FR2669957A1 - Method for the positioning of rectangular tiles on a facade, and rail profile for carrying out this method - Google Patents

Abstract

a) Method for positioning rectangular tiles on a facade, and rail profile for carrying out this method. b) Method characterised in that the two horizontal edges (12, 13) of the tiles (3) are equipped with a continuous groove (11) extending over their entire length, pins (8), in particular pins made of a synthetic material, such as polyamide, being used to fix directly on the bearing structure (1) a support framework consisting of a horizontal network of rail profiles (4, 5), whose distance corresponds to the dimensions of the tiles (3), the rail profiles (4, 5) comprising at least one vertical wing (401, 402, 501) capable of cooperating with the grooved edges (12, 13) of the tiles (3), and the latter being placed on the support framework by engaging their lower edge (12) on the vertical wings, each of the rail profiles (4, 5) thus supporting a horizontal row of tiles (3).

Description

"Method for laying rectangular slabs on a facade as well as heald profile for the implementation of this process"
The present invention relates to a method for laying rectangular tiles, in particular stone or reconstituted material, side by side, without overlap, on a facade, especially a vertical facade.

 In recent decades, and in order to "revive" the construction industry, attempts have been made to rationalize the construction of buildings, in particular individual houses, as much as possible in order to lower their cost price, and consequently make their possible acquisition for a larger number.

 To this end, traditional stone facades are more and more often replaced by plasters with questionable aesthetic qualities.

 To remedy this drawback, paving slabs have been developed whose appearance is closer to that of stone. These slabs, if they are satisfactory from the aesthetic point of view and from the point of view of resistance to aging and weathering, however require for their installation the implementation of relatively long and inconvenient processes requiring the establishment and fixing preliminary on the supporting structure of a support frame constituted by rafters and battens. This need greatly increases the cost of construction.

 In an attempt to lower the latter, a method has already been proposed, in particular in accordance with document FR 87 05 606, making it possible to mount the slabs on a support frame constituted by vertical rafters themselves fixed to the support structure, this method, which has the advantage of making it possible to dispense with the use of battens, cannot however always be used in a completely satisfactory manner, in particular taking into account the fact that its implementation requires the use of hooks with claws of a particular type whose attachment can be relatively long and therefore costly to use.

 The object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks by proposing a method of the above type capable of being able to be implemented in a particularly quick and simple manner, and at the same time offering the advantage of requiring only one hand. 'little work and little specialized.

 This process is characterized in that the two horizontal edges of the slabs are provided with a continuous groove extending over their entire length, it is fixed directly to the support structure, by means of dowels, in particular dowels in one synthetic material such as polyamide, a support frame formed by a horizontal network of heald profiles whose distance corresponds to the dimensions of the slabs, the heald profiles comprising at least one vertical fin capable of cooperating with the grooved edges of the slabs, and places these on the support frame by threading their bottom edge on the vertical fins, each of the heald profiles thus supporting a horizontal row of slabs.

 This method has the advantage of being able to be advantageously used for laying conventional stone slabs, as well as for slabs of lower cost, in particular made from a concrete of siliceous aggregates and / or slate. , mineral dyes, polyester resins and adjuvants necessary for polymerization.

 The machining of the slabs necessary to obtain the grooves is mainly carried out in the factory or on the site, and can therefore be carried out at low cost.

 According to the invention, the facade is coated from the bottom up: in fact, a first heald profile is firstly fixed to the lower part of the facade, then a first row of tiles is laid on this profile . A second heald profile is then fixed on this first row; for this purpose, the latter is inserted by a vertical fin in the grooving of the upper edge of the slabs, then the ankles are put in place in the supporting structure before final fixing by means of the screws; it then only remains to place on this second profile a second row of tiles and to repeat the operation until the entire facade is covered.

 According to the invention, this facade can be constituted by a new or old wall, whether or not provided with an exterior coating, or, which is less conventional, a wall associated with an exterior insulator fixed in particular by gluing and which can itself be even coated with a thin coating.

 This configuration, by which the support frame is fixed to the support structure by means of dowels and screws passing through an insulation already in place, constitutes a particularly advantageous characteristic of the method according to the invention according to the prior art. , it was indeed compulsory to have recourse to a vertical primary framework having to be put in place before the insulation, and consequently obliging to carry out, to allow the laying of the latter, long and inconvenient cutting operations.

