FR2591322A1 - Integrated solar collector with independent, synchronous, automatic thermovoltaic transfer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for collecting solar energy, which is incorporated in metal construction elements, integrated and has an independent, synchronous, automatic thermovoltaic transfer, with antifreeze protection and compensation of mechanical and heat stresses (friction, deformation) in a noncorrosive and leaktight medium, characterised in that it is composed of: - a leaktight casing 1 made of steel, copper or aluminium; - the inner surface 2 of the casing is black (absorption of the solar spectrum); - a translucent heat-carrying fluid 3 contained in the casing 1; - copper and felt fibres 4, ensuring stability and heat transmission by capillarity; - a heat exchanger 5 of the tubular type, immersed in the fluid; - a cellular cover 6, with a superposed double face (closed module) or a nested double face (open module); - the injection of a polyurethane foam 7, acting as stiffener, heat and sound insulator, securing the elements to one another by adhesive bonding and making the module self-supporting; - a circulation pump 8; - a storage unit 10. By virtue of its design, this modular collector is a standard construction element (facade, roof, active element) and allows a considerable reduction of various frameworks and structures, in the building trade in general.

Description

 Device for capturing solar energy incorporated in modular elements of metal constructions, integrated with synchronous thermovoltalque autcanatic transfer Independent.

There are currently two types of operation:
1) Thermosyphon solar water heater in KIT whose set is fixed on the roofs,
2) Forced circulation solar water heater.

 The first scenario implies a significant overload on the roof, a difficult architectural integration; relatively low yield, significant corrosion; char treatment; difficult installation (maintenance); fixing by drilling causing sealing problems on the covers; many accessories not very reliable and a significant investment in manufacturing. Consequently, the additional investment is high, the depreciation long.

 the second scenario involves dependence on the circulator network, regulation, back-up; a very complex regulatory system; lots of essential accessories; random electronic components; the obligation of security systems; large wiring and pipelines.

 The system consists in using the thermal properties of the elements of metal constructions: stainless steel, alloys or others having the qualities of "hydraulic sealing": plans, ribs, e # tiboutis, profiles, molded or injected answering the criteria of the architecture and industry used in modular type cover (juxtaposed modules). See Figure 1 and 2 External module, exposed surface (1), assembly (2), internal contact insulator surface (3), vapor barrier profile embedded in absorbing casing (4) sealed in copper, aluminum, profile, thermoformed stamping ( plastic) or steel. In the latter case the internal surface of the casing (4) is treated by applying iron oxide which constitutes a selective layer. Each alloy will be treated according to its characteristics. This casing (4) is equipped with 4 watertight orifices in "cable gland" type elastomer, 26-trin diameter, passage of 20 min (1. for fitting the exchanger (9); 2. for injecting the thermal fluid (5) and degassing; 3. for the injection of the thermal fluid # (5) and its forced circulation between the orifice 3 and 4 by an auxiliary circulator).

 the casing (4) contains the fluid (5) of heat exchange contact antifriction anticorrosion, antifreeze, translucent composed of a grease with a lithiurn drop point 1500C without calcination. Stability and the transmission of heat by capillarity are ensured by fibers: copper and felt.

the contact of the interfaces (3) and (5) is obtained by the homogeneity and the cohesion of the fibrous fluid (5).

 Each element which constitutes the capillary absorption sensor (4) individually compensates for the mechanical and thermal stresses (frictions, dilations, deformations) in a non-corrosive and waterproof medium.

 The capillary absorber "obscured" by an exposed surface without glazing is a low-temperature type sensor in poorly ventilated tropical climate (450C to 500C) (10).

 Depending on the type of use, the thickness of the external module (1) can be reduced to "40 / 100th" to promote thermal absorption; the mechanical resistance being compensated by a double-faced methacrylate honeycomb cover (8) which appreciably promotes absorption by limiting the ventilation effect. purse seine temperature (45 C to 600 C).

 The double-sided methacrylate cellular glazing is embedded directly between the capillary absorption sensor and the external module (1); the latter being partly "open". The orifice is proportional to the surface of the casing (4) to allow reception and direct absorption of the global solar rayormrent (450C to 750C) depending on the site.

