FR2510142A1 - Nitridation of fragments of magnetic circuits formed from iron armco - as a substitute for perminvar - Google Patents
Nitridation of fragments of magnetic circuits formed from iron armco - as a substitute for perminvar Download PDFInfo
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- FR2510142A1 FR2510142A1 FR8114358A FR8114358A FR2510142A1 FR 2510142 A1 FR2510142 A1 FR 2510142A1 FR 8114358 A FR8114358 A FR 8114358A FR 8114358 A FR8114358 A FR 8114358A FR 2510142 A1 FR2510142 A1 FR 2510142A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1244—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/04—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering with simultaneous application of supersonic waves, magnetic or electric fields
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/24—Nitriding
- C23C8/26—Nitriding of ferrous surfaces
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/16—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of sheets
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne la technique du traitement chimio-thermique et a notamment pour objet un procédé de nitruration de pièces de circuits magnétiques en fer de la variété connue sous la dénomination commerciale nArmco", ainsi que les pièces nitrurées conformément audit procédé. The present invention relates to the technique of chemothermal treatment and in particular relates to a process for nitriding parts of magnetic iron circuits of the variety known under the trade name nArmco ", as well as parts nitrided in accordance with said process.
L'invention peut être appliquée avec succès notamment à la nitruration des pièces des circuits magnétiques utilisés dans la construction d'instruments et drappareilla- ges divers, dans l'informatique et dans d'autres branches de l'industrie, ainsi qu'à la fabrication d'écrans magnétiques. The invention can be successfully applied in particular to the nitriding of parts of magnetic circuits used in the construction of various instruments and fittings, in computers and in other branches of industry, as well as to the manufacture of magnetic screens.
On connatt un procédé de fabrication d'un acier au silicium à grains orientés (demande acceptée nO 1 261 945, Grande-Bretagne). L'objectif de ce procédé est-d'élever les propriétés magnétiques dudit acier, ce qui est obtenu par nitruration de l'acier à une température de 430 à 7500C, Jusqu'd formation de nitrures des éléments complémentaires
Al, Ti, Zr, Ta. Le processus s'achève par un recuit de recristallisation dans une atmosphère dthydrogène, à la température de 11500C.There is a known process for manufacturing oriented grain silicon steel (application accepted No. 1,261,945, Great Britain). The objective of this process is to raise the magnetic properties of said steel, which is obtained by nitriding the steel at a temperature of 430 to 7500C, until the formation of nitrides of the complementary elements.
Al, Ti, Zr, Ta. The process ends with recrystallization annealing in a hydrogen atmosphere at a temperature of 11500C.
Dans ce procédé connu, lors de la dissociation des nitrures desdits éléments complémentaires, ceux-ci reagissent avec l'oxygène de l'atmosphère en formant des inclusions d'oxydes. il s'ensuit un abaissement des propriétés magnétiques de l'acier magnétique. C'est pourquoi ledit procédé est inapplicable à la nitruration des pièces des circuits magnétiques en fer Armco". In this known process, during the dissociation of the nitrides from said complementary elements, these react with oxygen from the atmosphere by forming oxide inclusions. there follows a lowering of the magnetic properties of the magnetic steel. This is why the said process is inapplicable to the nitriding of the parts of the magnetic circuits in Armco iron ".
On connatt un procédé de fabrication d'une bande d'acier magnétique texturée (demande nO 50-19489, Japon) à forte induction magnétique, consistant en ce que, avant le laminage final, le produit subit une nitruration dans une atmosphère d'azote, à une température de 600 à 12000C. Un tel traitement provoque la formation d'une couche superficielle à teneur accrue en azote, allant jusqu'à 0,005-0,075%, l'épaisseur de cette couche dépassant 0,1 de l'épaisseur totale de la bande. We know a process for manufacturing a textured magnetic steel strip (application No. 50-19489, Japan) with strong magnetic induction, consisting in that, before the final rolling, the product undergoes nitriding in a nitrogen atmosphere. , at a temperature of 600 to 12000C. Such treatment causes the formation of a surface layer with increased nitrogen content, up to 0.005-0.075%, the thickness of this layer exceeding 0.1 of the total thickness of the strip.
