitrification oven, at the end of the chain, where, added to phonolite, they are neutralized, inert and transformed into small glass beads which can be used for drainage and soil stabilization, or deposited in landfill

  class II, in accordance with the regulations in force.

  Other advantages of the invention will emerge from the description which follows given to

  by way of nonlimiting example, referring to the attached drawings.

  Figure I is a block table of a processing center implementing

our process.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram of the combustion chamber with its burner According to the process which is the subject of the invention, according to the diagram in FIG. 1, ordinary household and industrial waste arrives at (1) where they are checked and weighed. They are then poured into a receiving pit or hopper (2) from where they are extracted to be deposited on the various sorting stations where they are severely sorted into different categories. Post (3) plastics, post (4) fabrics, leathers and rubbers, Post (5) paper and cardboard, Post (6) wood and derivatives, Post (7) fermentable materials, Post (8) and (9) white glasses and color glasses, Post (10) and (11) ferrous and non-ferrous metals

  ferrous, Post (12) stones, porcelain and the like, Post (13) fine and unidentified.

  Stones, porcelain and the like, with unidentified fines coming out of

  station (12) and (13) are crushed and sent to the vitrification oven (V) at the end of the chain.

  Ferrous and non-ferrous metals leaving stations (10) and (1 1) are classified by

  category, individually compact and shipped to consuming industries.

  The white and color glasses leaving the stations (8) and (9) are partly recycled and sent to consumer industries, and partly crushed and sent to the oven.

  vitrification (V) at the end of the chain.

  The fermentables leaving the station (7) are poured onto a second complementary sorting station (18) and introduced into the crusher (19). They are then introduced into a densimetric sorting system of the cyclonic or similar type (20) and are then introduced into the digester tube (21). At the outlet of the digester tube they are sorted one last time on a rebound sorting table (22) and introduced into the ripening tube (23) from which they emerge as compost, to be bagged at the station (25) and palletized in the post (26) and

  shipped to consuming industries (C).

  The plastics leaving the station (3) are ground in the crusher (14) and stored in the silo (26) The leathers, rubbers and fabrics leaving the station (4) are ground in the crusher

(15) and stored in the silo (27).

  The paper and cardboard leaving the station (5) are crushed in the crusher (16) and

stored in the silo (28).

  The wood and derivatives leaving the station (6) are crushed in the crusher (17) and stored

in the silo (29).

  The storage silos (26 - 27 - 28 - 29) are equipped with electronic weighing scales which allow to permanently know the quantities of products entering and leaving each silo, as well as the temperature and humidity of each product. extracted, in required quantity, from the silo (26) by means

  an extractor - dispenser (30) and introduced into the mixer (32).

  Leather, rubber, fabrics, as well as cardboard and wood and derivatives,

  are extracted, in required quantity, from the silos (27 - 28 - 29) by means of extractors -

  dosers (30) and introduced into the hot air dryer (31) from which they come out dried and are

  then introduced into the mixer (32).

  At the outlet of the mixer, the products which are intimately mixed are introduced into a high pressure press (33), fitted at the outlet of an air cooler, from which they emerge in the form of a solid, cylindrical fuel, of six to ten centimeters in diameter and ten to twenty centimeters long, which can be stored for later use. The fuel thus produced is introduced into a grinder (34) which grinds it to a

about 0.5 millimeter mesh.

  The ground fuel is introduced into a buffer silo (35) which absorbs the variations in the flow rate of the mill and regulates the flow rate of the fuel for its use in

final phase in the boiler room.

  At the outlet of the buffer silo, the fuel is introduced into the feeder (36) which ensures the "fuel - atomizing air" mixture and regulates the final flow of the fuel, then introduces it into the ionizer (37). Once ionized, the fuel is introduced into the "Burner - Combustion chamber" assembly (38) (see FIG. 2), which assembly is equipped with a gas igniter, piloted by control and safety devices (39). . The ashes from combustion (40), as well as the residues from the treatment of smoke, with fines and unidentified, porcelain stones and waste glass not recycled, are introduced into the vitrification oven (V) where they are turned into beads

of inert glass.

