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FR2642435B1 - Additif de viscosite pour huiles lubrifiantes, son procede de preparation et compositions lubrifiantes a base dudit additif - Google Patents

Additif de viscosite pour huiles lubrifiantes, son procede de preparation et compositions lubrifiantes a base dudit additif

Info

Publication number
FR2642435B1
FR2642435B1 FR8900992A FR8900992A FR2642435B1 FR 2642435 B1 FR2642435 B1 FR 2642435B1 FR 8900992 A FR8900992 A FR 8900992A FR 8900992 A FR8900992 A FR 8900992A FR 2642435 B1 FR2642435 B1 FR 2642435B1
Authority
FR
France
Prior art keywords
additive
preparation
lubricating oils
compositions based
lubricant compositions
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
FR8900992A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
FR2642435A1 (fr
Inventor
Gabillet Philippe
Willemin Claudie
Chauvel Bernard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ORGANO SYNTHESE STE FSE
Original Assignee
ORGANO SYNTHESE STE FSE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to FR8900992A priority Critical patent/FR2642435B1/fr
Application filed by ORGANO SYNTHESE STE FSE filed Critical ORGANO SYNTHESE STE FSE
Priority to ES90400097T priority patent/ES2055349T3/es
Priority to AT90400097T priority patent/ATE104332T1/de
Priority to DE69007995T priority patent/DE69007995T2/de
Priority to EP90400097A priority patent/EP0380383B1/fr
Priority to DK90400097.3T priority patent/DK0380383T3/da
Priority to CA002008630A priority patent/CA2008630C/fr
Priority to US07/470,599 priority patent/US5108635A/en
Publication of FR2642435A1 publication Critical patent/FR2642435A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FR2642435B1 publication Critical patent/FR2642435B1/fr
Priority to SG157194A priority patent/SG157194G/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M161/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/04—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M129/10—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M133/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M133/12—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C10M135/02—Sulfurised compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M143/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation
    • C10M143/04—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation containing propene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M145/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M145/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
    • C10M145/12—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate monocarboxylic
    • C10M145/14—Acrylate; Methacrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M149/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M149/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M149/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a nitrogen-containing hetero ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M157/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more macromolecular compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M143/00 - C10M155/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M157/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more macromolecular compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M143/00 - C10M155/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M157/04—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more macromolecular compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M143/00 - C10M155/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a nitrogen-containing compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/024—Propene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/027—Neutral salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
    • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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    • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
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    • C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
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    • C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
    • C10M2215/065—Phenyl-Naphthyl amines
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    • C10M2215/066—Arylene diamines
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    • C10M2215/067—Polyaryl amine alkanes
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    • C10M2215/068—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having amino groups bound to polycyclic aromatic ring systems, i.e. systems with three or more condensed rings
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    • C10M2215/26—Amines
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    • C10M2217/028—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a nitrogen-containing hetero ring
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    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by functionalisation op polymers with a nitrogen containing compound
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    • C10M2219/088—Neutral salts
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    • C10M2219/089—Overbased salts
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
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    • C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
    • C10N2070/02—Concentrating of additives

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  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
FR8900992A 1989-01-27 1989-01-27 Additif de viscosite pour huiles lubrifiantes, son procede de preparation et compositions lubrifiantes a base dudit additif Expired - Fee Related FR2642435B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8900992A FR2642435B1 (fr) 1989-01-27 1989-01-27 Additif de viscosite pour huiles lubrifiantes, son procede de preparation et compositions lubrifiantes a base dudit additif
AT90400097T ATE104332T1 (de) 1989-01-27 1990-01-15 Schmieroelviskositaetsadditiv, verfahren zu seiner herstellung und dieses enthaltende schmiermittelzusammensetzungen.
DE69007995T DE69007995T2 (de) 1989-01-27 1990-01-15 Schmierölviskositätsadditiv, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und dieses enthaltende Schmiermittelzusammensetzungen.
EP90400097A EP0380383B1 (fr) 1989-01-27 1990-01-15 Additif de viscosité pour huiles lubrifiantes, son procédé de préparation et compositions lubrifiantes à base dudit additif
ES90400097T ES2055349T3 (es) 1989-01-27 1990-01-15 Aditivo de viscosidad para aceites lubricantes, su procedimiento de preparacion y composiciones lubricantes a base de dicho aditivo.
DK90400097.3T DK0380383T3 (da) 1989-01-27 1990-01-15 Viskositetsadditiv til smøreolier, fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af et sådant additiv samt smøremiddelsammensætning indeholdende additivet
CA002008630A CA2008630C (fr) 1989-01-27 1990-01-26 Additif de viscosite pour huiles lubrifiantes, son procede de preparation et compositions lubrifiantes a base dudit additif
US07/470,599 US5108635A (en) 1989-01-27 1990-01-26 Viscosity additive for lubricating oils, process for its preparation and lubricating compositions based on the said additive
SG157194A SG157194G (en) 1989-01-27 1994-10-25 Lubricating oil viscosity additive method for preparing such an additive and lubricating compositions comprising the same

