FR2578696A1 - STATOR OF ELECTRIC MOTOR - Google Patents

Abstract

THE INVENTION RELATES TO AN ELECTRIC MOTOR STATOR. THE ELECTRIC MOTOR STATOR ACCORDING TO THE INVENTION INCLUDES RETAINING PARTS FOR POLAR PIECES 56 WHICH HOLD THE POLES 55 AND WHICH PROJECT RADIALLY TO THE EXTERIOR FROM AN ANNULAR PART 61, 62 SO AS TO SIMPLIFY THE WINDING OPERATIONS WINDINGS 57 WHICH CAN BE MADE FROM THE EXTERIOR WITHOUT ANY RESTRICTION. THE INVENTION APPLIES IN PARTICULAR TO AN ELECTRIC MOTOR STATOR OF SMALL DIMENSIONS.

Description

The present invention relates to an electric motor stator and

  more particularly relates to an improvement in the production of an electric motor stator constituted by a rotor and a stator, comprising a plurality of pole pieces arranged radially on the outer periphery of the rotor and the windings arranged

on these polar pieces.

  FIG. 13 represents a conventional example of a stator used in this type of electric motor, in which several poles 1 protrude towards the center on the inner surface of a yoke 4, the windings 3 being disposed respectively on each pole 1, the

medium of an insulating material.

  Figure 14 represents another embodiment of

  tion in which each pole 1 is a separate piece

  of the yoke 4, the winding 3 being arranged with

  position of an insulating material 2 and so that the convex portion la of the pole piece 1 is fixedly introduced into the concave portion 4a of the yoke 4. In the case of Figure 13, - since the operation winding must be performed using the spaces 5 between the respective poles 1 and the narrow space 6 at the inner surface of the yoke 4, this operation is difficult to perform, particularly in small engines, which results in the properties

  extremely low operating costs.

  The embodiment illustrated in Figure 14 does not raise this problem, the winding operation being performed on the separate poles of the yoke 4, so that this operation is extremely easy to perform, but in a small engine, the mounting of the breech 4 becomes difficult because the pole pieces 1 themselves

  are small, resulting in very poor property

  functioning and an unsuitable

  not particularly in small engines.

  The object of the invention is therefore to overcome the problems mentioned above and to simplify the winding operation of the windings on the pole pieces.

of a stator unit.

  For this purpose, and according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the stator is constituted by two insulating parts with a plurality of radially projecting pole-retaining parts arranged at the outer periphery of an annular part, several poles clamped respectively by each pole-retaining member of the insulating pieces in mutually independent, mutually independent, radially-shaped positions, and windings being respectively formed on each pole-engaging portion for engaging the yoke, with the periphery outer part of the insulating part, so as to combine fixedly each pole with the yoke, jointly. Therefore, since the pole-retaining portions which hold the poles are arranged radially in annular form, they project at their end portions towards the wider outer space and the winding operation is extremely easy to execute. from the outside without any limitation, so the only thing needed is the engagement of the bolt after winding, thus allowing

  easily make a small motor stator.

  In another embodiment of the invention, the stator is constituted by a molded insulating part with a plurality of radially projecting pole-holding parts, on the outer periphery of an annular part, several poles which are embedded in each part of the pole retention of insulating parts for,

  form jointly in given positions, mutual

  are independent of each other, and windings

  applied to each party

  pole retainer for engaging the bolt with the perimeter

  outer wall of the insulating part, thus combining fixedly each pole with the cylinder head. It should be noted that this arrangement described above is only an example and that the invention can be applied to a stator for a normal motor that rotates continuously in the same direction, a stepper motor or the like, or different types of AC motors: - or direct current. Other features and benefits of

  the invention will appear in the course of the. description that

  FIG. 1 is a side view of an electric motor, according to the invention. FIG. 2 is a view from above of the motor of FIG. FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of the engine of FIG. 1; FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view showing all the elements to be assembled in the engine of FIG. 1; FIG. exploded perspective of a stator unit shown in FIG. 4, FIG. 6 is a section along a horizontal line of the motor of FIG. 1, FIG. 7 is a bottom view, from an end plate, of the motor of FIG. 1, FIG. 8 is a large-scale partial section of a stop plate used in the motor of FIG. 1, FIG. 9 represents an electric circuit of the windings used in the motor of FIG. Figures 10 to 12 are perspective views of another modification of the stator unit of Fig. 4, and Figs. 13 and 14 are conventional motor cuts.

