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FR2613546A1 - Brush holder for electrical machines - Google Patents

Brush holder for electrical machines Download PDF

Info

Publication number
FR2613546A1
FR2613546A1 FR8704913A FR8704913A FR2613546A1 FR 2613546 A1 FR2613546 A1 FR 2613546A1 FR 8704913 A FR8704913 A FR 8704913A FR 8704913 A FR8704913 A FR 8704913A FR 2613546 A1 FR2613546 A1 FR 2613546A1
Authority
FR
France
Prior art keywords
brush
brush holder
gauge
holder according
wear
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
FR8704913A
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
FR2613546B1 (en
Inventor
Michel Chambon
Jean-Pierre Cinquin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ferraz SA
Original Assignee
Ferraz SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ferraz SA filed Critical Ferraz SA
Priority to FR8704913A priority Critical patent/FR2613546B1/en
Publication of FR2613546A1 publication Critical patent/FR2613546A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FR2613546B1 publication Critical patent/FR2613546B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/58Means structurally associated with the current collector for indicating condition thereof, e.g. for indicating brush wear

Landscapes

  • Motor Or Generator Current Collectors (AREA)

Abstract

In order to allow the continuous measurement of the degree of wear of the brush 2, a magnet 7 is included with the dog (catch) 4, while the stationary body 1 carries a Hall-effect gauge or the like which detects the variation in the magnetic field caused by the movement of the dog (catch) 4 due to the progressive wear of the brush 2.

Description

On sait que dans leur construction classique, les porte-balais associes aux moteurs et autres machines électriques tournantes sont constitués par l'assemblage de deux pièces principales, à savoir un corps fixe en forme de gaine apte à recevoir ln balai destiné à être appliqué contre le collecteur tournant de la machine envisagée, et un organe mobile de pression porté par le corps précité et agencé pour prendre élastiquement appui contre l'extremite extérieure du balai précité. It is known that in their conventional construction, the brush holders associated with motors and other rotating electrical machines consist of the assembly of two main parts, namely a fixed body in the form of a sheath capable of receiving a brush intended to be applied against the rotary collector of the envisaged machine, and a mobile pressure member carried by the aforementioned body and arranged to elastically bear against the outer end of the aforementioned brush.

Les balais sont généralement réalisés en une matière à base de graphite ou de carbone qui s'use de manière relativement rapide, alors qu'il faut évidemment éviter que les shunts ou autres éléments métalliques noyés dans chaque balai pour l'amenée du courant électrique ne viennent à un moment donné au contact du collecteur tournant. Aussi a-t-on proposé d'équiper les balais ou porte-balais de systèmes détecteurs d'usure propre à émettre un signal d'alarme lorsque l'usure atteint un certain seuil limite. The brushes are generally made of a material based on graphite or carbon which wears relatively quickly, while it is obviously necessary to avoid that the shunts or other metallic elements embedded in each brush for the supply of electric current at some point come into contact with the rotating collector. It has therefore been proposed to equip the brushes or brush holders with wear detector systems capable of emitting an alarm signal when wear reaches a certain limit threshold.

I1 convient cependant d'observer que ces dispositifs d'alarme ne fournissent une information que lorsqutil y a lieu de remplacer le balai envisagé et que même si l'on fixe le seuil détecté de façon ce que l'utilisateur dispose encore d'un certain temps pour opérer la substitution du balai usagé par un balai neuf, il n'en reste pas moins que lesdits dispositifs ne donnent qu'une seule information, non répétitive. Si ce système convient pour bon nombre d'applications, il se révèle insuffisant dans certains cas où l'utilisateur risque d'entre prévenu soit trop tôt en engendrant de la sorte un gaspillage de matière, soit trop tard en provoquant ltendommagement du collecteur. It should however be observed that these alarm devices only provide information when there is reason to replace the brush envisaged and that even if the detected threshold is fixed so that the user still has a certain time to operate the replacement of the used broom by a new broom, the fact remains that said devices give only one piece of information, not repetitive. If this system is suitable for a good number of applications, it proves to be insufficient in certain cases where the user risks being warned either too early by causing a waste of material in this way, or too late by causing damage to the collector.