Toutefois, on ne peut traiter par ce procédé connu qu'un acier sous forme de bande. En outre, les contraintes du laminé froid définitif, en combinaison avec les contraintes dues aux précipitations ou ségrégations dispersives dans le métal (N, C, O, Al), accroissent la concentration des défauts du réseau cristallin. Cette circonstance abaisse l'effet de la création de contraintes orientées et, en conséquence, ne permet pas d'accroitre le le moment magnétique des atomes de la matrice, mais ne fait que rapprocher la valeur de l'induction magnétique de celle du fer pur. However, only a steel in the form of a strip can be treated by this known process. In addition, the constraints of the final cold laminate, in combination with the constraints due to precipitation or dispersive segregation in the metal (N, C, O, Al), increase the concentration of defects in the crystal lattice. This circumstance lowers the effect of creating oriented stresses and, consequently, does not increase the magnetic moment of the atoms of the matrix, but only brings the value of magnetic induction closer to that of pure iron. .
On connaît un procédé de traitement thermique ("Ferromagnétisme" par R. Bozort, Editions de littérature en langues étrangères, Moscou, 1956) de l'alliage connu sous la dénomination commerciale "Perminvar", nuance 45-25, contenant 30% Fe, 25% Co, 45% Ni, consistant en un chauffage Jusqu'd la température de 4250C, un séjour isotherme pendant 24 h et un refroidissement lent en présence d'un champ magnétique. A heat treatment process is known ("Ferromagnetism" by R. Bozort, Editions of literature in foreign languages, Moscow, 1956) of the alloy known under the trade name "Perminvar", grade 45-25, containing 30% Fe, 25% Co, 45% Ni, consisting of heating Up to the temperature of 4250C, an isothermal stay for 24 h and slow cooling in the presence of a magnetic field.
Les principaux résultats d'un tel traitement sont la constance delta perméabilité dans les champs faibles et une forme spécifique du cycle dthystérésis dans les champs dtintensité moyenne, caractérisée par des pertes hystérétiques faibles. The main results of such treatment are constancy of delta permeability in weak fields and a specific form of the dystysteresis cycle in medium intensity fields, characterized by low hysteretic losses.
L'obtention de telles propriétés entraine des dépenses importantes de temps pour le traitement thermique, d'où le cotit élevé des alliages ayant subi un traitement thermique de ce genre. De surcrott, les résultats positifs sont instables et il est impossible, par un tel procédé, de conférer les propriétés du "Perminvar" à un fer non allié. Obtaining such properties entails significant expenditure of time for heat treatment, hence the high cost of alloys having undergone such heat treatment. In addition, the positive results are unstable and it is impossible, by such a process, to confer the properties of "Perminvar" on an unalloyed iron.
On s'est donc proposé de créer un procédé de traitement de pièces en fer "Armco", qui, grace à une action physique sur la structure cristalline et électronique du fer, assurerait l'obtention d'un cycle dthystérésis du type nPerminvar" et une élévation-de l'induction magnétique, de pair avec une grande résistance à l'usure de la surface des pièces. We therefore proposed to create a process for treating iron parts "Armco", which, thanks to a physical action on the crystalline and electronic structure of iron, would ensure obtaining a dthysteresis cycle of the nPerminvar type "and a rise in magnetic induction, along with high resistance to wear on the surface of the parts.
La solution à ce problème consiste en un procédé de nitruration de pièces de circuits magnétiques en fer "Arinco", du type dans lequel les pièces sont chauffées, tenues en séjour isotherme et refroidies tout en faisant agir sur elles un champ magnétique, caractérisé, d'après l'invention, en ce que le chauffage des pièces est exécuté dans un milieu saturant, puis, à partir du moment où la température correspondant à la température de formation d'azote actif est atteinte, on crée un champ magnétique continu d'une intensité de 1,6 à 80 kA/m, dont l'action est maintenue pendant le séjour isotherme, en deux stades, des pièces dans le milieu saturant, ainsi que pendant le refroidissement des pièces jusqu'à une température excluant l'oxydation à l'air de la surface des pièces traitées. The solution to this problem consists in a process of nitriding parts of magnetic circuits in "Arinco" iron, of the type in which the parts are heated, kept in isothermal stay and cooled while causing a magnetic field to act on them, characterized, d after the invention, in that the heating of the parts is carried out in a saturating medium, then, from the moment when the temperature corresponding to the temperature of formation of active nitrogen is reached, a continuous magnetic field is created an intensity of 1.6 to 80 kA / m, the action of which is maintained during the isothermal stay, in two stages, of the parts in the saturating medium, as well as during the cooling of the parts to a temperature excluding oxidation air from the surface of the treated parts.