 The modular consistency is self-supporting and the cover very waterproof (8). The primary exchanger (9) is a tubular conduit (linear or asymmetrical depending on the geometry configuration) in copper, steel, with fins (11) or not (9) (the exchanger can be mounted in series or in parallel and serie / parallel) depending on temperatures and uses: domestic hot water (home heating), preheating in general food grade pressure 10 bars (network). PVCC, elastomer, polyethylene, for example, will be used for heating swimming pool water at low pressure, average temperature up to 600C.

 the pre-assembly of the external module (1), of the casing (4) in the intermediate and of the internal module (6) is obtained by embedding and adhesive glue (system used in the automotive industry); the mechanical contact surface representing 30% of the total surface.

 The self-supporting modular sensor assembly is obtained by injection of the internal volume, delimited by the external module (l), the juxtaposition of the casing (4) and the internal module (6), of a polyurethane foam as a conformator. . the chemical reactions of the expanding components join the elements together by self-compressive adhesive coherence acting as a stiffener, thermal, acoustic, rot-proof and non-flammable insulator. There is no internal corrosion.

 the built-in self-supporting modular sensor is a standard construction element, facade, roof, active. By its design it allows a significant reduction of the various frames and frameworks in the building in general (architects, designers, industries).

 The self-supporting integrated modular solar collector is a thermal generator for home heating, domestic hot water production, various industrial heaters.

 As a general rule (Figure 2), the device can be used in construction. Its function is reversible from absorber sensor to convector radiator (heating or cooling). Depending on requirements, the modular system can be positioned horizontally or vertically, with motorized transfer or in self-supporting thermosyphon and independent automatic regulation.

 The circulation pump (21) (with adjustable thermostat, regulation valve incorporated or not, these accessories can be separated) conveys the energy absorbed by the sensor (22) integrates through its exchanger (9) (primary circuit) to the storage tank (23) (secondary circuit). The hydraulic part of the circulator is sealed, isolated from the electrical circuit (stator inductor). The stator rotor torque is influenced by the electromagnetic flux generated by the direct current inductor, voltage 12 V, power consumption 18 W. The hydraulic wheel rotor, made of cobalt alloy, nickel or ferrite powder is a permanent magnet. It is a ball motor or with a sealed transmission shaft. the torque driven by the surrounding magnetic field is transmitted directly to the rotor.

 The power delivered (figure 3) (15) is proportional to the level of illumination (diffuse) (14) therefore directly influenced by energy (direct ray of the solar spectrum "Photons" (16) in the direction in elevation and azimuth of the module surface). The product current voltage is a direct function of the solar declination. It is this variable power due to the electronic characteristics of the photovoltaic cells which controls the intensity of the electromagnetic flux of the stator, which by couplet varies the speed and the flow rate of the pump (17). By analogy the photovoltaic module behaves as a current variator.

 At the instant t 'the thermal surface is subjected to the spectrum spectrum but to a different wavelength. Instant absorption results in a rise in surface temperature (18). This energy is transmitted by conduction to the thermal fluid (5), then to the coolant through the ec3 ge (9) where the temperature of the water to be stored (19) increases.

 reception, electrical and thermal transformation are simultaneous, therefore synchronous, considering constant cams: a) thermal surface, b) photovoltaic surface, c) inclination, d) orientation, e) solar deposit horned. They differ according to the angular speed of the direct radiation on the considered surfaces. By analogy the device is automatically regulated controlled by the sun. The transfer speed in the thermal sensor (cf. the speed of the mass flow as a function of the surface) is fixed by the peak power of the photo module '# ltaïque. The regulation will be directly linked (angle, solar variation of the given day and meteorological parameters, cloud coefficient). In summary: linear regulation "movement of the earth around the sun" in the ecliptic and meteorological plane. In general there is consistency of constant phase relationships over time.

