FR2616866A1 - Elastic coupling, articulation or support bearing structure with adaptable radial, axial, conical and/or torsional stiffnesses and coupling, articulation and support bearing including such a structure - Google Patents

Abstract

Anti-vibrational elastic support, coupling or bearing structure 10 including two coaxial elements, one an inner element 11, the other an outer element 12, these elements being connected by a plurality of cable strands 14 anchored alternately in each of the elements and each located in a plane which is parallel to the axis 17 common to the two elements 11, 12. Preferably, the planes in which the cable strands 14 are located are axial ones. In one family of embodiments, the elements 11, 12 are cylindrical. In another family they are conical.

Description

 The field of the present invention extends to those of couplings, joints or elastic support bearings. More specifically, the present invention relates to a structure of elastic couplings, articulations or support bearings with axial, tapered radial and / or torsional stiffness adaptable.

The structure according to the invention comprises for this purpose two coaxial elements, one inside, the other outside. Advantageously, in a preferred embodiment, these elements are generally cylindrical with a circular guide curve. Generally, these two elements are joined in an elastic manner and are intended for between used
- either coupled to the driving element and to the driven element, when the structure according to the invention is used as a coupling device,
- Either as a fixed ring and a mobile ring when the structure according to the invention is used as a multi-axis joint.

- either as the load-bearing element (to be fixed on a frame) and, as the load-bearing element (to receive the load), when the structure according to the invention is used as a support bearing,
The general technical problem solved by the invention is that of obtaining a device or a structure capable of receiving the three aforementioned applications allowing both
- to compensate for a lack of spatial positioning between the parts to be mounted together, by means of the structure according to the invention, whether it is an application as a coupling, as an articulation or as a bearing,
to allow relative movements in translation or in rotation of the parts mentioned above,
- To filter as much as possible some of the vibrations to which one of the two elements may enter between by one of said parts, allowing only a very attenuated transmission of these vibrations to the second element.

 The Applicant has long developed anti-vibration elastic supports making it possible, moreover, to compensate for a play or a positioning error between the assembly to be worn and the frame carrying the support.

 We know that the function of an anti-vibration support is to decouple a carrier element and a carrier element so that vibrations beyond a so-called "cut-off" frequency are hardly transmitted. However, it is desirable to be able to have a support capable of having a predetermined cut-off frequency under different conditions of mass carried.

 The Applicant has developed various anti-vibration elastic supports, the elastic element of which consists of a steel cable. However, all of the mass and cutoff-frequency ranges are far from being covered.

 More specifically, the applicant has been confronted with the problem of providing a support of reduced bulk capable of carrying a mass of approximately 10 kg and of having an average cut-off frequency (of approximately 100 Hz).

 Since its range of supports does not cover these characteristics, the applicant has sought to develop such a support, capable, moreover, of being able to be adapted to other characteristics in terms of mass and cut-off frequency, while allowing, where appropriate, to compensate for a play or a positioning error between the mass carried and the frame carrying the support proper.

 The problems associated with elastic couplings are also known. I1 is to compensate for a positioning error between the axis of revolution of the driven element and that of the driving element. This positioning error can be of several types.

I1 can indeed be
- either a radial offset of the axes,
- or an axial offset of the driving element with
the driven element,
- either of a "conical" offset of the axes of the two elements,
- or, more generally, a combination of the three
offsets defined above.

 The radial, axial and / or conical stiffnesses of the elastic coupling must be adapted to the type of positioning error expected.

 In addition, an elastic coupling must be capable of absorbing and absorbing irregularities in transmitted torque. I1 must therefore have a torsional stiffness accordingly.

 There are elastic couplings whose elastic element is an elastomer.

 However, for certain applications, these couplings are not satisfactory. Indeed, the rubber does not withstand certain overheating, especially since these are extended over time.

 The two drawbacks mentioned above have been resolved, in certain applications, by replacing the rubber with cable.

However, the coupling structures known in the prior art are particularly complex and bulky.