il est avantageux qu'au premier stade dudit séjour isotherme des pièces, le potentiel d'azote du milieu saturant soit maintenu à un niveau assurant la formation d'une solution solide d d'azote dans le fer, et qu'à son second stade, le potentiel d'azote du milieu saturant soit maintenu à un niveau assurant la formation de nitrure t de fer, le rapport de la durée du premier stade à la durée du second étant de préférence de 9 à 1, respectivement. it is advantageous that at the first stage of said isothermal stay of the parts, the nitrogen potential of the saturating medium is maintained at a level ensuring the formation of a solid solution of nitrogen in the iron, and that at its second stage , the nitrogen potential of the saturating medium is maintained at a level ensuring the formation of iron nitride t, the ratio of the duration of the first stage to the duration of the second preferably being 9 to 1, respectively.
Le procédé denitruration -de pièces de circuits magnétiques en fer aArmco", faisant l'objet de l'invention, permet d'assurer au fer "Armco" un haut niveau d'induction magnétique et d'améliorer l'aptitude au fonctionnement des circuits magnétiques se présentant sous la forme de couples de frottement travaillant dans un milieu agressif. The nitriding process - of parts of magnetic circuits in aArmco iron, which is the subject of the invention, makes it possible to ensure that the "Armco" iron has a high level of magnetic induction and to improve the operability of the circuits. magnetic in the form of friction couples working in an aggressive environment.
En outre, le procédé faisant l'objet de l'invention permet d'obtenir un cycle d'hystérésis du type "Perminvar" dans le fer "Armco" techniquement pur, en supprimant ainsi la nécessité d'allier le fer avec du cobalt et du nickel. In addition, the process which is the subject of the invention makes it possible to obtain a hysteresis cycle of the "Perminvar" type in technically pure "Armco" iron, thus eliminating the need to alloy the iron with cobalt and nickel.
L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres buts, détails et avantages de celle-ci apparattront mieux à la lumière de la description explicative qui va suivre de différents modes de réalisation donnés uniquement à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, avec références au dessin unique annexé qui représente les cycles d'hystérésis et les courbes d'aimantation du fer wArmcon nitruré en présence de champs magnétiques continus de différentes intensités, selon l'invention. The invention will be better understood and other objects, details and advantages thereof will appear better in the light of the explanatory description which will follow of different embodiments given only by way of nonlimiting examples, with references to the drawing. single appended which represents the hysteresis cycles and the magnetization curves of wArmcon iron nitrided in the presence of continuous magnetic fields of different intensities, according to the invention.
Les pièces et les éprouvettes en fer "Arnico" sont placées dans le moufle d'un four, fermées et chauffées dans une atmosphère d'azote,- d'hydrogène & d'ammoniac, dont le potentiel d'azote assure la formation d'une solution solide Oc d'azote dans le fer. The pieces and the "Arnico" iron test pieces are placed in the muffle of an oven, closed and heated in an atmosphere of nitrogen, - hydrogen & ammonia, whose nitrogen potential ensures the formation of a solid Oc solution of nitrogen in iron.