 The transfer between sensor and storage "use" is motorized by a circulation pump (21) electrovoltalque power 18 W in alternating or direct current voltage 6V / 12V / 24V / 48 V (the power of the pupa depends on the technical characteristics and the sizing of the installation: of the collection surface, of the manometric height, of the needs, of the desired energy self-sufficiency, of the partial or total use of the roof) in all cases of figure in direct relation to the peak power of the generator with photovoltaic cells and solar deposit, hence the simplicity of the system and its consistency. the elements of powers mentioned above refer to the prototypes currently under scientific observation. data are currently being recorded for technical and IT investigations.

 the installations to be considered are with accumulators or not, with converters or not, connected to the network through a separation transformer and a rectifier bridge or not for forced circulation outside the efficient solar cycle in its daily and seasonal variation.

 The circulator (21) (inductor stator) is connected directly or indirectly to the terminals of a photovoltaic module t24) power 11 W, voltage 12 V. The power is fixed according to the consumption of the circulator (21) and the solar deposit and relative to the set point at solar noon / peak power / collection surface / speed of mass flow under unfavorable conditions.

 the self-supporting modular self-supporting thermovoltaic energy sensor is synchronously self-regulating by incorporating an individual photovoltaic module in the report (2.5 WC / m2).

 The exchange between primary and secondary (sensors (22) and storage tank (23)) is autonomous. The circulation pump (21) is self-powered by the photovoltaic module or modules (24) integrated in the modular sensor or sensors.

 The device described above can be used for conventional solar "collector and tank" installations usually installed on roofs. The present device makes it possible to dissociate the sensors from the tank (overload, inaccessibility, poor integration, corrosion), the thermovoltaic system being comparable to the thermosiphon with better efficiency and autonomous (independent of a network).

 Measurements are currently underway at two installations. One with the inventor, the second at the University Center of Reunion for plotting curves and investigations in computer science.

Claims (23)