 I1 is therefore desirable to be able to have an elastic coupling, cable-based, compact, capable of having the stiffness that is appropriate given the misalignment or lack of spatial positioning to which it may be required to be subjected, allowing moreover, if necessary, to filter the vibrations beyond a predetermined cut-off frequency.

 The present invention aims, among other things, to solve all of the above problems.

 Finally, as regards a joint intended to replace a greased joint, it must allow, between a so-called "fixed" ring and a movable ring, movements of any alternative type of translation and / or rotation.

 Furthermore, as for couplings, the prior art teaches that there exist elastic joints based on rubber or elastomer enclosed between two armatures of revolution. It is desirable to be able to replace the rubber or the elastomer with cable to allow, in particular, better temperature resistance, while retaining a reduced bulk.

 It will also be observed that, in certain hypotheses, an elastic articulation of the type succinctly described above, can be brought to bear a large load. In this regard, the problems specific to them bearing-supports, recalled above are found, mutadis mutandis, in connection with said articulation.

Thus, in general, with regard to both a coupling, an articulation or a support bearing, the following problems must be resolved:
- resistance to the most severe atmospheres (in temperature),
chemical attacks (hydrocarbons), radiation, ozones,
etc ...

- very high resistance to fatigue,
- very high reliability and absence of aging,
- significant amortization without degradation of
mechanical characteristics,
- very large possibility of adjusting stiffness,
- very compactness of the device.

 The present invention generally solves all of the technical problems mentioned above and is aimed at a structure capable of receiving the three applications mentioned above, characterized in that it comprises two coaxial elements, one inside, the other outside, connected elastically by cable and in that this elastic connection comprises a plurality of strands of cables anchored alternately on each of the elements and each arranged in a longitudinal plane parallel to the common axis of the two elements , the anchor points of the cable strands on the inner element being arranged on at least one ellipse located in a plane transverse to said axis, the anchor points of the cable strands on the outer element being arranged on at least one ellipse located in a plane transverse to said axis.

 Advantageously, the cable can be anchored on the inner element in an axial and / or radial direction; the same applies to the anchoring of the cable to the external element.

 Thanks to these provisions, there is a support or coupling or articulation structure meeting the specifications set out above, in particular as regards the size and the possibilities of adjusting the radial, axial stiffness, torsional and conical.

 In a preferred embodiment belonging to a first family, the anchoring of the cable strands on the external or internal element or on each of the two elements is arranged on a cylindrical surface whose directing curve is said ellipse.

Advantageously, moreover, said ellipse is a circle and said parallel plane of the common axis comprises this axis.

 These provisions are particularly simple to implement. In addition, they lend themselves easily to common applications of the structure as a support bearing and as a hinge. In addition, as will emerge from the description of a preferred variant embodiment, the arrangements recalled above make it easy to precontain radially at least some of the cable strands. Such prestresses are known and those skilled in the art are well aware that in certain applications of a structure having the above-mentioned functions, it is necessary to prestress the elastic means.

 In another preferred embodiment belonging to another family, the anchoring of the cable strands, on the external element or on the internal element or on each of the two elements, is arranged on at least one conical surface whose curve directrix is said ellipse. Advantageously, moreover, said ellipse is a circle and said longitudinal plane parallel to the common axis comprises this axis.

 These arrangements are in particular advantageous in that they easily make it possible to generate an axial prestress decomposing into a prestress parallel to the conical surface and a prestress normal to this surface. Such prestresses are well known and are particularly useful, in particular, in certain support bearings.

 Finally, each of the two families of preferred embodiments above will be used taking into account the applications envisaged.

 The present invention also relates to a support, a coupling and a bearing comprising a structure such as that briefly described above.

The characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description which will follow in support of the attached drawings on which
FIG. 1 is a view in axial section along the line of a structure according to the invention,
FIG. 2 is a view in radial section along the line II-II of the structure of FIG. 1,
FIGS. 3 to 5 illustrate in axial section three alternative embodiments of the structure illustrated in FIG. 1,
FIG. 6 illustrates, in axial section, a method making it possible to exert a radial stress on the cable strands of a structure according to the invention,
FIG. 7 illustrates, in axial section, another embodiment of the structure illustrated in FIG. 1,
- Figure 8 is a view, in radial section, along the line
VIII-VIII of figure 7.