 The invention also relates to a particular heald profile designed so as to allow the implementation of the invention.

 According to the general configuration thereof, this heald profile has the shape of an H with unequal wings and comprises two vertical wings and two vertical fins separated by a horizontal branch, the two vertical wings being intended to bear on the facade to be coated to allow the profile to be fixed while the two vertical fins are intended to cooperate with the grooved edges of the slabs.

 This configuration in fact corresponds to the so-called common beams covering almost the entire facade; there is nevertheless a particular configuration, corresponding to the heald profiles, intended for the reception of the lower row of slabs which is generally called the seat heald, this in fact has the shape of a U with unequal wings, the wing lower vertical and the lower vertical fin, located below the horizontal branch having a zero length.

 These heald profiles are, almost generally, made of a light metal alloy, such as for example aluminum.

 According to another characteristic of the invention, the upper wing of the heald profile is provided with a row of perforations about 30 to 60 centimeters apart depending on the dimensions of the slabs, and allowing the passage of the dowels as well as the screws fixing the profile on the facade to be coated.

 The diameter of these perforations is in the general case of the order of 10 mm. It should be specified that the seat rails corresponding to the start of coating in the case of sharp edges (lintels of bays for example) must be fixed at a sufficient height (in particular greater than 3 cm) relative to this edge to avoid reinforcement of the concrete and guarantee a secure fixing of the anchors taking into account the risks of breakage of the edge; for this reason it is preferable that the perforations of the seat rails are located significantly higher with respect to the horizontal branch than the perforations of the common rails; consequently, the upper wings of the seat rails are longer than the corresponding wings of the common rails.

 According to another characteristic of the invention, the upper wing of the heald profiles comprises two longitudinal reinforcing rods of triangular section located on either side of the perforations; these rods act as support elements for the collar of the dowels, in particular dowels made of synthetic material used for fixing the profile to the facade to be coated.

 During the implementation of the process according to the invention, one of the main problems encountered is linked to the need to evacuate to the outside of the coating the water of accidental condensation or infiltration. The heald profile according to the invention is provided with various elements cooperating to allow efficient channeling of these waters.

 Among these elements, we can note circular cutouts provided on the upper fin of the heald profile and cooperating with countersinks in the form of cylinder elements provided on the upper face of the horizontal branch, preferably in the axis of the perforations. to allow evacuation of parasitic condensation and infiltration water.

 The role of circular cutouts is in fact twofold: they serve in parallel to allow the passage of the mandrels of the drills and screwdrivers necessary for the installation in the load-bearing structure of the dowels and of the screws for fixing the profiles.

 According to another characteristic of the invention, the circular cutouts and the countersinks cooperate with an oblique longitudinal tongue, provided behind the latter, on the upper face of the horizontal branch to facilitate the channeling towards the outside of the abovementioned accidental waters.

 According to another characteristic of the invention, the heald profile comprises an external longitudinal deflection tongue directed obliquely downward and situated in front of the vertical fins.

 This deflection tongue takes part in the elimination of parasitic water, but mainly cooperates with a positioning tongue provided on the rear face of the lower fin intended to receive the upper edge of the slabs perpendicular to the latter to facilitate the mounting of the heald profiles.

 Indeed, during this mounting, the deflection tongue and the positioning tongue define two support points abutting against the upper edges of the row of slabs placed immediately below; this simple support of the heald on the slabs makes it possible to obtain a good adjustment perpendicular to the vertical plane of the latter and to avoid any tilting of the heald forwards or backwards.

 It should be noted that the deflection tongue and the positioning tongue preferably have a small thickness of the order of 0.5 mm corresponding to a sufficiently low rigidity to allow them to rupture by shearing under the effect of stresses due to the expansion in height of the slabs; it is thus possible to avoid the use of a laying template when mounting the tiles.

The characteristics of the process as well as of the heald profile which are the subject of the invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in which
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the method according to the invention,
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a support structure covered with slabs by the implementation of the method according to the invention,
FIG. 3 is a detailed section showing the fixing of the slabs by means of a running rail,
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a seat rail,
- Figures 5 and 6 are respectively perspective views of a running rail and a seat rail.