  Before proceeding to the description of the invention,

  it should be noted that identical elements are designated by the same reference numerals in all the accompanying drawings. Figures 1 to 9 show a motor according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, comprising a stator unit 50 housed in a housing 10 covered by an end plate 20 and comprising a cord connection of a circuit board printed 30, and a rotor 40 mounted to rotate in the cylindrical space

  central hollow 58 of the stator unit 50, the part of the

  tremity of the shaft 41 of the rotor 40 coming out of the casing 10,

outwards.

  The stator unit 50 comprises a molded insulator 51 divided into two upper and lower half-plates 52, 53, a pole 54 constituted by a plurality of pole pieces each introduced into a respective housing 56 of the shells, and several windings 57 wound each around the individual housing. 56 containing the pole piece 55. The stator unit 50 is inserted and fixed in the housing 10 and has the hollow space 58 in which the rotor 40 can rotate, the housing 10 being covered by an end plate 20 and the printed circuit board being disposed between the stator unit 50 and

the end plate 20.

  The casing 10 is formed as a bowl-type yoke with an upper portion 11 including a hole 12 at its center for passing the shaft 41 of the rotor 40, and a cylindrical side portion 13 whose lower edge has a plurality of tabs 14 for mounting the end plate 20 and a cut-out portion 15 to introduce a connection pad 31

cord.

  The molded insulator 51, made of an insulating material, has a rotor insertion portion comprising an upper ring and a lower ring 61, 62 at both ends thereof, forming the vertical cavity 58 of the stator and horizontal openings for pole pieces, a pole mounting part having a plurality of closed section housings 56, a winding mounting part with a plurality of flanges 63, a case mounting part of the carrier 64, a motor shaft receiving boss part, a liner receiving portion with two hooks 66 mounted on the flange 63 and an end plate and a printed circuit board mounting portion including outer bosses 67 on the lower ring 62, the recess 58 of the portion of rotor insertion provided in the center of the molded insulator 51 being covered at its upper end by the support 64 provided with the boss 65, and the insulator

  molded 51 having, in its intermediate part, the housings

  members 56 radially directed from the upper ring and the lower ring 61, 62 outwardly in all directions on the same circumference of a circle, in the form of multiple petals, and with the rim 63 at their free ends and bosses

  67 and the hooks 66 at its lower end.

  Figures 4 to 7 and 9 show the insulation 51 of the hexapolar type, divided in order to facilitate

  its molding, in two parts in its middle, that is to say

  in an upper half-shell 52 comprising upper half-housings 56a, the upper half-flanges 63a and the upper ring 61 with the support 64 and the boss 65, and a lower half-shell 53 comprising

  the lower half-housings 56b, the lower half-edges

  63b and the lower ring 62 with the bosses 67 and the hooks 66, the upper half-shell 52 being mounted on the lower half-shell 53 to form an insulation unit 51 with the housing 56 formed by the upper half-housings 56a and the lower half-housings 56b and in each of which a pole piece

  is introduced and on each of which a winding

57 is coiled.

  In the upper half-shell 52, mounted on the upper end of the upper ring 61, is the support 64 with at its center a convex portion 68 on which is formed the boss 65 and the

  six half-housings 56a are formed on the lower end

  upper six-petal-shaped upper ring 61, extending radially and downward at equal intervals from upper ring 61, outwardly in all directions and with inverted U-shaped sections . Similarly, the lower half-shell 53 mounted on the upper end of the lower ring 62 has six half-housings 56b directed radially downward at equal intervals from the lower ring 62 outwardly in all directions. , with U-shaped sections forming six petals,

  the outer and inner bosses 67, 69 being respectively

  formed on the outer surface and the inner surface of the lower end of the lower ring

  62. Each of the half-flanges 63a, 62b is formed respectively

  on each of the free ends of the upper and lower housings 56a, 56b directed outward in a vertical position, perpendicular to the housing

  56, thereby forming a flange unit 63 connected to the half

  upper rim 63a and the lower half-edge 63b.