 In Figures 1 and 2, there is shown, schematically and elementary, a structure according to the invention, capable of being used as support, coupling, or bearing. Only the essential elements of the invention have been shown and will be described. The means allowing the adaptation of such a structure to the three aforementioned functions not being part as such of the invention and being within the reach of ordinary skill in the art, they have not been shown and will not be described in detail.

 According to the embodiment chosen and shown belonging to the first family mentioned above, a structure 10 comprises two coaxial cylindrical elements one, 11, inside, the other, 12, outside. It will be observed that here the shape of the elements 11, 12 is cylindrical with a circular directing curve.

 It is observed that in the embodiment shown, the external cylindrical element is produced in two independent parts 12a, 12b. These parts are welded at 13.

 According to the invention the two coaxial cylindrical elements 11 and 12 are joined by a plurality of cable strands 14 anchored alternately on each of the elements and each arranged in a substantially axial plane of the assembly.

 In the embodiment shown the cable strands 14 are anchored on a median peripheral ring 15 of the inner element 11 comprising a series of perforations 16, of axial orientation. It is observed that in fact the axis 16a of the perforations 16 is parallel to the common axis of symmetry 17 of the two cylindrical elements 11, 12. It is observed that, in accordance with a general characteristic of the invention, the anchoring points 16 are arranged in an ellipse (here a circle) situated in a transverse plane (shown diagrammatically here in FIG. 1 by the line 30) to the common axis 17 of the elements 11, 12.

 In the embodiment chosen and shown, the anchoring of the cable strands 14 on the external element is done as follows.

 Each of the two cylindrical external elements 12a, 12b comprises an end ring referenced respectively at 18a, 18b provided with axially oriented bores 19a, 19b: the axes 20a, 20b of the bores 19a, 19b are indeed parallel to the axis of symmetry of the assembly 17. It is observed that, in accordance with a general characteristic of the invention, the anchoring points 19 are arranged in an ellipse (here a circle) situated in a plane transverse to the common axis 17 of the elements 11, 12. In addition, in accordance with a general characteristic of this embodiment, the anchoring points 19a, 19b are arranged on a cylindrical surface.

 In the embodiment shown the cable strands 14 are welded to the outer rings 18a, 18b. On the other hand, the cable strands are not fixed to the crown 15 of the inner element 11. It is however possible to provide for this purpose a crimping of the cable at the holes 16, by crushing the material of the crown against the cable strands 14.

 In the embodiment shown, twelve strands of cable 14 are thus anchored alternately on the external element 12, then on the internal element II and again on the external element 12.

 According to a characteristic of the invention, the cable strands 14 are arranged in a longitudinal plane parallel to the common axis 17 of the two elements 11, 12. Moreover, in this embodiment, the axis 17 also belongs to the planes in which the strands 14 are arranged, these planes being axial (FIG. 2), and distributed, here, regularly over 360C (line II shows diagrammatically in FIG. 2 one of these planes).

 Finally, the dimensional characteristics of the assembly illustrated and described here are as follows: the external element has a length of 70 mm for a diameter of 65 mm, while the internal element has a length of 30 mm for an internal diameter of 20 mm. The target used is a stranded steel target with 7 strands with a total diameter of 4 mm.

 The structure shown in Figures 1 and 2 can advantageously be used as a coupling.

 To this end, the elements 11 and 12 are provided with means (not shown) allowing them to be joined in rotation to respectively driving - and driven shafts. These means can be arbitrary and are within the reach of those skilled in the art. For example, it may be grooves provided on the inner surface 24 of the inner cylindrical element 11, adapted to cooperate with complementary grooves formed on a shaft of appropriate diameter.

 As regards the outer cylindrical element 12, similar grooves may be provided on its outer surface 25, these grooves being adapted to cooperate for example with a pinion of suitable structure.