  At the outlet of the combustion chamber, the hot burnt gases are filtered by means of the high temperature filter (41). They are then introduced into the "boiler" (42) which, for the present case, produces superheated steam, which steam feeds a

  turbine (46) which drives an alternator (47) for the production of electrical energy.

  The fumes leaving the boiler are treated by means of a traditional treatment assembly (43), and thus do not emit any pollution by their discharge into the atmosphere. Before being evacuated by the evacuation chimney (45), the fumes pass over a heat exchanger (44) which feeds, by means of a heat-transfer fluid, the air dryer

hot (31).

  According to the process, object of the invention, according to the diagram of the burner and of the combustion chamber, FIG. 2, the atomized, ionized fuel arrives at (1) where it is pulsed in the burner, which injects it into the combustion chamber, thanks to the air of

  spray (2) continuously regulated by the feeder.

  The pulverized fuel burner is equipped with directional fins (7) which ensure the mixture "spraying air - fuel" and directional fins (8) which ensure the fuel a gyratory movement before it enters the combustion flame and by there, its ignition..11 is fitted with a safety check valve

(9).

  The fuel burner is equipped with a gas burner-igniter (3) which preheats the combustion chamber to the desired temperature from 750 C to 800 C, and which shrinks and stops working when the temperature is reached. At this time we

  begins to inject the atomized fuel into the combustion chamber (5).

  The combustion chamber consists of a double jacket (10) forming a heat exchanger with a large exchange surface and allowing the air to be heated

  oxidizer, or combustion air (4), before entering the combustion chamber.

  The combustion air (4) is admitted into a distribution chamber (6) which distributes it in the double jacket (10) forming a heat exchanger around the entire periphery of the combustion chamber and in which it is heated to the temperature from 300 C to

400 C.

  This combustion air is admitted into the combustion chamber by means of a nozzle

  directional (13) and (14) which allow to inject this air in the desired direction.

  The actual hearth of the combustion chamber (12) is shaped

  frustoconical and made of refractory material with high radiating power.

  The hot burnt gases (approximately 800 ° C.) are extracted from the combustion chamber by the conduit (I 1) which introduces them into the high temperature filter and then into the

  "boiler" proper, as shown in the diagram in FIG. 1.

Claims (17)