  In addition, on the inner surfaces of the rings

  upper and lower 61, 62 and at the base of the half

  housings 56a, 56b are several notches 71 each intended to receive a rib 72 of a pole piece 55 and also, at the middle part of the inner bases of the half-housings are bosses 73 each intended to penetrate into a notch 74 d A pole piece 55. The pole pieces 55 are formed by molding, in the same configuration, comprising a parallelepiped shaped body 75 with a curved front surface 75a for facing the outer surface of the rotor 40, a curved rear surface. 75b directed to the inner surface of the yoke 10 and two ribs 72 as well as two notches 74 on the upper portion and the lower portion of the body 75. The pole mounting portion of each piece 55 is formed by the housing 56 of the insulator 51 assembled with upper and lower half-housings 56a, 56b, forming a groove

  77 between them, in which the pole piece 55 is introduced

  by the horizontal opening of the rings 61, 62,

  by thus interposing the pole piece 55 between the half

  upper shell and the lower half-shell at the engagement of grooves 72 and notches 74 with

  notches 71 and bosses 73 of dwellings 56.

  The stator unit 50 is thus assembled with the pair of upper and lower shells 52, 53

  and six pole pieces 55 each produced by the opening.

  horizontally between the upper ring and the lower ring 61, 62 in the grooves 77 of the stator unit 50, the rotor insertion part is formed by the upper ring and the lower ring 61, 62 and the six pole pieces 55 forming the recess 58 to receive the rotor 40, this recess 58 being surrounded by the inner surfaces of the rings 61, 62 and the surfaces

  before the pole pieces 55. The winding mounting part

  is formed, for each winding 57 in

  blistering the upper shell and the lower shell and the pole pieces to form an annular space 78 surrounded by the outer surfaces of the housings 56, the flanges 63 and the rings 61, 62, for winding the windings 57. The stator unit 50 is thus obtained by winding the windings 57 in the annular space 78 around the housing of the insulator 51 assembled with the upper shell and the lower shell 52, 53 and the pole pieces 55 interposed between them, and the ends of the windings 57 are connected by conductors 81a to circuits 82 on

the printed circuit board 30.

  The six pole pieces 55 inserted into the pole mounting portion of the insulator 51 are held mutually independently of one another at the right positions of the grooves 77 to form the recess 58 at their center, and they are interposed and clamped between the upper half-shell and the lower half-shell 52, 53, thus exposing their front and rear surfaces towards the outside when the ribs 72 and the notches 74 of the pole pieces are engaged with the notches 71 and the bosses 73 of the housings 56 which secures the pole pieces 55 in the housings 56 forming a unit 55 which can not be removed from the pole mounting portion of the insulator 51. The windings 57 wound around the winding mounting portion of the insulator 51 are fixedly positioned in the annular spaces 78 surrounded by the rings 61, 62, the housings 56 and the flanges 63 of the insulator 51 forming a sort of coil which avoids that

  the windings 57 exit the winding mounting parts

  insulating 51, and thanks to the rings 61, 62 and the flanges 63, they are isolated from the pole pieces 55 by the insulator 51 and can be connected independently

  to the circuits 82 of the printed circuit board 30.

  Since the housings 56 of the insulator 51 with the flanges 53 at their free ends are directed radially outwardly from the rings 61, 62 to form the annular spaces 78 separated from each other outside the rings. 61, 62 in form

  multiple petals, the winding operation of the windings

  in the winding mounting portion of the insulator 51 is readily performed on each of the housings 56 without any space restriction problems using a normal winding machine, in the manner

conventional.