 - Figures 7 and 8 are schematic sections taken at the upper row of tiles.

 According to FIG. 1, the invention makes it possible to fix rows of rectangular slabs 3 on the surface of a support structure 1 on which is insulated an insulator 2 of thickness e. According to the figure, the tiles 3 are arranged with a discontinuous vertical joint; this configuration is, of course, not limiting of the invention and the slabs 3 could just as easily be arranged with a vertical threaded joint.

 A support frame, constituted by a horizontal network of heald sections 4, 5 the distance h of which corresponds to the dimensions of the slabs 3, is directly fixed to the support structure 1 and makes it possible to position the slabs 3 in a manner which will be described more in detail later in this talk.

 Among the heald sections, a distinction is made between the seat healds 5 shown in more detail in FIGS. 4 and 6 and the standard healds 4 shown in more detail in FIGS. 2, 3 and 5.

 According to FIG. 1, the seat rails 5 correspond to the departures of the covering (base of the cladding, resumption of the cladding above the bay lintels, etc.) and only provide the attachment to the base of the slabs 3; the standard beams 4 correspond to the intermediate beams positioned in the current part of the cladding and ensure the fixing at the top and bottom of the slabs 3.

 According to Figure 3, the common beams 4 have an H-shaped section with uneven wings; they comprise two vertical wings 4-, 42, and two vertical fins 40r, 402 separated by a horizontal branch 40 having a length 1 of the order of 30 min.

 According to Figures 2, 3 and 5, the vertical wings 4r, 42 bear on the structure 1, 2 to be coated; the upper wing 41 is provided with a row of circular perforations 6 distant from about 30 to 60 cm depending on the dimensions of the slabs 3 only one of these perforations has been shown in FIG. 5 for the sake of clarity.

 The perforations 6 allow the passage and the fixing, in the supporting structure 1, through the insulation 2, of polyamide dowels 8 and of fixing screws 9 of great length (FIG. 2).

 According to Figure 3, two longitudinal reinforcing rods 7, 7 'of triangular section are located on either side of the line of perforations 6 and act as support elements for the flange 10 of the pins 23, as shown in figure 2.

For the sake of clarity, the reinforcing rods 7, 7 ′ have not been shown in FIG. 1.

 According to Figures 2 and 3, the vertical fins 401, 402 cooperate with grooves 11 provided for this purpose on the two horizontal edges of the slabs 3. The latter rest on the horizontal branch 40 by their lower edge 12, and are maintained at the level of their upper edge 13 by virtue of the lower fins 402. An external longitudinal deflection tongue 14 directed obliquely downwards as well as a longitudinal positioning tongue 15 located on the rear face of the lower wing 402, perpendicular to the latter, cooperate to facilitate the installation of the coating, in a manner which will be described in more detail in the remainder of this description.

 Furthermore, and according to FIGS. 1, 3 and 5, the upper fin 401 is provided with circular cutouts 16 situated in the axis of the perforations 6.

According to Figures 3 and 5, these cutouts 16 cooperate with countersinks 17 in the form of cylinder elements provided on the upper face of the horizontal branch 40 to allow one evacuation to the outside of the condensation water and infiltration.

 An oblique longitudinal tongue 18, not shown in FIG. 5 but visible in FIGS. 2 and 3, is furthermore located behind the millings 17 to facilitate the channeling of the abovementioned waters.

 According to Figures 1, 4 and 6, the seat rails 5, intended to receive the lower row of tiles 3, have a particular configuration linked to the fact that they do not have to serve as a support for the upper grooved edge 13 of a row of tiles.

For this reason, these heddles 5 have neither lower wings nor lower fins: they therefore have the shape of a U with unequal wings constituted by an upper vertical wing 51 of great length and by an upper vertical fin 5 1 of considerably larger dimension. low. The wing 51 and the fin 50 are connected by a horizontal branch 50.

 In a similar manner to the common rails 4, the wing 51 of the seat rails 5 is provided with a row of perforations 6 'allowing the passage of the members 8, 9 for fixing the profile to the support structure 1; two longitudinal rods 71, 7t1 are located on either side of the perforations 6 'and are intended to receive the flange 10 of the fixing pins 8.