C'est à cet inconvénient qu'entend remédier la présente invention, laquelle consiste essentiellement à faire comporter à l'une des deux pièces principales (corps et organe mobile de pression) un aimant ou autre source de flux magnétique et à l'autre une jauge propre à capter la variation progressive du champ provoquée par le déplacement de l'organe mobile de pression dû à l'usure du balai, l'information ainsi captée étant envoyée à un appareil agencé pour mesurer à tout moment le degré d'usure. It is to this drawback that the present invention intends to remedy, which essentially consists in making one of the two main parts (body and movable pressure member) have a magnet or other source of magnetic flux and the other a gauge suitable for capturing the progressive variation of the field caused by the displacement of the movable pressure member due to the wear of the brush, the information thus captured being sent to a device arranged to measure at any time the degree of wear.

Le dessin annexé, donné à titre d'exemple, permettra de mieux comprendre l'invention, les caractéristiques qu'elle présente et les avantages qu'elle est susceptible de procurer
Fig. 1 est une vue en perspective montrant un porte-balais établi conformément à l'invention.
The appended drawing, given by way of example, will allow a better understanding of the invention, the characteristics which it presents and the advantages which it is capable of providing.
Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing a brush holder established in accordance with the invention.

Fig. 2 en est la vue de côté correspondante. Fig. 2 is the corresponding side view.

Fig. 3 est une coupe à échelle agrandie de la jauge fixée sur le corps du porte-balais suivant fig. 1 et 2. Fig. 3 is a section on an enlarged scale of the gauge fixed to the body of the brush holder according to FIG. 1 and 2.

Fig. 4 illustre l'implantation d'une série de porte-balais suivant l'invention.  Fig. 4 illustrates the installation of a series of brush holders according to the invention.

En fig. 1 et 2, on a schématiquement représenté én 1 le corps du porte-balais, conformé de manière à recevoir à coulissement un balai classique 2. L'une des parois de ce corps 1 est agencée en la pour son montage sur un support approprié, tandis que la paroi opposée est solidaire d'une chape lb pourvue d'un axe transversal 3 pour la fixation articulée d'un organe de pression 4 en forme de chien. Le chien 4 est équipé d'une lame 5 profilée pour venir porter contre l'extrémité du balai 2 qui est tournée à l'opposé du collecteur, et ce sous l'effet d'un ressort 6 interposé entre ledit chien 4 et le corps 1. In fig. 1 and 2, schematically shown in 1 the body of the brush holder, shaped so as to receive slidingly a conventional brush 2. One of the walls of this body 1 is arranged in la for its mounting on a suitable support, while the opposite wall is integral with a yoke lb provided with a transverse axis 3 for the articulated fixing of a pressure member 4 in the shape of a dog. The dog 4 is equipped with a profiled blade 5 for coming to bear against the end of the brush 2 which is turned away from the collector, and this under the effect of a spring 6 interposed between said dog 4 and the body 1.

Ces dispositions sont bien connues en pratique et ne nécessitent donc pas une description plus détaillée. These arrangements are well known in practice and therefore do not require a more detailed description.

Conformément à l'invention, on a fixé contre la face extérieure de l'un des deux bras latéraux du chien 4 un petit aimant 7, tandis que contre la face intérieure de l'un des deux bras de la chape lb du corps 1, on a de la même manière rapporté une jauge 8/agencée pour capter les variations du champ magnétique induit par ledit aimant 7 par suite du déplacement angulaire du chien 4 par rapport au corps 1, lequel déplacement intervient du fait de l'usure progressive du balai 2 au cours du fonctionnement de la machine tournante envisagée. In accordance with the invention, a small magnet 7 has been fixed against the external face of one of the two lateral arms of the dog 4, while against the internal face of one of the two arms of the yoke lb of the body 1, in the same way, a gauge 8 / fitted to capture the variations of the magnetic field induced by said magnet 7 as a result of the angular displacement of the dog 4 relative to the body 1, which displacement occurs due to the progressive wear of the brush, has been reported. 2 during the operation of the rotary machine envisaged.