  The printed circuit board 30 is provided as a junction plate of a cord connection, for connecting the windings 57 of the stator unit 50 to a power source, such as

  a battery, as shown in Figure 9. Two coils

  57 which face each other on an axial line of the housings 56 are connected in series, one end being connected to the power source while the other end is connected to a switch 83 disposed outside the motor, this switch 83 is actuated to select any of the series-connected pairs of windings 57. The printed circuit board has an annular shape, carrying the circuits 82 connected to the windings on its upper surface, and its lower surface, the other circuits 82 is connected to the power source and the switch 83. The printed circuit board 30 has an inside diameter slightly larger than the lower ring 72 of the lower half-shell 53 and an outer diameter slightly smaller than the ideal inner diameter of the lower half-flanges 63b of the lower half-shell 53 , so that the printed circuit board 30 is placed and mounted in a space formed between the lower ring 3562 and the lower half-flanges 63b of the half-shell 62 and the lower half-flanges 63b of the lower half-shell 53 by engaging the outer bosses 67 of the lower half-shell 63b in notches on the inner edge of the card 30 so that it

  can not turn around the lower half-shell.

  According to FIG. 4, four wires 81b from the printed circuit board 30 protrude out through the gasket 31 to be adjusted and engaged with two hooks 66 of the lower half-shell, which holds the circuit board In the housing 10. When the stator unit 50 with the printed circuit board 30 is inserted into the housing 10, the two hooks 66 retain the seal 31 in the cut-out portion 15 of the housing 10 when the four wires 81b

  are pulled out between the hooks 66.

  The rotor 40 comprises a shaft 41 which leaves outside the housing 10 to be coupled with a mechanical part driven by this shaft, a core 42 of plastic material fixedly mounted on a central part of the shaft 41, two magnets 43 fixed on the core 42 by an adhesive agent, a stop plate 44 fixedly mounted on a lower portion of the shaft 41. When the rotor 40 has been introduced so as to be able to rotate in the stator unit 50 which has itself been introduced into the housing 10 and covered by the end plate 20, the two ends of the shaft 41 are adjusted to rotate in the bosses 65, 21 of the stator unit 50 and the plate 20. The rotor is of the bipolar type, using two magnets 43, so that it can be controlled to turn not at

  not, each of 60 at each excitation of a pair of coils

  Conversely, the range of rotation of the rotor 40 is limited by the engagement of a notch 45 provided on the outer periphery of the stop plate 44 with an inner boss 69 of the lower half-shell 53. , in order to stop the rotor it in a given position. The stop plate 44 is

  arranged near the core 42, on the shaft 41, in correspondence

  dance with the inner boss 69 of the lower shell

  53, without the need to increase the length of the shaft 41 for mounting the stop plate 44. The end plate 20 comprises the boss 21 formed as a bearing for receiving the shaft 41 in FIG. its center, several cut-out portions 22 to receive the lugs 14 of the housing 10 and a projecting portion 23 to cover the outer opening of the space between the hooks 66 of the lower half-shell 53, for

receive the trim 31.

  With the above elements, the motor is assembled by operations which consist, in order, to prepare the stator unit 50 for winding the windings 37 around the housing 56 of the insulator 51, directed radially from rings 61, 62 and receiving the poles 55 in the grooves of the housing 56 connected to the upper and lower half-shells 52, 53, to insert the printed circuit board 30 into the lower half-shell 53 while the lining 31 of the cords 81 is inserted between the hooks 66 of the lower half-shell 63, to introduce the stator unit 50 with the printed circuit board 30 in the housing 10 by engaging the support 68 of the upper half-shell 52 in the hole 12 of the housing 10, and to adjust the hooks 68 of the lower half-shell 53 in the indented portion 15 of the housing 10, to introduce the rotor 30 in the stator unit 50 by rotating the shaft 41 in the boss 65 of the half-co upper keel 52, to adjust the end plate 20 on the housing 10 by inserting the lugs 14 of the housing into the cut portions 22 of the end plate and rotating the end of the shaft 41 in the boss 21 and crimping the ends of the tabs 12 disposed in the cutout portions 22 outwardly to secure the end plate 20 to the housing 10 so that the stator unit 50 is secured between the housing 10 and the housing plate. end 20, the lining 31 of the printed circuit board 30 being retained in the hooks 66 of the lower half-shell 53 covered by the projecting portion of the end plate 20 and the shaft 41 of the rotor 40 being rotatable by its two ends in the bosses 65, 21 of the stator unit 50 and the end plate 20 while the rotor is rotatable in the recess 58 of the stator unit 50. Also, the stator unit 50 is mounted in the housing 10 by the hires of the support 58 with the hole 12 of the housing 10 in a given position to prevent rotation relative to the housing because the support 58 and the hole 12 are formed eccentrically with respect to the axis of the shaft as the configurations of the part

convex 68.

