FR2572450A1 - Method and device for building a construction which is at least partially buried - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method and a device for carrying out the method for building buried constructions. According to the invention an excavation is dug in an open space (garden) and is lined with a waterproofing sheet inside which a floor is placed (raft foundation cast on site); columns 4 are installed at modular intervals and consist of superimposed elements 5, 5', 5'', having a generally rectangular shape, two large faces 7, 7' receiving two vertical channels 8, 8' and 9, 9' while the two small faces 10, 10' comprise a central channel 11, 11', panels 14, 14' are installed in the said channels in order to form the walls, the use of the two channels on a large face and a small face enabling a right angle to be formed and the free large faces 7, 7' arranged towards the inside of the premises being capable of receiving supports 27, 27' for shelves 12, inserted in the receiving bores 20, 20'. Application to the building of a garden cellar forming a shelter or an annexe.

Description

The present invention relates to a method, as well as a set of means for implementing the method and allowing the realization of constructions or accessory premises usable in particular for tidying up or storage, or also for ensuring the protection of goods or of people in aggressive and threatening circumstances.

The invention allows in particular the production of isolated premises, at least partially buried and protected from the environment and external sources of aggression by the earth mass providing physical protection against sources of aggression.

In the context of this specification, the term “buried premises” means premises the entire volume of which is located below ground level.

By partially buried room is meant a room of which part of the volume is below the natural level of the ground, a part of the construction defining the room emerging above the natural level of the ground but being covered by a mass of soil added and forming then a slight raised or massive nipple.

The invention will be applicable to the realization of ancillary rooms in common use such as cellars and then constituting a "garden cellar" being located in free ground such as a garden or patio; the room then being accessible by a staircase inserted in a trench forming an inclined plane from the ground level to the floor level of the room; the cellar will then be usable for the storage of products fearing heat such as wines, preserves, analogs etc. ..; but the "garden cellar" can then also constitute an annex room allowing the exercise of activities which would find their place with difficulty in the house, for example DIY workshop, photos etc ...

The buried room built in accordance with the invention can also constitute a shelter for survival in the event of external aggression coming from disturbed circumstances (wars, bombings etc ...); with suitable accessory equipment (such as an air circulation filter and sealing device), the room according to the invention can be adapted to the construction of an atomic survival shelter.

The devices for the realization of buried constructions implement formulas either too light (simple braced logs to oppose the lateral thrust of the earth) or on the contrary call for complex and heavy structures requiring masonry work put in place in an excavation previously carried out.

The invention allows the establishment of prefabricated elements and extremely rapid implantations, to achieve a buried room, requiring only the implementation of light means and inexpensively.

To this end, the invention relates firstly to a method for producing an at least partially buried room characterized by the succession of the following operations a) An excavation is dug in the ground according to a surface corresponding substantially to the footprint the room to be made and over a depth corresponding to at least half the height of said room; b) A sealing envelope is formed in said excavation formed of a sheet of impermeable and rot-proof material which lines the walls of said excavation; c) A substantially horizontal support floor is placed in the bottom; d) A plurality of vertical poles resting on said bottom are erected and the poles being provided with vertical grooves, said grooves being arranged facing one pole to another, and the poles being arranged according to a modular interval and following the perimeter of the room to be built; e) In the grooves facing and coming from two adjacent posts, wall elements formed of prefabricated panels are superimposed so as to occupy the entire height of the intermediate space between two posts, thereby forming a wall surrounding the local at least on the majority of its sides; f) There are supported on at least two posts (not joined by wall elements) panels of rigid insulating material resting on the posts and forming lost formwork; g) A top screed is poured onto said formwork; h) The excavation is filled around the walls and outside of the sealing sheet.

Preferably and according to a more particular embodiment, is put in place, prior to the panels of rigid insulating material having to conform lost formwork for the upper slab, elements, in particular metallic, forming a frame or support frame of said panels of insulating material and these members, as well as the panels of insulating material, are provided with an arcuate or convex shape, oriented upwards, thus allowing the upper paving produced after pouring concrete, to conform a vault.

According to a particular embodiment, the posts are arranged in parallel rows facing each other, and an intermediate row of posts is interposed between the two rows, said interior intermediate posts being able to receive and support the panels of insulating material for constitute the upper vault resting on all three rows of posts.

According to another characteristic of the invention, the space between. two adjacent posts are left free and cleared for the installation of a frame, said frame facing an inclined plane by which the level of the floor of said buried room joins the upper level of natural soil.