Quand la température dans le moufle du four atteint 4500C, on crée un champ magnétique continu d'une intensité de 1,6 kA/m. Le chauffage jusqu'à la température de 6200C et le maintien des pièces en séjour isotherme au premier stade, d'une durée de 54 1 mn, sont exécutés tout en faisant agir sur les pièces ledit chaap magnétique. L'action du champ magnétique est maintenue an second stade du séjour isotherme, d'une durée de 6 + 1 zn, avec un potentiel d'azote assurant la formation de nitrure # , ainsi que pendant le refroidissement jusqu'à la température de 1000C, après quoi l'action du champ magnétique est supprimée. When the temperature in the oven muffle reaches 4500C, a continuous magnetic field with an intensity of 1.6 kA / m is created. Heating to the temperature of 6200C and keeping the parts in an isothermal stay at the first stage, lasting 54 1 min, are carried out while causing the said magnetic chaap to act on the parts. The action of the magnetic field is maintained in the second stage of the isothermal stay, lasting 6 + 1 zn, with a nitrogen potential ensuring the formation of nitride #, as well as during cooling to the temperature of 1000C. , after which the action of the magnetic field is suppressed.
L'induction magnétique après ce traitement est 35 = 0,5 T, B10 = 0,83 T, B15 = 1,12 T, B20 = 1,27 T, B30 = 1,34 T, B50 = 1,47 T, 100 = 1,7 T. The magnetic induction after this treatment is 35 = 0.5 T, B10 = 0.83 T, B15 = 1.12 T, B20 = 1.27 T, B30 = 1.34 T, B50 = 1.47 T, 100 = 1.7 T.
Quand on fait agir un champ magnétique d'une intensité de 40 kA/m pendant le chauffage des éprouvettes de 450 à 6200C, le séjour isotherme et le refroidissement jusqu'à 1000C, l'induction magnétique est : B5 = 0,64 T, B10 = 0,97 T, B15 = 1,2 T, B20 = 1,31 T, B30 = 1,45 T, B50 = 1,6 T, îoo = 1,82 T. When a magnetic field with an intensity of 40 kA / m is made to act during the heating of the test pieces from 450 to 6200C, the isothermal stay and the cooling to 1000C, the magnetic induction is: B5 = 0.64 T, B10 = 0.97 T, B15 = 1.2 T, B20 = 1.31 T, B30 = 1.45 T, B50 = 1.6 T, îoo = 1.82 T.
Quand on fait agir un champ magnétique d'une intensité de 80 kA/m pendant le chauffage des éprouvettes de 620 à 7500C, le séjour isotherme et le refroidissement à 1000C, l'induction magnétique est : B5 = 0,68 T, B10 r 1,01 T, B15 = 1,23 T, B20 = 1,32 T, B30 = 1,46 T, B50 = 1,65 T, îoo = 1,84 T. When a magnetic field with an intensity of 80 kA / m is made to act during the heating of the test pieces from 620 to 7500C, the isothermal stay and the cooling to 1000C, the magnetic induction is: B5 = 0.68 T, B10 r 1.01 T, B15 = 1.23 T, B20 = 1.32 T, B30 = 1.46 T, B50 = 1.65 T, 100 = 1.84 T.
Les cycles d'hystérésis des éprouvettes en fer nArmcon traitées par le procédé faisant l'objet de l'invention sont représentés sur la figure annexée. Dans un champ magnétique d'une intensité de 80 A/m (courbe a), les pertes par hystérésis sont pratiquement nulles et la perméabilité magnétique estwconstante. Dans un champ magnétique d'une intensité de 160 A/m (courbe b), la perméabilité magnétique reste constante dans un champ d'une intensité allant de 136 à 144 A/m, après quoi la perméabilité croit brusquement, ce qui provoque un élargissement de la boucle d'hystérésis. Pour une intensité du champ magnétique de 2,4 kA/m (courbe c), le cycle d'hystérésis a la forme caractéristique de celui du "Perminvar".Toutefois, la courbe d'aimantation comprend une seconde portion à perméabilité constante, pour les intensités de 400 A/m à 1 > 08 kA/m. The hysteresis cycles of the nArmcon iron test pieces treated by the process which is the subject of the invention are shown in the appended figure. In a magnetic field with an intensity of 80 A / m (curve a), the hysteresis losses are practically zero and the magnetic permeability is constant. In a magnetic field with an intensity of 160 A / m (curve b), the magnetic permeability remains constant in a field with an intensity ranging from 136 to 144 A / m, after which the permeability increases sharply, which causes a widening of the hysteresis loop. For a magnetic field intensity of 2.4 kA / m (curve c), the hysteresis cycle has the characteristic shape of that of the "Perminvar". However, the magnetization curve includes a second portion with constant permeability, for intensities from 400 A / m to 1> 08 kA / m.