 The structure according to the invention makes it possible, like any elastic coupling, to compensate for misalignments in ranges of predetermined value.

In this regard, it should be recalled that the offsets or positioning errors between the driving part and the driven part can be of three types
- It may primarily be a radial misalignment of the axes. In this case, the axis of revolution of the internal cylindrical element 11 is offset radially with respect to the axis of revolution of the external cylindrical element 12.

 - Secondly, it may be an axial offset of the part 11 relative to the part 12 imposed by the rotating parts to be coupled, the axis of revolution of each of the cylindrical elements 11 and 12 remaining aligned. one with the other.

 - thirdly, it may be a conical type misalignment, the axis of revolution of the cylindrical element 11 then making an angle with that of the external cylindrical element 12.

 - And, more generally, it will be a combination of the three misalignments or offsets mentioned above.

 In addition, the elastic coupling illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 is capable of absorbing in an elastic manner variations in torque in the transmission which result in a relative rotation of the internal cylindrical element 11 relative to the external cylindrical element. 12.

 In general, the transmitted torque, the torque variations and - the expected offsets, the conical or torsional axial radial stiffnesses must be adapted accordingly.

 The present invention allows such an adaptation, in particular by making it possible to favor, on request, an offset along a particular axis.

 Thus, the axial anchoring of the cable strands 14 both on the external cylindrical element 12 and on the internal cylindrical element 11 gives the structure shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 a significant axial stiffness and a relatively low radial stiffness.

 Thus this structure is particularly well suited to compensate for a radial or conical offset. However, it will not support an axial offset of the parts 11 and 12 that is too large.

 It will be noted that, advantageously, especially in the case of a support bearing, the axial and radial stiffnesses of a structure according to the invention can be modified by giving the cable strand an axial and / or radial prestress.

 Indeed, it is possible to provide cable strands 14 of length greater than that which is shown, while the geometry of the external element and that of the internal element do not change. In such a case, the strands of cable 14 are axially prestressed, the slope of the cable taking, between the orifices 19 and 16, a significantly greater value. As a result, the axial and radial stiffnesses are substantially modified.

 Further on, in support of FIG. 6, a means is described making it possible to prestress radially some of the cable strands 14.

 It will also be noted that the structure thus represented makes it possible to carry a radial load of 10 kg and to attenuate the vibrations of radial amplitude applied for example to the external element 12 by preventing that those whose frequency exceeds, in the example represented , 100 Hz, are transmitted to the inner cylindrical element 11.

 With regard to the application of the structure 10 as a hinge, the point 31 is defined as being the elastic center of the structure 10. This point 31 is located at the intersection of the axis 17 and the transverse plane of symmetry comprising the circle 30. The structure shown allows relative movements of the element 11 (acting in this case as a movable ring) relative to the element 12 (here serving as a "fixed" ring). These relative movements of translation (respectively of rotation) are made along (respectively around) axes passing through point 31.

 Figures 3 to 5 illustrate three alternative embodiments of the structure described in support of Figures 1 and 2.

 In FIG. 3, a variant is schematically illustrated in which the cable strands 14 are anchored in a radial direction both on the internal cylindrical element II and in the external cylindrical element 12. The cables are secured to these elements by welding.

 It is observed that two series of cables are mounted at the ends island and llb of the internal cylindrical element 11. The target series each comprise twelve strands of cable distributed regularly in a star with twelve branches and arranged in a radial-transverse plane of the structure .

 The cable strands 14 are arranged along an axial plane of the structure.

 Such a structure is capable of receiving the same applications as those described in support of FIGS. 1 and 2. It will be observed that the radial and conical stiffnesses are however quite high there. However, the assembly is more flexible axially.

 A variant of this embodiment may consist in mounting only a single series of cable strands 14 arranged in a star.

In such a case, the structure obtained is radially stiff and has a certain conical flexibility.