Cette jauge 8 peut être du type à effet HALL afin de détecter les variations dans la force électro-motrice induite par l'aimant 7. En variante, on peut avoir recours à une jauge de magnéto-résistance, sensible aux variations de champ qui provoquent une variation de la résistance ohmique de ce composant. Dans un cas comme dans l'autre, cette jauge 8 est reliée à un appareillage de mesure propre à mesurer la variation précitée et à afficher la valeur obtenue. This gauge 8 can be of the HALL effect type in order to detect the variations in the electro-motive force induced by the magnet 7. Alternatively, one can use a magneto-resistance gauge, sensitive to the field variations which cause a variation in the ohmic resistance of this component. In either case, this gauge 8 is connected to a measuring device suitable for measuring the aforementioned variation and for displaying the value obtained.

Sur le plan structurel, on peut avantageusement adopter la solution illustrée en fig. 3. Les composants électroniques 8a de la jauge 8 et leurs connexions avec les conducteurs électriques 8b sont noyés dans une masse isolante d'enrobage 8c qui est pourvue d'un goujon latéral 8d, apte à être introduit dans une perforation de la chape lb et à être aplati à chaud pour assurer sa retenue. Le même système est préférablement adopté pour la fixation de l'aimant 7, lequel se trouve maintenu dans un enrobage en forme de gaine, fixé contre l'un des bras du chien 4. Structurally, it is advantageous to adopt the solution illustrated in FIG. 3. The electronic components 8a of the gauge 8 and their connections with the electrical conductors 8b are embedded in an insulating coating 8c which is provided with a lateral stud 8d, capable of being introduced into a perforation of the yoke lb and to be flattened hot to ensure its retention. The same system is preferably adopted for fixing the magnet 7, which is held in a sheath-like coating, fixed against one of the arms of the dog 4.

Fig. 4 illustre très schématiquement le montage de quatre porte-balais 9 (simples ou multiples) autour du collecteur 10 d'une machine tournante. Chaque porte-balais 9 est fixé par sa partie la sur un support vertical 11 solidaire d'une couronne 12 montée dans la carcasse de la machine de façon à entourer le collecteur 10. Les. Fig. 4 illustrates very schematically the mounting of four brush holders 9 (single or multiple) around the manifold 10 of a rotary machine. Each brush holder 9 is fixed by its part 1a on a vertical support 11 integral with a crown 12 mounted in the carcass of the machine so as to surround the manifold 10. The.

conducteurs 8b de la jauge 8 de chaque porte-balais 9 aboutissent à un sélecteur 13 relié à l'appareillage électronique de mesure 14 pour l'affichage successif de l'usure de chacun des balais 2 de la machina.conductors 8b of the gauge 8 of each brush holder 9 lead to a selector 13 connected to the electronic measuring device 14 for the successive display of the wear of each of the brushes 2 of the machine.