  1. Process for recycling, transforming and eliminating ordinary household and industrial waste, with production of energy from a fuel made with sorted waste, characterized by the following operations: - Sorting and classifying the incoming waste at the treatment center. - We recycle recyclable waste such as glass, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, and certain categories of plastics and paper, and we ship these recycled products to consuming industries. (items 8-9-10-1 1) fig. I - We sort and separate the stones, porcelain and the like, as well as the unidentified fines (item 12 and 13) fig. 1, and they are vitrified in small glass beads in an oven of vitrification at the end of the chain.   - We sort and select the fermentable waste (item 7 and 18) fig. 1, and they are transformed into compost (items 19 to 25) fig. I1. Which compost is shipped to consuming industries. - We sort and select plastics, fabrics, leathers and rubbers, cardboard and paper, wood and wood derivatives and we make a solid, clean and stable fuel that can be stored, including lower calorific value (PCI) ) is constant and close to half the PCI of fuel. (items 14-15-16-17 and 26 to 33) fig. 1 - This fuel is finely ground, with a mesh size of approximately 0.5 millimeters, and it is burned in a boiler equipped with a spray burner and a refractory steel combustion chamber. (items 34 to 42) fig. 1 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the products sorted and selected separately for the manufacture of the fuel, are ground separately to a mesh of about 20 millimeters (items 14-15-16-17) fig. and stored separately in silos with a capacity allowing the storage of three days of production of each type of product. Plastics are stored in the silo (26), fabrics, leathers and rubbers are stored in the silo (27), paper and cardboard are stored in the silo   (28), the wood and derivatives are stored in the silo (29).   Each silo is equipped with electronic scales and measuring devices allowing to know permanently, the quantity of product entering and leaving each silo, as well as   the temperature and humidity of the stored product.   Each silo is also equipped with an automatic pneumatic extractor, making it possible to extract from each silo, the required quantity of each product entering into the composition fuel to be made.   3. Method according to claims I and 2, characterized in that one extracts from each storage silo (26 to 29), the exact quantity of each product necessary for the   manufacture of a fuel of constant lower calorific value (PCI).   It is known the quantity and the characteristics of each product stored in the silos (26 to 29) and in particular the lower calorific value (PCI) of each of these products;   if necessary, it is determined in the laboratory by well known methods.   We know the quantity and composition of the total mass of waste arriving at the treatment center to be eliminated, and in particular the proportion of waste entering   in the composition of the fuel to be manufactured, relative to the total mass of the waste.   From this data, the PCI value of the fuel to be manufactured is calculated, which value will be between 4,200 Kcal / Kg and 4,800 Kcal / Kg, taking into account the known national average composition of household and industrial waste 1 0 mundane.   To make 100 Kg of fuel with a lower calorific value (PCI) of 4,500 Kcal / Kg, the following quantities of products are extracted from each silo:   - Silo (26) - 16 Kg of plastics, ie: 16% of the fuel mass.   - Silo (27) - 14 Kg of fabrics, leather, rubber, ie: 14% of the fuel mass.   - Silo (28) - 52 Kg of paper, cardboard, ie: 52% of the mass of the fuel - Silo (29) - 1 8 Kg of wood and derivatives, ie: 18% of the mass of the fuel The same value is obtained PCI of this same fuel by modifying, if necessary, the proportions of the various products used in the manufacture of said   combustible. The following quantities of products are then extracted from each silo.   - Silo (26) - 17 Kg of plastics, i.e.: 17% of the fuel mass - Silo (27) - 13 Kg of fabrics, leather, rubber, i.e.: 13% of the fuel mass - Silo (28) - 44 Kg of paper, cardboard, ie: 44% of the mass of the fuel - Silo (29) - 26 Kg of wood and derivatives, ie: 26% of the mass of the fuel The proportions of each product, for the same mass of combustible, have changed but   the fuel PCI is always of the same value (4,500 Kcal / Kg).   We operate in the same way, by mixing the products extracted from the silos (26 to 29), in different proportions, both for this same PCI value as for   different values between 4.200 Kcal / Kg and 4.800 Kcal / Kg.   The fuel manufacturing operations are piloted and controlled by means of a calculation unit and a computer program which determines the PCI value of the fuel to be manufactured and continuously calculates the different quantities of the products to be   mix to keep the PCI value of said fuel constant.   4. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that   the products extracted from the silos (27-28-29), namely fabrics, leathers, rubbers, papers, cardboard, wood and wood derivatives, are introduced into a hot air dryer (31) fig. 1, and they are dried to a humidity of less than 5% of their weight. Which dryer is supplied with a heat transfer fluid heated from a heat exchanger (44) fig. 1,   placed on the smoke evacuation circuit.   5. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in   what we introduce the products leaving the hot air dryer, in a rotary mixer with internal fins (32) fig. 1, and that the materials are introduced into this same mixer   plastics coming directly from the silo (26) fig. 1.   The products leaving the hot air dryer are, at the inlet of the mixer, at a temperature between 70 C and 80 C. The plastics arriving from the silo (26) being at a lower temperature, are therefore, warm and intimately   mixed with all the other products constituting the fuel to be manufactured.   6. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in   what we introduce the products leaving the mixer (32) and intended for the manufacture of   fuel, in a high pressure press (33) fig. 1.   The products are compressed, which, under the effect of pressure, between 40 and 200 bar, see their temperature increase. The pressure is raised inside the press, until the creep temperature of certain categories of plastics is exceeded, which, under the effect of heat, transform into a pasty product sufficiently fluid to amalgamate with the   other products in the press.   All the particles of the various products are thus wrapped in a thin film of plastic material and glued and welded together by means of this fluidized plastic material, thus constituting a pasty, dense and compact product, which   becomes the actual fuel.   This pasty fuel is then extruded and leaves the press in the form of a rod   cylindrical about 8 cm in diameter that is sliced to the desired length.   At the outlet of the press, the fuel is cooled by means of an air cooler. This cooling causes the plastic material constituting the fuel binder to harden and shrink. The fuel is thus completely coated with a thin film of said plastic material which makes it impervious to moisture and keeps it compacted at a density close to 900 Kg / m3. This fuel can   then be used immediately or stored for later use.   7. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in   what the fuel is introduced into a grinder (34) fig. 1, and we grind it to a stitch fine of about 0.5 millimeter.   8. Method according to claim 7 above, characterized in that the finely ground fuel is introduced into a buffer silo (35), fig. 1. Which silo absorbs variations in the flow rate of the mill (34) fig. 1. and ventilates the fuel, by means of a ventilation system and a rotating articulated arm which prevents the fuel from settling inside buffer silo.   9. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in   the finely ground fuel inside the buffer silo (35) is introduced into a feeder (36) fig. 1 which regulates the flow of the fuel and its mixture   with atomizing air, and propels the fuel into an ionizer.   10. Method according to claim 9 above, characterized in that the finely ground fuel is introduced into an ionizer or ion generator, the flow rate and intensity of which are adjusted for each type of fuel, according to its calorific value.   lower (PCI) and the electrical charges of its various components.   The fuel is thus ionized before being propelled into the combustion chamber.   11. Method according to claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the   finely ground and ionized fuel in a spray burner and combustion chamber (38) assembly fig. 1.and (I and 2) fig.2. Which spray burner is equipped with a second burner - retractable gas igniter (3) fig. 2, which preheats the combustion chamber and ignites the pulverized fuel as it enters the combustion chamber. The preheating and ignition operations completed, the burner - igniter   gas stops working and retracts to the back of the spray burner.   12. Method according to claims 7 to 11, characterized in that the burner   spray (equipped with a burner - gas igniter, retractable), which receives the pulverized (or finely ground) fuel and the spray air (1 and 2) fig. 2, from the feeder and the ionizer ( 36 and 37) fig. 1, is fitted with directional fins (7) and (8) fig. 2, inserted on the atomizing air circuit and on the atomized fuel circuit, imparting to the fuel a rotational movement as it enters the combustion chamber , before its inflammation. This same burner is fitted with a safety valve (9) fig. 2,   preventing the accidental return of flames from the combustion chamber.   13. Method according to claims 7 to 12, characterized in that the   combustion (5) fig.2, made of refractory steel, not briquetted, is formed by a double or triple jacket forming a heat exchanger (10) fig.2, intimately linked to the combustion chamber, inside which one makes circulate the combustion air, or oxidizer (4) fig.2, to heat it to a temperature between 300 C and 400 C before its introduction into the combustion chamber. The combustion or oxidizing air (4) fig. 2 is introduced into the exchanger (10) fig. 2, via a distribution chamber   (6) fig. 2, which distributes it uniformly over the entire surface of the exchanger.   14. Method according to claims 7 to 13, characterized in that the air from   combustion or oxidant (4) fig.2, preheated in the heat exchanger around the combustion chamber, is introduced, in the combustion chamber, partly by means of directional nozzles (13) fig.2, which print at the combustion air a gyratory movement, in the desired direction and direction, before it is mixed with the pulverized fuel, and partly by means of directional nozzles (14) fig.2 which inject the combustion air, at cross currents or opposites, in order to create a stir   intense in the pulverized fuel.   15. Method according to claims 7 to 14, characterized in that the hearth (12)   fig. 2, inside the combustion chamber, is frustoconical and made up of   heavy refractory material with high radiating power.   16. Method according to claims 7 to 15, characterized in that the burnt gases,   hot, at a temperature of 750 C to 800 C, are extracted from the combustion chamber through the orifice (1 1) fig. 2, and introduced into a high temperature filter (41) fig. 1, which purifies them   before their introduction into the boiler or steam generator (42) fig. 1.   17. Method according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the ashes   from combustion (40) fig. 1, as well as stones, porcelain or the like (12) fig. 1, and the fine and unidentified (13) fig. 1, and the smoke purification residues, are introduced into a vitrification oven, where added to the phonolite, they are inerted and   transformed into small glass beads.