 In Figure 4, the cable strands 14 are anchored in an axial direction on the inner cylindrical member 11 but in a radial direction on the outer cylindrical member 12. Such a structure has, all other things being equal, a radial stiffness more important than that of the structure illustrated in FIG. 1, but less important than that of the structure illustrated in FIG. 3. On the other hand, the axial stiffness is less important there than in the structure illustrated in FIG. 1 and more important than in that illustrated in figure 3.

 FIG. 5 illustrates a variant of the structure illustrated in FIG. 4. The external cylindrical element comprises two portions 12e, 12b welded on a ring 12c having holes with axial orientation 30. The cable strands 14 are mounted in an axial direction in the holes 30 while they are anchored in a radial direction in the internal cylindrical element 11.

 The stiffnesses of such an assembly are, all other things being equal, similar to those of the structure illustrated in FIG. 4.

 In the three structures illustrated in FIGS. 3 to 5, the vibrations that can be best attenuated are those having an orientation corresponding to the axis in which the stiffness of the structure is relatively low.

 In Figures 7 and 8, there is illustrated in axial and transverse section a structure 200 having an inner element 211 and an outer element 212 coaxial (common axis 217).

 It is observed that according to one of the general characteristics of the invention, the anchoring points 219a respectively 219b of the strands of the cable 14 on the external element 212 are respectively arranged on two ellipses 250e, 250b (not circular in this example).

Moreover, the ellipses 250a, 250b are guiding curves of a conical surface 251 on which, according to a general characteristic of another family of embodiments of the invention, the anchor points 219e, 219b are located. The anchoring of the cable strands 14 is here such that the cable strands take a normal orientation relative to the surface 251.

 Likewise, the anchor points 216 of the cable strands 14 on the element 211 are located on an ellipse 260. In this case, each cable strand 14 is anchored on the element 211 in only one point 216. Nothing prevents, in an alternative embodiment, that each cable strand 14 is anchored at several points on this element 211, the anchoring points then being located on the conical surface 252 illustrated.

 As in the embodiments described in support of FIGS. 1 to 5, in accordance with the invention, the cable strands 14 are each located in a plane parallel to the axis 217. It can be seen, in FIG. 8, that the cable strands are here arranged in planes comprising said axis 217 (axial planes).

 According to a characteristic of the embodiment shown, the structure has in the free state an axial offset (K-) of the element 211 relative to the element 211. Under axial loading (F), the front surfaces 253 and rear 254 of the element 211 are aligned on the corresponding surfaces 255, 256 of the element 212. A prestressing having on the points 216, 219 a normal component and a tangential component, is thus generated. Those skilled in the art will conventionally appreciate the value to be given to this prestress.

 In Figure 6 there is illustrated a method for prestressing the cable strands 14 in a direction perpendicular to an axial diametral plane.

 In general, according to this aspect of the invention, the structure 10 is divided into a predetermined number of subsets.

 In the embodiment shown, the structure 10 is divided into two subsets 101, 101 '.

 In general, according to this aspect of the invention, the interior and exterior elements are each divided into an identical number of sectors respectively called exterior sectors and interior sectors.

 In the embodiment shown, the interior and exterior elements are generally cylindrical. The latter have been divided into two identical inner cylindrical sectors 111, 111 'and two identical outer cylindrical sectors 121, 121'. These sectors are limited by an axial plane (in this case axial diametral} respectively bearing the references 112, 112 'and 122, 122'.

 In general, according to this aspect of the invention, the cylindrical subassemblies 101, 101 'are formed by coupling each internal cylindrical sector 111 (111') to an external cylindrical sector 121 (121 ') by means of at least one strand of cable 14 anchored alternately on each of the sectors and arranged here in an axial plane.

 In the embodiment shown, each of the sub-assemblies comprises six strands of cable 14 (not shown in full) inked radially in the external cylindrical sector 121 (121 ') and axially in a ring 15 (15') of the internal cylindrical sector 111 (111 ').

 According to this aspect of the invention, the cable strands 14 are of a length such that, once mounted with the external cylindrical sector concerned 121 (121 '), each internal cylindrical sector 111 (111') has an offset towards the 'outside relative to the volume to be normally occupied by the cylindrical sub-assembly considered 101 (101').