And preferably this inclined plane is arranged to conform an access staircase to the lower level of the premises from the natural level of the ground.

According to a variant, the walls of the buried room extend to form a closed loop on itself and constitute a continuous vertical structure and the upper slab in this case has an access opening opening out via an appropriate vertical duct. at ground level and leading, on the opposite side, to an access member such as a ladder or staircase arranged inside the premises.

According to another characteristic of embodiment of the room according to the invention, the floor is produced by pouring a concrete slab.

According to yet another characteristic of an implementation of the invention, the pocket consisting of the insulating envelope is closed above said structure and the latter is covered with a layer of earth.

The invention also relates to a device for implementing the above method, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of superimposable and identical elements capable of shaping the posts, said elements having a central recess capable of coming into agreement with one another. 'an element to the other and clean to receive a poured concrete to ensure the unity and homogeneity of the post thus shaped.

According to another characteristic, the post has a generally quadrangular section and has on each face a groove capable of receiving a panel conforming the wall of the room.

For example, the post has a rectangular profile and comprises on a large face two parallel grooves and on a small face a groove, making it possible to obtain a square return of the walls secured to the same post, a large face of the post receiving the wall panels, while the small adjacent face receives the wall panels forming with the preceding panels an angle of 90.

And as part of the implementation of this device, the posts of quadrangular section are arranged so that the large face is perpendicular to the current wall.

And the posts receive the wall panels engaged in the outermost grooves leaving the wall of the post, arranged inside the room, free to serve as a support or support for accessories such as in particular storage shelves.

More preferably, the posts have bores projecting over two large opposite faces of said posts and capable of receiving, by engagement, bodies that project outwardly to serve as support or for attachment.

Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description which follows and which is given in relation to a particular embodiment presented by way of nonlimiting example and with reference to the appended drawings.

Figure 1 is a plan view showing the production of a buried room according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

Figure 2 shows a perspective view of a detail showing a post made of superimposed elements and carrying wall panels.

Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a cellar according to the invention and corresponding to line III-III of Figure l.

Figure 4 shows an embodiment of a buried cellar according to the invention, represented at the entrance.

Figure 5 shows an alternative embodiment in which access is via a vertical well.

According to all of the figures, it can be seen that the work begins by making an excavation in natural soil, for example in the garden soil, so as to produce an opening or a free volume allowing the subsequent positioning of the elements. defining the buried room according to the invention.

At the bottom and on the walls of this excavation is firstly arranged a sheet of insulating material and intended to constitute the general sealing of the system; we can for example use a sheet in
PVC such as a sheet known under the trademark POLYANE and designated under the reference 1 in FIG. 1.

This sheet lines the walls of the excavation so as to allow the convenient placement of subsequent prefabricated elements.

In the background is made for example a concrete slab poured on reinforcement, this slab 3 constituting the floor or floor of the room.

On this ground is erected a plularity of posts 4,4 ', 4 ", 4"' made either by placing each post manufactured individually, or by superimposing the elements 5,5 'shown in Figure 2.

The post 3 is produced from the succession of stacked elements 5.5 ′; these elements being identical to one another and stackable thanks to stacking members, for example raised members (not shown) coming on a horizontal face of a element and coming to engage or fit into a corresponding hollow element arranged on the horizontal face of the element located opposite.

Each modular element contributing to the production of a post from the superimposed elements, comprises a central recess 6, the central recesses of the various elements are thus in concordance and make it possible to receive a concrete pour ensuring the unity and the '' homogeneity of all the elements to constitute the unitary post.

The elements are provided with a generally rectangular profile and their two opposite faces respectively 7 and 7 'each have two grooves 8.8', 9.9 '.

The two short sides 10 and 10 'respectively receive a central groove 11 and 11'.

As seen in Figure 1, this arrangement allows for posts whose long sides or large faces are arranged perpendicularly to the walls. (described below).

And the space between two posts can be used to receive support elements, for example shelves 12.

But this realization makes it possible to carry out angle references by multiplying the possibilities of constructions and geometric realizations.

Indeed, the grooves or grooves provided on the posts are capable of receiving planar elements forming wall panels respectively 14,14 '; these elements can be inserted, by being superimposed, in the grooves coming from two adjacent posts, grooves or grooves facing each other and allowing the insertion in superposition of the panels inserted slidingly in the grooves of two adjacent posts.

 It is thus particularly quick to erect the walls of the room which can form a closed belt on itself or leave free a space between two posts 4 ", 4" 'this space then receiving a frame 21 defining an access opening ( Figures 1 and 4).