L'emploi de champs magnétiques d'une intensité de 1,6 à 80 kA/m s'explique par la faible efficacité de l'action de champs magnétiques d'intensité inférieure à 1,6 kA/m. L'utilisation d'intensités plus fortes, dépassant 80 kA/m > ne procure pas d'avantages notables comparativement aux intensités plus faibles ; par contre, elle nécessite la mise en oeuvre de dispositifs techniques compliqué-s et encombrants. The use of magnetic fields with an intensity of 1.6 to 80 kA / m can be explained by the low efficiency of the action of magnetic fields with an intensity of less than 1.6 kA / m. The use of higher intensities, exceeding 80 kA / m> does not provide any significant advantages compared to lower intensities; on the other hand, it requires the use of complicated and bulky technical devices.
De la sorte, le procédé de nifnulation de pièces en fer "Armco", faisant l'objet de l'invention permet d'accroitre la densité du flux magnétique et, par celamime, d'améliorer les paramètres de sortie des instruments et appareils électromagnétiques. In this way, the process of nifnulation of iron parts "Armco", which is the subject of the invention makes it possible to increase the density of the magnetic flux and, by this means, to improve the output parameters of the electromagnetic instruments and apparatus. .
En outre > l'invention permet de substituer le fer "Armco" aux"Perminvar" fer-cobalt dans la fabrication des pièces de circuits magnétiques0 In addition> the invention makes it possible to substitute iron "Armco" for "Perminvar" iron-cobalt in the manufacture of parts of magnetic circuits0
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8114358A FR2510142A1 (en) | 1981-07-23 | 1981-07-23 | Nitridation of fragments of magnetic circuits formed from iron armco - as a substitute for perminvar |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8114358A FR2510142A1 (en) | 1981-07-23 | 1981-07-23 | Nitridation of fragments of magnetic circuits formed from iron armco - as a substitute for perminvar |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR2510142A1 true FR2510142A1 (en) | 1983-01-28 |
| FR2510142B1 FR2510142B1 (en) | 1984-05-25 |
Family
ID=9260799
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8114358A Granted FR2510142A1 (en) | 1981-07-23 | 1981-07-23 | Nitridation of fragments of magnetic circuits formed from iron armco - as a substitute for perminvar |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR2510142A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1991019826A1 (en) * | 1990-06-15 | 1991-12-26 | Evgeny Viktorovich Skidanov | Method for gas nitriding of steel articles |
| WO1996000313A1 (en) * | 1994-06-23 | 1996-01-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method of treating at least one component made of weakly magnetic material |
| WO2011012673A1 (en) * | 2009-07-31 | 2011-02-03 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (Cnrs) | Method and device for treating a material exposed to a magnetic field |
-
1981
- 1981-07-23 FR FR8114358A patent/FR2510142A1/en active Granted
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1991019826A1 (en) * | 1990-06-15 | 1991-12-26 | Evgeny Viktorovich Skidanov | Method for gas nitriding of steel articles |
| WO1996000313A1 (en) * | 1994-06-23 | 1996-01-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method of treating at least one component made of weakly magnetic material |
| US5769965A (en) * | 1994-06-23 | 1998-06-23 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for treating at least one part of soft magnetic material to form a hard wear area |
| WO2011012673A1 (en) * | 2009-07-31 | 2011-02-03 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (Cnrs) | Method and device for treating a material exposed to a magnetic field |
| FR2948688A1 (en) * | 2009-07-31 | 2011-02-04 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TREATING A MATERIAL UNDER THE EFFECT OF A MAGNETIC FIELD |
| US9181596B2 (en) | 2009-07-31 | 2015-11-10 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (Cnrs) | Method and device for treating a material exposed to a magnetic field |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2510142B1 (en) | 1984-05-25 |
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