 It is observed that in the embodiment chosen and shown, the offset towards the outside is such that the plane 112 (112 ') limiting the internal cylindrical sector 111 (111') is offset radially towards the outside, parallel to the plane 122 ( 122 ') limiting the external cylindrical sector, a clearance j separating the planes 112 - 122 (112' - 122 ').

 For the final assembly, an external radial stress element is provided. In the embodiment chosen and shown, the external radial constraint element is a flange in the form of a prestressing tube or cylinder 40 whose internal diameter has a value twice (2R) of the radius R of the surface cylindrical outer of each of the outer cylindrical sectors 121, 121 '.

 To carry out the assembly, a force shown diagrammatically by the arrows F1 is exerted on each of the external cylindrical sectors 121, 121 ′ so that the assembly takes the form illustrated in FIG. 4. This structure is then introduced into the prestressing tube 40.

In the figure, this introduction is shown diagrammatically by the arrows F2.

The assembly is found in position as illustrated in phantom lines inside the prestressing cylinder.

 It will be understood that the force F1 exerted results in an elastic deformation of the cable strands 14 at the level of the ring 15, 15 ′ for anchoring the cable strands 14.

 In the embodiment chosen and shown, the dimensions of the internal cylindrical elements 11 and external 12 are those mentioned above. The pretensioning clearance j is of the order of a millimeter. Also, the deformation of the cable strands 14 is in this case, barely noticeable.

 Of course, it is possible to provide substantially greater prestresses taking into account the desired stiffnesses and assumed stresses.

 It can be seen that in the variant embodiment described in support of FIG. 6, the radial prestressing is exerted along a preferred axis, that shown diagrammatically by the arrows F1. This prestressing is effectively radial for the strands of cable 14 arranged directly above the arrows F1. On the other hand, for the strands of cable arranged in the vicinity of the diametrical planes 112, n2 ′, the "radial" aspect of the prestress decreases. If it is desired to have an effectively radial component of the prestressing on most of the strands, it is possible to divide the structure 10 into a greater number of sub-assemblies having, during assembly, an offset of the internal cylindrical element, by relative to the external cylindrical element.

 Finally, this variant has been described for a structure of the type of that of FIG. 4. It is possible to generate such a radial stress on any other structure in accordance with the invention and, in particular, those illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2, 3 , 5, 7 and 8.

 Of course the present invention is in no way limited to the embodiments-described and shown.

 Thus, the cylindrical or conical surfaces carrying the anchor points of the strands 14 on the interior or exterior element need not be homothetic. On the contrary in certain applications, it is desirable that this is not the case.

 In general, according to the invention, the cable strands 14 are arranged in a plane, which in particular makes it possible to limit the overall dimensions of the structure as much as possible and to control the stiffness along the different axes.

 Preferably the planes comprising cable strands are axial, that is to say that they comprise the common axis 17, 217 to the elements 11, 12, 211, 212.

 However, in certain applications, for example to give more flexibility to the structure in a direction having a radial component, it is possible to offset the plane of one, of several or of all the strands of cable, so that they are no longer axial, but simply parallel to the common axis 17, 217.

 Furthermore, in the embodiments described and shown in support of Figures 1 to 5, it is illustrated and described only anchors in a radial direction or in an axial direction. In other applications, it is possible to provide anchors in a direction, for example oblique.

 The material of the cable used in the embodiments described is steel, its diameter being 4 mm. In other applications, for example taking into account the desired stiffnesses, other materials and / or other diameters may be used.

 The same applies to the structure of the cable which may be arbitrary.

 Finally, the number of strands of cable can be arbitrary.