In this case, the access opening (as shown in FIG. 4) opens facing a trench, the bottom of which constitutes an inclined plane 22 and extends substantially from the lower level of the floor of the buried cellar to the level of the natural soil, this inclined plane is preferably furnished with a staircase 23 then constituting an access member from the level of the exterior floor to the lower level of the room.

The coverage of the room is obtained by fitting fittings 13, preferably curved in an arc da circle and coming to bear on two posts facing each other in two parallel rows; these fittings make it possible to support, at least temporarily, panels such as particle boards known under the brand name FIBRALITHE and made of a rigid and insulating material 14.

This material is cut into rectangular panels, preferably arched to match the outline of the members 13; and these insulating panels 14 then constitute the lost formwork making it possible to flow in the upper position a slab either flat or possibly curved and then conforming to the radius of curvature both of the fittings 13 and of the insulating panels 14.

Said slab then creates a vault joining and resting on the two parallel rows of posts.

According to a variant, it is also possible to provide, between two parallel rows of posts, supporting the side walls of the room, an intermediate or interior row of posts serving as support points for the frames resting moreover on the outside rows, said frames and the corresponding panels then forming a double vault resting on the one hand on the row of intermediate posts in the central position and on the other hand on the side posts.

Preferably, a layer of earth 16 is added to the vault obtained by the slab 15 produced in lost formwork on the panels 14.

According to a variant shown in Figure 5, one can provide the room with a continuous vertical wall and surrounding the entire room and in this case it is the upper slab 15 which has an opening occupied by a well 17, flush in these conditions substantially at the natural level of the ground and provided with a folding cover forming a hatch.

This well is then provided with access means, for example a vertical ladder 25.

It is understood that a buried room of this type can easily be equipped with accessory elements such as air filters and sealing beads, with reinforcement of the door and allowing it, thanks to the protection of the layer of soil which surrounds, to play the role of fallout shelter.

At the end of the production, the waterproof sheet can be folded back against the walls and the excavation is then plugged up, for example by pouring the earth by shovels in the space which surrounds the outer wall, this outside the sealing sheet.

Optionally, it is possible to use a sealing sheet whose dimensions do not allow the entire room to be wrapped, but the bottom and the side walls over at least a large part of their height; and this lower sheet 18 can cooperate with an upper sheet 19 brought into overlap from the upper parts of the structure, the assembly thus being completely wrapped by the upper 19 and lower 18 sheets, the sheet 19 being in the overlapping position at the edges lower sheet terminals 18 (Figure 3).

The posts may have horizontal bores which pass through them, for example bores 20, 20 ′, 21, 21 ′; these bores can receive elements of which a part is inserted into said bores, a part being projecting outside, these elements constituting support or attachment members for the installation for example of shelf supports or for the suspension of any appropriate item (hook).

The modular elements intended to conform the posts are made for example of light concrete or cellular concrete or else in the form of blocks of expanded polystyrene therefore allowing their handling under particularly easy conditions thanks to their lightness, the seat and the solidity being obtained. from the concrete core poured inside the central recess 6.

The wall panels 14, 14 ′ can be made of any suitable and suitable material such as wood (these walls being protected from humidity thanks to the presence of the outer polyane sheet); the walls or wall panels can be made of corrugated material, the corrugations then preferably being arranged horizontally; and the height of the wall panels can be different from the height of the modules constituting the posts.

Optionally, the filling and closing of the excavation around the sealing sheet can be obtained, not by rejecting material such as earth or sand, but by pouring on site, concrete together then being surrounded by a block of monolithic concrete which strengthens the compactness, tightness and resistance of the structure thus produced.

The room obtained under these conditions can be equipped with any equipment or interior fittings and even constitute, in particular within the framework of equipment in a survival shelter, a habitable room or a recovery room during normal periods; the room is maintained at a constant temperature corresponding to the temperature of a buried cellar, and generally of the order of 11 to 120, these conditions making it possible to use the room for the conservation of wine products, preserves etc ...

But the room can also receive any appropriate assignment, constitute a DIY workshop or tool storage.

 I1 does not spoil the site since it can be completely buried and in this case no superstructure appears outside, the room being surmounted by a layer of earth that can receive any culture (flowers, grass, beds etc ... ).

In winter periods the presence of a layer of insulating material 14 will prevent condensation in the upper part, that is to say at the level of the room ceiling.

It will be understood that the room can be completely buried as seen in light of Figure 3, that is to say that the entire volume is located below the natural ground level 24
This is also the embodiment shown in Figure 5.