  In addition, the stator unit 50 is received in the housing 10, maintaining the inner and outer shapes of perfect circles in their sections which are constituted by the inner surfaces of the rings 61, 62 and the poles 55, as well as the surface external rims 63 and poles 55 respectively, so that the rotor 40 is introduced into the hollow 58 of the stator unit 50 while maintaining a gap of constant dimensions between the inner surfaces of the rings 61 and 62 and poles 55 and the outer surfaces of the magnets 42 of the flange 40, the stator unit 50 being fixed in the housing 10 by establishing a close contact under constant pressure between the outer surfaces of the flanges 63 and the poles 55 and the inner surfaces of the housing 10. The end plate 20 is fixed on the casing 10 by the lugs 14 of this casing, which are

  fixed in the cut-out portions 22 of the end plate.

  20 by crimping the tabs 14 towards the end plate.

  20, so that the housing 10, the stator unit and the end plate 40 are fixed relative to one another by establishing a close contact under constant pressure between them in the axial direction.

of the rotor 40.

  The assembly described above makes it possible to obtain an engine with advantages such that the whole of its structure is small dimensionally, precise and simple to arrange, inexpensive and easy to manufacture especially with regard to the winding of windings on the insulator which consists of a pair of upper and lower half-shells 52, 53 comprising the half-housings 56a, 56b with flanges 63a, 63b assembled with the counterparts and the intercalated poles, forming housings 56 in directions from the rings 61, 62 in the form of multiple petals of coils on which the coils 57 are wound respectively with the separation by the flanges 63. Also, since the poles and the coils 57 are completely isolated from each other by the insulation 51 of the housing 56, a special and conventional insulation material such as an insulation sheet or a special coil is useless

  between the poles and the windings.

  According to a modification of the stator unit, even if the two upper and lower half-plates 52, 53 are assembled to form the housings 56 of the insulator 51 in which the poles 55 are placed while forming a gap G between the half shells 52, 53 as shown in FIG. 10, sufficient isolation can be obtained between the poles 55 and the combined windings 57 on the housings 56 because of the fact that

  the angles of the poles 55 are covered by the boxes

  by the insulator 51. Similarly, the shells 52, 53 can be made to be divided into two shells along a line arranged in any position facing the lateral plane of the poles 55. If shells 52, 53 formed in various configurations are used, in modification of the stator unit 50, the poles 55 are placed in the housings 56 of the shells 52, 53 and the windings 57 are wound on the housings 56 of the shells 52, 53, the windings 57 being isolated

  poles 57 by the housing 56 of the shells 52, 53.

  In addition, the winding operation of each of the windings 57 can be easily done by guiding a wire from the outside over one of the housings 56 of the insulator 51 independently of the neighboring housings 56 disposed in

  other radial directions from the ring.

  According to another modification of the stator unit, the insulator 51 and the pole 54 can be formed directly as a unit by integral molding, with a final embodiment similar to that of Figure 2 and as shown in Figures 11 and 12 The insulating material, such as a resin, is applied in a mold at one time to form a unit of insulation in

  which the pole pieces 55 are embedded solidally

  one by one. Inside the mold, the six pole pieces 55 are first arranged in given positions, at equal intervals in the radial direction, independently of each other to form six petals, each of the pole pieces being made under the same configuration as that shown in Figure 5, comprising the parallelepipedal body 75, two ribs 72 and two notches 74. The insulator 51 is molded with the

  parts 55, forming the hollow portion 58 of introduction

  rotor ducting, the pole mounting portion of the slots 56, the rim winding mounting portion 63, the housing mounting portion of the bracket 64, the engine shaft receiving portion of the boss, the receiving portion. of the hooks 66, and a printed circuit board end plate mounting portion constituted by the bosses 67, 69, the insulation 51 being then mounted in the housing 10, with the rotor 40 and the plate of end 20 of the

  same way as in Figure 2.