Claims (19)

 1. Elastic, anti-vibration structure of filter bearing-support, comprising two coaxial elements, one interior, the other exterior connected elastically by cable, characterized in that the elastic connection comprises a plurality of cable strands (14) anchored alternately on each of the elements (11, 12), and each arranged along a longitudinal plane parallel (II) to the common axis (17) of the two elements, the anchoring points (16) of the cable strands (14) on the internal element (11) being arranged on at least one ellipse situated in a transverse plane (30) to said axis (17), the anchoring points of the cable strands on the external element being arranged on at minus an ellipse (30) located in a plane transverse to said axis.  2. elastic coupling structure, characterized in that it comprises two coaxial cylindrical elements, one interior (11), the other exterior (12) connected .by a plurality of cable strands (14) anchored alternately on each elements (11, 12), and each arranged along a longitudinal plane parallel (II) to the common axis (17) of the two elements, the anchoring points (16) of the cable strands (14) on the element interior (11) being arranged on at least one ellipse located in a transverse plane (30) to said axis (17), the anchoring points of the cable strands on the exterior element being arranged on at least one ellipse (30) located in a plane transverse to said axis.  3. Articulation structure comprising two coaxial cylindrical elements, one interior, the other exterior, connected in an elastic manner, characterized in that the two elements (11, 12) are connected by a plurality of cable strands (14 ) anchored alternately on each of the elements (11, 12), and each arranged along a longitudinal plane parallel (II) to the common axis (17) of the two elements, the anchoring points (16) of the cable strands (14 ) on the inner element (11) being arranged on at least one ellipse located in a transverse plane (30) to said axis (17), the anchoring points of the cable strands on the outer element being arranged on at least one ellipse (30) located in a plane transverse to said axis.  4. Structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the anchoring points of the cable strands (14) on the outer element (12) are arranged on a cylindrical surface whose guide curve is said ellipse (30).  5. Structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the anchoring points of the cable strands (14) on the inner element (11) are arranged on a cylindrical surface whose guide curve is said ellipse (30).  6. Structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the anchoring points of the cable strands (14) on the external element (12) are arranged on a conical surface whose guide curve is said ellipse (30).  7. Structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the anchoring points of the cable strands (14) on the inner element (11) are arranged on a conical surface whose guide curve is said ellipse (30).  8. Structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at least one of the ellipses (30) defined on the inner (11) and outer (12) element is a circle.  9. Structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that said plane parallel to the common axis (17) comprises this axis.  10. Structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that each of the cable strands (14) is anchored (15, 16) on the inner element in an axial direction.  11. Structure according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that each of the cable strands (14) is anchored on the inner element in a radial direction.  12. Structure according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that each of the cable strands is anchored (19a, 19b) on the external element in an axial direction.  13. Structure according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that each of the cable strands (14) is anchored on the outer element in a radial direction.  14. Structure according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it is divided into a predetermined number of sub-assemblies (101, 101 ') and, for this purpose, the interior elements (11) and exterior (12) are each divided into an identical number of sectors respectively called exterior sector (121, 121 ') and interior sector (111, 111'), the subassemblies being constituted by coupling each interior sector to an exterior sector at means of at least one cable strand (14) anchored alternately on each of the sectors and arranged in a plane parallel to the common axis (17), the cable strands (14) being of such length that once mounted with the external sector considered, each internal sector has an offset (j) such that, to maintain assembling the structure (10), it is necessary to exert a radial force in at least one direction (F1) on the external cylindrical sectors, a means (40) being provided for this purpose.  15. Structure according to claim 14, characterized in that the internal and external sectors being respectively limited by at least one axial plane, said offset (j) is such that the plane (112, 112 ') limiting the internal cylindrical sector (111 , 111 ') is offset radially outward, parallel to the plane (122, 122') limit the external cylindrical sector (121, 121 ').  16. Structure according to any one of claims &, 15, characterized in that said radial constraint means comprises a prestressing flange (40) whose internal diameter (2R) corresponds to the external diameter of the external element, in which the external cylindrical elements (121, 121 ') are fitted.  17. Anti-vibration elastic support bearing comprising a structure (10) according to any one of claims 1, 4 to 16.  18. Anti-vibration elastic coupling comprising a structure (10) according to any one of claims 2, 4 to 16.  19. Elastic anti-vibration articulation comprising a structure (10) according to any one of claims 3 to 16.