But as can be seen in the light of FIG. 4, the room can be partially buried, that is to say that its volume is for the most part below the natural level of the ground 24 while an upper part and in particular, vault 15 slightly overflows; in this case, the room can advantageously be covered with a mass of soil 24 'to provide additional protection at the level of the vault.

As can be seen in FIG. 4, the vault 15 is extended by an inclined ramp 15 ′ to lead to the lintel 15 "surmounting the frame 21 defining the entrance to the room, which opens, as described above, in a trench whose bottom is occupied by the inclined plane 22 furnished with the staircase 23.

Claims (9)

1 - Method for producing an at least partially buried room, characterized by the succession of the following operations: a) An excavation is dug in the ground according to a surface corresponding substantially to the footprint of the room to be produced and on a extension corresponding to at least half the height of said room; b) A sealing envelope is formed in said excavation formed from a sheet (1.1 ′) of an impermeable and rot-proof material which lines the walls of said excavation; c) A substantially horizontal support floor (3) is placed in the bottom; d) A plurality of vertical posts (4,4 ', 4 ", 4"') resting on said bottom (3) are erected and the posts being provided with vertical grooves (8,8 ', 9,9'), said posts grooves being arranged opposite one post to the other, and the posts being arranged according to a modular interval and following the periphery of the room to be produced; e) Wall elements formed from prefabricated panels (13,14,14 ') and superimposed so as to occupy the entire height of the intermediate space between two posts are inserted into the grooves facing and coming from two adjacent posts. , thus conforming a wall surrounding the room at least on the majority of its sides; f) There are supported on at least two posts (not joined by wall elements) panels (14) of rigid insulating material resting on the posts and forming lost formwork; g) A top screed (15) is poured onto said formwork; h) The excavation is filled around the walls and outside of the sealing sheet (1) 2 - Method according to claim 1, characterized in that one sets up, before the panels of rigid insulating material before conforming lost formwork for the upper slab, elements, in particular metallic, forming a frame or support frame (13) of said panels of insulating material and these frames, like the panels of insulating material, are provided with an arched shape, or convex, oriented upwards, thus allowing the upper paving (15) produced after pouring concrete, to conform a vault. 3 - Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the posts are arranged in parallel rows and facing each other, and an intermediate row of posts is interposed between the two rows, said interior intermediate posts being suitable for receive and support the panels of insulating material to form the upper vault resting on all three rows of posts. 4 - Method according to one of claims 1,2 or 3, characterized in that the space between two adjacent posts (4 ", 4" ') is left free and clear for the establishment of a frame (21 ), said frame facing an inclined plane (22) by which the level of the floor (3) of said buried room meets the upper level of the natural ground (24), this inclined plane being arranged to conform to an access staircase (23 ) at the lower level of the room from the natural ground level. 5 - variant embodiment of the method according to one of claims 1,2 or 3, characterized in that the walls of the buried room extend to form a closed loop on itself and constitutes a continuous vertical structure and the upper slab has in this case an access opening opening out via an appropriate vertical duct (17) at ground level and leading, on the opposite side, to an access member such as a ladder (25) or staircase arranged inside the room. 6 - Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that one closes the pocket consisting of the insulating envelope above said structure and the latter is covered with a layer of earth. 7 - Device for implementing the method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of elements (5.5 ′, 5 ″) superimposed and identical capable of shaping the posts, said elements having a central recess (6) capable of coming into concordance from one element to another and suitable for receiving a poured concrete to ensure the unity and homogeneity of the post thus shaped. 8 - Device according to claim 7, characterized in that the elements intended to produce the post have a rectangular profile and comprise on a face grance (7.7 ') two parallel grooves (8.8' and 9.9 ') and on a small face (10,10 ') a groove (11,11') allowing to obtain a square return of the walls secured on the same post, a large face (7,7 ') of the post receiving the panels walls (26), while the adjacent small face (10) receives the wall panels (26 ') forming with the preceding panels an angle of 900. 9 - Method according to one of claims 1 to 6 and using the device of claim 8, characterized in that the posts of quadrangular section are arranged so that the large face (7,7 ') is perpendicular to the current wall (14,14 '), and the posts receive the wall panels engaged in the outermost grooves (8', 9 ') leaving the wall of the post, arranged inside the room, free to serve for supporting or supporting accessories such as in particular storage shelves (12). 10 - Device according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that the posts have bores (20,20 ') projecting over two large faces (7,7') opposite said posts and able to receive by engagement organs (27,27 ') projecting outside to serve as support or attachment, in particular to the shelves (12).