 To meet the aforementioned requirements linked in particular to the need to guarantee a secure fixing of the pins 8, the distance a 'of perforations 6' to the horizontal branch 50 is significantly greater than the distance corresponding to perforations 6 to the horizontal branch 40 in the case of running rails 4. For this reason, the length of the wing 51 of the running rails 5 is significantly greater than the length of the upper wing 41 of running rails 4, and even to the sum of the lengths of the two. wings 41 and 42. For example, use has been made of seat rails, the wing 5 of which has a length of the order of 85 mm, and standard rails, the sum of the lengths of the wings upper 41 and lower 42 is of the order of 55 mm. The length 1 of the horizontal branches 40 and 50 is, of course, equal in both cases and of the order of 30 mm.

 According to Figures 4 and 6, the fin 501 of the seat rails 5 is also also provided with circular cutouts 16 'located in the axis of the perforations 6' and cooperating with countersinks 17 'in the form of cylinder elements provided on the horizontal branch 50 to allow the discharge to the outside of the parasitic water. An oblique longitudinal tongue 18 ′, not shown in FIG. 6, makes it possible to facilitate the channeling of these waters towards the elements 16 ′, 17 ′ and then outwards.

According to Figures 1 and 2, the implementation of the method of laying slabs 3 is carried out as follows
The horizontal edges 12, 13 of the slabs 3 are previously provided, at the factory, with a continuous groove 11 extending over their entire length, and are delivered directly to the site provided with these grooves 11.

 To implement the method, first of all a seat rail 5 is fixed to the lower part of the facade to be coated; for this purpose, the pegs 8 are put in place through the perforations 6 'after having previously drilled corresponding to the diameter of these pegs in the support structure 1 and in the insulation 2. I1 then remains only at position the screws 9. It should be noted that the circular cutouts 16 'provided in the tongue 50 allow the chucks of the drills and screwdrivers necessary for this positioning to pass.

 When the seat rail 5 has been fixed, the tiles 3 of the first row are positioned thereon; for this purpose, the grooved lower edge 12 of each slab is threaded onto the vertical fin 50r, and the slabs are thus placed side by side until the entire heald 5 is covered. There is normally no provision for a lateral retaining member for the slabs which simply rest on the stringer 5. It should however be noted that, at the request of the project managers, the vertical joints between the slabs 3 may be exceptionally open , this opening being generally equal to the value of the horizontal joint, i.e. approximately 3 mm. In a manner not shown, it is in this case arranged on the beams, at the base of the slabs 3 of so-called spacers which laterally prevent slipping. slabs 3 which could be created by the action of wind or vibrations (traffic or other) recorded on the facade.

 When the lower row of slabs 3 has thus been put in place on the facade, the workers undertake the fixing of the lower running beam 4. For this purpose, they start by positioning the latter by inserting its lower fin 402 in the upper edge 13 grooved slabs 3 resting on the seat rail 5; the deflection tongue 14 and the positioning tongue 15 then act as stops and allow good positioning of the heald 4 perpendicularly to the vertical plane of the slabs 3, avoiding any tilting forwards or backwards of this heald .

 The workers in charge of the covering then fix the seat rail 4 in the support structure 1 by means of dowels 8 and screws 9 in a manner similar to that used for fixing the seat rail 5; they then put in place the slabs 3 of the second row by positioning them by their grooved lower horizontal edge 12 on the upper fin 401 of the stringer, again, in a similar manner to that used for the slabs 3 of the first row. A second running rail 4 is then placed above the second row of tiles 3 and the operation is continued until the entire facade is covered with tiles.

 The finish at the upper row of tiles 3 can correspond to different variants, two of which are shown in FIGS. 7 and 8.

 According to Figure 7, the slabs 3 are provided at their upper part with a hole 21 allowing their attachment to a cleat 19 by means of a screw 20 the cleat 19 is itself fixed to the supporting structure 1 by means of a screw 22. The thickness of the cleat 19 corresponds to the dimensions of the horizontal branch 40 of the heddles 4 and makes it possible to compensate for the vacuum existing between the slabs and the support structure 1. A metallic covering element 23 makes it possible to hide the heads of the screws 20.