L'on peut ainsi exercer'une surveillance permanente du degré d'usure des différents balais et intervenir au moment opportun pour leur remplacement. One can thus exercise a permanent monitoring of the degree of wear of the different brushes and intervene at the appropriate time for their replacement.

il va de soi que la disposition décrite ci-dessus et illustrée au dessin est susceptible d'être inversée, la jauge 8 étant alors portée par le chien 4 ou autre organe de pression tandis que l'aimant 7 est alors monté sur le corps fixe 1. On comprend en outre que l'invention est applicable aux porte-balais portés par des éléments mobiles en vue de coopérer avec des collecteurs en forme de rails fixes. it goes without saying that the arrangement described above and illustrated in the drawing is capable of being reversed, the gauge 8 then being carried by the dog 4 or other pressure member while the magnet 7 is then mounted on the fixed body 1. It is further understood that the invention is applicable to brush holders carried by movable elements in order to cooperate with collectors in the form of fixed rails.

il doit d'ailleurs être entendu que la description qui précède n'a été donnée qu'a titre d'exemple et quelle ne limite nullement le domaine de l'invention dont on ne sortirait pas en remplaçant les détails d'exécution décrits par tous autres équivalents.  it should moreover be understood that the foregoing description has been given only by way of example and which in no way limits the field of the invention from which one would not depart by replacing the execution details described by all other equivalents.

Claims (5)

REVENDICATIONS 1. Porte-balais pour machines électriques, du genre comprenant deux pièces principales dont l'une (1) est constituée par un corps en forme de gaine propre à recevoir à coulissement le balai (2) tandis que l'autre (4) est formée par un organe mobile de pression agencé pour prendre élastiquement appui contre l'extrémité extérieure dudit balai (2), caractérisé en ce que l'une de ces pièces principales (1, 4) porte une source de flux magnétique (7), l'autre une jauge (8) propre à capter la variation progressive du champ provoquée par le déplacement de l'organe mobile (4) du à l'usure du balai (2), l'information ainsi captée étant envoyée à un appareillage (14) pour la mesure du degré d'usure de ce balai. 1. Brush holder for electric machines, of the kind comprising two main parts, one of which (1) is constituted by a sheath-shaped body suitable for slidingly receiving the brush (2) while the other (4) is formed by a mobile pressure member arranged to bear elastically against the outer end of said brush (2), characterized in that one of these main parts (1, 4) carries a source of magnetic flux (7), l other a gauge (8) adapted to capture the progressive variation of the field caused by the displacement of the movable member (4) due to the wear of the brush (2), the information thus captured being sent to an apparatus (14 ) to measure the degree of wear of this brush. 2. Porte-balais suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la source de flux magnétique est constituée par un petit aimant (7). 2. Brush holder according to claim 1, characterized in that the source of magnetic flux consists of a small magnet (7). 3. Porte-balais suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que la jauge (8) est du type à effet HALL. 3. Brush holder according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the gauge (8) is of the HALL effect type. 4. Porte-balais suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que la jauge (8) est constituée par un composant dont la résistance ohmique varie en fonction du champ magnétique. 4. Brush holder according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the gauge (8) consists of a component whose ohmic resistance varies depending on the magnetic field. 5. Porte-balais suivant l'une quelconque des revendications qui précèdent, caractérisé en ce que la jauge (8) et/ou la source magnétique (7) sont enrobées à l'intérieur d'une masse de matière isolante (8c) pourvue d'un goujon latéral (8d) apte à etre introduit dans une perforation pratiquée dans la pièce (1, 4) formant support.  5. Brush holder according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gauge (8) and / or the magnetic source (7) are coated inside a mass of insulating material (8c) provided a lateral stud (8d) capable of being introduced into a perforation made in the part (1, 4) forming a support.
FR8704913A 1987-04-03 1987-04-03 BRUSH HOLDER FOR ELECTRIC MACHINES Expired - Lifetime FR2613546B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8704913A FR2613546B1 (en) 1987-04-03 1987-04-03 BRUSH HOLDER FOR ELECTRIC MACHINES

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8704913A FR2613546B1 (en) 1987-04-03 1987-04-03 BRUSH HOLDER FOR ELECTRIC MACHINES

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
FR2613546A1 true FR2613546A1 (en) 1988-10-07
FR2613546B1 FR2613546B1 (en) 1992-12-04