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8900992A FR2642435B1 (fr) 1989-01-27 1989-01-27 Additif de viscosite pour huiles lubrifiantes, son procede de preparation et compositions lubrifiantes a base dudit additif

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
FR2642435A1 FR2642435A1 (fr) 1990-08-03
FR2642435B1 true FR2642435B1 (fr) 1994-02-11

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FR8900992A Expired - Fee Related FR2642435B1 (fr) 1989-01-27 1989-01-27 Additif de viscosite pour huiles lubrifiantes, son procede de preparation et compositions lubrifiantes a base dudit additif

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US5108635A (fr)
EP (1) EP0380383B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE104332T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2008630C (fr)
DE (1) DE69007995T2 (fr)
DK (1) DK0380383T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2055349T3 (fr)
FR (1) FR2642435B1 (fr)
SG (1) SG157194G (fr)

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US5217636A (en) * 1992-03-10 1993-06-08 Albright & Wilson Americas Inc. Lubricating oil viscosity index improver composition
US5969068A (en) * 1995-06-19 1999-10-19 The Lubrizol Corporation Dispersant-viscosity improvers for lubricating oil compositions
US5821313A (en) 1995-06-19 1998-10-13 The Lubrizol Corporation Dispersant-viscosity improvers for lubricating oil compositions
AU4814097A (en) * 1996-11-13 1998-06-03 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Lubricating oil formulations with improved low temperature performance
CN1104487C (zh) * 1997-08-22 2003-04-02 罗麦斯添加剂有限公司 使用高和低分子量的聚合物添加剂混合物来改进润滑油的低温流动性的方法
IT1298008B1 (it) * 1997-12-19 1999-12-20 Annovi E Reverberi S R L Lancia di lavaggio ad ugello rotante
US6124249A (en) 1998-12-22 2000-09-26 The Lubrizol Corporation Viscosity improvers for lubricating oil compositions
US6303548B2 (en) 1998-12-11 2001-10-16 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Partly synthetic multigrade crankcase lubricant
JP2004525231A (ja) * 2001-04-11 2004-08-19 ザ　ルブリゾル　コーポレイション オレフィン共重合体およびアクリル酸エステル共重合体を含有する潤滑剤
US20030171223A1 (en) * 2002-01-31 2003-09-11 Winemiller Mark D. Lubricating oil compositions with improved friction properties
US20030236177A1 (en) * 2002-03-05 2003-12-25 Wu Margaret May-Som Novel lubricant blend composition
US8318993B2 (en) 2002-03-05 2012-11-27 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Lubricant blend composition
US20040132629A1 (en) * 2002-03-18 2004-07-08 Vinci James N. Lubricants containing olefin copolymer and acrylate copolymer
DE102004021778A1 (de) * 2004-04-30 2005-12-08 Rohmax Additives Gmbh Verwendung von Polyalkyl(meth)acrylaten in Schmierölzusammensetzungen
US20070191242A1 (en) * 2004-09-17 2007-08-16 Sanjay Srinivasan Viscosity modifiers for lubricant compositions
CN100363476C (zh) * 2005-05-31 2008-01-23 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 一种干式气柜密封油的改性剂
US20070197410A1 (en) * 2006-02-21 2007-08-23 Rohmax Additives Gmbh Energy efficiency in hydraulic systems
EP2154230A1 (fr) * 2008-08-08 2010-02-17 Afton Chemical Corporation Compositions d'additif lubrifiant disposant de propriétés améliorées augmentant l'indice de viscosité
WO2014136643A1 (fr) * 2013-03-04 2014-09-12 出光興産株式会社 Composition d'huile lubrifiante
ES2719785T3 (es) * 2013-03-21 2019-07-16 Infineum Int Ltd Lubricación de motor marino
CN103555394B (zh) * 2013-08-03 2016-04-27 深圳昆油石化技术有限公司 一种重组型润滑油粘度指数改进剂

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US3897353A (en) * 1972-12-29 1975-07-29 Texaco Inc Method of preventing haze in oil concentrates containing an amorphous ethylene-propylene copolymer viscosity index improver
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CA1070664A (fr) * 1974-09-16 1980-01-29 Marvin F. Smith (Jr.) Additifs ameliorants l'indice de viscosite d'huiles de graissage
DE2740449C2 (de) * 1977-09-08 1986-08-21 Röhm GmbH, 6100 Darmstadt Verfahren zur Herstellung von Schmierölzusätzen
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US4956111A (en) * 1987-08-19 1990-09-11 Pennzoil Products Company Methacrylate pour point depressants and compositions

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69007995T2 (de) 1994-07-28
EP0380383A1 (fr) 1990-08-01
EP0380383B1 (fr) 1994-04-13
DK0380383T3 (da) 1994-08-08
ES2055349T3 (es) 1994-08-16
CA2008630C (fr) 2001-01-09
FR2642435A1 (fr) 1990-08-03
DE69007995D1 (de) 1994-05-19
US5108635A (en) 1992-04-28
CA2008630A1 (fr) 1990-07-27
ATE104332T1 (de) 1994-04-15
SG157194G (en) 1995-04-28

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