REV1BDICATIONS  1) Device for capturing solar energy incorporated in the modular elements of metal constructions, integrated with independent synchronous thermovoltaic automatic transfer characterized in that it is arranged: a) of a casing (4); b) a thermal fluid (5); c) a translucent cellular glazing (8); d) thermal insulation (7); e) photovoltaic cells (24); f) an exchanger (9); g) an electrovoltaic pump (21); h) storage (23).  2) Device according to claim 1 characterized in that the waterproof casing (4) is made of steel, copper, aluminum, profiled or stamped thermoformed (plastic), according to the architectural configuration, to be embedded between juxtaposed modulesW It comprises 4 orifices with type elastomer seals: cable gland 26 mm in diameter, 20 min passage for setting up the exchanger (9), and the fluid (5). The internal surface of the steel casing is treated by applying iron oxide (black), "absorption of the solar spectrum".  3) Device according to claims 1 and 2 characterized in that the housing (4) contains the translucent thermal fluid (5) canposé of a lithium point 150 C grease without calcination. The stability, the heat transmission by capillarity are ensured by copper and felt fibers, the contact of the interfaces (3) and (5) is obtained by lthanogeneity and the cohesion of the fibrous fluid (5).  4) Device according to the ensrble of claims 1 to 3, characterized by the immersion of the primary heat exchanger (9) tubular type polyetylene, PVCC, copper or steel with fins (11) or not (9), linear or asymmetrical in the thermal contact fluid (5) contained in the casing (4).  5) Device according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4 characterized in that the casing (4) of black internal surface contains the fluid (5) and the éweur (9) which constitute the energy sensor by capillary absorption with frost protection.  6) Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each element individually compensates for the stresses: mechanical and thermal, frictions, dilations, deformations in a non-corrosive and tight environment.  7) Device according to any one of claims 1 to 6 characterized in that the capillary absorption sensor is obscured by the internal surface (3) of the external module (1). This "insulated cover" construction element without glazing is a low temperature type sensor in poorly ventilated tropical climate (450C to 500C) (10).  8) Device according to claim 7 characterized in that the external module (1) of lesser thickness "40 / 100e", reinforced by the superimposition of a cellular cover (8) double face in methacrylate, substantially promotes absorption, in limiting the ventilation effect. Medium temperature (450C to 600C).  9) Device according to all of claims 1 to 6 characterized in that the glazing (8) double-faced methacrylate honeycomb is embedded directly between the capillary absorption sensor and the external module (1); the latter being partly "open". The orifice is proportional to the surface of the casing (4) to allow reception and direct absorption of global solar radiation (450C to 75 C) depending on the site.  10) Device according to all of claims 1 to 7 characterized in that the capillary absorption sensor has a reversible function "convector radiator".  11) Device according to 11 set of claims 1 to 4 characterized in that the exchanger (9) is in a group: series or parallel and series / parallel constituting the primary circuit.  12) Device according to claims 1, 5, 7, 8, 9 characterized in that the pr # assembly of the elements is obtained by embedding and adhesive glue (system used in the automotive industry). The mechanical contact surface represents 30% of the total surface.  13) Device according to claims 1, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12 characterized in that the self-supporting modular sensor assembly is self-compressed by the injection in filling of the internal volume, delimited by the external module (1), the juxtaposftion of the casing (4) and the internal module (6), of a polyurethane foam in conformator; the cracking reactions of the expanding components secure the elements by self-compressed adhesive consistency acting as a stiffener, thermal and acoustic insulation  14) Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the self-supporting incorporated modular sensor is a standard construction element, facade, roof, active. By its design it allows a significant reduction of the various frames and frameworks in the building in general (architects, designers, industries).  15) Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the self-supporting integrated modular solar collector is a thermal generator for the heating, the production of hot # sitary water, various industrial heaters.  16) Device according to any one of the preceding claims # gifts characterized by the establishment of a forced circulation of the thermal fluid (5) in the casing (4) which thus favors the thermal separation.  17) Device according to claims 1, 11, 15, 16 characterized in that a circulation pO # (21) (with adjustable thermostat, adjustment valve incorporated or not, these accessories can be separated) vehicle 1 energy absorbed by the sensor (22) integrated through its exchanger (9) (primary circuit) to the storage tank (23) (secondary circuit). The hydraulic part of the circulator is sealed, isolated from the electrical circuit (stator inductor). the stator rotor torque is influenced by the electromagnetic flux generated by the direct current inductor, voltage 12 V, power consumption 18 W. the rotor, hydraulic wheel, made of cobalt alloy, nickel or ferrite powder is a permanent magnet. motor with ball or with sealed transmission shaft. the torque driven by the surrounding magnetic field is transmitted directly to the rotor.  18) Device according to claim 17 characterized in that the type of circulator "voltages: 6V / 12V / 24V / 48V, alternating or direct (current, voltage, powers)", is a function of the characteristics and dimensions of the installations to be considered, with accumulators or not, with converters or not, connected to the network through a separation transformer and rectifier bridge or not for forced circulation outside the efficient solar cycle in its daily and seasonal variation.  19) Device according to claims 1, 17, 18 characterized in that the circulator (21) (inductor stator) is connected directly or indirectly to the terminals of a photovoltaic module (24) power 11 W, voltage 12 V. The power is set according to the consannation of the circulator (21) and the solar deposit and relative to the set point at solar noon / peak power / collection surface / speed of mass flow under unfavorable conditions.  20) Device according to claims 1, 17, 18, 19 characterized in that the modular self-supporting thermovoltaic energy sensor (22) is synchronously regulated by incorporating an individual photovoltaic module (24) in the ratio (2.5 WC / m2).  21) Device according to claims 1, 17, 18, L91 20 characterized in that the primary / secondary exchange (sensor (22), storage tank (23)) is autonomous. The circulation panel (21) is self-powered by the photovoltaic module (s) (24).  22) Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the regulation is synchronous and autamatic by thermal (thermal reactions) and electronic coordination of the solar collectors (22) and (24). The coherence of the system is a direct function of the angular speed "azimuth and height". Linear regulation in the ecliptic and variable plane is a function of meteorological parameters  23) Device according to all of the preceding claims 1 and 17 to 20 characterized in that the system can be associated with oecistant solar thermal collectors.