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0360197A2 (en) * 1988-09-21 1990-03-28 Schunk Metall und Kunststoff GmbH Brush holder
WO1996027925A1 (en) * 1995-03-07 1996-09-12 The Whitaker Corporation Electrical motor assembly and contact for use therewith
US7969059B2 (en) * 2008-02-20 2011-06-28 Bodine Electric Company Brush assembly having a brush wear detector and indicator for a D.C. motor
EP2071681A3 (en) * 2007-12-13 2012-03-28 Alstom Technology Ltd Device for monitoring brushes, especially slip ring or commutator brushes, on electric machines
FR2984629A1 (en) * 2011-12-14 2013-06-21 Bosch Gmbh Robert ELECTRIC MACHINE OF A MOTOR VEHICLE
CN109983635A (en) * 2016-11-23 2019-07-05 宝马股份公司 Carbon brush abrasion measuring device
US11050205B2 (en) * 2015-06-01 2021-06-29 Cutsforth, Inc. Brush wear and vibration monitoring
US11211757B2 (en) 2018-10-04 2021-12-28 Cutsforth, Inc. System and method for monitoring the status of one or more components of an electrical machine
US11355991B2 (en) 2018-10-04 2022-06-07 Cutsforth, Inc. System and method for monitoring the status of one or more components of an electrical machine

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105333807A (en) * 2015-11-20 2016-02-17 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 Generator monitoring system

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2092390A (en) * 1981-01-30 1982-08-11 Sbw Engineers Ltd Detecting component wear
EP0113836A2 (en) * 1982-12-21 1984-07-25 BROWN, BOVERI & CIE Aktiengesellschaft Mannheim Brush wear controlling device

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2092390A (en) * 1981-01-30 1982-08-11 Sbw Engineers Ltd Detecting component wear
EP0113836A2 (en) * 1982-12-21 1984-07-25 BROWN, BOVERI & CIE Aktiengesellschaft Mannheim Brush wear controlling device

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0360197A2 (en) * 1988-09-21 1990-03-28 Schunk Metall und Kunststoff GmbH Brush holder
EP0360197A3 (en) * 1988-09-21 1990-10-03 Schunk Metall Und Kunststoff Gmbh Brush holder
WO1996027925A1 (en) * 1995-03-07 1996-09-12 The Whitaker Corporation Electrical motor assembly and contact for use therewith
US5915988A (en) * 1995-03-07 1999-06-29 The Whitaker Corporation Contact for electrical motors
EP2071681A3 (en) * 2007-12-13 2012-03-28 Alstom Technology Ltd Device for monitoring brushes, especially slip ring or commutator brushes, on electric machines
US7969059B2 (en) * 2008-02-20 2011-06-28 Bodine Electric Company Brush assembly having a brush wear detector and indicator for a D.C. motor
FR2984629A1 (en) * 2011-12-14 2013-06-21 Bosch Gmbh Robert ELECTRIC MACHINE OF A MOTOR VEHICLE
US11050205B2 (en) * 2015-06-01 2021-06-29 Cutsforth, Inc. Brush wear and vibration monitoring
CN109983635A (en) * 2016-11-23 2019-07-05 宝马股份公司 Carbon brush abrasion measuring device
US11211757B2 (en) 2018-10-04 2021-12-28 Cutsforth, Inc. System and method for monitoring the status of one or more components of an electrical machine
US11355991B2 (en) 2018-10-04 2022-06-07 Cutsforth, Inc. System and method for monitoring the status of one or more components of an electrical machine
US11616413B2 (en) 2018-10-04 2023-03-28 Cutsforth, Inc. System and method for monitoring the status of one or more components of an electrical machine
US11949314B2 (en) 2018-10-04 2024-04-02 Cutsforth, Inc. System and method for monitoring the status of one or more components of an electrical machine
US12003067B2 (en) 2018-10-04 2024-06-04 Cutsforth, Inc. System and method for monitoring the status of one or more components of an electrical machine

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Publication number Publication date
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