  According to the present invention, the pole pieces are clamped by two insulating parts and are arranged in the radial direction so that the winding operation of the windings is easily performed from the outside without any restriction, which simplifies

  the manufacture of a precise motor and small dimensions.

  Also, since the magnetic circuit of the stator is formed by the engagement of the housing constituted as a cylinder head with the outer periphery of an insulating part integrated with the pole pieces after the end of the winding operation, the operation of 'assembly

  of the stator unit is simplified and in addition, the isolation

  between the pole pieces and the windings can be provided by the polar parts

  of the insulating part, so that the conventional insulating seat and the coil are useless with the result that the operation

  assembly is simplified and that the

  manufacturing price can be lowered.

  Of course, various modifications may be made by those skilled in the art to the modes of

  described and illustrated as examples

  restrictive without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (8)

  1. Electric motor, characterized in that it comprises a rotor (40) and a stator (50) comprising a plurality of poles (55) arranged in radial directions on the outer periphery of the rotor and the windings (57) placed on these poles. the stator having an insulating piece (51) with a plurality of pole-engaging portions (56) each protruding radially outwardly from an outer annular base portion (61, 62), a plurality of poles (55 ) each held by each pole-holding portion of the insulating member to be mutually independent in the radial directions, a plurality of windings (57) each disposed around each pole-holding portion, held on the pole, a cylinder head (10), ) covered by the outer periphery of the insulating part to combine   integrally each pole with the breech.   2. Motor according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a fixed boss (67) disposed on the inner periphery of an end face of an annular base portion (61, 62) of the workpiece. insulation and a boss (69) disposed on the rotor to contact with the fixed boss.   3. Motor according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a bearing (21) for retaining the rotor shaft on an end face of   the annular base portion of the insulating member (51).   4. Motor according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a junction plate engagement portion (30) provided on an end face of the insulating part and a junction plate connected to the son (81) of the windings and including an engagement portion for engaging a junction plate engagement portion for securing the plate junction on the insulating part.   An engine according to claim 5, characterized in that said joining plate engaging portion of the insulating member is a cylindrical protruding portion (67) on the annular base portion, the engaging portion of the junction being a circular hole and a convex positioning portion (68) being formed in one of the aforesaid portions, and a portion   concave positioning being formed in the other.   6. Motor according to claim 4, characterized in that it further comprises a lining insert part formed in the p81e retention portion of the insulating part to retain a lining (31).   on which are fixed son (81).   7. Electric motor, characterized in that it comprises a rotor (40) and a stator (50) comprising a plurality of poles (55) arranged in radial directions on the outer periphery of the rotor and windings (57) arranged on these poles. the stator having two insulating parts (52a, 52b) with a plurality of pole-engaging portions (56) each projecting radially from the outer periphery of annular base portions (61, 62), a plurality of poles (55) each clamped by the respective pole-engaging parts of the insulating parts so as to be mutually independent in the radial directions, a plurality of windings disposed respectively around the respective pole-retaining portions which clamp the poles and a yoke covered by the outer periphery of the insulating pieces.   to combine it solidarily with the respective poles.   8. Electric motor, characterized in that it comprises a rotor (40) and a stator (50) comprising a plurality of poles (55) arranged in radial directions on the outer periphery of the rotor and windings (57) arranged on these poles. the stator having an insulating member (51) with a plurality of pole-engaging portions (56) each projecting radially outwardly from the outer periphery of the annular base portion (61, 62), a plurality of poles (55) which are integrally embedded in the respective pole-engaging parts of the insulating part so as to be mutually independent in radial directions, a plurality of windings (57) each disposed around the respective pole-retaining portion in which the respective pole is embedded, and a cylinder head (10) covered by the outer periphery of the insulating parts   to combine it jointly with the respective blades.