 According to FIG. 8, the slabs 3 are held at their upper part by a metal element 24 in the form of a clamp comprising a first branch 25 by which it bears elastically against the external face of the slab 3 and a second branch 26 by which it is fixed to the support structure 1 by means of a screw 27. A covering element 29 makes it possible to hide the clamp 24. I1 it should be noted that the shape as well as the dimensions of the latter must be adapted to compensate for the space corresponding to the horizontal branch 40 of the heddles 4 existing between the slabs 3 and the supporting structure 1.

 Of course, other specific elements could be provided, in particular bent slabs intended to be placed at the corners without thereby departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (1)

CLAIMS 1-) Method for laying rectangular slabs, in particular in stone or in reconstituted material, side by side, without covering, on a facade, in particular a vertical facade, method characterized in that the two horizontal edges are provided (12 , 13) slabs (3) of a continuous groove (11) extending over their entire length, is fixed directly to the support structure (1), by means of pins (8), in particular pins in one synthetic material such as polyamide, a support frame constituted by a horizontal network of heald profiles (4, 5) the distance of which corresponds to the dimensions of the slabs (3), the heald profiles (4, 5) comprising at least one fin vertical (40i, 402, 50,) capable of cooperating with the grooved edges (12,  13) of the slabs (3), and the latter are placed on the support frame by threading their lower edge (12) on the vertical fins, each of the heddle profiles (4, 5) thus supporting a horizontal row of slabs (3 ).  2-) Method according to claim 1, characterized in that a first heald profile (5) is fixed to the lower part of the facade to be coated, a first row of tiles (3) is placed on this profile (5 ), then a second heald profile is fixed by inserting it by a vertical fin (402) into the grooved upper edges (13) of the slabs (3) of the first row, one places on this second heald profile (4) a second row of tiles (3), and so on until the entire facade is covered with tiles (3).  30) Method according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that one fixes the support frame by means of pins (8) and screws (9) passing through an insulator (2).  4) heald profile for implementing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it has the shape of an H with unequal wings and comprises two vertical wings (4a, 42, 51 , 52) and two vertical fins (40, 402, 501) separated by a horizontal branch (40, 50), the two vertical wings (4r, 42, 51, 52) being intended to rest on the facade to be coated to allow fixing the profile while the two vertical fins (40, 402, 50i) are intended to cooperate with the grooved edges (12, 13) of the slabs (3).  50) A heald profile according to claim 4, intended for receiving the lower row of slabs (3), characterized in that it has the shape of a U with unequal wings, the lower vertical wing and the fin lower vertical, located below the horizontal branch (50) having zero length.  60) heald profile according to any one of claims 4 and 5, characterized in that the upper wing (4, 51) is provided with a row of perforations (6, 6 ') distant from about 30 to 60 centimeters, depending on the dimensions of the slabs (3), and allowing the passage of the dowels (8) and the screws (9) for fixing the profile (4, 5) on the facade to be coated.  70) A heald profile according to claim 6, characterized in that the upper wing (4, 51) comprises two longitudinal reinforcing strips (7, 7 ', 7a, 7t1) of triangular section located on either side of the perforations (6, 6 ') and acting as support elements for the flange (10) of the dowels (8), in particular of the dowels of synthetic material used for fixing the profile (4, 5) on the facade to be coated .  8) heald profile according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the upper fin (40, 501) is provided with circular cutouts (16, 16 ') cooperating with countersinks (17, 17') in the form of cylinder elements provided on the upper face of the horizontal branch (40, 50), preferably in the axis of the perforations (6, 6 ') to allow the evacuation of the condensation water to the outside and any infiltration water.  90) heald profile according to claim 8, characterized in that the horizontal branch (40, 50) is provided on its upper face with an oblique longitudinal tongue (18, 18 ') located behind the millings (17, 17' ) to facilitate the channeling to the latter of condensed water and any infiltration water.  l0) heald profile according to any one of claims 4 to 9, characterized in that it comprises an external longitudinal deflection tongue (14) directed obliquely downward and located in front of the vertical fins (401).  11 ") heald profile according to claim 10, characterized in that the deflection tongue (14) cooperates with a positioning tongue (15) provided on the rear face of the lower fin (402) intended to receive the upper edge (13) slabs (3), perpendicular to them to facilitate the mounting of the heald profiles (4).